# A dictionary and grammatical sketch of RuruuliLunyala

Saudah Namyalo Alena Witzlack-Makarevich Anatole Kiriggwajjo Amos Atuhairwe Zarina Molochieva Ruth Mukama Margaret Zellers

African Language Grammars and Dictionaries 5

Chief Editor: Adams Bodomo Editor: Firmin Ahoua

In this series:


# A dictionary and grammatical sketch of RuruuliLunyala

Saudah Namyalo Alena Witzlack-Makarevich Anatole Kiriggwajjo Amos Atuhairwe Zarina Molochieva Ruth Mukama Margaret Zellers

Saudah Namyalo, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Amos Atuhairwe, Zarina Molochieva, Ruth Mukama & Margaret Zellers. 2021. *A dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala* (African Language Grammars and Dictionaries 5). Berlin: Language Science Press.

This title can be downloaded at:

http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/326 © 2021, Saudah Namyalo, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Amos Atuhairwe, Zarina Molochieva, Ruth Mukama & Margaret Zellers Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence (CC BY 4.0): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN: 978-3-96110-329-4 (Digital) 978-3-98554-025-9 (Hardcover)

ISSN: 2512-4862 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5548947 Source code available from www.github.com/langsci/326 Collaborative reading: paperhive.org/documents/remote?type=langsci&id=326

Cover and concept of design: Ulrike Harbort Typesetting: Alena Witzlack-Makarevich Proofreading: Alys Boote Cooper, Jenny Jaffe, Jeroen van de Weijer, Katja Politt, Marten Stelling, Mykel Brinkerhoff, Jean Nitzke, Steve Pepper, Tihomir Rangelov, Yvonne Treis, Fonts: Libertinus, Arimo, DejaVu Sans Mono Typesetting software: XƎLATEX

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# **Contents**


## Contents


## Contents



# **Preface**

# **Preface by Saudah Namyalo**

This publication presents the first edited compilation of selected lemmas and a grammar sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala. It is a product of a Volkswagen Foundation funded project entitled 'A comprehensive bilingual talking Luruuli/Lunyala-English<sup>1</sup> dictionary with a descriptive basic grammar for language revitalisation and enhancement of mother-tongue based education'. The aim of the project was to contribute towards the revitalisation of the endangered and mainly oral Ruruuli-Lunyala language (ISO 639-3: ruc). Ruruuli-Lunyala is the native language of the Baruuli/Banyala. It is spoken in the central region of Uganda. The ethnic groups of the Baruuli and Banyala are estimated to be about 160,000 (140,000 Baruuli, 21,000 Banyala, Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2016). Ruruuli-Lunyala is one of the most endangered of Uganda's indigenous languages and was categorised as threatened by Lewis et al. (2016), though later surveys categorise it as vigorous (Eberhard et al. 2019, 2020). This status change is attributable to the ongoing language and cultural related activities that have been going on in the last ten years. For the last ten years, the Baruuli-Banyala people have been struggling for their right to be recognised as a distinct tribe with a distinct language and culture. As part of this struggle, they have put in place kingdoms known as Buruuli and Bunyala Kingdoms. Cultural groups have been formed and are working towards language and cultural revitalisation. These efforts have resulted into series of self-published booklets on mainly the Ruruuli-Lunyala culture, the on-going translation of the Bible into Ruruuli-Lunyala by SIL, as well as the publication of basic literacy books.

The production of the dictionary was preceded by a compilation of both mainly the spoken and to a lesser extent written corpus of Ruruuli-Lunyala. The corpus provided frequency information about lexemes, senses and collocations, as well as some of the authentic examples which were used in this dictionary. Addition-

<sup>1</sup>The spelling of the language name as Luruuli/Lunyala was used in the project title before the community of speakers agreed that the spelling of the language name should be Ruruuli-Lunyala. In the rest of the book we use exclusive the spelling Ruruuli-Lunyala.

ally, the corpus was exploited to obtain basic lexical grammatical information on most of the entries in the dictionary.

This volume has about 12,000 entries with ample examples to meet the needs of most users, including the native speakers, students, scholars and researchers. The present dictionary, in addition to being the first to be published on this language, is the initial volume of a two-volume set which describes the Ruruuli-Lunyala language. There will also be a standalone grammar describing the grammatical structure thus offering significantly more detailed grammatical information than the grammatical sketch included into to the present volume. Additionally, this dictionary will have a counterpart of an online talking dictionary and a mobile app of an adapted version of the dictionary.

# **Foreword from Isabaruuli of the Buruuli Kingdom**

Ruruuli-Lunyala language is the means with which the Baruuli-Banyala people express the creative arts of orature and literature and it is one of the items of Buruuli cultural heritage. Like many other Uganda's minority languages, Ruruuli-Lunyala is an underdeveloped language. It still lacks written literature and its use in formal domains, such as in schools, print media, and law among others is yet to be achieved. For decades, Ruruuli-Lunyala survived under the shadow of dominant languages, such as Luganda, Runyoro, and Lusoga. This among other things affected its development, as it was reduced to a 'home language'. However, the coming of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) government in power in 1986 opened space for all indigenous communities in Uganda to promote and safeguard their languages and cultures. One of priority areas of Uganda National Culture Policy 2006 is the development and promotion of languages of indigenous communities in Uganda with one of its key interventions being ensuring the development of dictionaries in local languages. Thus, as the Isabaruuli of Buruuli and custodian of Buruuli cultural heritage, I appreciate the Government of Uganda under the leadership of His Excellency Gen. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni for allowing all ethnic communities in Uganda to promote and safeguard their local languages. In addition, I would like to thank the development partners particularly The Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) for funding the Ruruuli-Lunyala-English dictionary project. I also thank Dr. Saudah Namyalo of the Department of African Languages from Makerere University and her entire research team for compiling this dictionary with a grammar sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala.

I call upon all stakeholders particularly the Baruuli and Banyala people to always be proud of their language and culture. The only way to preserve and promote the language, necessitates that you use it in your day to day interactions. I also urge you to continue doing research and documenting it. I am optimistic that with this dictionary, Ruruuli-Lunyala shall continue to be promoted and safeguarded from extinction.

# **Okulwa Nyamwanga Obumwei N'okweyomboka. (For God, Unity, and Development.)**

(Isabarongo Mwatyansozi Mwogezi Butamanya)

# **Foreword from Isabanyala of the Bunyala Kingdom**

Welcome to the first edition of the Ruruuli-Lunyala-English dictionary. This dictionary comes at the time when a large number of children and youths in the Buruuli and Bunyala kingdoms cannot read, write nor speak their mother tongue. The continued use of English as the sole language of instruction in schools, the dominance of area languages such as Runyoro, Luganda, and Lusoga, and the multiplicity of languages in Buruuli-Bunyala Kingdom has been one of the major challenges that has affected the growth and development of Ruruuli-Lunyala for decades.

It is therefore with great pleasure that I welcome the first edition of Ruruuli-Lunyala-English dictionary. This dictionary will with no doubt lead to increased acquisition of Ruruuli-Lunyala among all the Baruuli and Banyala people as well as others who may wish to learn the language. All the definitions in this dictionary are written in clear, simple Ruruuli-Lunyala with English translations that are easy to understand. The dictionary has a section on the Ruruuli-Lunyala orthography, as well as a section on the grammar. I encourage you to pick interest and read it. This will help to learn how to write the language in addition to knowing its grammar. Lastly, allow me to thank Dr. Saudah Namyalo and her entire research team for the job well done. Writing a dictionary of an endangered language has always been challenging. I am glad that amidst all challenges you managed to write such a voluminous book which will go a long way towards developing and revitalising our cherished language. I also thank all the men and women particularly from the Bunyala kingdom for welcoming the project and working closely with the research team to ensure that the project succeeds. Last but not least, I thank the Volkswagen Foundation for funding this project.

(Rtd. Maj. Baker Kimeze Mpagi II Byarufu) (HRH Obukama bwa Bunyala)

# **Acknowledgments**

There are a number of people and institutions who helped with the compilation of this dictionary.

First, we would like to thank the Volkswagen Foundation for funding the project 'A comprehensive bilingual talking Ruruuli/Lunyala-English dictionary with a descriptive basic grammar for language revitalisation and enhancement of mother-tongue based education' (2017–2019) which allowed the compilation of this dictionary, as well as 'The dynamics of language variation: A study of linguistic repertoires of Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers' (2020–2022), which supports further work on the language. Furthermore, we are grateful to the University of Kiel and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who supported multiple field trips of the co-authors.

Many speakers of Ruruuli-Lunyala contributed to the compilation of this dictionary and to the larger corpus from which it is derived. The outcomes of their endeavours to preserve and promote a record of their language for future generations as well as for scholars, researchers and other interested people will endure as their legacy. It is a legacy for which many generations will be forever grateful. Without their untiring dedication to the project, and without their knowledge of the Ruruuli-Lunyala language and traditional culture, the record of Ruruuli-Lunyala could not have been as rich as it is. Thank you, the women and men of the Buruuli and Bunyala Kingdoms!

Hundreds of community members contributed to the Ruruuli-Lunyala documentary project. However, the ones listed below were crucial to the successful completion of the project in general and the dictionary in particular:


Our gratitude also goes to Dr. Matthias Brenzinger formerly at University of Cape Town who served as the project's mentor and accompanied us during the first field trip.

We are grateful to Sebastian Bank who assisted with the conversion of the lexical database into the LaTeX document format.

We are indebted to the students from Kiel University for choosing to write their theses on Ruruuli-Lunyala language. Their research findings helped us to understand the different aspects of Ruruuli-Lunyala grammar. We are also very grateful to the students at both Kiel University and Hebrew University of Jerusalem who supported us during the many stages of compiling the corpus and the dictionary. Many thanks to Tuarik Cassimo Buanzur (Kiel U.), Lori Buyanovsky (Hebrew U. of Jerusalem), Margareta Ehlers-Karmanova (Kiel U.), Levke Marie Friedrichsen (Kiel U.), Erika Just (Kiel U.), Janina Klingenberg (Kiel U.), Mandy Lorenzen (Kiel U.), Cheryl Akinyi Oluoch (Kiel U.), Eloisa Costanza Ruppert (Kiel U.), Dimitri Schank (Kiel U.), Katharina Sommer (Kiel U.), Anna Veselovsky (Hebrew U. of Jerusalem), Jana Winkler (Kiel U.), Suza Wrzeszcz (Kiel U.), Isabel Zechner (Kiel U.), and Caroline de Brito Gottlieb (Princeton U.).

Furthermore, we are grateful to the the series editors Adams Bodomo and Firmin Ahoua and two anonymous reviewers for all their helpful suggestions, as well as to Sebastian Nordhoff for his continuous support during the preparation of this volume.

Thank you all indeed!

# **Abbreviations and conventions**

This section outlines the conventions used in the grammar sketch. The conventions used in the dictionary are presented separately in the dictionary user's guide.

In the examples of individual word, e.g. in (1), <…> angle brackets are used represent the orthographic letters (or graphemes). […] square brackets are used for the phonetic surface representation, whereas slashes /…/ are used for the underlying phonological representation, as well as to refer to allomorphs of a morpheme. We use single quotes '…' for translations of Ruruuli-Lunyala words and clauses into English.

We represent Ruruuli-Lunyala cited within the text and examples without glosses in italics. No italics are used in the examples with glosses, such as e.g. (11). In glossed examples, the first line represents the orthographic transcription, the second line represents the underlying form of individual morphemes, the third line represents the glosses, and finally, in the fourth line, an idiomatic translation into English is provided and, if necessary, supplemented with a more literal translation.

The glosses follow the Leipzig Glossing Rules.<sup>1</sup> The abbreviations used in the grammar sketch and in the dictionary part are listed below. Note that the numbers 1 and 2 are used to indicate both to the first and second person and the noun class 1 and 2. They two uses are easily distinguished: the first and second person are always accompanied by the indication of number (singular and plural, e.g. 1sg), whereas the noun classes 1 and 2 are never accompanied by the indication of number, as nouns of the noun class 1 are singular, and nouns of noun class 2 are plural (see Section 3.1 for details).

<sup>1</sup> See https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/resources/glossing-rules.php.

### Abbreviations and conventions


# **Part I**

# **Grammar**

# **1 Introduction**

# **1.1 The language and its speakers**

Ruruuli-Lunyala (JE103; Glottocode: ruul1235, ISO 639-3: ruc) is known under a number of spelling variants including Ruuli, Ruli, Luruuri-Lunyara, Ruruli-Lunyara, Ruruuli-Runyala, as well Luduuli. Ruruuli-Lunyala is the native language of the Baruuli<sup>1</sup> and Banyala ethnic groups which mainly reside in the districts of Kayunga and Nakasongola, as well as in Kiryandongo, Amolator, Buyende, Masindi, Hoima, and Luweero of Uganda (see Figure 1.1 for the map of the first two districts). According to Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2016: 71), there are 190,122 ethnic Baruuli and 47,699 Banyala.

Following Ladefoged et al. (1972) and Schoenbrun (1994, 1997),<sup>2</sup> Hammarström et al. (2018) classify Ruruuli-Lunyala as a North Rutara < Rutara < West Nyanza language of the Great Lakes Bantu group of languages. The degree of mutual intelligibility between the two major varieties viz. Ruruuli and Lunyala is high. On the basis of a word list of over 90 items, Ladefoged et al. (1972: 74) identified that Lunyala and Ruruuli have 91% of the words in common. Similarly, Vander Wal & Vander Wal (2005) report 90% mutual intelligibility between these two language varieties. They furthermore mention that these two communities share a common heritage such as a similar clan system, names and nomenclature systems and strategies, traditional cuisine, as well as marriage ceremonies among others. The Baruuli and Banyala are listed as two independent ethnic groups among the 65 indigenous communities by the Constitution of the Republic of

<sup>1</sup>As in other Bantu languages, the prefix *ba-* in Ruruuli-Lunyala is used with human nouns in plural and thus appears on names of various ethnic groups. Individual members of the two ethnic groups are endonymically referred to as *Muruuli* and *Munyala*, respectively. The names of the areas associated with the two kingdoms have the prefix *bu-* and are called *Buruuli* and *Bunyala*.

<sup>2</sup> Schoenbrun's genealogical study did not include any data from Ruruuli-Lunyala, presumably, as there were not available, however, "RuRuli" is listed as part of the Rutara group Schoenbrun (1994: 118–119). It is followed by a list of languages and dialects omitted from Map 1 and this list includes "RuRuli" in the Rutara group.

### 1 Introduction

Figure 1.1: Nakasongola and Kayunga (OpenStreetMap contributors 2017)

Uganda (as amended in 2005, 2009, and 2018).<sup>3</sup> According to Vander Wal & Vander Wal (2005) and Nakayiza (2013: 179), Ruruuli-Lunyala has three dialects, including Western Ruruuli spoken in Masindi district, Eastern Ruruuli spoken in Nakasongola district, and Lunyala mainly spoken in Kayunga district. Further research into the dialectal variation of Ruruuli-Lunyala is needed to either confirm or modify this claim. The four varieties mentioned in the dictionary entries are currently Ruruuli, Lunyala, Buyende, and Kiryandongo (see Section 5.2.5).

# **1.2 A short history of Buruuli and Bunyala**

Before their annexation to Bunyoro Kingdom in the 15th c., Buruuli and Bunyala were independent chieftaincies. Buruuli had its capital in Kamunina in Kwigeri, while Bunyala's capital was at Ibbaale (now, in the Bbaale County) (see Semakula Kiwanuka 1972 and Musoke 2005). After prolonged wars between the Buganda and Bunyoro Kingdoms, Buruuli and Bunyala were annexed to Buganda in a deal that was sealed by the 1900 Buganda Agreement, a treaty that formalized

<sup>3</sup>Banyala (spelled *Banyara*) as item 22 and Baruuli (spelled *Baruli*) as item 27, https://ulii.org/ akn/ug/act/statute/1995/constitution/eng@2018-01-05, accessed 7 March 2021.

#### 1.3 Data gathering techniques and the corpus

the relationship between the Kingdom of Uganda and the British Uganda Protectorate (see e.g.Green 2008 and Stonehouse 2012 on the history of Uganda's "Lost Counties").

After the annexation of Buruuli and Bunyala to Buganda, the Baganda colonial agents took over full administration and management of these chieftaincies. Many of the interviewed elders report that the Baganda agents' administration brutality forced many Baruuli and Banyala to flee to different parts of the country, leaving behind a small population of the Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers. Those who remained were deprived of their traditional rights on land and became squatters.

The political situation had sociolinguistic consequences. Thus, Mwogezi (2004: : 42) reports that, in addition to the forced labour which led to forced migration, "in their push for assimilation, or to Bugandanise the lost counties, under threat of jail or other punishments, all indigenous languages spoken in these counties were banned. Luganda was made compulsory in all the counties that were colonised by the Buganda Kingdom". Thus, Baganda colonial agents made it a policy to use Luganda in all public domains such as in churches, mosques, schools, courts of law as well as in administrative/government offices. Ruruuli-Lunyala remained only a "home" language as it was illegal to speak Ruruuli-Lunyala in public and anyone found speaking it would be severely punished. One of the interviewees who preferred anonymity recalls that "one day, my father and I were heard speaking Lunyala in a market. We did not know the chief was near. A day later, he was summoned to go to the court for trial. I was also told to go with my father. We were both found guilty of speaking Lunyala in a public place. My dad was sentenced to two months in jail. As a child, I was told to draw water and fill a drum every day for seven days" (Field Interview, January 2018). The Baruuli and Banyala who failed to master Luganda were denied access to services like medical care, education and attending churches. Thus, the reduction in the number of Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers, the poor economic status and the language policy that was introduced by the Baganda forced many Banyala and Baruuli to adopt Luganda as a language for survival and a language of wider communication reducing Ruruuli-Lunyala to a home language.

# **1.3 Data gathering techniques and the corpus**

The data for this grammar sketch and dictionary were collected during multiple field trips in 2012 and in 2016–2020 carried out by the authors of this book. The present dictionary and the grammar were meant to be representative of the Ruruuli and Lunyala varieties and if possible to capture further varieties. To reach

### 1 Introduction

this goal, a large number of speakers from different locations were recorded and interviewed (see below).

The two major field trip locations were Kayunga and Nakasongola. These two towns also served as the location of several community workshops dedicated to lexicographic topics and the compilation of the corpus. In addition to these two major sites, further trips were undertaken to a number of other locations in Kayunga district, Nakasongola district, and Buyende district. Furthermore, speakers from a large number of locations participated in the dictionary workshops and corpus compilation workshops. Furthermore, several language consultants regularly visited Kampala to work with the project members.

The grammar sketch and the dictionary are based on four major sources of data, viz. a corpus of naturalistic texts, elicitations of specific grammatical forms and constructions and grammaticality judgments, elicitations for phonetic analysis, as well as sociolinguistic questionnaires. The first two data sources are presented in some detail below.

The corpus of naturalistically produced texts and traditional narratives was collected during these trips, as well as during a field trip in 2012 by Saudah Namyalo with the purpose of collecting traditional narratives. Most of the sessions were video and audio recorded. On many occasions the linguist in charge of a recording session withdrew from the conversation and left speakers to themselves to encourage a more natural conversation. To encourage the use of specialised vocabulary, on many occasions the speakers were offered a range of topics and questions to discuss during the recording sessions (e.g. traditional naming practices, fishing techniques, preparation of local dishes and drinks, etc.).

As of 2020, the corpus contains speech of 105 speakers (79 male and 26 female speakers) of various age groups and backgrounds. The total length of recordings exceeds 40 hours. The size of the transcribed corpus of spoken language available to the team exceeded 205,000 words. The majority of the naturalistically produced texts were recorded in Kayunga and Nakasongola during the workshops organised by the project. Further recordings were made in the following locations: Kibbaale and Kidera (Buyende District), Katitiza (Nakasongola district), Bbaale, Gweero, Kagoye, Kikota, Kitatyana, Kyerima, Mugongo, and Sokoso (Kayunga district). Each recording session was supplemented with metadata: we kept track of the data and place of recordings, participants, their age, provenance, linguistic competence, and education.

The corpus of naturalistically produced texts was supplemented with available written data (collections of proverbs produced by the communities, readers, books about the history of the kingdom, the translation of the portions of the

Bible produced by SIL in Uganda). The size of the corpus of written language exceeded 45,000 words.

In addition to the corpus of naturalistically produced speech, multiple elicitations sessions were organised by the project members to study individual phonological and morpho-syntactic topics, as well as to work on senses and grammatical properties of lexical items in the dictionary, and to collect examples sentences. The elicitation sessions were conducted in English and Luganda. All the consultants who participated in the elicitation sessions were proficient in Ruruuli-Lunyala, Luganda, and English.

# **2 Phonology and orthography**

In this section we provide an overview of the segmental inventory of Ruruuli-Lunyala. Section 2.1 presents consonants. A note on tone is provided in Section 2.4 Section 2.2 discusses vowels. Syllable structure is discussed in Section 2.5. An overview of a number of morphophonological processes is given in Section 2.6. Finally, Section 2.7 discusses the relationship between phonological representation and orthography.

# **2.1 Consonants**

Ruruuli-Lunyala has 21 consonants listed in Table 2.1 with their corresponding graphemes. All voiceless stops and most fricatives have a voiced counterpart. All nasals in Ruruuli-Lunyala are voiced. A selection of minimal pairs illustrating the phonemic contrasts are provided in (1).


Table 2.1: Consonants and corresponding graphemes (+v voiced, -v voiceless)

### 2 Phonology and orthography

	- b. /p/: *paaka* /paːka/ 'to praise' vs. *bbaaka* /baːka/ 'to prepare (millet) for fermentation'; *pika* /pika/ 'to pump up' vs. *bika* /βika/ 'to announce the death (of a person)'
	- c. /β/: *aba* /aβa/ 'to go' vs. *abba* /aba/ 'to work in exchange'
	- d. /c/: *tiica* /tiːca/ 'to tear' vs. *tiika* /tiːka/ 'to load'; *cunda* /cunda/ 'to shake' vs. *junda* /ɟuːnda/ 'to rot'
	- e. /d/: *duma* /duma/ 'to run, rush' vs. *tuma* /tuma/ 'to send' vs. *luma* /luma/ 'to dig'
	- f. /f/: *mufugi* /mufugi/ 'ruler' vs. *muvugi* /muvugi/ 'driver'
	- g. /g/: *gaali* /gaːli/ 'bicycle' vs. *kaali* /kaːli/ 'crib'
	- h. /ɟ/: *janga* /ɟanga/ 'to have fun' vs. canga /canga/ 'to confuse'
	- i. /k/: *kanya* /kaɲa/ 'to gather' vs. *ganya* /gaɲa/ 'to allow'
	- j. /l/: *luma* /luma/ 'to bite' vs. *duma* /duma/ 'to run hurriedly', *alaalya* /alaːlja/ 'to spread out' vs. *araalya* /araːlja/ 'to scatter', *ibala* /iβala/ 'stain, spot' vs. *ibara* /iβara/ 'name', *rubogo* /ruβogo/ 'brownish bull or he-goat' vs. *lubogo* /luβogo/ 'bark cloth', *kinyolo* /kiɲolo/ 'door bolt' vs. *Kinyoro* /kiɲoro/ 'the Kinyoro way'
	- k. /m/: *mala* /mala/ 'to finish' vs. *sala* /sala/ 'to cut'
	- l. /n/: *naga* /naga/ 'to throw away' vs. *nyaga* /ɲaga/ 'to kidnap' vs. *maga* /maga/ 'pied kingfisher'
	- m. /ŋ/: *kiŋaaŋaali* /kiŋaːŋaːli/ 'jerry can without a top' vs. *kimamaali* /kimamaːli/ 'long lasting (7)'
	- n. /ɲ/: *saanya* /saːɲa/ 'to swim' vs. *saana* /saːna/ 'to deserve, be worthy of'
	- o. /r/: *mworo* /muoro/ 'poor person' vs. *mwolo* /muolo/ 'scythe'
	- p. /s/: *siga* /siga/ 'to plant' vs. *ziga* /ziga/ 'to trail'
	- q. /t/: *tena* /tena/ 'to be soggy' vs. *sena* /sena/ 'to be fed up'
	- r. /v/: *vuga* /vuga/ 'to drive' vs. /nuga/ *nuga* 'to be disgusted'
	- s. /w/: *laawa* /laːwa/ 'to castrate' vs. *laaya* /laːja/ 'to grow tall'
	- t. /j/: *yuga* /juga/ 'to mingle' vs. *juga* /ɟuga/ 'to moo when aroused'
	- u. /z/: *ziza* /ziza/ 'to patch' vs. *ziga* /ziga/ 'to trail'

2.1 Consonants

# **2.1.1 The phonemes /β/ and /b/**

This phoneme is realised as [β] in the intervocalic position (also across word boundaries). It is realised as [b] word-initially after a pause, as well as after nasals. The phoneme /b/ is realised as [b] in all contexts.

# **2.1.2 The phonemes /l/ and /r/**

According to our current analysis, /l/ and /r/ are two distinct phonemes in Ruruuli-Lunyala and a number of minimal pairs were identified, see some examples in (1j) and (1o). Many of the speakers we worked with are consistent in preserving the contrast. Specifically, the contrast is preserved word-initially and after the non-front vowels /a/, /o/, and /u/. The distinction is neutralised after the front vowels /i/ and /e/: The underlying /l/ is realised as [r] after /e/ and /i/ and this alternation is reflected in the orthography (see Section 2.7.4).

Furthermore, we observe dialectal variation in the realisation of these phonemes, which is reflected in the dictionary. Specifically, a larger number of lexical items have [r] in Ruruuli and [l] in Lunyala. In the dictionary we used the Ruruuli spelling for headwords, Lunyala variants are provided and cross-referenced with their Ruruuli counterparts.

# **2.1.3 The phoneme /ŋ/**

The phoneme /ŋ/ is infrequent in Ruruuli-Lunyala. It is attested in a small number of nouns and verbs listed in (2), as well as in a number of ideophonic words listed in (3).



2 Phonology and orthography


# **2.1.4 Geminate consonants**

Unlike in some neighbouring languages, such as Luganda, where most singletons contrast with geminates (see e.g.Ashton et al. 1954 and Hyman & Katamba 1999), there are no underlying geminates in Ruruuli-Lunyala. Surface gemination emerges in several situations. First, surface gemination emerges from the deletion of the infinitive prefix *ku-* in rapid speech of many Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers. When the prefix is deleted, it is compensated for by lengthening the root initial consonant, as in (4).

	- b. *ku-deedya* 'to swing': /kudeːdja/: [kudeːdja] or [dːeːdja]
	- c. *ku-kola* 'to do': /kukola/: [kukola] or [kːola]
	- d. *ku-naaba* 'to bathe': /kunaːβa/: [kunaːβa] or [nːaːβa]
	- e. *ku-zaawa* 'to perish': /kuzaːwa/: [kuzaːwa] or [zːaːwa]

Surface geminate consonants also occur as a result of prefixation of the first person singular prefix *n-* to verb stems beginning with a nasal, as in (5).

	- b. *timmaite* 'neg-1sg.sbj-know:pfv': /ti-n-maite/ [timːaite]

Furthermore, geminate consonants are preserved in a small number of loanwords, as in (6).

	- b. *nvujjo* /nvuɟːo/ [nvuɟːo] 'land tax (9)' (from Luganda)
	- c. *munaddiini* /munadːiːni/ [munadːiːni] 'devotee (1)' (from Luganda)

# **2.2 Vowels**

Ruruuli-Lunyala has a system of five phonemic vowel qualities. All five vowel qualities occur as short and long. There are two high vowels /i/, /u/, and two mid vowels /e/, /o/ and one low vowel /a/. The phonemic status of the short vowels is illustrated with the minimal pairs in (7).

2.2 Vowels

	- b. /a/ vs. /i/: *bamba* /βamba/ 'to crucify' vs. *bimba* /βimba/ 'to boil over'
	- c. /a/ vs. /o/: *mukali* /mukali/ 'woman (1)' vs. *mukoli* /mukoli/ 'worker (1)'
	- d. /a/ vs. /u/: *ibara* /iβara/ 'name (5)' vs. *ibura* /iβura/ 'scarcity (5)'
	- e. /e/ vs. /i/: *mega* /mega/ 'to plate' vs. *miga* /miga/ 'to press'
	- f. /e/ vs. /o/: *kema* /kema/ 'to groan' vs. *koma* /koma/ 'to stop'
	- g. /e/ vs. /u/: *gema* /gema/ 'to vaccinate' vs. *guma* /guma/ 'to be hard'
	- h. /i/ vs. /o/: *kifi* /kifi/ 'piece of meat (7)' vs. *kifo* /kifo/ 'place (7)'
	- i. /i/ vs. /u/: *mibiri* /miβiri/ 'bodies (8)' vs. *mubiri* /muβiri/ 'body (7)'
	- j. /o/ vs. /u/: *isomo* /isomo/ 'lesson (5)' vs. *isumo* /isumo/ 'spear (5)'

As was mentioned above, all five vowel qualities occur as short and long. Long vowels can be lexically specified, as illustrated in (8), or can arise through morphophonemic processes, e.g. due to the contact between heteromorphemic vowels, see Section 2.6.2.


e. /u/ vs. /uː/ *tuma* /tuma/ 'to send' vs. *tuuma* /tuːma/ 'to heap' *sula* /sula/ 'to spend a night' vs. *suula* /suːla/ 'chapter (9)'

As the examples above illustrate, vowel length is contrastive in Ruruuli-Lunyala. However, this contrast is not available in all contexts. Specifically, before

### 2 Phonology and orthography

word-internal nasal + obstruent sequences all vowels are realised long (see Section 2.6.3, see Hyman 1992, Downing 2005 for the discussion of this phenomenon in other Bantu languages).

Ruruuli-Lunyala also has three vowel sequences viz. /ai/, /ei/, and /oi/.<sup>1</sup> These sequences can occur word initially, medially or in the final position. They can be tautosyllabic (i.e. diphthongs), as in (9), or heterosyllabic, as in (10). Note that the vowel sequences cannot be tautosyllabic in the word initial position.



# **2.3 Phonological segments in loanwords**

A number of phonological segment not attested as phonemes in Ruuli are occasionally preserved in loanwords. Due to their marginal status, they are not listed in Table 2.1 and we refer to them as phonological segments and not as phonemes here.

The phonological segment /h/ appears in a handful of loanwords, e.g. *mahadi* 'disagreement' (a borrowing from Runyoro) and *swahabba* [swahaba] 'friend' (from Arabic). In the speech of some speakers, it undergoes phonological adaptation and is either realised as [w] or elided, e.g. *mahadi* 'disagreement' can be realised as [mawadi] or [maadi]. In such cases, all forms are entered in the dictionary, i.e. *mahadi*, *mawadi*, and *maadi*. With some words, the phonological segment /h/ is retained in the speech of all speakers, as in *swahabba* [swahaba]

<sup>1</sup>A small number of lexical items listed in the dictionary are spelled with <nia>, <nio>, and <nie>. These are not cases of further vowel sequences but a variation in the realisation of the nasal for which we currently do not have a conclusive analysis.

2.4 A note on tone

'friend' and thus only this form is entered in the dictionary. The word *Allah* is conventionally written with <h> but realised as [alaː].

The phonological segment /ʃ/ is attested in several loanwords and is represented as <sh> in the orthography, as e.g. in *gaalimooshi* 'train' and *shariya* 'sharia'. The phonological segment /tʃ/ is attested in several loanword and is represented as <ch> in the orthography, as e.g. *muchwezi* 'demigods who occupied the Bunyoro kingdom'.

# **2.4 A note on tone**

Ruruuli-Lunyala is a tonal language: tone is contrastive, i.e. it plays a role in distinguishing lexical items. A comprehensive study of the Ruruuli-Lunyala tone system is underway. The tone bearing unit is the mora (see also de Brito Gottlieb 2019).

Preliminary findings suggest that Ruruuli-Lunyala has H, L and Ø tonal values whereby H and L are phonologically activated. Based on the three tone values, several surface tones are realised, they include: HL e.g. *kifi* [kífì] 'piece of meat (7)', falling contour LH͡LL, e.g. *musale* [mùsáàlè] 'tree (3)', downstep HH<sup>↓</sup>H<sup>↓</sup>HL, e.g. *busigazi* [óβú<sup>↓</sup> sí<sup>↓</sup>gázì] 'teenage years (14)', downdrift HHL<sup>↓</sup>HL, e.g. ómúlà<sup>↑</sup>múlì 'judge', and raised low HHH<sup>↑</sup>L <sup>↓</sup>HL tone, e.g. éíbá<sup>↑</sup> ì ↓ zírò 'carpenter's workshop'. The falling contour tone is realised on either a long vowel, e.g. [mùsáàlè] 'tree' or a vowel followed by a syllabic nasal, e.g. [kìbáǹja] 'untitled piece of land'.

# **2.5 Syllable structure**

The following syllable types are attested in Ruruuli-Lunyala V, CV, CVV, N, CGV, NCV, NCVV, NCGV, CCVV, NGV, and in rare cases CCV. The variety of syllable structures in Ruruuli-Lunyala is illustrated in (11), with the relevant syllables given in bold font.

	- b. CV: *luma* [**lu.ma**] 'to bite', *mukira* [**mu.ki.ra**] 'tail (3)'
	- c. CVV: *munaala* [mu.**naː.**la] 'tower (3)', *teeba* [**teː.**βa] 'to guess', *matai* [ma.**tai**] 'milk (6)'
	- d. N: *mbuli* [**m.**bu.li] 'goat (1)', *nte* [**n**.te] 'cow (1)'
	- e. CGV: *mulekwa* [mu.le.**kwa**] 'orphan (1)', *amya* [a.**mja**] 'to ask formally'

### 2 Phonology and orthography


The most common syllable type is the CV type. This syllable type occurs in all word positions viz. word initially, medially and finally. The second most frequent syllable type is the NCV type. Single vowel syllables occur only word initially. A nasal that is immediately followed by an obstruent is analysed as a prenasalised consonant [NC] and as a part of the onset except in word-initial position, when the nasal is syllabic (see de Brito Gottlieb 2019).

Ruruuli-Lunyala noun stems can have a length of up to four syllables. The majority of noun stems are monosyllabic or disyllabic, though there are a number of trisyllabic noun stems and a rarer number of tetrasyllabic noun stems. Monosyllabic nouns and nouns with greater than five syllables are rare.

Most common underived verb root structure is disyllabic and trisyllabic. Furthermore, many verbal stems in the dictionary have lexicalised extensions and are thus longer (trisyllabic or tetrasyllabic). As other Bantu languages, Ruruuli-Lunyala has about a dozen monosyllabic verb roots with the underlying CV structure, such as *sya* /sia/ 'to grind', *gwa* /gua/ 'to fall', *zwa* /zua/ 'to go away', and *fa* /fua/ 'to die'.

# **2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes**

The processes described in this section are primarily morpho-phonological, since they occur when certain morphemes are combined into words. In the following sections we will consider some of the most common processes. The overview below is not exhaustive and a range of further processes can be covered only in a full-length reference grammar. We first consider processes which affect vowels. These are vowel height harmony discussed in Section 2.6.1, a range of processes

<sup>2</sup>The alternative pronunciation is [ku.so.ma], see Section 2.1.4.

<sup>3</sup>The alternative pronunciation is [ku.ko.la], see Section 2.1.4.

#### 2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes

involved in hiatus resolution discussed in Section 2.6.2, as well as some other morpho-phonological processes addressed in Section 2.6.3. We then proceed with processes affecting consonants and discuss palatalisation (Section 2.6.4), fortition (Section 2.6.5), as well as nasal assimilation (Section 2.6.6).

# **2.6.1 Vowel height harmony**

Vowel harmony involves agreement between all vowels within a certain phonological domain (typically a prosodic word or a morphologically defined domain) in some phonological property, such as height or tongue root position (see e.g. van der Hulst & van de Weijer 1995). This agreement is evidenced in allomorphic alternations when morphemes are combined into morphologically complex words. Vowel height harmony is a widespread characteristic of Bantu phonology (see e.g. Hyman 1999, 2019; Odden 2015; Downing & Mtenje 2017: 70; Lionnet & Hyman 2018). Bantu vowel height harmony is characterised by a restriction imposed on the vowels composing the stem, such that peripheral vowels /i/, /u/, and /a/ combine only with other peripheral vowels, while the non-peripheral vowels /e/ and /o/ combine with other mid vowels. The root initial vowel determines the harmony for the rest of the stem (excluding the final vowel on verbs).

Ruruuli-Lunyala roots obey the vowel height harmony (see Part II Dictionary). Furthermore, in Ruruuli-Lunyala the process of vowel height harmony operates in several morphological contexts determining the quality of the vowels in certain affixes. We first discuss the effects of vowel height harmony on the augments of nouns, as well as other hosts. We then proceed with a description of how vowel height harmony conditions the realisation of a range of verbal suffixes.

The augment *o-* harmonises with /u/ in the noun class prefixes of classes 1, 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 20, as in (12a), while the augment *e-* harmonises with /i/ of the noun class prefixes of classes 4, 5, 7, and 8, as in (12b), see Section 3.1.1 for an overview of nominal morphology. With the noun classes 2, 6, 12, and 22, the augment is realised as *a-*, as illustrated in (12c).

(12) a. Augment *o-*


### 2 Phonology and orthography


The discussion above does not mention the noun classes 9 and 10, which take the augment *e-*. Katamba (1984: 265–266) discusses the similar distribution of augments in Luganda and observes that with nouns of the noun classes 9 and 10 the vowel harmony rule was probably morphologically conditioned from the start and was never phonologically conditioned, as no Bantu language is known to have a front vowel in that class prefix and no convincing evidence has been provided for an alternative view.

In addition to the augments discussed above, a range of verbal suffixes harmonise with the root in Ruruuli-Lunyala. They are the perfective suffix *-ire/-ere*, as well as several extensions (see Section 3.3.7), namely, the applicative *-ir/-er*, causative *-isy/-esy*, passive *-ibw*/*-ebw*, and stative *-ik/-ek*. The respective suffixes surface with the vowel [i] when preceded by /i, u, a/ in the verb root, but with [e] when preceded by /e/ or /o/. These suffixes are discussed individually below.

The two vowel height-conditioned allomorphs of the perfective suffix are *-ire* [ire] and *-ere* [ere]. They are illustrated in (13). Further allomorphs of this suffix are discussed in Section 3.3.4.1.

(13) Perfective *-ire* [ire] vs. *-ere* [ere]

a. The perfective allomorph *-ire* [ire]


b. The perfective allomorph *-ere* [ere]


2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes


The examples in (14) illustrate the distribution of the two applicative allomorphs *-ir* [ir] and *-er* [er]. Section 3.3.7.1 discusses further allomorphs, whereas the functions of the applicative are addressed in Section 4.4.1.

(14) Applicative *-ir* [ir] vs. *-er* [er]


The examples in (15) illustrate the distribution of the two passive allomorphs *-ibw* [ibw] and *-ebw* [ebw]. For further details on the passive see Sections 3.3.7.3 and 4.4.3.

(15) Passive *-ibw* [ibw] vs. *-ebw* [ebw]




The vowel-height conditioned allomorphy of the causative suffix is illustrated in (16). Further allomorphs, as well as the various functions of the causative suffix are discussed in Sections 3.3.7.2 and 4.4.2 respectively.

### 2 Phonology and orthography

	- a. The causative allomorph *-isy* [isj]


b. The causative allomorph *-esj* [esj]


# **2.6.2 Hiatus resolution**

It is very common in Bantu languages for two vowels belonging to different morphemes to enter into direct contact and thus produce sequences of vowels. The term *vowel hiatus* is commonly used to refer to a sequence of adjacent vowels belonging to separate syllables (Casali 2011). Many languages have restrictions as to the contexts in which heterosyllabic vowel sequences can occur, while some languages eliminate them completely at the surface. Ruruuli-Lunyala is one of the languages which disallows V1.V2 sequences, and a range of repair strategies are available. They include glide formation (Section 2.6.2.1), vowel lengthening (Section 2.6.2.2), and vowel coalescence (Section 2.6.2.3).

## **2.6.2.1 Glide formation**

When the vowel /i/, /u/ and /o/ are followed by certain vowels they are realised as glides. Furthermore, when the first vowel is preceded by a consonant, the second vowel undergoes compensatory lengthening word medially (see Section 2.6.3 on word-final vowel shortening). The front vowel /i/ is realised as the palatal glide [j] when it precedes /a/, /e/, and /o/. The back vowels /u/ and /o/ are realised as the labial-velar glide [w] before /i/, /o/, /e/, and /a/.

Examples of glide formation in nouns resulting from the vowel hiatus between a prefix and a vowel-initial stem are provided in (17).

	- b. /mu-oɟo/ → *mwojo* [mwoːɟo] 'boy (1)'
	- c. /mu-iga/ → *mwiga* [mwiːga] 'river (3)'

2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes


Hiatus in verbs is common and occurs in a range of morphological contexts. The V1 is occupied by the vowel of one of the following prefixes: the subject prefixes with the vowels /u/ and /o/, such as *tu-* '1pl.sbj' (18e), *o-* '2sg.sbj' (18b), *mu-* '2pl.sbj', *gu-* '3sbj', etc., as well as the subject prefixes with the vowels /i/ and /e/, such as *ki-* '7sbj' and *e-* '9sbj' (see Table 3.9 in Section 3.3.1).

The V2 can be the past prefix *a-*, as in (18a)–(18b), the future prefix *a-*, and the reflexive prefix *ee-*, as in (18c)–(18e). If the first prefix has the shape CV, there is a compensatory vowel lengthening, but if the first prefix has the shape V, as e.g. in case of the prefix *o-* '2sg.sbj', there is no compensatory vowel lengthening. Note that the reflexive prefix *ee-* is itself long and remains long after the glide formation.

```
(18) a. tu- '2sg.sbj' + a- 'pst':
          /tu-a-koβ-a/
          → twakoba [twaːkoβa] 'we say'
      b. o- '2sg.sbj' + a- 'pst':
          /o-a-koβ-a/
          → wakoba [wakoβa] 'you said'
      c. o- '2sg.sbj' + ee- 'refl':
          /o-eː-tongan-a/
          → weetongana [weːtoːŋgana] 'you defend yourself'
      d. a- '1S' + ee- 'refl':
          /a-eː-king-a/
          → yeekinga [jeːkiːŋga] 'he covers himself'
      e. tu- '1plS' + ee- 'refl':
          /tu-ee-yimb-a/
          → tweyimba [tweːjiːmba] 'we unite ourselves'
```
Further contexts of vowel hiatus on the verb are created when the vowel-initial stem is preceded by a prefix with a vowel. The relevant prefixes are the ones already discussed above, as well as the object prefixes, and some TAM prefixes, such as the progressive *ku-*. A few examples are given in (19).

<sup>4</sup> In case of glide formation with the prefix *ki-*, the palatalisation rule applies to the output of the glide formation and results in surface forms without glides (see Section 2.6.4).

#### 2 Phonology and orthography

	- b. *ku-* 'inf' + a vowel-initial stem: /ku-aβj-a/ (inf-perform.last.funeral.rites-fv) → *kwabya* [kwaːβja] 'we performed them (the last funeral rites)'
	- c. *ku-* 'prog' + a vowel-initial stem: /gu-ku-ak-a/ (3sbj-prog-burn-fv) → *gukwaka* [gukwaːka] 'it (3) is burning'

Glide formation is also possible when suffixes attach to a monosyllabic verb stem, as in (20), as well as when vocalic suffixes, such as the causative *-y* /i/ and the passive *-w* /u/ attach to a verb stem and precede the final vowel *-a*, as in (21) (see Section 3.3.7). Note that vowel lengthening does not take place word finally, as in (20a) and (21a) (see Section 2.6.3).


Finally, we follow the analysis by Hyman & Katamba (1999) proposed for Luganda and assume that glide formation and compensatory lengthening also apply morpheme internally, as in (22).

(22) a. /kasiono/ → *kasyono* [kasjoːno] ' *Acacia hockii* (12)' b. /zualika/ → *zwalika* [zwaːlika] 'to sacrifice'

## **2.6.2.2 Vowel elision and compensatory lengthening**

When a non-high vowel precedes another vowel, the first vowel is deleted and the second one is lengthened. When the two vowels are identical, the combination results in the long vowel, as e.g. in (23c). The common contexts for this process are the concatenation of the noun class prefix with the nominal or verbal root, as in (23) and (24) respectively.

	- b. /a-βa-oro/ → *abooro* [aβ**oː**ro] 'poor man (2)'
	- c. /a-βa-ana/ → *abaana* [aβ**aː**na] 'child (2)'

2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes

(24) /βa-et-a/ → *beeta* [b**eː**ta] 'they call'

Furthermore, in the same fashion as outlined above vowel elision and the subsequent compensatory lengthening can occur across word boundaries. This is common when a noun is followed by a demonstrative, as in (25).

(25) a. /mwaːla oni/ → *mwala oni* [mwaːl**oː**ni] 'this girl' b. /emikisa edi/ → *emikisa edi* [emikis**eː**di] 'these blessings'

Vowel lengthening also takes place when the perfective suffix *-ire* or the applicative suffix *-ir* are imbricated with the verbal root, as described below in Sections 3.3.4.1 and 4.4.1 and illustrated in (26).

	- b. /a-kol-ir-a/ (1sbj-work-appl-fv) → *akoora* [ak**oː**ra] 's/he works for'

## **2.6.2.3 Vowel coalescence**

Vowel coalescence or vowel fusion is a process by which two vowels in hiatus merge into a single vowel in a way which can be considered an 'articulatory compromise' between the two input segments (see de Haas 1988: 84). This means that adjoining segments fuse into one element such that the new segment is phonologically distinct from the ones in the input. In Ruruuli-Lunyala vowel coalescence occurs only in a very limited context, namely, between the root vowel of monosyllabic verbs and the applicative suffix *-ir*, as in (27).

	- b. /wa-ir-a/ → *weera* [w**eː**ra] 'to give (appl)'

# **2.6.3 Other vowel phonological processes**

A range of other less common phonological processes occur in Ruruuli-Lunyala. This section addresses only the most common ones and discusses the final vowel shortening, the vowel lengthening before nasal clusters, as well as the shortening of trimoraic sequences of vowels.

### 2 Phonology and orthography

Similarly to what has been reported for closely related languages, such as Luganda (see e.g. Hyman et al. 1987, Hyman & Katamba 1990), also in Ruruuli-Lunyala no long vowels occur at the end of a phonological word. The examples in (28) illustrates the application of this process: The application of the compensatory lengthening as a result of glide formation (see Section 2.6.2) should have produced a long final vowel, however, the surface realisation has a short vowel. It remains a topic of further studies to account for the intricacies of this process when applied to clitic groups and various parts of speech.

	- b. /ku-baz-isi-a/ (inf-talk-caus-fv) → *kubazisya* [kubazisja] 'to cause to talk'

All vowels are automatically lengthened before a nasal followed by obstruent sequence. Some examples are provided in (29), further examples can be found throughout the grammar sketch where the surface realization is provided.

(29) a. *musengi* /musengi/ [museːŋgi] 'new settler (1)' b. *lusimbo* /lusimbo/ [lusiːmbo] 'planting season (11)'

Trimoraic sequences of vowels within a word are shortened to bimoraic sequences. This happens when a combination of prefixes or of prefixes and a root result in a trimoraic sequences, as in (30a). Another context of vowel shortening arises when the perfective suffix *-ire* is attached to a verb root with a long vowel in the root final syllable and ending in a liquid. When this happens, the liquid is deleted leading to a sequence of three vowels, as in (30b). The trimoraic sequence is then also shortened to a bimoraic sequence.

	- b. /gwaːraːr-ire/ (be.at.peace-pfv)

```
→ [gwaːraː-ire]
```
→ *gwaaraire* [gwaːraire] 'be at peace (pfv)'

# **2.6.4 Palatalisation**

Palatalisation occurs when the palatal characteristics of the assimilator are transferred to the assimilee. Place-changing palatalisation affects the phonemes /k/ and /g/: in certain contexts they are realised as [c] and [ɟ] respectively when

#### 2.6 Phonological and morpho-phonological processes

they precede the high vowel /i/ or the glide /j/, as in (31) and (32). This process seems to apply without exceptions in the cases of prefixes, but it is less common in other contexts, cf. (33). Note that the orthography does not reflect the palatalisation (see Section 2.7.3).

	- b. /ki-aka/ → *kyaka* [kyaaka] → [caːka] 'heartburn (7)'
	- c. /a-kya-li/ (1sbj-pers-be) → *akyali* [acaːli] 's/he is still'
	- b. /gi-a-eːre/ (4sbj-pst-yield:pfv) → [gjaːjeːre] → [ɟaːjeːre] /gyayere/ 'it (4) yielded'

# **2.6.5 Postnasal fortition**

Fortition as a phonological process is based on the notion of "strength" (or degree of stricture) of consonants. The strength hierarchy is as follows: voiceless plosives > voiced plosives > voiceless fricatives > voiced fricatives > nasals > liquids > glides >low vowels >mid vowels >high vowels (Vennemann 1988). In other words, fortition involves a change where a relatively weak sound moves from right to left along the scale of strength. In Ruruuli-Lunyala liquids /l/ and /r/ and other approximants, such as /j/ and /w/, change into stops after nasals, as in (34).

(34) a. /n-li/ (1sg.sbj-be) → *ndi* [ndi] 'I am' b. /n-li-tegesj-a/ (1sg.sbj-5obj-use-fv) → *nditegesya* [nditegesja] 'I use it (5)'

> c. /n-weːrj-a/ (1sg.obj-give-fv) → *mpeerya* [mpeːrja] 'give me'

# **2.6.6 Nasal place assimilation**

In Ruruuli-Lunyala a nasal assimilates to the place of articulation of the immediately following consonant. The context for this process is common with noun

### 2 Phonology and orthography

class 9 and 10 noun prefixes *n-*, as in (35), and the first person singular subject and object prefix *n-*, as in (36). In these nasal consonant sequences, the nasal and the following consonant share the same place of articulation as a result of place feature assimilation of the nasal to the following consonant. Thus, the respective prefixes are realised as the bilabial nasal [m] before the labial /p/ and /b/, as the velar nasal [ŋ] before velar consonants /k/ and /g/, and as the palatal nasal [ɲ] before /ɟ/, /c/, and /j/. The alveolar [n] is found in all other contexts.

	- b. /n-buli/ → *mbuli* [mbuli] 'goat (9)'
	- c. /n-puku/ → *mpuku* [mpuku] 'cave (9)'
	- d. /n-ɟagi/ → *njagi* [ɲɟagi] 'tango eggplant (9)'
	- e. /n-goma/ → *ngoma* [ŋgoma] 'gizzard (9)'
	- b. /n-wa-a/ (1sg.sbj-give-fv) → *mpa* [mpa] 'I give'
	- c. /n-cuːw-a/ (1sg.sbj-be\_satisfied-fv) → *ncuːwa* [ɲcuwa] 'I am satisfied'
	- d. /n-βal-a/ (1sg.sbj-count-fv) → *mbala* [mbala] 'I count'
	- e. /n-kam-a/ (1sg.sbj-milk-fv) → *nkama* [ŋkama] 'I milk'

Morpheme-internally, one only finds homorganic nasal consonant sequences, non-homorganic sequences are not attested.

# **2.7 Orthography**

The Ruruuli-Lunyala orthography is being developed by the speakers' community with the assistance of SIL and in this section we summarise the rules developed by this collaboration and adopted in this dictionary and grammar sketch. We start with phoneme-grapheme correspondences in Section 2.7.1. We then discuss a range of special cases, which might be challenging and are less intuitive to native speakers, including the use of double consonants (Section 2.7.2), the use of the graphemes <g> vs. <j> and <k> vs. <c> (Section 2.7.3), the use of <l> vs. <r> (Section 2.7.4), as well as the spelling of loanwords (Section 2.7.5). The use of capital letters is discussed in Section 2.7.6. We then proceed with the practical orthographic conventions going beyond the use of graphemes and discuss the word division (Section 2.7.7) and the use of the apostrophe (Section 2.7.8).

2.7 Orthography

# **2.7.1 Phoneme-grapheme correspondence**

The letters (graphemes and digraphs) listed in (37) are used in the orthography to represent the sounds of Ruruuli-Lunyala. The overview also provides the underlying phonological representation in slashes /…/, as well as the surface realisation (i.e. the actual pronunciation) in square brackets […] and thus highlights some of the differences between these three levels of representation. The orthographic representation follows a number of further rules discussed and illustrated in what follows.

(37) Phoneme-grapheme correspondences with examples


### 2 Phonology and orthography


Long vowels are represented by doubling the respective vowel grapheme, i.e. with <aa>, <ee>, <ii>, <oo>, <uu>. In a number of context, vowels are always phonetically long and these cases of predictable vowel lengthening are indicated by the respective single grapheme. This happens in two major contexts. First, when a vowel follows a combination of a consonant and a glide word-internally, it is always lengthened, in the orthography, the respective vowel is represented by a single vowel grapheme, as in (38a), see the discussion of glide formation and compensatory vowel lengthening in Section 2.6.2.1. Second, all vowels before a nasal cluster (i.e. a cluster of a nasal and an obstruent) are realised as long vowels, as in (38b), but represented with a single vowel grapheme.

	- b. Nasal cluster *nsonga* [nsoːŋga] 'reason (9)' *macunda* [macuːnda] 'yoghurt (6)'

# **2.7.2 Double consonant graphemes**

Double consonant graphemes are written in two situations in Ruruuli-Lunyala. First, the phoneme /b/ is represented by <bb> orthographically to distinguish it from the phoneme /β/ written as <b>. Double consonant graphemes <nn> and <mm> are written when the first person subject prefix *n-* attaches to a verb root beginning with a nasal consonant, as in (39). In the case of the digraph <ny>, the prefixed form is represented by <nny>, as in (39c).

2.7 Orthography


# 'I have rolled'

# **2.7.3 Graphemes <g> vs. <j> and <k> vs. <c>**

In many contexts, we write <g> or <j> when they represent /g/ and /ɟ/ respectively and are realised as [g] or [ɟ], following the conventions outlined in (37). However, the consonant /g/ is palatalised and realised as [ɟ] in certain contexts before the front vowels /i/ and /e/ or by the glide /j/ (see Section 2.6.4 on palatalisation). Specifically, this affects the agreement prefix *gi-* of the noun class 4, as in (40a), as well as the agreement prefix *gi-* of class 9 in the varieties which have this prefix variant. Despite the palatalisation, we write <g> in these cases.

Similarly, in many contexts, we write <k> or <c> when they represent /k/ and /c/ respectively and are realised as [k] or [c], following the conventions outlined in (37). However, the phonemes /k/ is palatalised in some contexts before the high front vowel /i/ or the glide /j/ and is realised as [c]. This happens systematically with the class 7 prefix /ki/ both on the respective nouns and on various agreement targets, as in (40b) where depending on the context the prefix is either spelled as <ki> or as <ky>. The palatalisation is also possible but less common in some other contexts, as e.g. within verbs, as in (40c).

(40) a. Emisaale [emisaːle e-misaale aug-4.tree gini ɟini gi-ni 4-prox gisai. ɟisai] gi-sai 4-good 'These trees are good.'

### 2 Phonology and orthography

b. Kampala [kaːmpala Kampala 1.Kampala nikyo nico ni-kyo cop-7 kibuga ciβuga kibuga 7.city kya ca kya 7.gen Uganda ugaːnda Uganda 1.Uganda ekikulu. ecikulu] e-ki-kulu aug-7-principal 'Kampala is Uganda's capital city.' c. okwikiriza [okwiːkiriza]/[okwiːciriza] o-ku-kiriz-a

'to believe'

aug-inf-believe-fv

# **2.7.4 Graphemes <r> and <l>**

As discussed in Section 2.1, /l/ and /r/ are two distinct phonemes in the speech of some speakers and are written as <l> and <r> respectively, as illustrated in (41).

	- b. <r> represents /r/: *bujura* 'drizzle (14)', *sora* 'to harvest', *wuura* 'to hear'

The phoneme /l/ is pronounced as [r] before the front vowels /e/ and /i/ and this alternation is reflected in the orthography, as the examples in (42) illustrate.

	- b. *Muli* [muli] *bantu babbi*. 'You are bad people.' vs. *Ekyo nimwo kiri* [ciri]. 'That's how it is.'

Though both major varieties Ruruuli and Lunyala distinguish /l/ and /r/ in certain phonological context and minimal pairs exist in both varieties, in a number of lexical items in Lunyala the realisation with [l] corresponds to the realisation with [r] in Ruruuli. For these lexical items, two spelling variants are included into the dictionary and cross-referenced accordingly.

# **2.7.5 Loan words**

The orthography of loan words reflects their pronunciation, as in (43).

2.7 Orthography

(43) *mupolotesitanti* 'Protestant (1), *vanisi* 'varnish (1)', *kampuni* 'company (9)', *vesiti* 'vest (9), *videyo* 'video (9)', *nekileesi* 'necklace (9)', *vanila* 'vanilla (1a)'

Furthermore, the orthography of place names that have been indigenised reflects their pronunciation by Ruruuli-Lunyala native speakers, as in (44a). Similarly, personal names which have been indigenised are written to reflect their pronounciation, as in (44b).

(44) a. *Yerusaalemi* 'Jerusalem (9)', *Galiraaya* 'Galilee (1)' b. *Kalooli* 'Charles (1)', *Pawulo* 'Paul (1)', *Meere* 'Mary (1)'

A number of phonological segments not attested as phonemes in Ruuli are occasionally preserved in loanwords. Specifically, the grapheme <h> appears in a handful of loanwords to represent the phonological segment /h/, e.g. *mahadi* 'disagreement' (a borrowing from Runyoro) and *swahabba* [swahaba] 'friend' (from Arabic). As in the speech of some speakers, it undergoes phonological adaptation and is either realised as [w] or elided, alternative orthographic representations are added to the dictionary and cross-references, e.g. both *mahadi* and *maadi* 'disagreement'. On rare occasions, this segment is retained in the speech of all speakers, as in *swahabba* [swahaba] 'friend' and only this form is entered in the dictionary. The word *Allah* is conventionally written with <h> but realised as [alaː].

Two further phonological segments occur only in loanwords. The phonological segment /ʃ/ is attested in several loanword and is represented as <sh> in the orthography, as e.g. in *gaalimooshi* 'train' and *shariya* 'sharia'. The phonological segment /tʃ/ is attested in several loanword and is represented as <ch> in the orthography, as e.g. *muchwezi* 'demigods who occupied the Bunyoro kingdom'.

# **2.7.6 Capitalisation**

The first word of every sentence is capitalised. Furthermore, capitalisation applies to proper nouns, such as names of people, places, and clans, as well as to days of the week and names of months. Two cases are to be distinguished: With names of people and places, the first letter of the stem is always capitalised. This leads to the situation that some sentences start with two capital letters. This happens when the first word is a proper name of a person or a name of a place and has an augment, which is also capitalised, as e.g. on *OKato* in (45a). Sentence internally only the first letter of the stem is capitalised, as in *oKato* in (45b).

#### 2 Phonology and orthography

	- b. OIsingoma o-Isingoma aug-1.Isingoma ayanana a-yanan-a 1sbj-resemble-fv oKato. o-Kato aug-1.Kato 'Isingoma resembles Kato.'

Other nouns listed above (e.g. the names of languages and ethnic groups, the names of the days of the week) have only one letter capitalised. Sentence-medially, this is the first letter of the stem, which can be preceded by an augment, which is not capitalised. However, when such a proper noun occurs at the beginning of a sentence and has an augment, then the augment is capitalised and the first letter of the stem is in lowercase, compare the word for Baganda in the first lines of the two examples in (46).

(46) a. Eirai e-irai aug-in\_the\_past abakali a-bakali aug-2.woman aBaganda a-Baganda aug-2.Baganda tibalyanga ti-ba-li-a-nga neg-2sbj-eat-fv-hab ntaama. ntaama 9.mutton 'In the past, Baganda women used not to eat mutton.' b. Abaganda a-Baganda aug-2.Baganda bangiriza ba-angiriz-a 2sbj-praise-fv muno muno much oKanca. o-Kanca aug-1.god 'The Baganda praise God a lot.'

# **2.7.7 Word division**

In addition to all nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, the following word classes and grammatical markers are written disjunctively: locatives (Section 3.1.6), conjunctions, genitive markers (Section 4.3.2), object relative pronoun (Section 4.3.5), demonstrative and possessive pronouns (Sections 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 respectively), as well as question words (Section 4.5.2). Some examples are provided in (47).

2.7 Orthography

(47) a. Conjunctions and locatives

Izukira izukir-a remember-fv **ni** ni when twairukiire tu-a-iruk-iire 1pl.sbj-pst-run-appl:pfv **oku** o-ku aug-17.loc Lango. Lango Lango 'Remember when we ran to Lango.'

b. Genitive and demonstrative pronouns abakali **ba** biro **bini**

a-bakali aug-2.woman ba 2.gen biro 8.time bi-ni 8-prox 'today's women'

c. Relative pronouns

Tulina tu-lin-a 1pl.sbj-have-fv onyonyi o-nyonyi aug-1.bird **gwe** gwe 1.rel bayeta ba-et-a 2sbj-call-fv okisyo. o-kisyo aug-1.weaver.bird 'We have a bird which they call weaver bird.'

All reduplicated forms represent a single word and are thus written as one orthographic word, as in (48).

	- b. Adverbs: *bbugubbugu* 'luminously', *biralebirale* 'carelessly'
	- c. Nouns: *bukiikikiiki* 'supremacy (14)', *kagembegembe* 'scapula bone (12)'

All compounds are written as one orthographic word, as in (49).

	- b. *wamukwano* 'friend (1)', *wambalaasi* 'horseman (1)' (compounds with the genitive particle of the noun class 1 *wa*)

The standard negation prefix *ti-* is written in one word with the respective verb, as in (50a), whereas the negative copula *ti* used for non-verbal predication is written as a separate orthographic word, as in (50b) and (50c) (see Section 3.3.6).

(50) a. Tinkwaba.

ti-n-ku-ab-a neg-1sg.sbj-prog-go-fv 'I am not going.'

2 Phonology and orthography


# **2.7.8 Apostrophe**

The apostrophe is used to mark the elision of a vowel and respectively of a letter in the following contexts: (a) when the clausal conjunction *ni* 'and', *ni* 'when' or *nga* 'while' precedes the vowel, as in (51); (b) when *ni* is used as the comitative/instrumental preposition ('with') or as the conjunction 'and' to link noun phrases precedes the vowel.

	- b. Oteesimba o-ti-esimb-a 2sg.sbj-neg-stand-fv ku ku 17.loc iteewo iteewo 1.your\_father ng' nga conj akulya. a-ku-li-a 1sbj-prog-eat-fv 'Don't stand next to your father while he is eating.'

This chapter covers the basics of inflectional morphology and addresses some aspects of derivation morphology. We will first consider the inflectional morphology of nouns and pronouns (Sections 3.1 and 3.2). We then proceed with the inflectional categories of the verb (Section 3.3). Further sections are dedicated to adjectives (Section 3.4) and adverbs (Section 3.5). Finally, Section 3.6 discusses some aspects of derivational morphology.

# **3.1 Nouns**

This section provides an outline of the morphological structure of Ruruuli-Lunyala nouns. It describes the noun class system and discusses issues of number and meaning relating to the noun classes and noun class pairs. It also addresses some aspects of nominal derivation.

As in other Bantu languages, most nouns in Ruruuli-Lunyala consist of at least a nominal prefix and a stem. Every word form of a noun belongs to a particular noun class and in many cases the prefix taken by a word form of a noun signals the noun class to which it belongs. However, some nouns do not have such noun prefixes, and ultimately the allocation of a noun to a noun class is determined by the agreement prefixes (or concord) on various targets within a clause, e.g. on verbs (Section 3.3.1) or adjectives (Section 3.4) and not by the prefix on the noun itelf.

It is common to describe Bantu nouns in pairs of two classes so that one represents the word-form in the singular and the other one represents the word-form in the plural.<sup>1</sup> These pairs of singular and plural forms are occasionally referred to as *gender* in Bantu linguistics (e.g. in Katamba 2003: 103) and we will use this term as well as the term *singular-plural pairing*.in this grammar. Some nouns do not undergo such a pairing, i.e. they have only one form, either the one which corresponds to a singular or the one which corresponds to a plural form. These are so called mono-classes, which are discussed in Section 3.1.3. Which gender

<sup>1</sup> For a recent critique of the traditional treatment of gender systems in Niger-Congo and some alternative suggestions, see Güldemann & Fiedler (2019).

a noun belongs to (i.e. singular-plural noun class pair or mono-class, if a noun has only one word-form) is lexically determined, though the allocation to some genders can be semantically motivated. The Dictionary part of this book (Part II) indicates the singular-plural pair of noun classes for each Ruruuli-Lunyala noun.

Noun classes in the Bantu languages are traditionally numbered from 1 to 23 depending on the assumed relationship to the respective noun classes in Proto-Bantu (see e.g. Van de Velde 2019). Individual Bantu languages regularly have fewer than 23 noun classes, that is, some noun classes are unattested in individual languages. In Ruruuli-Lunyala, there are 18 non-locative noun classes, as well as four locative ones. Correspondences to Proto-Bantu classes 19 and 21 are not attested.

As in some other Bantu languages, in addition to the noun class prefixes, the nominal prefix in Ruruuli-Lunyala is frequently preceded by a vowel prefix traditionally referred to as *augment*, *pre-prefix* or *initial vowel*. However, if the stem itself begins with an identical vowel, as is occasionally the case with loanwords and proper names, the augment cannot be prefixed, as e.g. *akaivu* (\**eakaivu*) 'archive (9)' or *Alena* (\**oAlena*) 'Alena (1a)'.

Below, we first provide an overview of the individual classes and discuss the various allomorphs (Section 3.1.1). We then proceed with the presentation of noun class pairings (Section 3.1.2) and discuss unpaired groups of nouns (Section 3.1.3). Next, the issue of noun class reassignment and diminutive and augmentative derivation are discussed in Section 3.1.4. Section 3.1.6 discusses locative noun classes.

# **3.1.1 Overview of the noun class system**

Most nouns have segmentable noun class prefixes cognate to the ones found in many other Bantu languages. Ruruuli-Lunyala noun class prefixes are very similar to the ones reconstructed for Proto-Bantu (cf. e.g. the overview in Maho 1999: 247). Table 3.1 gives an overview of the class prefixes, the respective augments, and examples. The locative noun classes, viz. classes 16, 17, 18, and 23, are treated separately in Section 3.1.6. Only one noun in the dictionary (*(a)waikirwa* 'reception') was identified as inherently belonging to class 16.

A number of nouns, however, deviate from this pattern and do not have any prefix in the singular form. When nouns in the singular form have varying prefixes (including zero), but have the same plural form and trigger the same agreement on various targets, it is common to allocate them to subclasses labelled as the respective class plus a letter, e.g. 1a (cf. Van de Velde 2019). Whereas most of such subclasses and their labels are language specific, the subclass commonly


Table 3.1: Noun classes and noun class prefixes

labelled class 1a following Doke (1927) occurs throughout Bantu. The nouns of noun class 1a are characterised by the absence of any noun class prefix, but otherwise behave like regular class 1 nouns. In Ruruuli-Lunyala, as in other Bantu languages, this class typically contains proper names, kinship terms, personified animals and borrowings. This subclass is explicitly indicated as 1a in the dictionary (see Part II Dictionary).

In Ruruuli-Lunyala several further subclasses can be postulated. Similarly to class 1a, these contain nouns which lack a noun class prefix but trigger agreement of the respective noun class. Thus, in addition to a large subclass 1a, there is a sizeable subclass 9a, as well as small subclasses 3a, 5a, 10a, 12a, and 14a with just a few words each. For instance, only two lexemes belong to class 3a viz. *gulyo* 'right side, right hand' and *gumoso* 'left side, left hand'.

No noun in the dictionary inherently belongs to the noun classes 20 and 22. The respective prefixes are used derivationally to form augmentative nouns. They substitute the inherent noun class prefixes, as discussed in Section 3.1.4. Furthermore, only one noun in the dictionary belongs to class 13, viz. *tulo* 'sleep'. Otherwise the respective prefix *tu-* is used derivationally for diminutive formation.

Most noun class prefixes have phonologically conditioned allomorphs. Thus, before vowels *mu-* '1' and '3' is realised as *mw-*, *lu-* '11' as *lw-*, *tu-* '13' as *tw-*, *bu-* '14' as *bw-*, *ku-* '15' as *kw-*, and *gu-* '20' as *gw-* (see Section 2.6.2.1 on glide formation). Following the same rule, *mi-* '4' is realised as *my-*, *li-* (or *ri-*) '5b' as *ly-* (or *ry-*), *ki-* '7' as *ky-*, and *bi-* '8' as *by-*.

The process of nasal assimilation discussed in Section 2.6.6 determines the realisation of the noun class 9 and 10 prefix *n-*: it is realised as *m-* before the labials /b/ and /p/ and as [ŋ] (<n> in the orthography) before the velar consonants /k/ and /g/.

# **3.1.2 Singular-plural pairings**

Most nouns (slightly over 70%) have both a singular and a plural form, which belong to two different classes. As in many other Bantu languages, nouns from a specific class in the singular form take a plural form from a corresponding noun class in the plural. However, there are exceptions to this generalisation. Of over 4400 nouns in paired noun classes the most common pairs (in descending order) are 7/8, 9/10, 1/2, 1a/2, 1a/10, and 3/4. When counted together, the pairs 1/2 and 1a/2 comprise the most frequent singular-plural pairing. Table 3.2 lists attested pairings and provides examples. The size of these classes is large: all but the pairings 5a/6 and 5b/6 have over a hundred nouns.

3.1 Nouns


Table 3.2: Singular-plural pairings

# **3.1.3 Unpaired noun classes**

Whereas most nouns have both a singular and plural word-form, quite a few nouns occur just in one class and lack either their singular or their plural counterpart. The respective classes and some examples are given in (1).

	- b. Class 1a: *(o)∅- (o)bbungu* 'alcoholic beverage made from cassava and sorghum (1a)' (over 250 nouns)
	- c. Class 3: *(o)mu- (o)mukyamu* 'neighbourhood (3)', *(o)mulikiirya* 'darkness (3), *(o)mwika* 'smoke, gas (3)' (about 80 nouns)
	- d. Class 4: *(e)mi- (e)misinde* 'speed, running (4)', *(e)misinga* 'copper (4)' (a few nouns)
	- e. Class 5: *(e)i- (e)iyali* 'envy, jealousy (5)', *(e)idembe* 'freedom (5)' (about 90 nouns)
	- f. Class 6: *(a)mananu* 'truth (6)' (about 180 nouns)
	- g. Class 7: *(e)ki- (e)kyamukisa* 'fortune (7)', *(e)kibbaluka* 'sudden death (7)' (about 100 nouns)
	- h. Class 8: *(e)bi- (e)bimira* 'mucus (8)' (about 50 nouns)


# **3.1.4 Diminutive and augmentative derivation**

Nouns from various noun classes can be reassigned to classes 12, 13, 14, 20, and 22 to derive diminutives and augmentatives. In this case, the inherent noun class prefix, if there is one, is replaced by the prefix of one of these five classes. Whereas no noun in the dictionary inherently belongs to classes 20 and 22, many nouns inherently belong to classes 12 and 14. Only one noun (*o-tulo* 'sleep', a loan word from Luganda) inherently belongs to class 13.

Classes 12, 13, and 14 are used to form diminutive nouns. Count nouns form the diminutive by being reassigned to class 12 in the singular form and to class 14 in the plural form, as in (2) and (3) respectively.

	- a. *a-kaana* 'a small child (12)' from *a-mwana* 'child (1)'
	- b. *a-kantu* 'a little thing (12)' from *e-kintu* 'thing (7)'
	- c. *a-kasente* 'little money (12) from *e-sente* 'money (9)'
	- a. *o-bwana* 'small children (14)' from *a-baana* 'children (2)'
	- b. *o-busaale* 'small trees (14)' from *e-misaale* 'trees (4)'

Mass nouns form the diminutive with the meaning of scarcity or a small amount by being reassigned primarily to class 13, as in (4). The diminutive of mass nouns primarily with affective values of endearment is obtained by the reassignment to classes 12 or 14, as in (5).

## 3.1 Nouns

	- a. *o-tuceere* 'a little rice (13)' from *o-muceere* 'rice (3)'
	- b. *o-tusukaali* 'a little sugar (13)' from *o-sukaali* 'sugar (1a)'
	- c. *o-tumere* 'a little food (13)' from *e-mere* 'food (9)'
	- a. *a-kasukaali* 'a little sugar (12)' from *o-sukaali* 'sugar (1a)'
	- b. *o-bu-sukaali* 'a little sugar (14)' from *o-sukaali* 'sugar (1a)'
	- c. *a-kamere* 'a little food (12)' from *e-mere* 'food (9)'
	- d. *o-bumere* 'a little food (14)' from *e-mere* 'food (9)'

Classes 20 and 22 are used to form augmentative nouns. Singular count nouns are reassigned to class 20, whereas plural count nouns are reassigned to class 22, as in (6) and (7) respectively. Mass nouns form the augmentative by being reassigned to class 22, as in (8).

	- a. *o-gusolo* 'large animal (20)' from *e-kisolo* 'animal (7)'
	- b. *o-gutimba* 'large python (20)' from *o-itimba* 'python (1a)'
	- a. *a-gasolo* 'large animals (22)' from *e-kisolo* 'animal (7)'
	- b. *a-gaitimba* 'large pythons (22)' from *o-itimba* 'python (1a)'
	- a. *a-gasukaali* 'a lot of sugar (22)' from *o-sukaali* 'sugar (1a)'
	- b. *a-gamere* 'a lot of food (22)' from *e-mere* 'food (9)'

The nouns with the augmentative and diminutive noun class prefixes often have affective values: the diminutive is used to express endearment and affection, whereas the augmentative is used to express repulsion or fear. For instance, in addition to meaning 'a large animal', *a-gusolo* in (6) can also mean 'a bad animal', 'an ugly animal' or 'a dangerous animal'. With affective values the respective classes seem to be even more productive than with the purely augmentative and diminutive semantics.

# **3.1.5 Noun class assignment of loanwords**

Ruruuli-Lunyala has borrowed quite a number of nouns from other languages, primarily from Luganda and English or from other languages via Luganda and English. Loan nouns are modified to fit into the language structure. Most loan nouns from English are assigned to class 9 in the singular form and to class 10 in the plural form, if there is a plural counterpart. Some are assigned to class 1a or 1 in the singular and to class 2 in the plural if there is a plural counterpart. Some examples are provided in (9).

	- b. Class 1a: *(o)kalifoomu* 'chloroform', *(o)vanisi* 'varnish', *(o)meeya* 'mayor'
	- c. Class 1: *(o)mupolotesitanti* 'Protestant'

Nouns borrowed from Luganda are assigned to various noun classes in Ruruuli-Lunyala. The assignment is mostly conditioned by the respective noun class prefix already present in Luganda. Some examples are provided in (10).

	- b. Class 7: *(e)kibonerezo* 'punishment'
	- c. Class 14: *(o)bumanyirivu* 'experience'

# **3.1.6 Locative noun classes**

In addition to the classes discussed in the previous sections, Bantu languages also have what are traditionally called *locative classes*. The respective markers are additive, i.e. they do not substitute the inherent noun class prefix but precede it. They are typically used to mark syntactic adjuncts, but also mark arguments of some verbs with non-canonical argument marking valency frames. In Ruruuli-Lunyala, the locative classes 16, 17, 18 and 23 are attested. In contrast to most other nominal prefixes, locative class prefixes are written as separate orthographic words. Locative markers are preceded by their respective augments, and the noun itself does not take an augment, as in (11).

Class 17 is the semantically least specific locative class; it denotes a general location in space and time. When used with motion verbs, it often translates as 'towards' or 'from', as in (11a). Class 18 expresses interiority, as in (11b). Class 23 is typically used with proper place names, as in (11c). Furthermore, the locative

## 3.2 Pronouns

classes can be subcategorised for by individual verbs, e.g. the intransitive bivalent verb *singaanisya* 'to compete' takes two arguments: the participant of the competition and the kind of competition itself. This second argument is marked by the locative class 18, as in (11d).

	- b. Yaboine a-a-boine 1sbj-pst-see:pfv oitimba o-itimba aug-1.python omu o-mu aug-18.loc kisiko. kisiko 7.bush 'He saw a python in the bush.'
	- c. Twayaba tu-a-ab-a 1pl.sbj-fut-go-fv e e 23.loc Kampala. Kampala 1.Kampala 'We will go to Kampala.'
	- d. Bakusingaanisya ba-ku-singaanisy-a 1sbj-prog-compete-fv mu mu 18.loc misinde. misinde 4.athletics 'They are competing in athletics.'

In contrast to the locative classes 17, 18, and 23, the class 16 prefix is not used with nouns.<sup>2</sup> Instead, the class 16 agreement prefix is commonly used with demonstratives (see Section 3.2.2), as well as in existential and locative constructions with the copula *li* translated as 'there is/are', as in (12) (see Section 4.2 on non-verbal predication for more examples).

(12) Waliwo wa-li=wo 16sbj-cop=16.loc enjawulo. e-njawulo. aug-9.difference 'There is a difference.'

# **3.2 Pronouns**

In this section we present the morphology of Ruruuli-Lunyala pronouns. Section 3.2.1 discusses personal pronouns. Section 3.2.2 presents the demonstrative

<sup>2</sup>Only one noun inherently belongs to class 16, viz. *(a)waikirwa* 'reception'.

pronouns. The morphology of the possessive pronouns is outlined in Section 3.2.3. The way in which these pronouns are used in noun phrases is discussed in Section 4.3.

# **3.2.1 Personal pronouns**

Personal pronouns of the first and second person are given in Table 3.3.


Table 3.3: Personal pronouns of the first and second person

Independent personal pronouns are not frequently used in Ruruuli-Lunyala. The most common context for their usage involves topicalisation and in this case they are frequently left-dislocated.<sup>3</sup> Speakers regularly translate such constructions into English with a *for*-phrase, as in (13). In most cases the personal pronouns are coreferential with the subject argument of the clause, as in (13a) and (13b). However they can be coreferential with other arguments and nonarguments, e.g. a possessor, as in (13c).


<sup>3</sup> Independent personal pronouns are uncommon in cases of non-verbal predication; instead a copula with a respective subject index is obligatorily used instead, see Section 4.2.

3.2 Pronouns

c. Nje nje 1sg abaana a-baana aug-2.child bange ba-a-nge 2-assoc-1sg tibamaite. ti-ba-maite neg-2sbj-know:pfv 'As for me, my children don't know.'

The forms of third person personal pronouns are mostly systematic and are given in Table 3.4. They are composed of the respective noun class prefix followed by the stem *o*. The only exception is the pronoun for the noun class 1, which has the form *ye*. These forms are infrequent in discourse. An example of their usage is given in (14).

(14) Musaale musaale 3.tree gukooto. gu-kooto 3-big Gwo gwo 3 tegutwala te-gu-twal-a neg-3sbj-take-fv emyaka e-myaka aug-4.year zingi. zi-ingi 4-many 'It is a big tree. It doesn't take many years (to grow).'


Table 3.4: Personal pronouns of the third person

The pronominal forms discussed in this section are frequently followed by the additive focus marker *-na*. Two examples are provided in (15).

(15) a. *Njena nkukoba kini.*

nje-na 1sg-add.foc n-ku-kob-a 1sg.sbj-prog-say-fv ki-ni 7-prox 'I also say this.'

b. *Iswena nitukyuka.* iswe-na 1pl-add.foc ni-tu-kyuk-a nar-1pl.sbj-change-fv 'We also changed.'

# **3.2.2 Demonstrative pronouns**

Ruruuli-Lunyala distinguishes three series of demonstratives which indicate different degrees of spatial distance from the speaker, viz. proximal, medial and distal locations. The demonstratives also have a range of non-spatial deictic uses. The proximal demonstrative has the stem *ni* in Ruruuli and *nu* in Lunyala. The form of the medial demonstrative is *o*. The form of the distal demonstrative is *di*. The agreeing forms are listed in Table 3.5.

The forms are partially predictable: demonstrative stems take noun class agreement prefixes of the same form as on other hosts (e.g. on adjectives). In addition, some demonstratives – including all of the medial demonstratives – have an augment-like prefix identical in form to the regular augment of the respective class. As these word-forms do not occur without an augment, we do not segment it in the glosses. Some examples are provided in (16).


# **3.2.3 Possessive pronouns**

This section discusses the morphological properties of possessive pronouns. Their function in the noun phrase is discussed in Section 4.3.1. Possessive pronouns are formed with three morphemes. The first morpheme is the prefix which agrees

### 3.2 Pronouns


Table 3.5: Demonstrative pronouns

with the possessee in person, number, and noun class. For the first and second person the respective forms are *-nge* '1sg, *-iswe* '1pl', *-mu* '2sg', and *-nywe* '2pl'. It is followed by the stem *a*, known as the *associative marker* in Bantu linguistics (see also Section 4.3.2). The third element encodes the person and number of the possessor in the case of first and second person possessors or the noun class of third person possessors.

Table 3.6 lists the forms of the possessive pronouns in the orthographic representation for the first and second person possessors, as well as for third person possessors of noun classes 1 and 2. The last two forms (noun class 1 and 2) are the most commonly used forms of the third person possessive pronouns. Their formation deviates from the pattern found in other third person possessive pronouns (see below).


Table 3.6: Possessive pronouns

As Table 3.6 shows, for the third person singular noun class 1 possessor, two variants are common: in Lunyala we find the form *mwei*, whereas in Ruruuli the form *mwe* is found. Both forms are used in the examples in the dictionary (see Part II). Furthermore, the possessive pronouns of the class 4 possessor have two dialectally-conditioned variants, though the exact distribution of these two forms is not yet well-understood.

A few examples of noun phrases with possessive pronouns are given below. The examples in (17) illustrate a possessee of class 1, whereas the examples in (18) illustrate a possessee of class 6.


### 3.2 Pronouns



As the examples in (17) and (18) show, the possessive pronoun always follows the head noun and does not carry an augment. The use of the augment on the possessor is conditioned by its larger syntactic environment.

The forms of third person possessors of other noun classes (i.e. of noun classes 3–22) are built in a different way: The possessor agreement prefix attaches to the associative stem *a*, which is in turn followed by the agreement prefix for the possessee and the marker *o*. The respective forms are given in Tables 3.7–3.8. The use of the possessive pronouns of a third person possessor of noun classes 9 and 10 is illustrated in (19). Like other possessive pronouns, they follow the head noun and do not take an augment.

(19) a. *entikko yaagwo* e-ntikko aug-9.culmination ya-a-gwo 9-assoc-3 'its culmination' (e.g. of a function (*mukolo* 'function (3)') b. *engeso zaalyo* e-ngeso za-a-lyo

> aug-10.norm 10-assoc-5

'its norms' (e.g. of a tribe (*iyanga* 'tribe (5)')

Table 3.7: Possessive pronouns of the third person possessor of noun class 3–22 (possessee of noun class 1–8)



Table 3.8: Possessive pronouns of the third person possessor of noun class3–22(possesseeofnounclass9–22) 3.2 Pronouns

22

*yaagwo*

 *zaagwo*

 *lwagwo*

 *kaagwo*

 *twagwo*

 *bwagwo*

 *kwagwo*

 *gaagwo*

 *gwagwo*

# **3.3 Verbs**

This section discusses some aspects of verbal morphology. The structure of the finite inflected verb in Ruruuli-Lunyala is given in (20).

(20) TA1 - (neg1) – sbj – (neg2) – TA2 – (obj) – root – (TA3) – Final – Post-final

The indexing<sup>4</sup> of the subject argument is obligatory and occurs in the position S of the scheme in (20), the indexing of the objects is in the position O and is optional, see Section 3.3.1. The argument indexing on copulas in clauses is discussed in Section 3.3.2. The two slots for the negation prefixes can be occupied by either the standard negation prefix *ti-* (neg1), which precedes the subject prefix, or the prefix *ta-* (neg2), which directly follows it and is used in prohibitive (Sections 4.6.2) and negative hortative and jussive constructions (Section 4.6.3). Tense and aspect categories are expressed as either prefixes or suffixes. The slot TA1 can only be occupied by the narrative prefix. The slot TA3 is occupied by the perfective suffix. The final can be occupied by either the final vowel or the subjunctive. There is no final if the verb carries the perfective suffix. The post-final slot can only be occupied by the habitual suffix.

For the sake of simplicity, the scheme in (20) does not include the various voicerelated affixes (the so-called extensions and the reflexive prefix). Their morphology is discussed in Section 3.3.7. The reflexive prefix *ee-* immediately precedes the verb stem. The reflexive is the only diathetical operation in Ruruuli-Lunyala marked by a prefix and not by a suffix and is thus not considered an extension in Bantu studies. The applicative suffix *-ir* follows the root but precedes the perfective suffix. The causative suffix *-isy*, the passive suffix *-ibw*, and the reciprocal suffix *-angan* follow the root. They merge into a portmanteau suffix with the perfective suffix, if there is one. Multiple extensions can occur on one word-form. The restrictions on their respective order, as well as the effect of the order on the meaning of the word-form need further studies.

# **3.3.1 Argument indexing on verbs**

The verb in Ruruuli-Lunyala can index up to four arguments. The indexing of the subject is obligatory for all finite verb forms. The indexing of the direct object

<sup>4</sup>Unless specified otherwise, we follow Haspelmath (2013) and use the term *(argument) indexing* and *index* to refer to bound person forms on the verb. The question of whether these indexes are cases of grammatical agreement or cases of pronominal agreement will be discussed elsewhere.

3.3 Verbs

is conditioned by the properties of this argument. Below in Table 3.9 we list the respective prefixes and then provide some examples. Most indices do not distinguish between different argument roles, i.e. they are the same for subjects and objects. The only differences are found between *o-* '2sg.sbj' and *ku-* '2sg.obj', *mu-* '2pl.sbj' and *ba-* '2pl.obj', as well as between *a-* '1sbj' and *mu-* '1obj'.

Table 3.9 does not list the phonologically-conditioned allomorphs of the subject and object prefixes. They are discussed in multiple subsections in Section 2.6. See in particular the subsections on hiatus resolution (Section 2.6.2), fortition (Section 2.6.5), and nasal assimilation (Section 2.6.6).

The examples in (21) illustrate the use of the subject indexes and show that in the majority of cases they are the first prefix of the verb form.

(21) a. Nkyasona n-kya-son-a 1sg.sbj-pers-weave-fv mukeeka mukeeka 3.mat gwange. gu-a-nge 3-assoc-1sg 'I am still weaving my mat.' b. Oyendya o-yendy-a 2sg.sbj-want-fv kulya ku-li-a inf-eat-fv ki? ki what 'What do you want to eat?' c. Abantu a-bantu aug-2.man bakusomoka ba-ku-somok-a 2sg.sbj-prog-cross-fv enyanja. e-nyanja aug-9.lake 'The people are crossing the lake.' d. Tokwaba. ti-o-ku-ab-a neg-2sg.sbj-prog-go-fv

'You are not going.'

The indexing of the direct object is conditioned by the properties of this argument. Objects of the first and second person are always indexed on the verb. The indexing of third person objects depends on their position in the clause – preverbal objects tend to be indexed – and ultimately on their referential properties, as shown in (22a) and (22d). Furthermore, ditransitive verbs can index both object, i.e. the theme and the recipient/goal. The indexing of the recipient argument is illustrated in (22c). The indexing of the theme argument is illustrated in (22d). Finally, applicative verbs can index applied objects, as in (22e), and it


Table 3.9: The subject and object prefixes

## 3.3 Verbs

is possible to have two applicative suffixes which introduce two applied objects (see Section 4.4.1 on the use of the applicative).

	- b. Mubatumire mu-ba-tum-ire 2sg.sbj-2obj-send-pfv oku o-ku aug-17.loc iduuka. iduuka 5.shop 'You have sent them to the shop.'
	- c. Amuwaire a-mu-wa-ire 1sbj-1obj-give-pfv esaati. e-saati aug-9.shirt 'He has given him a shirt.'
	- d. Ekisunsuzo e-kisunsuzo aug-7.comb nkiwaire n-ki-wa-ire 1sg.sbj-7obj-give-pfv maama. maama 1.mother 'I have given the comb to mother.'
	- e. Tansomere ti-a-n-som-ere neg-1sbj-1sg.obj-read-appl:pfv kitabo. kitabo 7.book 'He has not read for me the book.'

# **3.3.2 Argument indexing on copulas**

The copulas *li*, 5 *ta*, *bba* take the regular subject agreement prefixes. Agreement in noun class is indicated by prefixes that in form are identical with the subject agreement on verbal predicates, see Table 3.10. The usage of copulas is discussed in more detail in Section 4.2.

The copula *ni* is used when the subject of the clause is focused. In contrast to the other copulas, *ni* takes a subject agreement suffix. The respective word-forms are given in the rightmost column of Table 3.10.

<sup>5</sup>The vowel of the copula *li* often undergoes progressive assimilation when it is followed by the enclitic *=ku* or *=mu* and is realised as *lu*, as e.g. in *Oluku akantu?* 'Do you have a mental problem?' This assimilation is not reflected in the orthography.


Table 3.10: Subject indexing on the copulas *li*, *ta*, *bba*, and *ni*

# **3.3.3 Tense**

In this section and the following two sections (Sections 3.3.4 and 3.3.5), we discuss the morphology of tense-aspect-mood (henceforth TAM) forms in Ruruuli-Lunyala. Like other Bantu languages (see, for instance, Nurse 2008), Ruruuli-Lunyala is rich in TAM forms. The description of the TAM system of Ruruuli-Lunyala is still in progress and these sections present only the most common TAM affixes

## 3.3 Verbs

and illustrate their use in independent clauses. Furthermore, we only consider TAM categories formed synthetically. The forms and functions of analytically formed tense-aspect categories – including the forms with the auxiliaries *li*, *iza*, and *bba* – are another topic for future research.

The term *tense* is used following Comrie's definition according to which "tense is grammaticalised expression of location in time" (Comrie 1985: 9). Table 3.11 lists the most common tense forms in Ruruuli-Lunyala. The tenses are marked by prefixes excluding the present tense, which is unmarked. The Past tense and the Near Future tense are marked by the prefixes *á-* and *à-*, respectively, which are differentiated by tone only. All these forms take the final vowel *-a*.

Table 3.11: Tense forms (sbj stands for subject agreement prefix)


## **3.3.3.1 Present**

The Present tense is not overtly marked and there is no other tense or aspect marker on the verb in this form. Such so-called 'null forms' are found in many Bantu languages (see Nurse 2008: 118). In Ruruuli-Lunyala, the unmarked form refers to the general present. The form describes general situations, general truths, or habits and situations which occur frequently. Example (23a) describes such a general situation, i.e. teaching girls the etiquette of greeting. (23b) illustrates the habit of eating sweet plantain in a particular way.

	- b. Ogaramba o-garamba aug-1.sweet\_plantain bamulya ba-mu-li-a 2sbj-1obj-eat-fv mwokye. mu-okye 1-roasted 'Sweet plantain is usually eaten after being roasted.'

# **3.3.3.2 Past**

The Past tense is marked by the prefix *á-* and indicates the events which happened in the past.

(24) a. Yatusuubiza a-a-tu-suubiz-a 1sbj-pst-1pl.obj-promise-fv ebbaasi e-bbaasi aug-9.bus yaiswe. ya-a-iswe 9-assoc-1pl 'He promised us our bus.' b. Yaali mukama.

a-a-li 1sbj-pst-cop mukama 1.leader 'He was a leader.'

# **3.3.3.3 Near Future and Remote Future**

Ruruuli-Lunyala uses two future tenses which express near and far future. The Near Future is marked by the prefix *à-* and expresses situations which happen within a day, as in (25a). The Remote Future illustrated in (25b) is marked by the prefix *li-* and is used for events which will happen any time from tomorrow to an indefinite future.

(25) a. Abantu a-bantu aug-2.person baabinuka ba-a-binuk-a 2sbj-fut-have\_fun-fv oku o-ku aug-17.loc biici biici 9.beach emambya. e-mambya aug-tomorrow 'The people will have fun at the beach tomorrow.' b. Ndiiza n-li-iz-a 1sg.sbj-fut-come-fv mu mu 18.loc magula. magula 6.buying\_season 'I will come during the buying season.'

# **3.3.4 Aspect**

The term *aspect* is used here following Comrie's (1985: 3) definition, which states that "aspects are different ways of viewing the internal temporal constituency of

## 3.3 Verbs

a situation". Like many other Bantu languages, Ruruuli-Lunyala has the habitual, progressive, persistive, and perfective aspects (on aspectual categories in other Bantu languages, see Nurse 2008). This section outlines the morphological structure of these aspectual categories and illustrates their usage.

## **3.3.4.1 Perfective**

The perfective in Ruruuli-Lunyala is marked by the suffix /ire/ or its allomorphs. Apart from some exceptions, the distribution of the allomorphs is predictable, though several rules which determine the word-form might be involved. Furthermore, with some verbs two alternative verb-forms are possible. The Dictionary part of this book (see Part II) lists the perfective form for each verb. The account below is not exhaustive and discusses only the most frequent patterns. The use of the perfective is illustrated at the end of this section.

The distribution of the two most common allomorphs [ire] and [ere] is conditioned by vowel height harmony (see Section 2.6.1): The allomorph [ire] is used when the stem vowels are /i/, /a/, or /u/, and some examples are given in (26). The allomorph [ere] is used when the stem vowel is /o/ or /e/, as in (27).


In addition to the above pattern, like in other Bantu languages, the formation of the perfective in Ruruuli-Lunyala involves imbrication. In Bantu studies, the term *imbrication* is used to refer to the phenomenon of morpheme interweaving under certain morphophonological conditions (see Bastin 1983, Hyman 1995, as well as Hyman et al. (n.d.) for a description of imbrication in the closely-related language Lusoga). The various imbrication patterns involved in the formation of the perfective word-forms are described below.

Imbrication is common with longer stems and stems ending in certain consonants. In one imbrication subtype, the final consonant of the stem is truncated and the perfective suffix /ire/ fuses with it. This leads to hiatus and various strategies of hiatus resolution are employed (see Section 2.6.2). The examples in (28) and (29) illustrate this process with stems of various length ending in /r/ and /l/. The examples in (30) illustrate the imbricated perfective forms of roots ending in other consonants.


The same imbrication pattern is found with more complex bases, e.g. when in addition to the monomoraic root there is one of the fossilised enclitics, such as /ku/, or the fossilised reflexive prefix /e/, or when the root is reduplicated. Some examples are given in (31).


With other bases, the perfective allomorph [i…e] "interweaves" with the root and results in forms ending in [iCe], where C is the final consonant of the base.

## 3.3 Verbs

This type of imbrication is used with verbs ending in [an-a]: they form the perfective by changing it to [ain-e], as in (32).<sup>6</sup> In many, if not all relevant cases, [an] is the lexicalised associative extension (cf. Proto-Bantu *\*-an*, Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173, see Section 3.3.7.5).


The historically complex reciprocal suffix *-angan* was formed with the associative suffix *-an* (see Section 3.3.7.5). Parallel to the way the perfective of the verbs with the associative suffix are formed, the perfective form of the verbs with this suffix is formed by the same process of imbrication of the perfective allomorph [i…e] with the reciprocal suffix resulting in the form [angaine], as in (33).


Another variant of imbrication is found with bases which end in a glide. These are often the lexicalised or productive causative extension *-isy*/*-y* (often accompanied by the applicative extension) or the passive extensions *-ibw*/*-w*, see the respective descriptions in Sections 3.3.7.2 and 3.3.7.3). With bases ending in a liquid followed by a glide, the liquid is truncated and the perfective allomorph [ir…e] is interwoven with the glide resulting in [irGe], as in (34) and (35). With bases ending in other consonants followed by a glide, there is no truncation of the consonant, but the perfective allomorph [ir…e] also interweaves with the glide, as illustrated in (36) and (37).

<sup>6</sup> For many of these verbs two alternative forms of the perfective are entered in the dictionary (see Part II Dictionary): In addition to the form with imbrication, some verbs in /ana/ allow a regular perfective suffix as well, e.g.*wakana* 'to argue, disagree' listed in (32) allows the form *wakanere* in addition to *wakaine*. It remains a topic for future research to identify what determines the distribution of the two forms.


The only exception to the patterns outlined above is the weakly suppletive form of the verb 'to know' given in (38).

(38) *manya* 'to know' *maite*

The use of the Perfective aspect is illustrated in (39). Many further examples can be found throughout this grammar sketch.

	- b. Yakangiire a-a-kang-ir-ire 1sbj-pst-stop-appl-pfv mu mu 18.loc irembo. irembo 5.house 'He has stopped in front of the house.'

3.3 Verbs

# **3.3.4.2 Progressive**

The Progressive aspect is used to express actions in progress. It is marked by the prefix *ku-* and only occurs with the Present tense. It is illustrated in (40).

	- n-li 1sg.sbj-cop ani here n-ku-nyumirw-a 1sg.sbj-prog-enjoy-fv nyembo 9.music 'I am here enjoying the music.'

# **3.3.4.3 Habitual**

The Habitual aspect is used to encode an action or state performed usually, ordinarily, or customarily. It is particularly common to describe traditional habits and events of the past and in this case the speakers regularly translate it with 'used to' into English. The aspect is marked by the suffix *-nga* and is illustrated in (41).


# **3.3.4.4 Persistive**

The major function of the persistive prefix *kya-* is to express three of the concepts of phasal polarity, viz. still, not yet and no longer. When the main verb carries the prefix *kya-*, the construction encodes the concept of still, as in (42a). The

negation of this form yields the phasal polarity concept of no longer, as in (42b) (see also Section 3.3.6 and Molochieva et al. 2021 for further details).

	- b. Abantu a-bantu aug-2.people baingi ba-ingi 2-many tibakyakolesya ti-ba-kya-kolesy-a neg-2sbj-pers-use-fv emole e-mole aug-10.reed okwomboka o-ku-ombok-a aug-inf-build-fv enyumba enyumba 10.house zaabwe. za-a-abwe 10-assoc-2 'Many people no longer use reeds to construct their houses.'
	- c. Abantu a-bantu aug-2.people baingi ba-ingi 2-many bakyali ba-kya-li 2sbj-pers-aux kukolesya ku-kolesy-a inf-use-fv emole. e-mole aug-10.reed 'Many people do not yet use reeds (to construct their houses.)'

# **3.3.5 Mood**

Following Hengeveld (2004: 1190), we define the morphological category of mood as encompassing all grammatical elements operating on a proposition and not directly concerned with situating an event in the actual world, that is, these are morphological elements that are not tense, aspect or negation. Ruruuli-Lunyala has two morphologically distinguished moods viz. the indicative and the subjunctive. These two mood categories have a wide range of applications and among other functions are involved in the expression of various illocutions discussed in Section 4.6.

The indicative is indicated by the final vowel *-a* with the majority of verb forms. However, the perfective suffix blocks the appearance of the final vowel. The final vowel is in complimentary distribution with the subjunctive suffix *-e*. Both the form and the function of this suffix are similar to the cognate ones in the closely related Great Lakes Bantu languages (Nurse & Muzale 1999), as well

3.3 Verbs

as in many other Bantu languages (Nurse 2008: 44, 192). The final *\*-e* has been reconstructed for Proto-Bantu (Meeussen 1967).

In Ruruuli-Lunyala, subjunctive verb forms show subject agreement but no marking for either tense or aspect. When the verb root is reduplicated, the subjunctive suffix is attached after each reduplicant. The subjunctive form of verbs with the reciprocal suffix *-angan* (see Sections 3.3.7.4 and 4.4.5) is *-engan-e*, that is, in addition to the regular subjunctive suffix *-e*, the first vowel of the reciprocal suffix also changes to [e], as shown in (43).

	- b. *it-angan-a* 'kill each other', sbjv: *it-engan-e*
	- c. *akaly-angan-a* 'go past each other', sbjv: *akaly-engan-e*

# **3.3.6 Negation**

All tense-aspect combinations are negated by means of the prefix *ti-*; see (44) for an illustration of negation in the present progressive. The prefix is realised as /t/ before vowels, e.g. before the second person subject prefix *o-* in (44d).

(44) a. Nkwaba.

n-ku-ab-a 1sg.sbj-prog-go-fv 'I am going.'


Except for the near future tense, negation constructions for all tense and aspect combinations in Ruruuli-Lunyala are symmetric. In the negative near future,

the indicative suffix *-a* – glossed as fv for final vowel, as is common in the descriptions of Bantu languages, see e.g.Nurse (2008: 44) – is replaced by the subjunctive suffix *-e*, as in (45). Thus, the negative near future construction shows A/Cat/TAM asymmetry. This is not the case for any of the other tense and aspect combinations.

(45) a. Nayaba.

n-a-ab-a 1sg.sbj-fut-go-fv 'I will go (soon).'


Ruruuli-Lunyala makes use of the persistive prefix *kya-* (see Section 3.3.4.4) to express the phasal polarity concepts still, not yet, and no longer. When attached to a main verb, the prefix *kya-* expresses still, as in (46a). By adding the standard negator *ti-* to a verb that is marked by the persistive, the concept no longer is expressed, as in (46b). The construction denoting not yet is formed by the combination of a positive verbal form and the auxiliary *li* which carries the prefix *kya-*, as in (46c). This construction seems to be the only tense-aspect combination in Ruruuli-Lunyala that cannot be negated. This indicates paradigmatic asymmetry since a distinction that is made in the positive is not made in the negative. However, note that the persistive in the affirmative implies negative semantics. The construction of a negative persistive is formally possible and has a different meaning than its positive counterpart, but was rejected by the speakers probably because of semantic issues with the English translation.

(46) a. OKato o-Kato aug-1.Kato akyali a-kya-li 1sg.sbj-pers-cop e e 23.loc Kampala. Kampala 1.Kampala 'Kato is still in Kampala.'

3.3 Verbs

b. OKato oKato aug-1.Kato takyali ti-a-kya-li neg-1sg.sbj-pers-cop e e 23.loc Kampala. Kampala 1.Kampala 'Kato is no longer in Kampala.'

c. Nkyali n-kya-li 1sg.sbj-pers-aux kwaba. ku-ab-a inf-go-fv 'I have not gone yet.'

Some tense-aspect forms consist of a combination of one of the auxiliaries and the main verb, e.g. the recent past progressive. In these forms, the standard negation marker *ti-* (neg1 in the scheme in (20)) is prefixed to the main verb. Compare the two examples in (47).

(47) a. Abbaire a-bba-ire 1sbj-aux-pfv aikala a-ikal-a 1sbj-live-fv mpani mpani here obwomi obwomi 14.life bwamwe bu-a-mwe 14-assoc-1 bwona. bu-ona 14-all 'He has been living here for all his life.'

b. Emabega e-mabega aug-6.past edi edi 23.loc.dist aBanyala a-Banyala aug-2.Banyala babbaire ba-bba-ire 2sbj-aux-pfv tibataka ti-ba-tak-a neg-2sbj-want-fv kusoma. kusoma 15.education 'In the past, the Banyala there did not want education.'

# **3.3.7 Extensions**

In Bantu scholarship the term *extension* refers to certain suffixes which follow the root of the verb. The canonical Bantu extension has the shape -VC (Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173). An extension may be analysable as having a specific meaning, in which case one may call it a suffix. On the other hand, segmentation may be done on purely formal grounds, so that the analysis yields a formal radical and an "expansion" or formal suffix (see e.g. Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 172–173). Bantu extensions include applicative, causative, passive and reciprocal, as well as a range of others, such as impositive, neuter or tentive. The inventory of Bantu extensions, as well as their functions and properties vary from language to language. This section provides an overview of the morphology of Ruruuli-Lu-

nyala extensions, viz. applicative (Section 3.3.7.1), causative (Section 3.3.7.2), passive (Section 3.3.7.3), reciprocal (Section 3.3.7.4), and associative (Section 3.3.7.5).

Note that the reflexive form is not considered an extension in Bantu scholarship (e.g. it is missing from the list of extensions in Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173) and is not discussed in this section, see instead Section 4.4.6. The syntactic properties of the Ruruuli-Lunyala extensions are discussed in Section 4.4.

## **3.3.7.1 Applicative**

The applicative suffix *-ir* derives from Proto-Bantu *\*-ıd* (Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173) and many Bantu languages are reported to still possess a variant of this suffix (for a recent study, see Pacchiarotti 2017). The distribution of the two most common applicative allomorphs [ir] and [er] is conditioned by vowel height harmony (see Section 2.6.1, see also Atuhairwe 2019 for further examples). The suffix surfaces as [ir] when the last vowel of the root is /i, u, a/. It is realised as [er] when preceded by /e/ or /o/ in the root, as the examples in (48) show.

	- a. *kubb-a* 'to beat': *kubb-ir-a* (beat-appl-fv) 'to beat for' *sumb-a* 'to cook': *sumb-ir-a* (cook-appl-fv) 'to cook for' *iruk-a* 'to run': *iruk-ir-a* (run-appl-fv) 'to run for' *kang-a* 'to stop': *kang-ir-a* (stop-appl-fv) 'to stop for'
	- b. *leet-a* 'to bring': *leet-er-a* (beat-appl-fv) 'to bring for' *kol-a* 'to do': *kol-er-a* (do-appl-fv) 'to do for' *kob-a* 'to say': *kob-er-a* (say-appl-fv) 'to say for' *som-a* 'to read': *som-er-a* (read-appl-fv) 'to read for'

In the perfective verb forms, the liquid is deleted and the applicative allomorph has the shape of either [i] or [e], as in (49). The perfective suffix is *-ire* following both allomorphs and does not undergo the vowel height harmony in this context.

	- b. *leet-a* 'to bring': *leet-eire* (read-appl:pfv) 'to bring for' *kol-a* 'to do': *kol-eire* (do-appl:pfv) 'to do for' *kob-a* 'to say': *kob-eire* (say-appl:pfv) 'to say for' *som-a* 'to read': *som-eire* (read-appl:pfv) 'to read for'

## 3.3 Verbs

In addition to the pattern outlined above, as with the formation of the perfective forms discussed in Section 3.3.4.1, one also finds various types of imbrication in the formation of the applicative forms. Verb roots with two and more syllables ending in /z/ form the applicative form by inserting the applicative allomorphs [ir] and [er] before /z/, as in (50a). Monosyllabic roots ending in /z/ form the applicative in the regular way, as in (50b).

	- b. *iz-a* 'to come': *iz-ir-a* (come-appl-fv) 'to come for' *oz-a* 'to wash (laundry)': *oz-er-a* (wash-appl-fv) 'to wash for'

Also verb stems in /j/ (<y> in the orthographic representation) insert the applicative suffix before /j/, as in (51). These include cases where synchronically /j/ is part of the root, as in (51a), as well as where it is a causative suffix (see Section 3.3.7.2 on causatives), as in (51b).

	- b. *naaby-a* 'to wash': *naabiry-a* (wash:appl-fv) 'to wash for' *bungeety-a* 'to spread (rumours)': *bungeetery-a* (spread:appl-fv) 'to spread (rumours) for'

With roots ending in the liquid /l/, the liquid is truncated, as in (52).

(52) *kol-a* 'to work': *koor-a* (work:appl-fv) 'to work for' *twal-a* 'to take': *twar-a* (take:appl-fv) 'to take for' *simool-a* 'to speak': *simoor-a* (speak:appl-fv) 'to speak for

The form of the applicative with monosyllabic stems is synchronically not always predictable. Some forms can be predicted by considering the root vowel in the proto-forms, whereas other forms seem to be idiosyncratic. A few examples are given in (53).

	- a. *sya* 'to grind': *sy-er-a* (grind-appl-fv) 'to grind for'
	- b. *bbwa* 'to bind': *bbw-er-a* (bind-appl-fv) 'to bind for'
	- c. *lya* 'to eat': *leera* (eat-appl-fv) 'to eat for'
	- d. *nia* 'to defecate': *ni-er-a* (defecate-appl-fv) 'to defecate for'

## **3.3.7.2 Causative**

Two causative allomorphs *\*-i/-ici* have been reconstructed for Proto-Bantu (Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173) and many Bantu languages are reported to still possess two variants of the suffix albeit with variable productivity and distribution. Ruruuli-Lunyala also has two causative suffixes viz. *-isy* /isj/ and *-y* /j/.<sup>7</sup>

The suffix *-isy* /isj/ has two phonologically conditioned allomorphs: The allomorph *-esy* [esj] is used after roots with the vowels /e/ or /o/, as in (54), whereas the allomorph *-isy* [isj] is used with all other roots, as in (55) (see Section 2.6.1 on vowel height harmony).

The examples below also list the perfective form of the causative verbs: these are built by imbricating the two suffix, which results in *-isirye* [isirje]/*-esirye* [eserje] (see Section 3.3.4.1).

	- b. *emb-a* 'to sing': *emb-esy-a* (sing-caus-fv) 'to cause to sing', *emb-eserye* (sing-caus:pfv)
	- c. *komb-a* 'to lick': *komb-esy-a* (lick-caus-fv) 'to cause to lick', *komb-eserye* (lick-caus:pfv)
	- d. *ombok-a* 'to build': *ombok-esy-a* (build-caus-fv) 'to cause to build', *ombok-eserye* (build-caus:pfv)
	- e. *sos-a* 'to examine': *sos-esy-a* (examine-caus-fv) 'to cause to examine', pfv: *sos-eserye* (examine-caus:pfv)
	- b. *kul-a* 'to grow, get bigger': *kul-isy-a* (grow-caus-fv) 'to cause to grow, bring up', *kul-isirye* (grow-caus:pfv)
	- c. *wandiik-a* 'to write': *wandiik-isy-a* (write-caus-fv) 'to cause to write', *wandiik-isirye* (write-caus:pfv)

The causative suffix *-y* /j/ illustrated in (56) occurs only with some verbs. Its perfective forms is also built by imbricating the two affixes into [irye]/[erye]. Many of these verbs also allow the use of the more common causative suffix

<sup>7</sup>Underlyingly, the two suffixes are /isi/ and /i/, but as they are always followed by a vowel and thus undergo vowel coalescence and glide formation (see Section 2.6.2), we cite them as *-isy* /isj/ and *-y* /j/.

3.3 Verbs

/isj/ instead, as in (56c), though further research is needed to account for the preferences and possibilities of the use of the allomorphs with individual verbs.

	- b. *emeer-a* 'to stand': *emeer-y-a* (stand-caus-fv) 'to stop, halt', *mere-irye* (stand-caus:pfv)
	- c. *iruk-a* 'to run': *iruk-y-a* or *iruk-isy-a* (run-caus-fv) 'to make run, chase', pfv: *iruk-irye* or *iruk-isirye* (run-caus:pfv)

Furthermore, the causative suffix *-y* is used with all verbs which also have either a lexicalised or a productive applicative suffix, as in (57).

	- b. *ikiir-a* 'to be complete, be achieved' (lexicalised applicative): *ikiir-y-a* (be\_complete-caus-fv) 'to fulfil, make complete', *ikiriirye* (be\_complete:caus:pfv)
	- c. *ituka-a* 'to recur, reappear': *ituk-ir-y-a* (recur-appl-caus-fv) 'to revisit, reopen (a case)', *ituk-iirye* (recur-appl:caus:pfv)

## **3.3.7.3 Passive**

Ruruuli-Lunyala has a productive passive construction, whose syntax is discussed in detail in Section 4.4.3. It is marked by the post-radical/ pre-final suffix *-ibw/* (/ibw/) or *-w* (/w/).<sup>8</sup> /ibw/ has two allomorphs, viz. [ibw] and [ebw]. The distribution of the two allomorphs is conditioned by vowel harmony (see Section 2.6.1): the suffix is realised as [ibw] when preceded by /i, u, a/, as in (58), and as [ebw] when preceded by /e/ or /o/ or when the stem has no vowel, as illustrated in (59). The suffix *-w* seems to be in free variation with *-ibw*, as shown in (60).

	- b. *sumb-a* 'to cook': *sumb-ibw-a* (cook-pass-fv)
	- c. *tak-a* 'to want': *tak-ibw-a* (want-pass-fv)
	- d. *ly-a* 'to eat': *li-ibw-a* (eat-pass-fv)

<sup>8</sup>Underlyingly, the two passive suffixes are /ibu/ and /u/, but as they are always followed by a vowel and hence undergo vowel coalescence and glide formation (Section 2.6.2), we cite them with the final /w/, similarly to our approach to the representation of the causative suffix outlined in Footnote 7 in Section 3.3.7.2.

	- b. *tendek-a* 'to train': *tendek-ebw-a* (train-pass-fv)
	- c. *bbw-a* 'to detain': *bbw-ebw-a* (detain-pass-fv)

In the perfective, the passive and the perfective are realised as a portmanteau morpheme *-iibwe/-eibwe*, as in (61). This is another instance of so-called imbrication, discussed in Section 3.3.4.1.

	- b. *let-a* 'to see': *letere* (see-pfv), *let-eibwe* (see-pass:pfv)

## **3.3.7.4 Reciprocal**

This section briefly discusses the morphological properties of the reciprocal extension, its syntactic properties and functions are discussed in Section 4.4.5. The reciprocal in Ruruuli-Lunyala is marked by the suffix *-angan*, as in (62). This is a historically complex suffix made up of the repetitive *\*-ag/-ang* and the associative *\*-an* (Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173, see also Dom et al. 2015: 378 on the origin of the similar complex reciprocal suffix in Cilubà).

(62) a. *nyweger-a* 'kiss':

*nyweger-angan-a* (kiss-recp-fv) 'kiss each other'


The perfective of the reciprocal verbs is formed by imbricating the regular  *ire* suffix with the reciprocal suffix, which results in the suffix *-angaine*, as in (63) (see Section 3.3.4.1). This pattern is identical to the way the perfective of the verbs with the lexicalised associative suffix are formed (see Section 3.3.7.5). The form of the subjunctive is *-engane*, that is, in addition to the regular subjunctive suffix *-e*, the first vowel of the reciprocal suffix also changes to [e]. Some examples are provided in (63).

3.3 Verbs

	- b. *it-angan-a* (kill-recp-fv) 'kill each other': *it-angaine* (kill-recp:pfv), *it-engane* (kill-recp:sbjv)
	- c. *akaly-angan-a* (go\_past-recp-fv) 'go past each other': *akaly-angaine* (go\_past-recp:pfv), *akaly-engane* (go\_past-recp:sbjv)

## **3.3.7.5 Associative**

Another extension reconstructed for Proto-Bantu is the associative extension *\* an* (Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 173, 182–184). In the Bantu languages the most productive meaning of this extension is reciprocal.

The associative extension *-an* is not productive in Ruruuli-Lunyala, but it is lexicalised with dozens of verbs. Some associative verbs have a corresponding verb without the associative extension, though they differ in terms of valency, as in (64). Others do not have a corresponding non-associative verb, e.g. the ones in (65). Many of the associative verbs refer to natural reciprocal situations and naturally collective actions (cf. Kemmer 1993: 267–270).

	- b. *gugulana* 'to trade (with each other)' (intr.), pfv: *gugulaine*; from *gula* 'to buy, purchase' (trans.)
	- b. *kumbaana* 'to assemble, come together' (intr.), pfv: *kumbaine*
	- c. *kyankalana* 'to be annoyed' (intr.), pfv: *kyankalaine*
	- d. *liraana* 'to neighbour, be near to' (trans.), pfv: *liraine*
	- e. *swoitana* 'to quarrel' (intr.), pfv: *swoitaine*
	- f. *wakana* 'to argue, disagree; compete' (intr.), (pfv: *wakaine*)
	- g. *walana* 'to hate, dislike' (trans.), pfv: *walaine*

Verbs with the associative extension form the perfective form by imbricating the perfective suffix *-ire/-ere* with the extension *-an*. This results in the form *-aine*, as in (65) (cf. Section 3.3.4.1 on the morphology of the perfective).

# **3.4 Adjectives**

An adjective can be defined as a word which can be used to modify a nominal head without any further marking or modification, see e.g. Hengeveld (1992: 58). Bantu adjectives agree with the head nouns in noun class using adjectival prefixes. The prefix paradigm is fully or nearly identical to that of the nominal prefixes. Bantu languages vary as to the number of adjectives they have: some have only a handful (e.g. eight in Rwanda JD61), some have none at all (e.g. Eton A71, Mongo C61), whereas other languages have an open class of adjectives. Many of these adjectives are derived from change-of-state verbs (Van de Velde 2019: 258). Many closely-related Great Lakes Bantu languages are reported to have a small number of true adjectives: Ha (haq, Western Lakes Bantu; Harjula 2004: 76) is said to have "a few adjectives" and the grammar gives a list of twelve adjectives, Kinyarwanda has very few adjectives (kin, Western Lakes Bantu; Kimenyi 1980: 231), Chiga has "twenty or so" true adjectives (cgg, Taylor 1985: 49), see e.g. Segerer (2008) for an overview. Ruruuli-Lunyala has a small number of underived adjectives and a relatively large number of derived ones. Below is the list of the most common underived ones. Derived adjectives are discussed in Section 3.6.2.

Adjectives in Ruruuli-Lunyala agree with the head noun in noun class (see Table 3.12). The adjective agreement prefixes are similar to the ones which occur on other agreement targets and are thus distinct from the noun class prefixes on nouns in classes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10.<sup>9</sup> The same prefixes are used on adjectives both in the predicative and in the attributive function. Adjectives can also agree with the argument in the first and second person when they are used predicatively.

The form of the agreement prefixes has the same allomorphs as on other hosts, as illustrated with the examples in (66).

(66) a. omusaiza o-musaiza aug-1.man omugezi o-mu-gezi aug-1-intelligent 'an intelligent man'

<sup>9</sup>Class 4 agreement prefixes have two dialectally-conditioned variants viz. *gi-* and *zi-*.


Table 3.12: Noun class agreement prefixes on adjective

> b. onyana o-nyana aug-1.calf omweru o-mu-eru aug-1-white 'a white calf'

c. onyana o-nyana aug-1.calf omwiragazu o-mu-iragazu aug-1-black 'a black calf'

When used predicatively adjectives agree in noun class with the subject noun and do not take the augment, as (67) shows.

	- b. Omuyembe o-muyembe ogubbisi o-gu-bbisi ti ti gusai gu-sai kulya. ku-li-a aug-3.mango aug-3-raw neg.cop 3-good inf-eat-fv

'A raw mango is not good for eating.'

# **3.5 Adverbs**

The term *adverb* refers to a word class (or part of speech) used to specify the circumstances of the verbal or sentential referent (cf. Maienborn & Schäfer 2008). In a language, this function can also be fulfilled by other types of adverbials, e.g. by adpositional phrases. Such expressions are not discussed in this section, but see Section 3.1.6 for some examples. Typically, adverbs are restricted to a set of semantically limited usages: they specify time, place, or manner.

Morphologically, adverbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala are either underived, e.g. *(o)luusi* 'sometimes' and *dala* 'really, indeed', or derived from other word classes, e.g. from nouns, adjectives and verbs. The majority of Ruruuli-Lunyala adverbs seems to be derived, recurrent patterns are illustrated in (68).<sup>10</sup> Currently we have not been able to identify the respective roots in case of all adverbs, though they often carry the same prefixes as clearly derived adverbs. Some examples are given in (69).

<sup>10</sup>Some of the prefixes are formally identical to noun class prefixes on nouns and various agreement targets, e.g. *ma-* class 6, *bu-* class 14, *ku-* class 15.

## 3.6 Derivation

	- b. adverbs with the prefix *ma-*: *mabberege* 'like a pig' < *mberege* 'pig' (1a)', *mabbwene* 'like a dog' < *mbwene* 'dog (1a)', *magalama* 'on one's back (e.g. of falling)' < *galama* 'to lie on one's back', *mamiima* 'tightly, closely' < *miima* 'to fit tightly'
	- c. adverbs with the prefix *bu-*: *bujuumuke* 'upside down' < *juumuka* 'to turn upside down', *bwomwei* 'alone' < *mwei* 'one', *buyaaka* 'again' < *yaaka* 'new'
	- d. adverbs with the prefix *ku-*: *kusai* 'well' < *sai* 'good', *kubbi* 'badly' < *bbi* 'bad'
	- e. adverbs with the prefix *ka-*: *kadooli* 'nearly, almost' < *dooli* 'small, little', *kabiri* 'twice' < *biri* 'two', *kacuucu* 'speedily, quickly' < *cuucu* 'dust'
	- f. adverbs with the prefix *ki-*: *kimwei* 'totally, completely' < *mwei* 'one'
	- b. adverbs starting with in *bu-*: *bwemi* 'still, without moving', *bulebe* 'somewhere', *bwereere* 'for no reason'
	- c. adverbs with reduplication: *biralebirale* 'carelessly', *cekeceke* '(of rain) continuously', *fukufuku* 'heavily, excessively'

Most adverbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala occur in the clause-final position but they may also appear in the clause-initial position. Section 4.9 provides examples and discusses the most common classes of adverbs grouped according to semantic categories.

# **3.6 Derivation**

This section briefly outlines the major derivational strategies of Ruruuli-Lunyala. We discuss nominal derivation in Section 3.6.1. Section 3.6.2 outlines the strategies of adjective derivation. This short overview does not exhaust the derivational strategies. Derivation of verbs and adverbs is attested but is less common and goes beyond the scope of this grammar sketch.

<sup>11</sup>In some contexts the prefix *a-* can be dropped and further research is needed to determine whether the same conditions which determine the use of augments elsewhere apply to adverbs and whether all adverbs in *a-* behave consistently in this respect.

# **3.6.1 Nominal derivation**

Most derived nouns in Ruruuli-Lunyala are derived from verbs. There also a few nouns which are derived from other nouns. The verb to noun derivations include agentive, locative, instrumental and result nouns. Several patterns can be identified, which are presented below.

## **3.6.1.1 Verb-to-noun derivation of abstract nouns**

Deverbal abstracts nouns are often assigned to noun class 14 and indeed most nouns of the class 14 are deverbal nouns. Other common class assignment options are noun classes 4, 5, 6, and 7 (see Section 3.1.1 on noun morphology and noun classes). These nouns mostly do not have plural counterparts (i.e. they are assigned to the so-called monoclasses, see Section 3.1.3). Deverbal abstract nouns often end in the vowels /a/, /e/, /o/. This pattern is illustrated in (70). Some of these nouns have further derivational affixes, e.g. *bubaziro* 'freedom of speech (14)' in (70c) or *butasoma* 'illiteracy (14)' in (70d).

	- b. Abstract nouns with the suffix *-i*: *bubeyegi* 'deceit (14)' < *beyega* 'to deceive', *buculeeri* 'calmness (14)' < *culeera* 'to be calm', *bufugi* 'rule (14)' < *fuga* 'to rule'
	- c. Abstract nouns with the suffix *-o*: *buganyuro* 'benefit (14)' < *ganyura* 'to benefit', *bubaziro* 'freedom of speech (14)' < *baza* 'to speak'
	- d. Abstract nouns with the suffix *-a*: *butasoma* 'illiteracy (14)' < *soma* 'to study'

## **3.6.1.2 Verb-to-noun derivation of agentive nouns**

Similar to the process described in Section 3.6.1.1 above, agentive nouns are regularly derived from verbs through the suffixation of the derivational suffixes *-i* to the verb root and simultaneous prefixation of the noun class 1 or 2 prefix. Some examples are given in (71).

3.6 Derivation

	- a. *mukoli* 'worker (1)' < *kola* 'to work'
	- b. *musumbi* 'cook (1)' < *sumba* 'to cook'
	- c. *mutegi* 'fisherman (1)' < *tega* 'to fish'
	- d. *mutambi* 'herbalist/healer (1)' < *tamba* 'to heal'
	- e. *mutayiiri* 'circumcision surgeon (1)' < *tayiira* 'to circumcise'

## **3.6.1.3 Verb-to-noun derivation of patient nouns**

Patient nouns are derived from verbs through the suffixation of the derivational suffixes *-e* to the verb root and simultaneous prefixation of the noun class 1 or 2 prefix, as illustrated in (72).

	- a. *muwambe* 'abductee (1)' < *wamba* 'to abduct'
	- b. *mubyale* 'native (1)' < *byala* 'to give birth'
	- c. *munyage* 'captive (1)' < *nyaga* 'to capture'
	- d. *mukomole* 'circumcised person (1)' < *komola* 'to circumcise'

## **3.6.1.4 Verb-to-noun derivation of result nouns**

Result nouns refer to entities that come into existence during the event denoted by the base verb. We find it challenging to make a clear distinction between some abstract nouns discussed in Section 3.6.1.1 and result nouns at the moment. In (73), only examples of derived nouns referring to tangible objects are presented. The majority of result nouns seem to be formed with the suffix *-e* and are assigned to noun class 7. Only a small number of examples have been identified so far.

	- b. Result nouns of noun class 3 derived with the suffix *-e*: *musale* 'cut, laceration (3)' < *sala* 'to cut, slice'

## **3.6.1.5 Verb-to-noun derivation of instrumental nouns**

Instrumental nouns are used to refer to physical objects or abstract concepts used as instruments. Derived instrumental nouns in Ruruuli-Lunyala are derived

using a number of strategies illustrated in (74). Some are derived by attaching a noun class prefix to the basic form in *-a*, while others use the causative stem, as in (74b)–(74d).

	- b. *kisindabulyo* 'key, opener (7)' < *sindabulya* 'open (caus)' (< *sindabula* 'to open (tr.)' )
	- c. *kawandikisyo* 'pen (12)'
		- < *wandiikisya* 'write (caus)' (< *wandiika* 'to write')
	- d. *kamanyisyo* 'signpost, notification (12)' < *manyisya* 'know (caus)' (< *manya* 'to know')

# **3.6.1.6 Deverbal location nouns**

Some nouns referring to places are derived with the suffix *-o* from applicative verbs, as in (75). (See Section 4.4.1 on the use of the applicative with locative adjuncts.) These nouns are assigned to noun class 5.

```
(75) a. icumbiro 'kitchen (5)'
         < cumbira 'cook (appl)' ( cuma 'to cook')
```
	- < *lwalira* 'fall ill (appl)' (< *lwala* 'to fall ill')

# **3.6.2 Adjectival derivation**

Ruruuli-Lunyala makes use of different processes to derive adjectives from other parts of speech. Most derived adjectives are derived via suffixation from changeof-state verbs. The most common suffix is *-i*. Much less frequent are *-u*, *-e*, *-a*, and *-o* in this order. Some examples are listed in (76). The choice of the suffix seems to be conditioned by the argument structure of the respective verb. For instance, the suffix *-e* attaches primarily to bivalent verbs.

(76) a. Suffix *-i*:

*kairiki* 'old' < *kairika* 'to grow old' *tukuliki* 'red' < *tukulika* 'to turn red' *cucuki* 'faded' < *cucuka* 'to fade'

3.6 Derivation

```
b. Suffix -u:
   kalu 'dry' < kala 'to become dry'
   gumu 'strong, rigid' < guma 'to become strong'
   gondu 'to become soft' < gonda 'to become soft'
c. Suffix -e:
   tabule 'mixed, prepared (of a food)' < tabula 'to mix, combine'
d. Suffix -a:
   doma 'stupid' < doma 'to become stupid'
e. Suffix -o:
   yonjo 'clean' < yonja 'to make clean'
```
There are also cases of adjectival derivations using reduplication. Some examples are given in (77). Some of these adjectives are derived from verbs by one of the suffixes discussed above, whereas in other cases no verbal counterpart is attested. The use of reduplication often results in attenuation of the meaning.

	- b. *myukimyuki* 'reddish' < *myuki* 'red'
	- c. *gezigezi* 'cunning, sly' < *gezi* 'intelligent, wise'

# **3.6.3 Negative derivation**

The preposition *nambula* 'without' can be compounded with nouns to indicate the lack of the compounded noun. For example, *buculeeri* 'peace (14)' is compounded with the preposition *nambula*, which results in the adjective *nambulabuculeeri* 'restless, insecure'. The noun *kinambulamugaso* 'useless thing (7)' consists of the noun *mugaso* '3.importance', and the preposition *nambula* 'without'. This noun is assigned to noun class 7 and receives the prefix *ki-* (the noun class 7 also includes the generic noun *kintu* 'thing (7)'). At present, it is difficult to assess the productivity of this process. However, only a small number of negative derivations of the above type is registered in the dictionary and no examples are found in the corpus.


# **4 Syntax**

This section provides an overview of some aspects of Ruruuli-Lunyala syntax. After an introduction to the clause structure in Section 4.1, a range of syntactic topics related to the noun phrase structure are discussed in Section 4.3. The syntax of adverbs is addressed in Section 4.9. Various diathesis-related phenomena (including extensions) are discussed in Section 4.4. A range of further syntactic topics covered in this grammar sketch reflects the present state of description Ruruuli-Lunyala. They include the syntax of interrogatives (Section 4.5), nonverbal predication (Section 4.2), modal verbs (Section 4.7), as well as complementation strategies (Section 4.8).

# **4.1 Basic verbal clause and constituent order**

The basic constituent order of the declarative independent clause in Ruruuli-Lunyala is SVO, i.e. the subject of a transitive or an intransitive verb precedes the verb, as in (1a). If there is an object, it most frequently immediately follows the verb, as in (1b). However, in some circumstances, objects can be fronted. In this case they are indexed on the verbs by means of the respective object prefix, as e.g. using the prefix *mu-* '1O' in (1c), see also Section 3.3.1 on argument indexing.

	- b. Omusuma o-musuma aug-1.thief aibbire a-ibb-ire 1sbj-steal-pfv obwita o-bwita aug-14.millet bwange. bu-a-ange 14-assoc-1sg 'A thief has stolen my millet.'

## 4 Syntax

c. Omwana o-mwana aug-1.child amugingiire a-mu-gingiire 1sbj-1obj-carry:appl:pfv ku ku 17.loc mabega. mabega 6.shoulder 'She is carrying the baby on the shoulders.'

Adjuncts which have the form of locative phrases appear in two positions. They either follow the verb and the object, if there is one, such as e.g. the locative adjunct *oku kyegeseryo* 'at the college' in (2a) or the temporal adjunct *oku Paasika* 'on Easter Sunday' in (2b). Less commonly they appear clause initially, as in (3). In case of locative phrases indicating location, the verb can agree with the locative phrase, as in (3c). This construction is common with copulas but not with other verbs, and even with copulas it is not obligatory, as (3b) suggests.<sup>1</sup> The position of adverbs in a clause is discussed in Section 4.9.



	- b. Oku o-ku aug-17.loc isana isana 5.drought ente e-nte aug-10.cow zirya zi-li-a 10sbj-eat-fv bisagazi. bisagazi 8.elephant\_grass 'During a drought cows eat elephant grass.' c. Oku o-ku aug-17.loc kyalo kyalo 7.village kini ki-ni 7-prox kuliku ku-li=ku 17.sbj-cop=17.loc oMubiito? o-Mubiito aug-1.Mubiito 'Is there any Mubiito (a person from the bushbuck clan) in this village?'

<sup>1</sup>Bantu languages are known to vary with respect to the properties and restrictions on the locative inversion, see e.g. Salzmann (2011) for a recent overview. Further research is needed to describe these characteristics in Ruruuli--Lunyala.

4.2 Clauses with non-verbal predicates

d. Oku o-ku aug-17.loc nzira nzira 9.road ya ya 9.gen Jinja Jinja 9.Jinja bukanga bu-kang-a 14-end-fv ku ku 17.loc kagera kagera 12.river Waligga. Waligga 9.Waligga 'On Jinja road it (the river Sezibwa) ends at a small river Waligga.'

# **4.2 Clauses with non-verbal predicates**

Four copulas are used to express non-verbal predication in Ruruuli-Lunyala.<sup>2</sup> These are *ni*, *li*, 3 *ta* and *ti*. Additionally, the semi-copula *bba* can be used in some of the contexts where the real copulas occur, i.e. in locational clauses and predicative possession. The indexing of arguments on the copulas is summarized in Section 3.3.2.

With proper inclusion, equative and attributive clauses, the usage of a copula is not required with a non-pronominal subject in the present tense, as in (4a)–(4c). Note the absence of the augment on nominal predicates.

	- b. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman ma ma 1.mother wange. wa-a-nge 1-assoc-1sg 'The woman is my mother.'
	- c. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman mukooto. mu-kooto 1-big 'The woman is big.'

In non-present tenses, as in (5a)–(5c), as well as with pronominal subjects, as in (5d), predication of proper inclusion, equation and attribution requires the copula *li*.

<sup>2</sup>This section benefited from the account of non-verbal predication in Lorenzen (2018). <sup>3</sup>Note that *li* is glossed as a copula (cop) in this section whereas it some examples earlier it was glossed as an auxiliary (aux), e.g. in (46c). The different glosses are chosen to indicate the respective function of *li* in Ruruuli-Lunyala.

### 4 Syntax

	- b. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman yali a-a-li 1-pst-cop ma ma 1.mother wange. wa-a-nge 1-assoc-1sg 'The woman was my mother.'
	- c. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman yali a-a-li 1-pst-cop mukooto. mu-kooto 1-big 'The woman was big.'
	- d. Ati ati now oli o-li 2sg.sbj-cop musaiza musaiza 1.man mukulu. mu-kulu 1-mature 'Now you are a mature man.'

The copulas*li*, *ta* and the semi-copula *bba* are used in locative predication. The speakers claim that *ta* in most cases is used interchangeably with *li*. Furthermore, *ta* is said to be an archaic form that is still in use in some dialects. On the other hand, in some contexts *ta* implies an element of exclusiveness that is not covered by *li*, as in (6). Further research is needed to determine the semantic and other differences in the use of these two copulas.


Following Pustet (2003: 6), we classify *bba* as a semi-copula since it is not semantically empty but adds meaning to the predicate phrase. The semi-copula can be translated as 'to stay, remain, become' and additionally conveys temporal meaning which is not the case for the true copulas *li* or *ta*, compare (7a) with (7b)–(7c).

(7) a. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman abba a-bba 1sbj-cop mu mu 18.loc Kampala. Kampala. 1.Kampala 'The woman lives/stays in Kampala.'

4.2 Clauses with non-verbal predicates


Bantu languages often encode predicative possession by means of a copula and the comitative preposition/conjunction *na* 'and, with'. In Ruruuli-Lunyala, typically, the copula *li* is used, as in (8a).<sup>4</sup> Predicative possession can also be occasionally expressed by means of the less common copula *ta* followed by the preposition *na*, as in (8b), as well as the semi-copula *bba* followed by *na*, as in (8c). The speakers claim that *li* and *ta* can be used interchangeably and that the preference for one or the other is dialectal, the second option is however very infrequent in the corpus. There is no difference between temporal and permanent predicative possession. The expression of predicative possession by means of the copula *bba* might imply a modal component of 'should' or 'must', as indicated in the translation of (8c).

	- b. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman ata a-ta 1-cop n' na com abaana. a-baana aug-2.child 'The woman has children.'
	- c. O-mukali o-mukali aug-1.woman abba a-bba 1-cop n' na com abaana. a-baana aug-2.child

'The woman is supposed to have children./The woman stays with the children.'

<sup>4</sup> In Ruruuli-Lunyala, the copula *li* and the preposition *na* seem to be merging into the verb *lina* 'to have' and the dictionary section contains the respective entry (see Part II). The merge of a copula with the comitative preposition has also been observed in other Bantu languages, e.g. in Rangi (Gibson 2012: 74).

## 4 Syntax

Existential predication is expressed by a construction with the copula *li*. The copula carries both a locative prefix and a locative enclitic of the noun classes 16, 17, 18 and 23, see Table 4.1 for an overview. The prefix and the enclitic typically belong to the same locative noun class, as in (9a)–(9c). However, this is not obligatory, see e.g. (9d). The use of *waliwo* is by far the most common way to express existential predication in the corpus, but other combinations of the copula *li* with a locative prefix and a locative enclitic are attested as well. Further investigation is needed to identify the conditions of the choice between the various combinations like the one illustrated in (9e).

Table 4.1: The locative prefixes and enclitics


	- b. Kuliku ku-li=ku 17sbj-cop=17.loc omwojo. o-mwojo aug-1.boy 'There is a boy.'
	- c. Mulimu mu-li=mu 18sbj-cop=18.loc omuntu. o-muntu aug-1.person 'There is a person.'
	- d. Waliyo wa-li=yo 16sbj-cop=23.loc ekintu e-kintu aug-7.thing ekindi. e-kindi aug-7.other 'There is another thing.'

#### 4.2 Clauses with non-verbal predicates

e. Mulimu mu-li=mu 18sbj-cop=18.loc iswe iswe 1pl aBalanda, a-Balanda aug-2.Mulanda mulimu mu-li=mu 18sbj-cop=18.loc aBayinda, a-Bayinda aug-2.Muyinda waliwo wa-li=wo 16sbj-cop=16.loc aBakurubyo, a-Bakurubyo aug-2.Mukurubyo waliwo wa-li=wo 16sbj-cop=16.loc aBapapali. a-Bapapali aug-2.Mupapali 'There are us the Balanda, there are the Bayinda, there are the Bakurubyo, there are the Bapapali.'

The copula *ni* is used when the subject of the clause is focused. In contrast to the other copulas, *ni* takes a subject agreement suffix, the respective wordforms are given above in Table 3.10 (Section 3.3.2). It can stand alone in predications where no copula is required, i.e. in proper inclusion, equative and attributive clauses in present tense with a nominal subject, as in (10a)–(10c). In cases where a copula is required, *ni* cannot replace another copula but can only be added to the clause, as in (10d)–(10e).

	- b. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman niye ni-ye cop-1sbj ma ma 1.mother wange. wa-a-nge 1-assoc-1sg 'The woman is the one who is my mother.'
	- c. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman niye ni-ye cop-1sbj mukooto. mu-kooto 1-big

'The woman is the one who is big.'

d. \*Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman niye ni-ye cop-1sbj mu mu 18.loc Kampala. Kampala 1.Kampala Intended: 'It is the woman who is in Kampala.' 4 Syntax

> e. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman niye ni-ye cop-1sbj ali a-li 2sbj-cop mu mu 18.loc Kampala. Kampala 1.Kampala 'It is the woman who is in Kampala.'

In the negation of proper inclusion, equative and attributive clauses in present tense and with a non-pronominal subject, the invariable negative copula *ti* is used, as in (11).

	- b. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman ti ti neg.cop ma ma 1.mother wange. wa-a-nge 1-assoc-1sg 'The woman is not my mother.'
	- c. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman ti ti neg.cop mukooto. mu-kooto 1-big 'The woman is not big.'

In non-present, as in (12a), as well as with pronominal subjects, as in (12b), however, the standard negation marker*ti-* is prefixed to the copula *li* (see Section 3.3.6 on the use of *ti-* with verbs). The same marker is prefixed to the copula *ni* when the subject of the negative statement is focused, as in (12c).

	- o-mukali aug-1.woman ti-ni-ye neg-cop-1sbj mu-kooto 1-big 'It is not the woman who is big.'

#### 4.2 Clauses with non-verbal predicates

As for the negation of locational predication, as in (13a)–(13f), and predicative possession, as in (8), (13g)–(13i), the copulas *li* and *ta*, as well as the semi-copula *bba* are negated by means of the standard negation marker *ti-*.

	- b. Omusaale o-musaale aug-3.tree tiguli ti-gu-li neg-3sbj-cop mu mu 18.loc kibira. kibira 7.forest 'The tree is not in the forest.'
	- c. Omusaale o-musaale aug-3.tree guta gu-ta 3sbj-cop mu mu 18.loc kibira. kibira 7.forest 'The tree is in the forest.'
	- d. Omusaale o-musaale aug-3.tree tiguta ti-gu-ta neg-3sbj-cop mu mu 18.loc kibira. kibira 7.forest 'The tree is not in the forest.'
	- e. Omusaale o-musaale aug-3.tree gubba gu-bba 3sbj-aux mu mu 18.loc kibira. kibira 7.forest

'The tree stays in the forest/is supposed to be in the forest.'


4 Syntax

> i. Omukali o-mukali aug-1.woman tabba ti-a-bba neg-1sbj-cop na na com baana. baana 2.child 'The woman is not supposed to have children/does not stay with the children.'

Existential clauses in Ruruuli-Lunyala may be negated by means of the standard negator *ti-*. This strategy seems to be used only in non-present tense, as in (14a). It is infrequently found in the corpus and was never produced by any of the speakers in elicitation sessions. The more common strategy includes the dedicated negative existential *ndoo* and the locative enclitics that are also used in the affirmative. This construction is used for both present and non-present, as in (14b)–(14c). The origin of the negative existential is unclear and a similar form is not available in closely related languages. However, the usage of a special negation construction in at least one type of non-verbal predication is common cross-linguistically (Miestamo 2017).

	- c. Ndoowo ndoo=wo neg.EX=16.loc Munyala. Munyala 1.Munyala 'There was no Munyala.'

# **4.3 Noun phrase**

A Ruruuli-Lunyala NP consists of a head and optional dependents, which always follow it. The head is either a noun or a personal pronoun. Pronouns do not normally take dependents. The classes of dependents discussed in this chapter include determiners, pronominal and nominal possessors (Sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.2), attributive adjectives (Section 4.3.4), numerals (Section 4.3.3), as well as relative clauses (Section 4.3.5).

4.3 Noun phrase

# **4.3.1 Pronominal possessors**

The form of possessive pronouns is discussed in Section 3.2.3. Possessive pronouns follow the head noun and do not have augments, as in (15).

	- b. Amembe a-membe aug-6.horn ga ga 6.gen nte nte 1.cow wange wa-a-nge 1-assoc-1sg gasongoli. ga-songoli 6-straight 'The horns of my cow are straight.'

It is possible to use possessive pronouns without a head noun. In this case the augment attaches to the possessive pronoun, as in (16).

(16) Batume ba-tum-e 2sbj-send-sbjv abaabwe, a-ba-a-bwe aug-2-assoc-2 owange o-wa-a-nge aug-1-assoc-1sg tiyaba ti-ab-a neg-aux-fv kola kol-a do-fv ebyo. eby-o 8-med 'Let them send theirs (=their children, noun class 2) because mine (=my child, noun class 1) will not do that.'

# **4.3.2 Nominal possessors**

Apart from the constructions with possessive pronouns discussed in Section 3.2.3, Ruruuli-Lunyala also has a genitive construction with a nominal head and a nominal dependent. As we will discuss below, the head can be semantically a possessee and the dependent can be a possessor, but other semantic relations can hold between the two items. In the Ruruuli-Lunyala genitive construction, the dependent is marked by a genitive marker that consists of a pronominal prefix, which shows agreement with the head noun, and the element *a*. The terms used for the marker *a* include *connective*, as well as*connexive* or *associative marker* (see Van de Velde 2019). In the examples in this grammar sketch, we do not segment the associative marker and gloss the combination of the agreement prefix and the associative marker as gen, as e.g. in (17). (The associative marker is segmented and glossed with assoc in cases of pronominal possessors, e.g. in Section 3.2.3.)

The agreeing forms of the genitive marker are given in Table 4.2. The table does not contain the locative noun classes, as the form of the genitive marker depends on the noun class of the respective head noun in a locative phrase and

## 4 Syntax

not on the locative marker (see Section 3.1.6). For instance, in the locative phrase *omu kooti za Uganda* 'in Uganda's courts of law' the genitive *za* carries the agreement prefix of the word *kooti* 'court of law' of noun class 9 and not of class 18 for *(o)mu*.


Table 4.2: Genitive markers

The head of the genitive construction – if there is one – precedes the dependent, as the examples in (17) illustrate for some of the noun classes. The dependent does not have an augment, whereas the presence of the augment on the head noun is conditioned by the wider syntactic environment. In headless noun phrases, the genitive marker can be preceded by the augment.

As in other Bantu languages, the genitive construction is not dedicated to the expression of a specific semantic relation between the head and the dependent. Apart from the semantic relation of possession in a broad sense, including ownership, as in (17f), kinship relations, as in (17b), part-whole relations, as in (17e) and (17g), the construction is used for various other abstract relations. Thus, the dependent noun can have argument relation with the head nouns, as in (17j), it can qualify the head noun, as in (17a), classify it, as (17d) and (17h), locate it in time and space, as in (17c), and enter a number of other semantic relations, as the examples below illustrate.

	- b. omwana o-mwana aug-1.child wa wa 1.gen Bob Bob 1.Bob 'Bob's child'
	- c. omwana o-mwana aug-1.child wa wa 1.gen leero leero today 'today's child'
	- d. omukubi o-mukubi aug-3.sauce gwa gwa 3.gen maido maido 6.groundnut 'the groundnut sauce'
	- e. omukonda o-mukonda aug-3.handle gwa gwa 3.gen kikopo kikopo 7.cup 'the handle of the cup'
	- f. eryato e-ryato aug-5.boat lya lya 5.gen Musoke Musoke 1.Musoke 'Musoke's boat'
	- g. amatwi a-matwi aug-6.ear ga ga 6.gen mbwene mbwene 1.dog 'the dog's ears'
	- h. ekooti e-kooti aug-9.coat ya ya 9.gen byoya byoya 8.wool 'a wool coat'

4 Syntax


In addition to the more common cases illustrated above, the genitive construction is also found with dependent nouns in the locative noun classes, as in (18).

	- b. abantu a-bantu aug-2.man ba ba 2.gen mu mu 18.loc Kampala Kampala 1.Kampala 'people in Kampala'

# **4.3.3 Attributive numerals**

Attributive numerals follow the head noun. The numerals 1 to 5 (*mwe(i)*, 'one', *biri* 'two', *satu* 'three', *inai* 'four', and *taanu* 'five') agree with the head noun, as in (19), whereas higher numerals do not agree with the head noun, as in (20).

	- b. Cwa cw-a break-fv ekisaale e-kisaale aug-7.stick ekyo eky-o 7-med ebicweka e-bicweka aug-8.piece bibiri. bi-biri 8-two 'Break that stick into two pieces.'

4.3 Noun phrase

(20) a. Yandekeire a-a-n-lek-ir-ire 2sbj-pst-1sg.obj-leave-appl-fv abaana a-baana aug-2.child musanju. musanju seven 'He left seven children to me.'

b. Tulimu tu-li=mu 1pl.sbj-cop=18.loc ebigurupu e-bigurupu aug-8.group munaanai. munaanai eight 'We are in eight groups.'

# **4.3.4 Attributive adjectives**

The morphological properties of adjectives are discussed in Section 3.4. Below in (21) are a few examples of attributive adjectives used in a sentence. Attributive adjectives regularly follow the head noun, as in (21). They are mostly used with an augment when the head noun has an augment, as in (21a). They are used without an augment when the head noun does not have one, as in (21b).

(21) a. Omuyembe o-muyembe aug-3.mango ogubbisi o-gu-bbisi aug-3-unripe ti ti neg.cop gusai gu-sai 3-good kulya. ku-li-a inf-eat-fv 'An unripe mango is not good for eating.'

b. Timwalyanga ti-mu-a-li-a-nga neg-2sg.sbj-pst-eat-fv-hab binage binage 8.tilapia bibbisi. bi-bbisi 8-raw 'You used to not eat raw fish.'

Many concepts translated into English with adjectives are not adjectives in Ruruuli-Lunyala. Instead, various alternative strategies of nominal qualification are used. Genitive constructions (see Section 4.3.2) are a common strategy, as illustrated in (22).

(22) a. Tuli tu-li 1pl.sbj-cop bantu bantu 2.person ba ba 2.gen idembe. idembe 5.peace 'We are peaceful people.' (lit. 'We are people of peace.') b. Yaali a-a-li 1sbj-pst-cop musaiza musaiza 1.man wa wa 1.gen maani. maani 6.power 'He was a powerful man.' (lit. 'He was a man of power.')

## 4 Syntax

# **4.3.5 Relative clauses**

There are two main relativisation strategies in Ruruuli-Lunyala. The first construction makes use of the relative prefixes, which have the same form as the relativised noun's augment, viz. *a-, e-* or *o-* glossed as sbj.rel, as in (23). This strategy is used for subject relativisation only.


'We have things (i.e. birds) which spoil for us things (i.e. crops).'

The relativisation of non-subjects is achieved through the use of the relativisers given in Table 4.3 and is illustrated in (24). For the relativisation of a locative adjunct the noun class 16 relativiser *we* is used, as in (24c).

(24) a. Abamagye a-bamagye aug-2.soldier bakwata ba-kwat-a 2sbj-confiscate-fv obwato o-bwato aug-14.boat bwe bwe 14.rel basanga ba-sang-a 2sbj-find-fv oku o-ku aug-17.loc nyanja. nyanja 9.lake 'The soldiers confiscate boats they find on the lake.' b. Tulina tu-lin-a 1pl.sbj-have-fv onyonyi o-nyonyi aug-1.bird gwe [gwe 1.rel bayeta ba-et-a 2sbj-call-fv okisyo. o-kisyo] aug-1.weaver.bird 'We have a bird they call weaver bird.'

### 4.3 Noun phrase


Table 4.3: Non-subject relativisers

c. Tukwiza tu-ku-iz-a 1pl.sbj-prog-aux-fv okufuna o-ku-fun-a aug-inf-get-fv we we 16.rel twabba. tu-a-bb-a 1pl.sbj-fut-stay-fv 'We will get (a place) where we will stay.'

Headless relative clauses are also possible and very common with the relativiser of noun class 7 and 8, as in (25).

(25) a. Okubona o-ku-bon-a 2sg.sbj-prog-see-fv kye [kye 7.rel nkukoba? n-ku-kob-a] 1sg.sbj-prog-say-fv 'Do you understand what I am saying?'

## 4 Syntax

b. Yaba ab-a go-fv omukayule o-mu-kayul-e 2sg.sbj-1obj-annoy-sbjv tubone tu-bon-e 1pl.sbj-see-sbjv kye [kye 7.rel yakola. a-a-kol-a] 1sbj-fut-do-fv 'Go and annoy her, let's see what she will do.'

With both relativisation strategies, the relative clause is negated by means of the post-initital negative prefix *ta-*, as in (26a)–(26b).


# **4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice**

In Bantu linguistics the term *extension* refers to certain suffixes which follow the root of the verb. Bantu extensions include applicative, causative, passive and reciprocal, as well as a range of others, such as impositive, neuter or tentive. The inventory of extensions, as well as their functions and properties vary from language to language. In the typologically-oriented grammatical descriptions some of the extensions can be termed *diathetical operations*, that is, strategies which modify the basic diathesis of a predicate (see e.g. Zúñiga & Kittilä (2019: 4). Another strategy, namely the reflexive prefix is not part of the Bantu system of extensions, however, it is a diathetical operation according to this definition. The term *(grammatical) voice* refers to the grammatical category whose values correspond to particular diathesis marked on the form of predicates. Diathetical operations involve two types of processes. On the one hand, there are modifications of valency in the sense of the number of arguments in the semantic argument structure, these processes are referred to as *argument installment*, when new arguments are added to the semantic structure of the clause as syntactic

#### 4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice

core argument, or *removal*, when arguments are removed to the semantic structure of the clause. On the other hand, there are changes in the morpho-syntactic properties of the arguments or syntactic transitivity, these processes are argument *promotion* and *demotion* (including *suppression*) (Zúñiga & Kittilä 2019: 4). Promoted arguments acquire morpho-syntactic properties, such as the ability to be indexed on the verb or participate in certain syntactic operations, whereas demoted arguments loose certain morpho-syntactic properties.

All Bantu extensions are occasionally indiscriminately treated as derivational by some Bantu scholars (e.g. Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019). However, the productivity of individual extensions as well as the transparency of the meaning of the resulting form varies, so that some extensions, such as passive, are on the inflectional side of the inflection-derivation spectrum, whereas others are purely derivational.

Most of the Ruruuli-Lunyala extensions discussed in this section can be categorised as various categories of grammatical voice according to the definition above. As the sections below show, one or more extensions may be suffixed to the root. We first discuss the grammatical voices and the respective extensions which increase the semantic valency of the respective verb, these are the applicative (Section 4.4.1) and the causative (Section 4.4.2). We will next consider the grammatical voices which only modify the transitivity of the verb and thus the morpho-syntactic structure of a clause, but do not alter the argument structure of the verb (i.e. the number and semantic argument roles of the involved participant remains the same). These are the passive voice discussed in Section 4.4.3, as well as the reflexive (Section 4.4.6) and reciprocal (Section 4.4.5) voices. In this section we also discuss the impersonal passive, as its functions are similar to the regular passive, though it is not an extension and not a grammatical voice technically (Section 4.4.4).

# **4.4.1 Applicative**

The distribution of the allomorphs of the Ruruuli-Lunyala applicative suffix *-ir* is discussed in Section 3.3.7.1. This section presents some of the major functions of the applicative construction. As in some other Bantu languages, the causative extension in Ruruuli-Lunyala has acquired an instrumental applicative function, it is discussed in Section 4.4.2.

The major characteristic of an applicative construction cross-linguistically is to allow the coding of an adjunct as an object (Peterson 2006: 1). One of the major usages of the applicative construction in Ruruuli-Lunyala is to add a beneficiary to a clause, which is then coded as an object, i.e. it is not overtly flagged,

## 4 Syntax

as in (27a), and is indexed on the verb under the same conditions under which regular objects are indexed on the verb, as in (27b) (see Section 3.3.1).<sup>5</sup>

(27) a. Asumbiire a-sumb-ir-ire 1sbj-cook-appl-pfv omwana o-mwana aug-1.child ebiyaata. e-biyaata aug-8.potato 'She has cooked potatoes for the child.' b. Nkoorayo n-kol-ir-a=yo 1sg.obj-make-appl-fv=23.loc omusokoto o-musokoto aug-3.hand-rolled\_cigarette gwa gwa 3.gen taaba. taaba 1.tobacco 'Make for me a hand-rolled cigarette.'

The second most common context for the use of the applicative is somewhat unusual: It is commonly used when there is an adjunct marked by one of the locative classes (see Section 3.1.6). The applicative seems to be particularly common with the phrases marked by the noun class 18 *(o)mu*. In this case, the locative marking is preserved and no promotion to object takes place. The respective locative-marked noun phrase most frequently encodes a location, as in (28), or a manner of action, as in (29).


<sup>5</sup> It remains a topic for future research to consider the syntactic properties of applied object and compare them to the properties of regular objects.

4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice

	- b. Obote Obote 1.Obote yabaziranga a-a-baz-ir-a-nga 1sbj-pst-speak-appl-fv-hab mu mu 18.loc ngero. ngero 10.parable 'Obote used to speak in parables.'

Furthermore, the presence of certain manner adverbs in a clause strongly correlates with the use of the applicative. They include *bwereere* 'for no reason' and *kyarumwe* 'for good, forever, definitively', as in (30) (see also Atuhairwe 2019).

	- b. Omutaani o-mutaani aug-1.som waamwe wa-a-mwe 1-assoc-1 yamukubbiire a-a-mu-kubb-ir-ire 1sbj-pst-1obj-beat-appl-pfv bwereere. bwereere for\_no\_reason 'He has beaten his son for no reason.'

# **4.4.2 Causative**

Ruruuli-Lunyala has two causative suffixes viz. *-isy* (with the allomorphs [isj] and [esj]) and *-y*. The distribution of the allomorphs is discussed in Section 3.3.7.2. Causatives increase the semantic valency of predicates by introducing a new agent (a causer) into the argument structure (see e.g. Zúñiga & Kittilä 2019: 15 for a recent overview). Causatives also increase the transitivity of predicates by one and the added argument functions as the syntactic subject.

Compare the three examples in (31). Whereas (31a) contains the underived form of the intransitive verb *bina* 'dance', (31b) and (31c) have transitive verbs with a new agent (the person who causes another person to dance), which functions as the subject of the predicate. The agent of the corresponding non-causative form functions as the object of the causative and can be expressed with an object prefix on the verb, as in (31c). Further examples are given in (32)–(33).

	- b. Obinisya o-bin-isy-a 2sg.sbj-dance-caus-fv omaama. o-maama aug-1.mother 'You make (my) mother dance.'
	- c. Omubinisya. o-mu-bin-isy-a 2sg.sbj-1obj-dance-caus-fv 'You make her dance.'
	- b. Nibataka ni-ba-tak-a nar-2sbj-want-fv okutubandwisya o-ku-tu-bandw-isy-a aug-inf-1pl.obj-worship-caus-fv oKawumpuli. o-Kawumpuli aug-1.Kawumpuli 'They wanted to make us worship Kawumpuli.'
	- 1pl.sbj-1obj-pay-caus-fv aug-1.sheep 'We make him pay a sheep (as a fine).'

#### 4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice

In addition to productive causatives discussed above, dozens of lexicalised causatives are listed in the dictionary. Most of them are built with the causative suffix *-y*. Consider the pair of examples in (34).

(34) a. Airukire. a-iruk-ire 1sbj-run-pfv 'He ran.' b. Batwirukya. ba-tu-iruky-a 2sbj-1pl.obj-chase-fv

'They chase us away.' (lit. 'They make us run.')

As in some other Bantu languages (see e.g. Schadeberg & Bostoen 2019: 175– 176),<sup>6</sup> the causative suffix in Ruruuli-Lunyala has acquired another function and is used to introduce an instrument (in a broad sense) into a clause akin to what applicative does in other languages. This instrument does not become a subject of the predicate and does not replace the original agent in the subject position, instead it is added as an object, consider (35).

	- b. Omutoma o-mutoma aug-3.Ficus\_natalensis ogwo ogw-o 3-med bagwombokesyanga ba-gu-ombok-esy-a-nga 2sbj-3obj-build-caus-fv-hab amayumba. a-mayumba aug-6.house 'That bark cloth tree (Lat. *Ficus natalensis*), it is used it to build houses.'

The nature of the introduced instrument varies and includes tools (36c), body parts (36b), materials (35b), as well as people who assist in an activity (36c).

<sup>6</sup> See also Peterson (2006: 64–65) on the causative-applicative isomorphism more generally.

## 4 Syntax

(36) a. Nadala nadala especially abantu a-bantu aug-2.people ababbanga a-ba-bb-a-nga rel-2sbj-aux-fv-hab bakwetaaga ba-ku-eetaag-a 2sbj-prog-need-fv emiyo e-miyo aug-4.knife gini gi-ni 4-prox okukekesya o-ku-kek-esy-a aug-inf-slice-caus-fv ebiteere… e-biteere aug-8.sweet\_potatoe 'Especially people who needed these knives to slice sweet potatoes, …' b. Onenesya o-nen-esy-a 2sg.sbj-bite-caus-fv amaino. a-maino aug-6.tooth 'You bite using the teeth.' c. Eirai e-irai aug-in\_the\_past abantu a-bantu aug-2.man beyambisyanga ba-ee-yamb-isy-a-nga 2sbj-refl-help-caus-fv-hab muno muno much abantu a-bantu aug-2.man abakulu. a-ba-kulu aug-2-elderly 'In the past, people used to help themselves a lot with (the advice from) elders.'

# **4.4.3 Passive**

The passive voice is characterised by the reduced morpho-syntactic transitivity of the verb (e.g. the passive verb is intransitive when its active counterpart is transitive). Furthermore, the morpho-syntactic properties of the agent argument and the patient argument are affected. In comparison to an active clause, the agent argument is syntactically demoted and often suppressed, whereas the patient argument is promoted and acquires the morpho-syntactic properties of the subject (see Zúñiga & Kittilä 2019: 83–84 on the prototypical passive).

Ruruuli-Lunyala has a productive passive construction. It is marked by the post-radical/pre-final suffix *-ibw* (with the allomorphs [ibw] and [ebw]) or *-w* (see Section 3.3.7.3 on the distribution of the allomorphs). The patient argument of a transitive verb is promoted to the subject in the passive clause, for instance, it triggers the subject agreement on the verb, compare the two examples in (37). In the active clause in (37a) the agent argument of the verb *nena* 'bite' triggers the subject agreement on the verb; whereas in the passive counterpart with the same verb in (37b) the promoted patient argument triggers the subject agreement. The demoted agent argument can be realised in the same clause and does not receive any special marking, as e.g. *emida* 'lice' and *enjunzai* 'jiggers' in (37b).

#### 4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice

	- b. Twanenibwe tu-a-nen-eibwe 1pl.sbj-pst-bite-pass:pfv emida e-mida aug-4.louse enjunzai. e-njunzai aug-10.jigger 'We were bitten by lice, jiggers.'

# **4.4.4 Impersonal passive**

In addition to the passive voice construction discussed in Section 4.4.3 above, Ruruuli-Lunyala regularly employs what might be called an impersonal passive construction (or detailed studies of this construction in other Bantu languages, see e.g.Givón 1995: 74–75, 96–97, Kawasha 2007 and Kula & Marten 2010). In this construction illustrated in (38), the verb has the class 2 subject prefix *ba-*, which is interpreted as non-referential: There is never an overt subject in the same clause and no subject referent can be reconstructed from the discourse. Morphologically, this construction is unmarked, that is, it is still an active construction. If expressed by a noun phrase, the patient argument is frequently fronted, as in (38b). The patient argument still triggers the object agreement on the verb, that is, it is not promoted to the subject (at least not with respect to agreement). Whether it acquires any morpho-syntactic properties of the subject in Ruruuli-Lunyala, as e.g. is claimed for the *ba-*passive construction in Bemba (Kula & Marten 2010), remains a topic for further research.

	- b. Omwojo o-mwojo aug-1.boy oyo oyo 1.med baamusiramwire. ba-a-mu-siramw-ire 2sbj-pst-1obj-circumcise-pfv 'That boy was circumcised.'

# **4.4.5 Reciprocal**

The term 'reciprocal' is used to refer to situations with a meaning of the type '(to/of/against/from/with/on/at/etc.) each other', i.e. situations which involve at

## 4 Syntax

least two participants which are in the identical reverse relation to each other. That is, these participants all perform two identical semantic roles (e.g. of an agent and a patient) (see Nedjalkov 2007: 6–7). For instance, in (39), both Nakato and Babirye perform two semantic roles, viz. the agent and the patient at the same time and the example contains two subevents presented as one: (a) Nakato hits Babirye and (b) Babirye hits Nakato.

In the Ruruuli-Lunyala reciprocal construction the involved participants are expressed either as a comitative noun phrase, as in (39), or as a noun phrase in the plural, as in (40). The construction is marked by the suffix *-angan*. The morphology of the reciprocal marking is discussed in Section 3.3.7.4.


# **4.4.6 Reflexive**

The reflexive in Ruruuli-Lunyala is marked by the prefix *ee-*. <sup>7</sup> The reflexive prefix immediately precedes the verb stem and derives from the Proto-Bantu *\*i-* (Meeussen 1967: 109–110). This is the only diathetical operation in Ruruuli-Lunyala marked by a prefix and not by a suffix and is thus not considered an extension in Bantu studies.

The reflexive prefix *ee-* is obligatorily used when the patient argument of a transitive verb is referentially identical with its agent argument in the subject function. Compare the two clause with the transitive verb *swaka* 'to cover' in (41). In the transitive construction in (41a) the agent and the patient arguments are referentially not identical, whereas in the intransitive reflexive construction in (41b) the agent and the patient are referentially identical.

<sup>7</sup> For orthographic considerations, the reflexive verbs are spelled with one <e> when listed as headwords in the dictionary.

#### 4.4 Extensions, diathetical operations, and grammatical voice

	- b. Weesweke o-ee-swek-e 2sg.sbj-refl-cover-sbjv ebbulangiti. e-bbulangiti aug-9.blanket 'Cover yourself with the blanket.'

With ditransitive verbs the prefix *ee-* is used when the recipient (or goal) argument is referentially identical with the A argument, compare the two examples in (42) with the stem *alika* 'to name, give name'.

(42) a. Tukwaba tu-ku-ab-a 1pl.sbj-prog-aux-fv kwalika ku-alik-a inf-name-fv abaana a-baana aug-2.child amabara. a-mabara aug-6.name 'We are going to give the children names.'


Furthermore, the prefix *ee-* is used to indicate coreference between the agent argument in the subject roles and an applied object (mostly, a beneficiary, see Section 4.4.1). Compare the two examples in (43). In (43a), the transitive verb *luma* 'to cultivate' takes an agent and a patient argument. In (43b), the beneficiary is introduced with the applicative suffix *-ir* and the reflexive prefix *ee-* indicates that the beneficiary is referentially identical with the subject argument.


## 4 Syntax

In addition to the productive reflexive construction discussed above, Ruruuli-Lunyala has dozens of reflexiva tantum verbs, i.e. verbs which do not form a derivative opposition with any verb in modern Ruruuli-Lunyala. Some of them are listed in (44).8,9 These verbs can be intransitive (44a) and transitive (44b). An example sentence is provided in (45).

	- b. Transitive: *ega* 'to learn', *eteja* 'to understand, comprehend, grasp', *ebutuka* 'to respond, answer', *esamba* 'to avoid', *eyayira* 'to threaten'

Furthermore, a large number of reflexive verbs have non-reflexive counterparts but have undergone semantic derivation and have semantic components absent in the non-reflexive counterparts. Such lexicalised reflexive verbs have sometimes also undergone idiosyncratic changes to their valency and/or transitivity. For instance, the lexicalised intransitive reflexive verb *esobola* 'to be capable', as in (46b), derives from the modal verb *sobola* 'can, to be able to' which regularly takes an infinitive complement, as in (46a) (see Section 4.7 on modal verbs).

	- b. Baleetanga ba-leet-a-nga 2sbj-bring-fv-hab mbuli mbuli 10.goat n' ni even onte o-nte aug-1.cow

<sup>8</sup>Reflexiva tantum and semantic non-reversible reflexive verbs discussed below are widespread in the Bantu languages (see e.g. Marlo 2015 for examples from a range of Bantu languages). <sup>9</sup>Reflexiva tantum can be distinguished from verb roots which happen to begin with an /ee/, e.g. *eya* 'to sweep', as only the latter can form the imperative construction with a bare stem and the final vowel. The imperative of the reflexiva tantum can be built only using the form with the subject prefix and the subjunctive suffix, as in (45), see the discussion of the examples in (59) earlier in the book.

4.5 Interrogatives

akwesobola. a-ku-esobol-a 1sbj-prog-be\_capable(refl)-fv 'They could bring goats, even a cow in case one was capable.'

# **4.5 Interrogatives**

There are two main types of interrogative clauses in Ruruuli-Lunyala: polar or yes-no questions are discussed in Section 4.5.1, whereas content questions are discussed in Section 4.5.2.

# **4.5.1 Polar interrogatives**

Polar questions in Ruruuli-Lunyala are not morphologically marked and the constituent order is identical to that of declarative sentences, as the example with a question-answer pair in (47) illustrates. A distinct intonation pattern, as well as the context are the sole indications of polar questions.

	- b. Omusyetete o-musyetete aug-3.mousebird ngumaite. n-gu-maite 1sg.sbj-3obj-know:pfv 'I know the mousebird.'

# **4.5.2 Content interrogatives**

Ruruuli-Lunyala makes use of a number of question words which can be divided into two groups: (i) non-agreeing invariable interrogatives and (ii) agreeing interrogatives (see Table 4.4). The basic word order of constituent questions is mostly identical to the one in declarative clauses. However, the position of the question words varies: The question word *lwaki* 'why' is aways clause-initial. *ayi* 'where', *di* 'when', and *tayi* 'how' either exclusively or primarily follow the verb. *naani* 'who', *mekai* and *ngai* 'how many, how much' occur in situ. Finally, the position of *kiki*/*ki* 'what' and other agreeing forms of 'what' varies.

### 4 Syntax


Table 4.4: Question words

## **4.5.2.1** *lwaki* **'why'**

The question word *lwaki* 'why' asks about reason. It is the only question word which always occurs clause-initially, as in (48a). The question word can be preceded by clausal conjunctions if there are any, as in (48b), as well as by topicalised objects, as in (48c).

	- b. Naye naye but lwaki lwaki why tobyala? ti-o-byal-a neg-2sg.sbj-give\_birth-fv 'But why don't you bear children?'
	- c. Ebintu e-bintu aug-8.thing byamu bi-a-mu 8-assoc-2sg lwaki lwaki why obikola o-bi-kol-a 2sg.sbj-8obj-do-fv biralebirale? biralebirale carelessly 'Why do you do your things carelessly?'

# **4.5.2.2** *ayi* **'where'**

To ask for a location or direction, the question word *ayi* 'where' is used. Usually it occurs clause-finally in situ, as in (49a). However, the position after the

### 4.5 Interrogatives

verb seems to be also possible when there is an object, as in the elicited example in (49a). In non-verbal clauses (see Section 4.2 for details) the question word *ayi* 'where' seems to fuse with the copula *li*, as in (49c).

	- b. Watoire o-a-tol-ire 2sg.sbj-pst-get-pfv ayi ayi where obuyinza o-buyinza aug-14.permission okuvuga o-ku-vug-a aug-inf-drive-fv mmotoka mmotoka 9.car yange? ya-a-nge 9-assoc-1sg 'Where did you get the permission to drive my car?' c. Ati owaamu alayi?
	- Ati now o-wa-a-mu aug-1-assoc-2sg a-li-ayi 1sbj-cop-where 'Now where is yours?'

## **4.5.2.3** *di* **'when'**

The question word *di* 'when' is used to ask about the time of an event or state and is illustrated in (50). It occurs immediately after the verb, whereas the position of temporal adverbials (adverbs and noun phrases) varies.

	- a-a-ab-ire 1sbj-pst-go-pfv di when 'When did he go?'

## **4.5.2.4** *naani* **'who'**

The question word *naani* 'who, whom, whose' asks about animate participants. It occurs in situ and is most commonly attested in the subject position. The fol-

## 4 Syntax

lowing examples illustrate this question word used to ask about various clause participants, as well as the respectively variable position within the clause. The question is about the subject in (51a), whereas it is about the object in (51b), and about the possessor in (51c). In (51a) the question is about the subject, it is about the object in (51b), and about the possessor in (51c). In the last case, the question word *naani* follows the genitive *wa*, see Section 4.3.2.

	- b. Okudomawalya o-ku-domawaly-a 2sg.sbj-prog-fool-fv naani? naani who 'Whom are you fooling?'
	- c. Mwala mwala 1.daughter wa wa 1.gen naani? naani who 'Whose daughter is she?'

The interrogative pronoun *naani* does not bear a noun class prefix unless it unambiguously has a plural referent, then it takes the prefix *ba-*, as in (52).

(52) a. Kayisi kaisi by.the.way banaani? ba-naani 2-who 'By the way who are they?' b. Bakusasula ba-ku-sasul-a 2sbj-prog-pay-fv banaani? ba-naani 2-who

'To whom are they paying'

# **4.5.2.5** *ki, kiki, biki, bikiki***, etc. 'what'**

To ask the 'what' question either the non-agreeing question word *ki*, as in (53a), or its agreeing variants are used. Among the agreeing forms, the word-form *kiki* with the class 7 prefix *ki-*, as in (53b), is the most common one. The plural agreeing forms of class 8 *bi-ki* '8-what', as in (53c) and *bi-kiki* '8-what' are also com-

### 4.5 Interrogatives

mon,<sup>10</sup> Occasionally other agreeing can be used if the expected answer is a noun or other word of a specific noun class, as e.g. *mu-ki* '1-what' in (55b).

	- b. Bagabiika ba-ga-biik-a 2sbj-6obj-keep-fv mu mu 18.loc kiki? kiki what 'Where do they keep it?' (lit. 'They keep it in what?')
	- c. Mukubaza mu-ku-baz-a 2pl.sbj-prog-talk-fv bikiki? bi-kiki 8-what 'What are you talking?'
	- d. Mukukola mu-ku-kol-a 2pl.sbj-prog-do-fv biki? bi-ki 8-what 'What are you doing?'

Two major syntactic strategies to ask a 'what' question are available: In addition to the less strategy illustrated in (53), where the question word is placed clause-finally, another common strategy is to use a construction with a relative clause and a question word in situ, as in (54) (see Section 4.3.5, for the description of the relative clause structure). Further research is needed to identify what determines the preferences for the various constructions and forms.


<sup>10</sup>The form *bi-kiki* suggests that the agreeing form *ki-ki* '7-what' is reanalysed as a non-agreeing stem *kiki* 'what'.

### 4 Syntax

The question words discussed above are also frequently used clause-finally primarily in rhetorical questions to which the speaker himself immediately provides an answer, as in (55).

	- c. Byona by-ona 8-all byona by-ona 8-all biriga bi-lig-a 8-come\_from-fv mu mu 18.loc kiki? ki-ki 7-what Mu mu 18.loc nte. nte 10.cattle 'All that come from what? From the cattle.'

# **4.5.2.6** *tyai* **'how'**

The question word *tyai* 'how' is used to ask about the manner of an action or a state and is illustrated in (56). It immediately follows the verb. It always shows agreement with the subject of the clause.

	- b. Agenda agenda 9.agenda eri e-li 1sbj-cop etyai? e-tyai 9-how 'How is the agenda?'
	- c. Bawangwire ba-wangul-ire 2sbj-succeed\_in-pfv batyai ba-tyai 2-how akalulu? a-kalulu aug-12.election 'How did they win the elections?'

4.6 Other illocutions

## **4.5.2.7** *ingai/mekai* **'how much/how many'**

The interrogative stems *ingai* and *mekai* 'how much/how many' are used to ask about the quantity of something. They seem to be used interchangeably. Both forms always follow and show agreement with the noun they modify, e.g. the form *zingai* in (57a) shows agreement with the noun *gologolo* 'container (10)', *emekai* in (57b) agrees with the noun *miruka* 'parish (4)', whereas *bamekai* in (57c) shows agreement in class 2 with a human plural referent, which not overtly expressed in this clause.


2sbj-how\_many rel-2sbj-go-pfv aug-yesterday 'How many (people) went yesterday?'

# **4.6 Other illocutions**

The category of illocution is concerned with identifying sentences as instances of specific types of speech act Hengeveld (2004: 1190). In addition to declaratives and interrogatives discussed earlier (Sections 4.1 and 4.5 respectively), this section describes the expression of other most frequent illocutions, viz. the imperative (Section 4.6.1), as well as the less common ones, such as the prohibitive (Section 4.6.2), as well as the hortative and jussive (Section 4.6.3). As the sections below make clear, they are organized according to types of speech act and not according to their formal properties.

## 4 Syntax

# **4.6.1 Imperative construction**

There are two imperative constructions in Ruruuli-Lunyala. The first one is used for singular addressees. It is the only independent verb form in Ruruuli-Lunyala that lacks the subject prefix and is marked with the final vowel. It is formed by the verb stem with optional extensions followed by the final vowel *-a*, as in (58a). The second construction is used for plural addressees: it is formed by prefixing the regular subject prefix to the verb stem and suffixing the subjunctive suffix *-e*, as in (58b). These two examples illustrate that there is no one-to-one relation between illocutionary functions and formal mood categories: for the same illocutionary function of imperative two mood suffixes – indicative in (58a) and subjunctive in (58b) – are used.

(58) a. Iza.

iz-a come-fv 'Come.' b. Mwize.

mu-iz-e 2pl.sbj-come-sbjv 'You (pl.), come.'

Whereas the indicative construction illustrated in (58a) is used to form the second person singular imperative with the majority of verbs, there are deviations from this pattern: all the reflexive verbs – including a substantial number of reflexiva tantum – form the second person singular imperative using the regular subject prefix and the subjunctive suffix *-e*, as in (59a). The same construction is used with the second person plural imperative of reflexive verbs, as is illustrated with a reflexive tantum verb in (59b).

	- b. Mwesambe mu-eesamb-e 2pl.sbj-avoid-sbjv entalo. entalo 10.fight 'Avoid fights!' (plural addressee)

### 4.6 Other illocutions

When the imperative construction consists of two verbs, e.g. a verb of motion followed by another verb, the second verb takes the regular second person singular or plural subject prefix and the subjunctive suffix, as in (60a). If the subject is a second person plural addressee, as expected, also the first verb takes the subject prefix and the subjunctive suffix, as in (60b).

	- b. Mu-iz-e 2pl.sbj-come-sbjv mw-eroor-e 2pl.sbj-see-sbjv o-ku aug-17.loc musyoli! 1.magician 'Come and see the magician!'

Finally, imperatives with an object indexing deviate from the two major patterns discussed above: They take the subjunctive suffix both with a second person singular and with a plural addressee, see (61b)–(61c). The use of the final vowel *-a* in an imperative construction with object agreement prefixes is ungrammatical, as in (61d)–(61e). However, they do not take any subject agreement prefixes, compare (61c) with (61e).

	- b. Zi-kubb-e! zi-kubb-e! 10obj-polish-sbjv 'Polish them (e.g. shoes)!'
	- c. Mu-zi-kubb-e! mu-zi-kubb-e 2pl.sbj-10obj-polish-sbjv 'You (pl.), polish them (e.g. shoes)!'
	- d. \*zi-kubb-a 10obj-polish-fv Intended: 'Polish them (e.g. shoes)!'
	- e. \*mu-zi-kubb-a/-e 2pl.sbj-10obj-polish-fv/-sbjv Intended: 'You (pl.), polish them (e.g. shoes)!'

## 4 Syntax

# **4.6.2 Prohibitive construction**

The prohibitive construction is used to express a prohibition addressed to a single or plural addressee. In the prohibitive construction, the postinitial negation marker *ta-* or its allomorph *t-* and the final vowel *-a* are used, as in (62a). Sometimes, the regular negative form with the prefix *ti-* is used to express negative imperative semantics. This seems to be the case when the statement is rather an instruction than a command. In contrast to the imperative discussed above, there is no deviation from this rule when it comes to reflexive verbs, as in (62b) with a reflexiva tantum, second person plural subjects, as in (62c), or with verb forms with object indices, as in (62d).

	- b. Oteebulyabulya. o-ta-eebulyabuly-a 2sg.sbj-neg-be\_evasive-fv 'Don't be evasive.'
	- c. Mutakubba mu-ta-kubb-a 2pl.sbj-neg-polish-fv nkaito. nkaito 10.shoes 'You (pl.), don't polish the shoes.'
	- d. Otazikubba. o-ta-zi-kubb-a 2sg.sbj-neg-10obj-polish-fv 'Don't polish them (e.g. the shoes).'

The prohibitive construction used when there are two verbs is slightly different from the imperative construction with one verb. Whereas the second verb carries the subject prefix and subjunctive suffix in the affirmative, as in (60a)– (60b), in the negative the infinitive is used instead both with a singular and plural addressee, as in (63a) and (63b) respectively.

(63) a. Otayaba o-ta-ab-a 2sg.sbj-neg-go\_away-fv kusyoma ku-syom-a inf-fetch-fv maizi. maizi 6.water 'Don't go to fetch water.'

4.6 Other illocutions

b. Mutayaba mu-ta-ab-a 2pl.sbj-neg-go\_away-fv kusyoma ku-syom-a inf-fetch-fv maizi. maizi 6.water 'You (pl.), don't go and bring water.'

# **4.6.3 Hortative and jussive construction**

Hortative refers to the function of an expression to encourage or incite someone to action, specifically to the first person plural forms (i.e. to the constructions of the type 'let us VERB'). The Ruruuli-Lunyala hortative is constructed by affixing the first person plural subject agreement marker to the verb and the subjunctive suffix *-e*, which replaces the final vowel *-a*. This construction is illustrated in (64a). In the negative hortative construction, the postinitial negation marker *ta-* and final vowel *-a* are used, as in (64b).

	- b. Tutaigala tu-ta-igal-a 1pl.sbj-neg-close-fv lwige. lwige 11.door 'Let's not close the door.'

In order to form a jussive, the same construction as in hortative is used but with a non-first person plural subject, as in (65).

	- ba-ta-igal-a 2sbj-neg-close-fv madirisa 10.window 'Let them not close the windows.'

## 4 Syntax

# **4.7 Modal verbs**

Modal predicates have meanings such as 'may' and 'can' and describe likelihood, possibility, ability, permission and obligation (see e.g. Palmer 2001: 33). We follow van der Auwera & Plungian (1998) and distinguish two major types of modal expression, viz. possibility and necessity, as well as four modality domains viz. participant-internal modality, participant-external modality with a subtype of deontic modality, as well as epistemic modality. The various types are briefly summarised below following van der Auwera & Plungian (1998: 80–81). Participantinternal modality refers to a kind of possibility or necessity internal to a participant engaged in the state of affairs, i.e. to a participant's ability or capacity in the first case and to his internal need in the second case. By contrast, participantexternal modality refers to circumstances that are external to the participant engaged in the state of affairs, these are the circumstances that make this state of affairs either possible or necessary. Deontic modality identifies the enabling or obliging circumstances external to the participant as someone (often the speaker of the utterance) or some social or ethical norms permit or oblige the participant to engage in the state of affairs. Finally, epistemic modality refers to a judgment of the speaker: the speaker judges a proposition as either uncertain or probable.

In Ruruuli-Lunyala at least six different verbs are regularly used as modal predicates. Some of these verbs are attested in other West Nyanza languages with similar meanings (see e.g.Nabirye 2016: 313, Kawalya et al. 2018). Below we illustrate these modal verbs and discuss the types of modality they express.

Possibility is expressed in Ruruuli-Lunyala by the modal verbs *sobola* and *yinza* both translated as 'can, may, be able'. These two verbs can express all possibility domains: participant-internal possibility, as in (66a) and (67a), nondeontic participant-external possibility, deontic participant-external possibility, as in (66b), as well as epistemic possibility, as in (67b).

	- b. Osobola o-sobol-a 2sg.sbj-can-fv okwaba o-ku-ab-a aug-inf-go-fv omu o-mu aug-18.loc kanisa. kanisa 9.church 'You can go to church.'

4.7 Modal verbs

(67) a. Oyinza o-yinz-a 2sg.sbj-can-fv kunfunirayo ku-n-fun-ir-a=yo inf-1sg.obj-get-appl-fv=23.loc onkowu o-nkowu aug-1.guinea\_fowl omwei? o-mwei 1-one 'Can you get me one guinea fowl?' b. E e 23.loc Kidera Kidera Kidera eyo eyo there omu o-mu aug-18.loc katale katale 12.market gayinza ga-yinz-a 6sbj-can-fv

> okubbayoku. o-ku-bb-a=yo=ku aug-inf-be-fv=23.loc=17.loc

'There may be some (spears to buy) there at Kidera in the market.'

Necessity is expressed by the modal verbs *lina* and *teekwa* both translated as 'must, have to'. Both of these verbs are used to express deontic (68a) and nondeontic participant-external necessity. Only *teekwa* is found in our corpus to express epistemic necessity, as in (68b).

	- ka-teek-a 12sbj-must-fv o-ku-bba=mu aug-inf-be=18.loc o-mu aug-18.loc kidoodolo. kidoodolo 7.granary 'It must be there in the granary.'

All the modal verbs discussed above occur exclusively with infinitive complements. To express participant-internal necessity the verb *endya* and occasionally *taka* are used. In most cases they are used with the meaning 'want' and in this meaning they take both infinitive and subjunctive complements primarily conditioned by whether the subject of the matrix clause and the complement verb are identical. In their modal meaning, they also allow for these two complementation strategies under the same conditions. With the same subject in the two clauses we find an infinitive complement, as in (69). In addition to these two verbs, the corpus contains a few tokens of the verb *etaaga* 'need', which is also used to express participant-internal necessity.

4 Syntax

(69) Nkwendya n-ku-yendy-a 1sg.sbj-prog-need-fv kutanaka. ku-tanak-a inf-vomit-fv 'I need to vomit.'

Of the verbs discussed above, only some are also found as lexical verbs taking nominal objects. *sobola* has the meaning 'manage smth./smb.' when used as the main verb, *etaaga* is used as 'need smth.', *lina* is common as 'have smth./smb.' (see also Footnote 4), *taka* and *yendya* both meaning 'want smth./smb.'.

# **4.8 Complement clauses**

There are three main complement types in Ruruuli-Lunyala depending on the complement verb form: indicative complements with the final vowel suffix *-a* on the verb, subjunctive complements with the verb suffix *-e*, as well and infinitive complements, which are marked with the class 15 prefix *ku-* glossed here as inf. The most frequent and versatile complement type in Ruruuli-Lunyala is the infinitive complement, which occurs with all classes of complement-taking predicates except for perception predicates (Sørensen & Witzlack-Makarevich 2020).

In indicative complements, the complement's verb form does not differ from an independent declarative clause's verb form: There is the obligatory subject agreement and optional object agreement on the verb. Furthermore, the verb can occur with the same TA-categories as a verb in an independent declarative clause. When the verb in an indicative complement is to be negated, the standard negator *ti-* is used, as in (70) (see also Sørensen & Witzlack-Makarevich 2020).


As we discussed in Section 3.3.5, the Ruruuli-Lunyala subjunctive is used in independent clauses to express positive jussive and hortative, as in (71a), as well as optative and modal meanings. The negation of a subjunctive complement seems highly unnatural and is not found in the corpus.

4.8 Complement clauses

	- b. Otaka o-tak-a 2sg.sbj-want-fv oteewo [o-ta-e=wo 2sg.sbj-put-sbjv=16.loc olukonko. o-lukonko] aug-11.rift 'You want to cause a rift.'

The third type of complement clauses contains the infinitive verb form. In order to form the infinitive, class 15 prefix *ku-* is added to the verb stem that is followed by the final vowel *-a*. The class prefix is often preceded by the corresponding augment *o-*. The distribution of the augment is conditioned by a range of syntactic and semantic factors and its description goes beyond the scope of the present study. Suffice it to say that the augment *o-* cannot be used on the infinitive when the complement-taking predicate is negated, as in (72) (cf. Sørensen & Witzlack-Makarevich 2020).


Infinitives themselves are negated by means of the postinitial negation marker *ta-*. When negated, the infinitive carries the class 14 prefix *bu-* instead of the regular class 15 prefix *ku-*. The class prefix can be preceded by the respective augment *o-*, as in (73). It is not yet clear under which circumstances the speakers prefer to negate the infinitive directly instead of negating the matrix verb. In any case, the patter with *bu-* is used to negate infinitives also when they do not form a complement.


## 4 Syntax

# **4.9 Adverbials**

This section discusses several types of adverbials. We use the term "adverbial" to refer to the elements that serve to specify further the circumstances of the verbal or sentential referent (see Maienborn & Schäfer 2008). We start with a discussion of the use of most common semantic classes of adverbs: manner adverbs (Section 4.9.1), temporal adverbs (Section 4.9.2), and degree adverbs (Section 4.9.3). We also touch upon adverbial clauses in Section 4.9.4.

# **4.9.1 Manner adverbs**

Manner adverbs are used to specify the manner in which an eventuality or an action unfolds. This is a relatively large class in Ruuruli-Lunyala showing various derivation patterns, some examples are given in (68) above. The following examples illustrate how manner adverbs are used. (74a)–(74b) are typical examples with the adverb immediately following the verb, whereas (74c) shows that it is also possible to have the adverb clause-finally after the object.


# **4.9.2 Temporal adverbs**

Temporal adverbs form a large class of adverbs. They are morphologically different from other adverbs as they can occur with the augment, as e.g. *e-mambya*

4.9 Adverbials

(aug-tomorrow) 'tomorrow' in (75a). They occur either clause-initially, as in (75a), or clause-finally, as in (75b).

	- b. Yaliire a-a-liire 1sbj-pst-eat:pfv enyaawo e-nyaawo aug-9.udder\_meat eigolo. e-igolo aug-yesterday\_evening 'He ate udder meat yesterday evening.'

# **4.9.3 Degree adverbs**

A few adverbs of degree are used both in positive clauses as well as in negative ones to reinforce negation. They include *kimwe(i)* 'totally, completely', *kaakimwe(i)* 'thoroughly, totally', and *kakyarumwe(i)* 'totally, completely'. These adverbs usually directly follow the verb they modify, as in (76):


1sbj-pst-1obj-beat-appl:pfv thoroughly 'He beat him thoroughly.'

When used with negative constructions, these adverbs are often translated as 'at all'. However, they express different degrees of reinforcement. Specifically, *kimwei* adds the least fortification to a negative statement, as in (77b). The reinforcement is strengthened when *kaakimwei* is used, as in (77c). The strongest fortification of negation is achieved by the use of *kakyarumwei*, as in (77d) (see also Ruppert et al. 2021+). Note that with these adverbs, the verb takes an applicative suffix both in negative and in positive forms, compare (77a) with (77b)–(77c).

## 4 Syntax

	- b. Tinlyaira ti-n-lyair-a neg-1sg.sbj-eat:appl-fv kimwe kimwe totally muceere. muceere 3.rice 'I don't eat rice at all.'
	- c. Tinlyaira ti-n-lyair-a neg-1sg.sbj-eat:appl-fv kaakimwe kaakimwe thoroughly muceere. muceere 3.rice 'I don't eat rice at all.'
	- d. Tinlyaira ti-n-lyair-a neg-1sg.sbj-eat:appl-fv kakyarumwe kakyarumwe completely muceere. muceere 3.rice 'I don't eat rice at all.'

# **4.9.4 Adverbial clauses**

Adverbial clauses modify other clauses in a sentence in a way similar to the way in which an adverb modifies a proposition Thompson et al. (2007: :237). Various types of adverbial clauses can be distinguished on the basis of to the semantic roles they play. The two most frequent types of adverbial clauses in Ruruuli-Lunyala are adverbial clauses introduced by the conjunctions *nga* and *ni*.

The most frequent type of adverbial clauses are temporal clauses and conditional clauses marked by the conjunction *nga* 'while, when, if', as in (78).<sup>11</sup> The conjunction *nga* is always the first item in the respective adverbial clause and can e.g. preceded the subject, as in (78a). These clauses are negated by means of the standard negator *ti-*, as in (78c) (see Section 3.3.6).


<sup>11</sup>Ruuli has further, less common types of adverbial clauses, which are currently being investigated, e.g. the concessive adverbial clause introduced by the conjunction *wade* 'though, even if, although'.

4.9 Adverbials

b. Nkumanyisyemu n-ku-many-isy-e=mu 1sg.sbj-2sg.obj-know-caus-sbjv=18.loc nga nga when twireyo tu-ire=yo 1pl.sbj-return.pvf=23.loc oku o-ku aug-17.loc bbaibbuli? bbaibbuli 9.Bible 'Should I let you know when we return to the Bible?' c. Toyabanga ti-o-yaba-nga mu mu kisiko kisiko nga nga tokwaite ti-o-kwaite

neg-2sg.sbj-go-hab 18.loc 7.bush while neg-2sg.sbj-hold:pfv mwigo. mwigo 3.stick 'Never go to the bush without a stick.'

A clause introduced by the conjunction *nga* 'while, when' is often used to express the caritive meaning of *without + noun* and *without + verb*. For the meaning of *without + noun* the predicative possession construction including the copula *li* merged with the comitative preposition *na* (see Section 4.2) is used in the *nga*clause, as in (78c) and (79). *Nga*-clauses with the dedicated negative existential copula *ndoo* can also be used for the expression of caritive semantics, as in (80).

	- b. Yayabire a-a-ab-ire 1sbj-pst-go-pfv omu omu 18.loc irwaliro irwaliro 5.hospital nga nga while talina ti-a-lin-a neg-1sbj-have-fv mugendya. mugendya 1.caretaker 'He went to the hospital without a caretaker.' (lit. 'He went to the hospital while he did not have a caretaker.')

### 4 Syntax

In order to express *without + verb*, the *nga*-clause has the negated form of the respective verb, as in (81).

(81) Nga nga conj taliisirye ti-a-liisirye neg-1sbj-feed:pfv nkoko, nkoko 10.chicken yatambwirembe. a-a-tambwire=mbe 1sbj-pst-walk:pfv=foc 'He just walked away without feeding the chicken.' (lit. 'While he had not fed the chicken, he just walked away.')

In contrast to the clause-initial conjunction *nga*, the conjunction *ni* 'if, when' occupies the immediately preverbal position. Some examples are provided in (82). With conditional clauses it seems to be more common than the conjunction *nga*, though further research is needed to identify whether this is a case of free variation or the two conjunctions have a complementary distribution.

(82) a. Ni ni if bakukoba ba-ku-kob-a 2sbj-2sg.obj-say-fv afiire, a-fiire 1sbj-die:pfv togaana. ta-o-gaan-a neg-2sg.sbj-refuse-fv 'If you are told, that he has died, don't refuse.' b. Oikendi o-ikendi aug-1.rain n' ni when agutoonyaku a-gu-toony-a=ku 1sbj-3obj-rain-fv gujunda. gu-jund-a 3sbj-decompose-fv

'When it rains on it, it decomposes.'

# **5 Dictionary user's guide**

# **5.1 The structure of the dictionary**

The dictionary is divided into three parts viz. the introduction, dictionary proper and the Ruruuli-Lunyala grammar sketch. The introduction on the one hand provides an overview of the Ruruuli-Lunyala language and the Baruuli-Banyala ethnic groups. On the other hand, it provides the user's guide on how to look for entries in the dictionary. It ends with orthography of Ruruuli-Lunyala language. The dictionary proper provides about 10,000 dictionary entries. Each entry has linguistic information in addition to the sentence example in Ruruuli-Lunyala and a translation in English. The last section provides a grammar sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala.

# **5.2 The structure of the dictionary entries**

By convention, all dictionary entries are entered as roots or stems. The root is followed by the citation form of the word in italics. This is followed by the grammatical information of each word class. The grammatical information is followed by a translation of the entry into English. The meaning is presented in the following way: if the headword has two or more senses, the senses are numbered with (a), (b), (c), etc., as in Figures 5.1. In case of homographs, they are treated as discrete entries and are listed as separate headwords. Furthermore, they are numbered with superscript number.

# **5.2.1 Nouns**

Figure 5.1 shows a dictionary entry of a noun. All headwords are given in bold font. No augment is indicated on headwords. Nouns are alphabetised according to the first letter of the stem and not according to their augments. The headword is followed by the augmented form of the noun in italics with the augment in brackets. The form with the augment is followed by the indication of the word class (i.e. *n.* for noun), as well as the number of the noun class. These numbers

#### 5 Dictionary user's guide

Figure 5.1: A dictionary entry of a noun

correspond to the standard noun class numbering employed in the research on Bantu languages. For an overview, see Section 3.1.1 of the grammar sketch.

Most nouns occur in singular/plural pairings (see Section 3.1.2). The headword is given in the singular form, the specification of the noun class pairing for the singular and plural forms is provided, e.g. *(e)kaada* 'card' is indicated as belonging to class 9/10. The bullet • separates the examples from the rest of the entry. A Ruruuli-Lunyala example is given in italics, its translation into English follows in a regular font.

The example in Figure 5.1 also illustrates how fixed and semi-fixed phrases are treated. They are numbered as further senses and the whole fixed phrase is given in bold font.

# **5.2.2 Pronouns**

Ruruuli-Lunyala personal pronouns have various forms. They are discussed in Section 3.2. All pronoun which exist as free morphemes are entered as full forms and are arranged alphabetically, e.g. *nje* 'I, me' in Figure 5.2. As the citation form is identical to the headword form, it is not listed separately.

As with other parts of speech, The bullet • separates the examples from the rest of the entry. An Ruruuli-Lunyala example is given in italics, its translation into English follows in a regular font.

5.2 The structure of the dictionary entries

Figure 5.2: A dictionary entry of a pronoun

# **5.2.3 Verbs**

The verbs are listed under the first letter of the stem e.g.*soma* 'to read, to study' is listed under <S> and *galaala* 'to be lazy' is listed under <G>, as in Figure 5.3. The headword is followed by the citation form, which for verbs is the form with the corresponding augment *o-* and the noun class 15 prefix *ku-*, e.g. *(oku)galaala* in Figure 5.3. This information is followed by the abbreviation of the word class (or part of speech, i.e. v for verb), as well as by the verb-specific grammatical information about the transitivity, e.g. v.tr. (for a transitive verb, i.e. a verb which can take an object) or v.intr. (for an intransitive verb, i.e. a verb which cannot take an object). Next, the perfective form of the verb is provided in italics, e.g. *gulaire* (see Section 3.3.4.1). The grammatical information is followed by translations, as well as an example formatted in the way already discussed for nouns and pronouns.

Figure 5.3: A dictionary entry of a verb

# **5.2.4 Adjectives, adverbs, and other parts of speech**

The conventions outlined above apply with some modifications to other parts of speech.

All adjectives are listed as roots and are accompanied by examples with common agreeing prefixes, as in Figure 5.4 (see Section 3.4).

Most Ruruuli-Lunyala adverbs have only one word-form and do not have any noun class agreement prefixes (see Section 3.5). Thus, they are entered as full forms arranged alphabetically by the first letter as illustrated in Figure 5.5. Some

#### 5.2 The structure of the dictionary entries

5 Dictionary user's guide

Figure 5.4: A dictionary entry of an adjective

adverbs take an augment, in these cases the augmented citation form follows the word class abbreviation adv.

Figure 5.5: A dictionary entry of an adverb

The dictionary also lists a number of affixes, conjunctions and ideophones. Their representation follows the conventions – with the necessary adjustments – as applied for the representation of other word classes.

# **5.2.5 Cross-references and dialectal and etymological information**

Some entries have further information. If a word is used only in Ruruuli or Lunyala or in the varieties spoken in Buyende or Kiryandongo, this is indicated after the headword. Furthermore, many words have different pronunciations and are spelled differently respectively. In this case the most common pronunciation is chosen for the entry, other pronunciations are entered and provided with crossreferences to the respective detailed entry, as in illustrated with the headword *kaadi* at the bottom of Figure 5.1.

In case of loanwords (i.e. words adopted from a different language), the source languages is given in angle brackets, as <from En.> (i.e. from English) in Figure 5.1.

# **Part II Dictionary**

# **A**

**-a**1 (e.g.*wa, by, kya, ka*) part. of, from (the associative particle used in possessive noun phrases) • *Abaana ba mu kyalo babba n'engeso zisai.* Children from rural areas are well behaved.

**a-**<sup>2</sup> pf. augment of noun classes 6, 12, 16, and 22

**a-**<sup>3</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of class 1 on verbs

**a-**<sup>4</sup> pf. past tense prefix on verbs **-a**5 sf. final vowel suffix on verbs

**a-**<sup>6</sup> pf. future tense prefix on verbs

**a** 7 interj. really • *A, nimwo kiri?!* Really, is that so?!

**a** 8 interj. no • *A, tinkimaite.* No, I don't know it.

**aaa** interj. no • *Aaa, tiyaali ninje.* No, it wasn't me.

**aale** interj. okay • *Aale iza tubone.* Okay, come and we'll see.

**aba** *(okw)aba* v.intr. *abire* (a) to go • *Ayabire kwegama isana omu kiwoleerya.* She has gone to take shelter in the shade. (b) **aba (o)mu maiso** to happen, to go on, to take place • *Yaba obuuliirye ekikwaba omu maiso.* Go and investigate what is happening.

**abba** *(okw)abba* v.tr. *abbire* to work in exchange (for food or water) • *Abakali baabire kuluma lubbimbi olwa kwabba emere.* The women have gone to do farm work in exchange for food.

**abiri** num. twenty • *Tuli ku namba*

*abiri na ibiri.* We are number twenty two.

**abo** [see *o* 3 ]

**abuka** *(okw)abuka* v.intr. *abukire* (of a group) to disperse, to break up, to split up • *Abantu baabukire olwa njura.* The people dispersed because of the rain.

**abwe** (e.g. *yaabwe, byabwe,waabwe*) pro. their, theirs (third person plural possessive) • *Ensumba yaabwe gisai.* Their way of cooking is nice.

**abya** *(okw)abya* v.tr. *abirye* to perform last funeral rites • *Olumbe lwa nguli Matovu baalwabirye igolo.* Matovu's last funeral rights were performed yesterday.

**adi** adv. there • *Mbadi adi bakwegabania emiyembe.* They are there sharing mangoes amongst themselves.

**agenda** *agenda* n.9/10 <from En.> agenda • *Agenda ya lukiiko luni eri etyai?* What is the agenda for this meeting?

**ago** [see *o* 3 ]

**agula** *(okw)agula* v.tr. *agwire* to remove a hand from a banana stalk • *Omukali akwagula matooke.* The woman is removing the hands from the banana stalk.

**aiguru** [see also *iguru*] *aiguru* adv. on top, above, up, over, on • *Leeta omunyu nagutaire aiguru oku kabada.* Bring the salt, I will put it up on

top of the cupboard.

**aikendi** <Buyende> adv. on top, above, up, over, up, upwards • *Aikendi wa nyumba aliyo eisubi.* There is grass on top of the house.

**aiswe** (e.g.*waiswe, baiswe, lyaiswe*) pro. our, ours • *Abaana baiswe bakusomera Makerere.* Our children are studying at Makerere University.

**aitundi** (e.g. *kyaitundi, byaitundi, zaitundi*) adj. marketable, on demand • *Encwi ezaitundi ziri Rwampanga.* The marketable fish are found in Rwampanga.

**aja** *(okw)aja* v.tr. *ajirye* to find, to come across, to run into, to meet • *Nayajirye Revurandi eigolo.* I met the reverend yesterday.

**ajiriirya** *(okw)ajiriirya* v.tr. *ajiriirye* to catch red-handed • *Omukali yayajiriirye ibaamwe n'omukali owondi.* The woman caught her husband redhanded with another woman.

**aka** *(okw)aka* v.intr. *akire* (a) to burn • *Omuuro gukwaka muno.* The fire is burning intensely. (b) to shine, (of light) to be on, to emit light • *Eisana likwaka muno ebiro bini.* The sun is shining a lot these days.

**akaara** *(okw)akaara* v.tr. *akaire* to pass by, to go past, to go through • *Ni waabba okwaba e Kampala yakaara ani.* On your way to Kampala pass by here.

**akaivu** *akaivu* n.9/10 <from En.> archive • *Yaba omu akaivu za Nsambya onfunireyo ekitabo.* Go to Nsamba archive and get a book for

me.

**akala** *(okw)akala* v.tr. *akaire* (a) to go via, to go past, to pass through, to cross • *Yakala ani oyabe omu nyumba obbasye.* Go past here and go into the house and sleep. (b) to pass (an exam) • *Abeegi bayakaire kusai ebibuulyo.* The students passed the examination very well.

**akalaku** *(okw)akalaku* v.tr. *akaireku* (a) to overtake, to overhaul, to get past • *Labuka, omwojo atakwakalaku.* Hurry so that the boy does not overtake you. (b) to miss, to be too late for • *Mulabukeku, bbaasi etebaakalaku.* Hurry please, you will miss the bus. (c) **naku za kwakalaku** Passover• *Tosobola kutumbiirisya migaate mu naku za kwakalaku.* You cannot leaven bread during Passover.

**akalamu** *(okw)akalamu* v.intr. *akairemu* to succeed • *Omusaiza oyo kyamubbeera kizibu okwakalamu.* It will be difficult for that man to succeed.

**akaliirya** *(okw)akaliirya* v.intr. *akaliirye* (a) to be beyond (someone's means or understanding), to exceed, to be in excess • *Ebizubu bimwakaliriiryeku.* The problems are beyond his control. (b) to cross the limit • *OKato ayakaliirye!* Kato has crossed the limit!

**akaliriirya** *(okw)akaliriirya* v.intr. *akaliriirye* (a) to overdo, to do to excess, to exaggerate • *OMusiita ayakaliriirye okubeyega aBaganda.* Musiita has lied excessively to the

Baganda. (b) to be in excess • *Emiyembe gyakaliriirye esizoni eni.* Mangoes are in excess this season. (c) to be more expensive • *Obusyere bwa bintu bwakaliriirye.* The cost of goods is very high. (d) to be unreasonable • *Yakubbire omwana ne yakaliriirya.* He caned the child unreasonably.

**akalwaku** *(okw)akalwaku* v.tr. *akairweku* (a) to miss (e.g. an opportunity) • *Omwomboki yayakairweku omukisa gwa kwomboka ewooteeri.* The builder missed the opportunity to build a hotel. (b) **akalwaku (e)biro** to expire • *Omubazi gwakairweku ebiro, toguwa nkeremba.* The medicine has expired, do not give it to the baby.

**akalya** *(okw)akalya* v.tr. *akairye* (a) to go past, to pass, to pass through, to cross (a line)• *Yakalya akatale oyabe oku irwaliro.* Go past the market and go to the hospital. (b) to overtake, to leave behind • *Owa takisi yabbandire ng'akwakalya owa loore.* The taxi driver caused an accident while overtaking a lorry. (c) to treat • *Abasomesya buliizo baakalya kusai abeegi.* Teachers usually treat pupils well. (d) to clean a corpse with scrapings of pith of a banana stem (a cultural practice) • *Orufa tukumwakalyaku bisuumwa.* We are cleaning the corpse with banana pith. (e) to smuggle • *Abakoli aba ku nsalo ya Uganda ne Kenya baakalya ebyabusuumuli.* The workers at the Uganda-Kenya border smuggle goods.

**akalyaku** *(okw)akalyaku* v.intr. *akairyeku* to expire • *Omubazi gwa mwana gwakaireku.* The child's medication has expired.

**akalyamu** *(okw)akalyamu* v.intr./tr. *akairyemu* (a) to be above (e.g. be older than), to be over (a certain age) • *Omusaiza oyo ayakalyamu omu myaka ekikumi.* That man is over one hundred years old. (b) to apply, to use (a tool, e.g. to comb, to sweep, to cultivate farmland) • *Yakalyamu akasunsuzo omu isoke.* Use the comb to comb your hair. (c) **akalyamu (a)maiso** to despise, to look down on, to sneer at, to put in a bad light, to discredit, to undermine (UgE) • *Oisentebe waabwe bakumwakalyamu amaiso.* They despise their chairman.

**akati (wa)** adv. between, in the middle of, among • *OMoses aikaire akati wa Justine n'oSez.* Moses sits between Justine and Sez.

**akawunti** *akawunti* n.9/10 <from En.> bank account • *Oku akawunti yange ndooku mpiiya.* I have no money in my bank account.

**akiira** *(okw)akiira* v.tr. *akiire* (a) to go for, to come for, to fetch, to get, to pick up • *Iza eka owakiire ensika.* Come home and pick up a hoe. (b) to welcome the new harvest • *Tukwaba kwakiira emere ya mwaka.* We are going to welcome the new harvest.

**akiri** adv. at least, rather • *Akiri wakusomere n'ofunayo ediguli emwei.* ako

You should have studied to get at least one degree.

**ako** [see *o* 3 ]

**akya** *(okw)akya* v.tr. *akirye* to make (fire), to ignite, to light • *OSusan yakumbainye obusaale n'ayakya omuuro.* Susan gathered sticks and lit a fire.

**ala** *(okw)ala* v.intr. *are* to make a bed • *Yala ekitabu kyamu webbasirye.* Make your bed and sleep.

**alaalya** *(okw)alaalya* v.tr. *alairye* to spread out for drying (e.g. coffee), to scatter • *Yalaalya amaido gakale mangu.* Spread out the groundnuts so that they can dry quickly.

**alai (wa)** adv. far, further, far away • *Ayabire alai wa kibuga.* He has gone far away from the city.

**alalanya** *(okw)alalanya* v.intr. *alalaine* to get scattered, to be scattered • *Emwani zange zaalalaine.* My coffee beans are scattered.

**ale** conj. (a) so, then, and • *Oikendi yatoonyere ale tasobola kwira.* It rained so he cannot come back. (b) okay • *Tokyalinayo kibuulyo kyonakyona? Ale nakubona mambya.* Don't you have any further questions? Okay, see you tomorrow then. **aleni** conj. then, hence, therefore • *Aleni, katubendeere ebyairiira.* Then let's wait for what will happen next. **alifagiri** n.9 morning star, shepherd's star, star heralding dawn • *Olwaleero mboine alifagiri.* I have seen the morning star today.

**aliika** *(okw)aliika* v.tr. *aliikire* to set

a net, to set a rope, to set a trap (for some type of fish) • *Ayabire ku nyanja kwaliika muguwa gwa kukwata mpuuta.* He has gone to the lake to set a line for catching Nile perch.

**aliira** *(okw)aliira* v.tr. *aliire* to spread out (a mat, grass, etc. for sitting), to prepare (a seat), to roll out (e.g. a mat) • *Yaliira omugeni ekisampa.* Roll out a mat for the visitor to sit on.

**alijebula** *alijebula* n.1a <from En.> algebra • *OMusoke tamaite alijebula.* Musoke doesn't know algebra.

**alika**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)alika* v.intr. *alikire* (a) to be bankrupt • *Abaguuda baingi balikire.* Many rich people are bankrupt. (b) to have the last bead played in an empty hole (in a board game) • *Ayalikire.* He has played his last bead in an empty hole of the board game.

**alika**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)alika* v.ditr. *alikire* to name, to give a name • *Olwaleero tukwaba kwalika abaana amabara.* Today we are going to give the children their names.

**alimanda** *alimanda* n.9 <from En.> remand, pre-trial detention, provisional detention • *Omubbwe akyali ku alimanda e Luzira.* The prisoner is still on remand at Luzira prison.

**alipoota** *alipoota* n.9 <from En.> report • *Mwana wange leeta alipoota yaamu mbone nka ni wakoore.* My child, please, bring your report so that I know how you performed.

**Allah** *Allah* n.1a Allah (the name of God among Muslims) • *Abasiraamu*

*bendya muno Allah.* Muslims love Allah very much.

**alusa** *alusa* n.1a/10 <from En.> stomach ulcer • *Alusa zikunduma muno.* I have a painful stomach ulcer.

**ambuka** *(okw)ambuka* v.intr./tr. *ambukire* (a) to sail across • *Eryato likwambuka nyanja.* The boat is sailing across the lake. (b) to go up (c) to land, to go ashore, to disembark, to arrive at the shore • *Emeeri eyambukire.* The ship has landed.

**ambula** *(okw)ambula* v.tr. *ambwire* to undress • *Omusaiza yayambwire omwibbi.* The man undressed the thief.

**ambulula** *(okw)ambulula* v.tr. *ambululwire* to cleanse (by a traditional healer) • *Omufumu yamwambululwire ebisiraani omu masanganzira.* The herbalist cleansed him of misfortunes at the crossroads.

**ambyulensi** *ambyulensi* n.9/10 <from En.> ambulance • *Omulwire bamutwaliire omu ambyulensi.* The patient was taken by an ambulance. **amiina** interj. <from En.> amen (an exclamation uttered at the end of a prayer, also used to express agreement or approval) • *Omusumba ni yamaare okusaba nitwiramu amiina.* When the pastor finished praying, we all said "Amen!".

**amiira** *(okw)amiira* v.tr. *amiriire* to call out (loudly a name) • *OKato mwamiire n'akyali kweyongerayo.* Call Kato before he goes far.

**amira** *(okw)amira* v.tr. *amiire* to yell

at, to shout at • *Lwaki mukwamira abantu?* Why are you shouting at people?

**ampi** adv. (a) near, nearby, close by • *OKayunga ata ampi n'oBukorooto.* Kayunga is close to Bukorooto. (b) about, almost, approximately (used with a number or quantity) • *Omwogo nikyo kirume ekirumibwa ampi mu buli kitundu kya Uganda.* Cassava is one of the major crops grown in almost all parts of Uganda. (c) about (to do), close (to doing) • *Tuli ampi okwirayo ewaiswe.* We are about to go back home.

**amu** (e.g. *zaamu, baamu, waamu*) pro. your (second person singular possessive) • *Omwana waamu agwire ebibuulyo.* Your son has failed the examination.

**amula** *(okw)amula* v.intr. *amwire* to lie down, to rest, to die • *Ayamwire bambi!* Oh dear, he has passed away. **amwe**<sup>1</sup> pro. his, her (class 1 possessive)• *Muweerye sente zaamwe.* Give her money to her.

**amwe**<sup>2</sup> adv. maybe, perhaps, possibly • *Timmaite amwe yayiza.* I don't know, perhaps he will come.

**amwe**<sup>3</sup> [see *amwei*]

**amwei** adv. together, jointly, at once, as a group, at the same time • *Nkwabira amwei n'oSaudah e Kampala.* I am going together with Saudah to Kampala.

**amya** *(okw)amya* v.tr. *amirye* to ask formally (to do something), to call on, to call upon • *Yamya abaguuda* anai

*bajune abanaku.* Call upon the rich to help the poor.

**anai** num. forty

**anana** *(okw)anana* v.tr. *anaine* to resemble, to look like, to be similar to • *OIsingoma ayanana oKato.* Isingoma resembles Kato.

**andaaza** *(okw)andaaza* v.intr. *andaize* to look for an animal (during hunting), to search an animal (during hunting) • *Abayiigi baabire kwandaaza.* The hunters have gone to look for animals.

**andi** (e.g. *kyandi, byadi, mwandi*) adj. (a) fearsome, fierce, aggressive • *Ontale kisolo kyandi muno.* A lion is a very fierce animal. (b) cruel, brutal • *Omusaiza oni mwandi.* This man is cruel.

**angaana** *(okw)angaana* v.intr. *angaine* to speak up, to call out loudly, to shout, to talk without an end • *Yangaana muno abeedi bawuure.* Speak up so that people at the back can hear.

**angala** (e.g. *mwangala, bangala*) adj. (a) cantankerous, stubborn • *Omwana omwangala tabbeeka naye.* A cantankerous child is not easy to stay with. (b) (of an illness or infection) persistent

**-angan**<sup>1</sup> sf. reciprocal suffix (extension) on verbs

**angana**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)angana* v.intr. *angaine* (of a couple) to separate, to divorce • *ONakato yayangaine n'oibaamwe.* Nakato separated from her husband.

**ange** (e.g.*wange, gyange, lyange*) pro. my, mine (first person singular possessive pronoun) • *Engoye ezo zoonai zange.* All those clothes are mine.

**angiriza** *(okw)angiriza* v.tr. *angiriize* (a) to praise • *Abanyala bangiriza muno oKanca.* The Banyala praise God a lot. (b) to wish someone a long life • *Angiriza omukama wange!* Wish my king a long life! (c) to demonstrate loyalty to • *Abaganda bendya muno okwangiriza omukama waabwe.* The Baganda love demonstrating loyalty to their King.

**angu** (e.g. *mwangu, kyangu, lwangu*) adj. (a) easy, uncomplicated, simple, obedient • *Ebibuulyo bya mwaka guni byabbaire byangu.* This year's examinations were easy. (b) (of a child) quick, fast-growing • *Omwana wa Bob mwangu.* Bob's child is quick.

**anguya** *(okw)anguya* v.tr. *angwirye* to do quickly, to make quickly • *Yanguya ocaayi, twabe.* Make the tea quickly, so that we can go.

**anguyirwa** *(okw)anguyirwa* v.tr. *anguyiire* to find easy, to regard as easy, to consider easy • *Aboojo abo banguyirwa okubala.* Those boys find mathematics easy.


**anika** *(okw)anika* v.tr. *anikire* (a) to sun-dry, to hang up to dry • *Yanika engoye zini zikale.* Hang up the clothes to dry. (b) to hang (e.g. beer banana) in order to ripen • *Yanika*

*embiire ezo zenge.* Hang up those beer bananas for them to ripen.

**aniriza** *(okw)aniriza* v.tr. *aniriize* to welcome (a person or an opportunity) • *Naani eyayaniriza abagenyi?* Who will welcome the visitors?

**anjula** *(okw)anjula* v.tr. *anjwire* (a) to intrintroduce (e.g. a guest) • *OBabirye yayanjwire bairaamwei omu kanisa.* Babirye introduced her colleagues in the church. (b) to announce, to present (e.g. a proposal) • *Ensonga yaamu gyanjule n'okyaliwo.* Present your matter before you leave.

**ansi** [see also *nsi*] adv. (a) down, to the ground, on the floor • *Ta endigamaraka ansi.* Put the loudspeakers down. (b) **ansi wa** under • *Ente zigumba ansi wa musaale mu bwire bwa kyanda.* The cattle gather under the tree when it is hot.

**anti** conj. because, but, and • *Tinasumbire anti ndi mulwaire.* I did not cook because I am sick.

**antu** adv. somewhere • *Osabbuuni odi mufunire awantu omubiike.* Find somewhere to keep that soap.

**anu** adv. here • *Ikaara anu.* Sit here. **anukula** *(okw)anukula* v.tr. *anukwire* to answer, to respond, to reply • *Tiyayanukwire bbaluwa yaiswe.* He never responded to our letter.

**anuura** *(okw)anuura* v.intr. *anuwire* to chat, to talk leisurely, to comment on • *Abasigazi bendya muno okwanuura.* Young people love to chat very much.

**anuuza** *(okw)anuuza* v.intr. *anwize* to blab, to gossip • *Weena owanuuza muno.* You blab a lot.

**anzala** *(okw)anzala* v.tr. *anzaire* to distribute, to spread out • *Mwanzale ebiduuma ebyo omu musiri bikale.* Spread out the maize which is in the field to dry.

**anzulukuki** (e.g. *mwanzulukiki, banzulukiki*) adj. frank, open, sincere, straightforward • *Natangaraine omukali omwanzulukuki.* I met a sincere woman.

**anzulula** *(okw)anzulula* v.tr. *anzuliire* (a) to unroll, to unwrap, to unpack • *Yafunire ekitwo n'akyanzulula amangu agwo.* She got a present and unwrapped it immediately. (b) (fig.) to divulge private or sensitive information, to reveal a secret • *Lwaki oSusan yeyanzuliire omusaiza oyo?* Why did Susan divulge her personal details to that man?

**anzurula** *(okw)anzurula* v.tr. *anzuliire* to elaborate, to give details • *Ensonga yaamu gyanzurule kusai bagyeteje.* Provide a lot of details about your case so that people can understand it.

**araalya** *(okw)araalya* v.tr. *arairye* to harass, to mistreat • *Lwaki okuyaraalya omwana?* Why are you harassing the child?

**araaranya** *(okw)araaranya* v.tr. *araarainye* to harass, to mistreat • *Omukali akwaraaranya omwana wange.* A woman is harassing my child. **araatana** *(okw)araatana* v.intr. *araa-* *taine* to make a confrontation, to quarrel, to have a misunderstanding • *Weewale okwaraatana nka okwo.* Avoid quarrelling like that.

**ararangana** *(okw)ararangana* v.tr. *ararangaine* to have a misunderstanding • *Bararangaine muno eigolo.* They had a misunderstanding yesterday.

**asaamiira** *(okw)asaamiira* v.intr. *asamiriire* to gape, to stare openmouthed • *Omwana ayasaamiriira muno n'abona abazungu.* The child gapes a lot when he sees Europeans. **asaamiiri** (e.g. *mwasaamiiri, baasaamiiri*) adj. irresponsible • *Omukoli wa pulofeesa mwasaamiiri.* The professor's worker is irresponsible.

**asama** *(okw)asama* v.intr. *asamire* to open one's mouth • *Yasama bakutoolemu eriino.* Open your mouth and they will remove your tooth.

**asanayasana** *(okw)asanayasana* v.intr. *asanayasaine* to speak carelessly • *Oyasanayasana ebiro bini.* You speak carelessly these days.

**asatu** num. thirty

**asayasania** *(okw)asayasania* v.tr. *asayasanirye* to persecute • *Bamwasayasanirye bwereere.* They persecuted him for nothing.

**asidi** *asidi* n.1a <from En.> acid • *Omusaiza yasukire asidi oku mwiraamwei.* The man poured acid on his colleague.

**asiira** *(okw)asiira* v.tr. *asiire* to invoke (spirits) by singing • *Abakibandwa bakwemba okwasiira emba-* *ndwa.* The traditional priests are singing in order to invoke spirits.

**asira** *(okw)asira* v.tr. *asire* to incite (a dog) to attack • *Yasira ombwene apeke omwibbi!* Incite the dog so that it chases away the thief!

**asirya** *(okw)asirya* v.tr. *asirye* to flush (in hunting), to drive (an animal) from its cover • *Mwabe musyome abakwasirya okisolo oyo.* Go and get people who will flush the animal. **ataanu** num. fifty

**atalaasi** *atalaasi* n.9/10 <from En.> atlas • *Omusomesya yaguure atalaasi giyaaka.* The teacher bought a new atlas.

**Ataligadaaligada** *Ataligadaaligada* n.1a Bunyala royal drum beaten to signal encouragement • *Abanyala balina engoma gye beeta Ataligadaaligada.* The Banyala have a drum called Ataligada Aligada.

**ate**<sup>1</sup> conj. but, and also • *Bayabire kuzeenya mupiira ate ni balwanirayo.* They went to play football but instead they fought.

**ate**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mwate, baate*) adj. unruly, disorderly • *Omwojo oyo mwate.* That boy is unruly.

**ateesobola** *ateesobola* n.1a/2 disabled person, person with disability • *Ateesobola aliire obukama.* The disabled person has become a leader.

**Atenganika** n.1a God, the Most High • *Atenganika niye mukama waabyo.* It is God who can manage all.

**atete** conj. and then • *Yaizire mangu atete nairayo.* He came for a short visit and then went back.

**ati** adv. (a) now, nowadays • *Embeera yange ati gitereeri.* My condition is stable now. (b) **ati buni** [see *atibuni*]

**atibuni** adv. (a) now, nowadays • *Embeera yange atibuni etereire.* At the moment my condition has become stable. (b) immediately, right now • *Izambe atibuni.* Just come immediately.

**atiikiiri** (e.g. *mwatikiiri, baatiikiiri*) adj. famous • *Omukali omwatiikiiri tasobola kubba malaaya.* A famous woman cannot be a prostitute.

**atika** *(okw)atika* v.intr. *atikire* (a) to break, to get broken, to be broken • *Esaawa yange eyatikire.* My watch is broken. (b) to crack • *Endoorwamu eyatikire.* The mirror has cracked.

**atira** *(okw)atika* v.intr. *atikire* to hatch • *Onkoko atandikire okwatira amawuli.* The chicken has started to hatch from the egg.

**atula** *(okw)atula* v.intr./tr. *atwire* (a) to pronounce, to articulate, to mention • *Mwatule kusai ebigambo bini abantu babyetegye.* Pronounce the words well so the people can understand you better. (b) to profess faith, to declare faith, to confess • *Omuganda wange yayatwire n'alokoka.* My brother professed faith and became a born-again Christian.

**atya** *(okw)atya* v.tr. *atirye* to split, to break • *Naani eyayatya enkwi?* Who will split the firewood?

**atyayatya** *(okw)atyayatya* v.tr. *ati-*

*ryeyatirye* to crush, to shatter, to break into small pieces • *Omwojo yatiryeyatirye ensuwa.* The boy shattered the pot.

**awandi** adv. elsewhere, somewhere else, in/at/to another place, in/at/to a different place • *Zwaku ani oyabeku awandi.* Leave and go somewhere else.

**awantu** [see *wantu*]

**aweeru** adv. in an open space • *Yomboka enyumba aweeru.* Build the house in an open space.

**awo**<sup>1</sup> [see also *o* 3 ] there • *Abaana abali awo ba njawulo oku bani abali ani.* The children there are different from the ones here.

**(-)awo**<sup>2</sup> pro. your (bound pronoun used only with some kinship terms)• *Koba omaawo atwibuure emere.* Tell your mother to serve us food.

**awolu** adv. cool • *Aikaire awolu.* He is sitting in a cool place.

**awuka** *(okw)awuka* v.intr. *awukire* (a) to branch off, to take a different turn, to diverge from the main route • *Niwaika e Kayunga n'oyawuka oku gumoso.* When you reach Kayunga branch off to the left. (b) to differ (from), to be different (from) • *Endowooza ya Amos ekwawuka oku yange.* Amos' opinion differs from mine.

**awukana** *(okw)awukana* v.intr. *awukaine* (a) to differ, to be different • *Abantu bawukaine omu ndowooza.* People differ in their opinions. (b) to separate (in a fight or relationship), to split up, to break up • *Twabaajirye*

*bakuzumangana ni tubasaba baawukane kusai.* We found them quarrelling and asked them to separate.

**awula** *(okw)awula* v.tr. *awire* (a) to differentiate, to distinguish, to tell apart • *Osobola okwawula abalongo bani?* Can you tell these twins apart? (b) to separate, to sort • *Yawula abakali oku basaiza.* Separate the women from the men.

**awuluza** *(okw)awuluza* v.tr. *awuluzire* to divide, to cause division (among people) • *Yawuluzamu ekibanja ekyo.* Divide that piece of land.

**aya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)aya* v.tr. *ayire* to begin, to start • *Yayaire kusai orubazo lwamwe.* He began his speech well.

**aya**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)aya* v.tr. *ayire* to finish up, to use up • *Abaana ba Mucwezi baayaya ebintu bya ite waabwe.* Mucwezi's children will use up all their father's property.

**aya**<sup>3</sup> *(okw)aya* v.tr. *ayire* to graze, to put out to pasture • *OKato yabiire okwaya ente.* Kato went to graze the cows.

**ayi** interrog. where • *Omwana ayabire ayi?* Where has the child gone? **ayii** interj. no way!, oh no! • *Ayii, ekyo tikisoboka.* No way, that is not possible.

**ayisikuriimu** *ayisikuriimu* n.1a <from En.> ice cream • *Abaana abato bendya muno okulya ayisikuriimu oni.* Little children like eating this ice cream very much.

# **B**

**ba-**<sup>1</sup> pf. object agreement prefix of the second person plural on verbs **ba-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 2 on verbs **baaba** interj. oh dear, my goodness, oh my • *Oh baaba afiire!* Oh dear, he has died! elder sibling • *Obaaba wange ansingaku emyaka isatu.* My elder sibling is three years older than me.

# **baabwe** [see *abwe*]

**baaga** *(oku)baaga* v.tr. *baagire* (a) to skin (an animal), to flay • *Mbalekereyo eka nga bakubaaga onte.* I have left them at home skinning a cow. (b)

to slaughter, to butcher • *Ombuli oyo alina eiwako timukusobola kumubaaga.* That goat is pregnant, you cannot have it slaughtered. (c) to cut up, to dismember, to dissect (d) to operate on

**baalaala** *(oku)baalaala* v.intr. *baalaaliire* (of chilli pepper) to be hot, to be spicy • *Okamulali omudooli abaalaala muno.* The chilli pepper is very hot.

**baalikyatula** *(e)baalikyatula* n.9/10 pot used for drinking millet brew • *Omusaiza ayatirye ebaalikyatula yange.* The man has broken my pot for

drinking millet brew. **baamu** [see *amu*] **baamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ] **baanywe** [see *nywe*] **babiira** *(oku)babiira* v.intr. *babiirire* (a) to feel a burning sensation (as a result of the contact with something hot or irritating) • *Amaizi agayo we gansukukireku, wakumbabiira.* I feel a burning sensation where I got

burnt with hot water. (b) to have a peppery taste • *Kalali ababiira muno.* The pepper has a peppery taste.

**babirumiraki** *(o)babirumiraki* n.1a destructive wind (lit. why did we grow them), hurricane • *Obabirumiraki asiisire endumiro za mwani zaiswe.* The destructive wind has destroyed our coffee plantations.

**babuka** *(oku)babuka* v.intr. *babukire* to be scorched, to become burnt (on the surface), to singe, to become singed • *Amaido gaiswe gababukire.* Our groundnuts are scorched.

**babula** *(oku)babula* v.tr. *babwire* (a) to singe • *Babula onkoko oyo nga tukyali kumubaaga.* Singe the chicken before we cook it. (b) **babula (e)njoka** not to gain from something (lit. to burn a snake) • *Olwaleero mbabwire njoka.* Today I have not gained anything.

**babulya** *(oku)babulya* v.tr. *babwirye* to singe, to scorch, to remove the hair or bristle of pigs (e.g. by covering it in grass and putting it on fire) • *Babulyaku onkoko azweku obwoya.* Singe the chicken so that the feathers will come off.

**babuukiira** *(oku)babuukiira* v.intr. *babuukiire* to feel a burning sensation • *Ni neisiisiirya amagita gani gambabuukiira.* When I smear myself with this vaseline, I feel a burning sensation.

**bada** *(oku)bada* v.tr. *badire* to weave a wall frame using reeds • *Naani yabadire enyumba eni?* Who constructed the wall using reeds?

**badi** [see *di*]

**badyabadya** *(oku)badyabadya* v.intr. *badyabadirye* to act haphazardly, to behave without any principle of organisation • *Lwaki mukubadyabadyambe omu bye mukukola?* Why do you do things haphazardly?

**bagana** *(oku)bagana* v.tr. *bagaine* (a) to share, to divide • *Mwize tubagane ekibanja kyaiswe.* Come and we will share our land. (b) (of gospel) to share the word of God

**baganya** *(oku)baganya* v. tr. *bagainye* (a) to share, to divide • *Baganya amenju gani omu bairaamu.* Divide these bananas among your friends. (b) **baganya (e)birowoozo** to have an exchange of ideas, to have a discussion, to debate • *Okukubaganya ebiriwoozo kwatwire olunaku lulambiira.* The debate was prolonged for the whole day.

**Bagonza** *(o)Bagonza* n. 1a name given to a child whose mother is not liked by the husband's family • *Bagonza ibara liweebwa omwana nga abeeka ya musaiza tebakumuta-* *ka.* Bagonza is a name given to a child whose mother is not liked by the husband's family.

**bairaba** interj. my dear, please (used to introduce polite requests) • *Bairaba, njuna!* Please, help me!

**baiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**baitu** conj. but • *Baitu lwaki timukutaka kukola mirumo?* But why don't you want to do the job?

**baiza** *(oku)baiza* v.tr. *baizire* to do woodworking, to make (items of wood), to carpenter • *Abaduuli bataka muno okubaiza.* The Baruuli love woodworking.

**baizuka** *(oku)baizuka* v.tr. *baizukire* to rub sore, to chafe so that blisters emerge • *Yakoleserye omwini ogubbi n'abaizuka engalo.* He used a rough hoe handle and he got blisters.

**baizula** *(oku)baizula* v.intr. *baizwirye* to cause blisters • *Omwini ogubbi gubaizula.* A rough handle causes blisters.

**bala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bala* v.intr. *baare* to yield, to bear fruit, to produce • *Esizoni eni ebiduuma tibyabaare.* This season the maize did not produce well.

**bala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)bala* v.tr. *baare* to count, to calculate • *Bala embuli ezo onkobere omuwendo.* Count those goats and tell me their number.

**balaamiirya** *(oku)balaamiirya* v.intr. *balamiirye* to take a longer route, to make a detour • *Lwaki okubalaamiirya otyo n'otayakala ampi?* Why are you taking a longer route instead of a short one?

**balaata** *(oku)balaata* v.intr. *balaatire* to joke, to speak jokingly, to jest, to speak without seriousness • *Bairabange mubalaata muno!* Colleagues, you are joking a lot.

**balabanda** *(oku)balabanda* v.intr. *balabandire* to walk hunched-over • *Omwala ayakaire awo ng'akubalabanda.* A girl passed there and was walking hunched over.

**balagala** [see *balakala*]

**balakala** *(oku)balakala* v.intr. *balakaire* to cause a burning sensation • *Nasukire omuunyu omu kyoya kyange omu butananwa ni kimbalakala.* I felt a burning sensation in the wound when I accidently poured salt on it.

**balama** *(oku)balama* v.intr. *balamire* (of boat) to drift • *Eryato lya Musoke lyabalamire nga abbasirye.* Musoke's boat drifted while he was asleep.

**balanguki** (e.g. *kabalanguki, mubalanguki*) adj. (of sunshine) hot • *Akasana akabalanguki kabbaawo mu iyangwe.* During midday there is always hot sunshine.

**balangula** *(oku)balangula* v.tr. *balangwire* (a) to do something in excess • *Abategi babalangwire encwi.* The fishermen caught a lot of fish. (b) to hit hard • *Bamubalangwire omwigo n'afeerawo.* He was hit hard with a stick and died from it instantly. (c) to brew (concentrated alcoholic beverages) • *Omuyiisya yabalangwire amalwa.* The brewer brewed very

concentrated finger millet beer.

**baliga** *(oku)baliga* v.intr. *baligire* to be splay-footed, to have duck-footed gait, to walk with feet pointing outwards

**baliira** *(oku)baliira* v.tr. *baliriire* (a) to budget, to allocate (funds), to make a budget • *Baliira empiiya zetwakolesya oku bugenyi buni.* Budget money that we will use for the function. (b) to account for • *Baabire kubaliira mpiiya ezazwire omu binage.* They have gone to account for the money that came from the fish.

**balisya** *(oku)balisya* v.tr. *balisirye* to dupe, to trick, to deceive • *Omwibbi yamubalisirye n'amwibbaku sente zoona.* The thief duped him and stole all the money.

**balisyamu** *(oku)balisyamu* v.tr. *balisiryemu* to multiply • *Omutwalo gubalisyemu emirundi esatu.* Multiply ten thousand by three.

**bamba** *(oku)bamba* v.tr. *bambire* (a) to stretch out (e.g. skin to dry) • *Ekisaato ekyo kibambe kusai kyome.* Stretch that skin properly so that it dries. (b) to put up (a net) • *Leeta engwanyu tubambe ekitimba.* Bring the supporting stick and we'll put up the net. (c) to crucify • *OYesu bamubambire oku musalabba.* Jesus was crucified on the cross.

**bambaga** *(oku)bambaga* v.intr. *bambagire* to wobble, to walk unsteadily, to walk with difficulty • *Omwana okubambaga.* The child is wobbling.

**bambi** interj. what a pity, oh dear, gosh, goodness, oh my • *Bambi yalwaire kitenduka.* Oh dear, he is suffering from epilepsy.

**bandala** *(oku)bandala* v.intr. *bandaire* (of a roof) to cave in, to collapse • *Akatonde ka nyumba kabandaire.* The roof of the house has caved in.

**bandiza** *(oku)bandiza* v.intr. *bandiize* (of a piece of land) to start from, to stretch from • *Ekibanja kyange kibandiza oku mutoma ne kiika ku kiswa.* My land stretches from the bark tree up to the termite mound.

**bandula** *(oku)bandula* v.tr. *bandwire* (of a man) to marry • *Abanayuganda bendya muno okubandula abakali abaingi.* Ugandans like to marry many women.

**Bandumba** *(o)Bandumba* n.1a name given to a child who is born when parents have conflicts with neighbours• *Omwana bamwalikire Bandumba kubba yabyaliibwe nga ababyaire baamwe balina enkayana n'aba muliraano.* That child was named Bandumba because his parents were in conflict with the neighbours by the time he was born.

**banduza** *(oku)banduza* v.intr. *bandwize* to initiate marriage negotiations • *ORuth akubanduza akati wa Susan n'oMartin.* Ruth is initiating marriage negotiations between Susan and Martin.

**bandwa** *(oku)bandwa* v.tr. *bandirwe* (a) to worship • *Baabire kubandwa mbandwa Katigo.* They have gone to worship the spirit called Katigo. (b) to be possessed (by a spirit) • *Oyo omwana akubandwa Katigo.* That child is possessed by a spirit called Katigo.

**banga** conj. if • *Banga naali musomesya abaana bankwakaire muno.* If I were a teacher, the pupil would have performed very well.

**bange** [see *ange*]

**bani** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**banja** *(oku)banja* v.tr. *banjirye* to collect (a debt), to ask for (a debt settlement, loan payment) • *Omukali ayabire kubanja empiiya zaamwe.* The woman has gone to collect her debts.

**banula** *(oku)banula* v.intr. *banwire* (of an animal) to be about to calve • *Onte wange abanwire.* My cow is about to calve.

**banza** adv. first • *Banza okole ekyo otakandikire kiyaaka.* Do that first before you start something new.

**baraga** *(oku)baraga* v.tr. *baragire* to purify a graveyard (a cultural ceremony performed to expel evil spirits) • *Abaikali baabire kubaraga.* The elders have gone to purify the grave-

yard. **Barwenda** *(o)Barwenda* n.1a name given to a child whose father is not known • *OBarwenda ni yafiire bamuzikire omu limbo kubba ndoowo eyali amaite oite waamwe.* When Barwenda died, he was buried in a public cemetery because his father was not known.

**batiza** *(oku)batiza* v.tr. *batizire* to baptise • *Tukwendya kwaba kubatiza baana.* We want to go and baptise the children.

**Batumbya** *(o)Batumbya* n.1a name given to a child who is born when his or her parents are wrongly accused **baza**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)baza* v.tr. *bazire* (a) to talk, to speak (a language) • *Naani abakubaza oLuganda?* Who is speaking Luganda? (b) to present • *Ensonga yaamu gibaze n'okyaliwo.* Present your matter while you are still here.

**baza**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)baza* v.tr. *bazire* to calculate • *Baza ekibalo kyamu.* Solve your calculation problem.

**baziira**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)baziira* v.tr. *baziire* to speak for, to represent • *Naani eyabaziira eka eni omu kanisa?* Who will speak for the family during the church service?

**baziira**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)baziira* v.tr. *baziire* to sew • *Leeta ekiteeteeyi ekyo tukibaziire.* Bring the dress and we will sew it.

**bba** *(oku)bba* v.intr. *bbaire* (a) to be, to exist • *Kanca abba buli amwe.* God exists everywhere. (b) to live • *Obba ayi?* Where do you live?

**bbaaka** *(oku)bbaaka* v.tr. *bbaakire* to prepare (millet) for fermentation • *Bbaaka obusye tukole amalwa.* Prepare the millet flour for making finger millet beer.

**bbaala** *(e)bbala* n.9/10 <from En.> bar • *Omwenge bagunywera mu bbaala.* They drink alcohol at the

bar.

**bbaarara** *(oku)bbaarara* v.intr. *bbaaraire* to bleat • *Ontaama akubbaarara.* The sheep is bleating.

**bbaasa** *(e)bbaasa* n.9/10 <from Sw.> envelope • *Yaba oku iduuka onguure yo ebaasa.* Go to the shop and buy me an envelope.

**bbaasi** *(e)bbaasi* n.9/10 <from En.> bus • *Ebbaasi etulekere.* The bus has left us.

**bbaasikooti** *(o)bbasikooti* n.1a/10 <from En.> waistcoat • *Emambya nazwala bbaasikooti.* Tomorrow I will wear the waistcoat.

**bbaatule** *(e)bbaatule* n.9/10 <from En.> battery • *Bbatuule yaiswe eweireku omuuro.* Our battery is depleted.

**bbaawolayini** *(e)bbaawolayini* n.9/10 angle line • *Omwomboki atambula n'ebbaawolayini yaamwe.* The builder walks with his angle line.

**bbabbya** *(oku)bbabbya* v.tr. *bbabbirye* to rape • *ONtale abbabbya abakali baitu epoliisi temukwata.* Ntale rapes women but he is never arrested by the police.

**Bbaibbuli** *(e)bbaibbuli* n.9/10 <from En.> the Bible • *Naani eyasoma eBbaibbuli olwaleero omu kanisa.* Who will read the Bible in the church today?

**bbairo** *(e)bbairo* n.9/10 pen • *Ebbairo eni ewandiika kubbi.* This pen writes poorly.

**bbaka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bbaka* v.tr. *bbakire* (a) to catch while in the air • *Bbaka eibbaale eryo.* Catch that stone. (b) **bbaka (o)mupiira** to play netball • *Abaala babbaka omupiira.* The girls are playing netball.

**bbaka**<sup>2</sup> *(e)bbaka* n.9/10 bra • *Otompeerya bbaka emwei, mpeerya ebbaka isatu.* Don't give me one bra, give me three bras.

**bbakira** *(oku)bbakira* v.tr. *bbakiire* to interrupt impudently, without respect • *Lwaki obbakira abantu abakulu?* Why do you interrupt your elders impudently?

**bbakuli** *(e)bbakuli* n.9/10 <from Sw.> bowl, dish • *Aliiriire mu bbakuli.* She has eaten from a bowl.

**bbalaafu** *(o)bbalaafu* n.1a/10 <from Persian via Sw.> ice • *Naani akutunda obbalaafu?* Who is selling ice? **bbalawuuzi** *(e)bbalawuuzi* n.9/10 bra • *Ebbalawuuzi eni ekumiga amabeere.* The bra is tight.

**Bbalaza** *(e)Bbalaza* n.9 Monday • *Akatale akawaiswe kabbaawo ku Bbalaza.* Monday is our market day. **bbalubbu** *(e)bbalubbu* n.9/10 <from En.> light bulb • *Ebbalubbu eni tekwaka kusai.* This bulb does not light well.

**bbaluka** *(oku)bbaluka* v.intr. *bbalukire* (a) to burst • *Omupiira gubbalukire lumwei.* The ball has burst suddenly. (b) (of popcorns) to pop • *Obuberenge tibubbaluukire nga ni nalowoize.* The popcorn is not popping like I expected. (c) to die suddenly • *Yabbalukiire oku paaka.* He died suddenly in the park.

bbalula

**bbalula** *(oku)bbalula* v.tr. *bbalwire* to hit, to strike hard • *Amubbalwire ogu, n'afeerawo.* She hit him with a stick, and he died from it.

**bbaluuni** *(e)bbaluuni* n.9/10 <from En.> balloon • *Ebbaluuni epuulinkire.* The balloon burst.

**bbaluwa** *(e)bbaluwa* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> letter, certificate • *Awandiikira ozeiza waamwe ebbaluwa.* She writes a letter to her grandmother.

**bbama** *(oku)bbama* v.intr. *bbamire* to run aimlessly • *Omugwi wa iralu amala gabbama atyo.* A madman runs around aimlessly.

**bbambaatala** *(oku)bbambaatala* v.intr. *bbambataire* (a) to be flat • *Omwana yabbambataire omutwe.* The child has a flat head. (b) to sprawl, to sit clumsily • *Omusaiza atalina mpisa abbambaatalambe oku ntebe.* The ill-mannered man sprawls in the chair.

**bbambaatali** (e.g. *kibbambaatali, lubbambaatali*) adj. deformed, misshapen, crooked • *Bbokisi egibbambaatali ti gisai kutawalamu mawuli.* A box which is crooked is not good for carrying eggs.

**bbambatalya** *(oku)bbambatalya* v.tr. *bbambbatairye* (in pottery) to make thinner, to make level • *Omubumbi yeekeera n'abbambaatalya eibbumba nga akalyai kubumba.* A potter makes the clay thinner before doing actual pottery.

**bbambuka** *(oku)bbambuka* v.tr. *bbambukire* to peel off (skin, to paint), to shed (skin) • *Bamusukireku amaizi agayo n'abbambuka omubiri.* They have poured hot water on her, and her skin has peeled off.

**bbambula** *(oku)bbambula* v.tr. *bbambwire* to skin off (a tree), to remove the top layer • *Bbambula omusaale ogwo.* Skin that tree.

**bbampa** *(e)bbampa* n.9/10 <from En.> bumper • *Bbampa ya motoka eni gikooto.* This car's bumper is big. **bbana** *(oku)bbana* v.intr. *bbanire* to harden • *Amatooke gabbanire.* The matoke has hardened.

**bbanda** *(oku)bbanda* v.tr. *bbandire* to knock, to hit, to knock down • *Emotoka emubbandire.* He has been hit by a vehicle.

**bbandagala** *(oku)bbandagala* v.intr. *bbandagaire* to be lucky (by getting something better than what one expected)

**bbandania** *(oku)bbandania* v.intr. *bbandainie* to be in a hurry • *Okubbandania nka owa ntanaki.* You are hurrying like one who wants to vomit. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala saying)

**bbandeegi** *(e)bbandeegi* n.9/10 <from En.> bandage • *Ebbandeegi yakusweka mukono.* The bandage is for protecting the hand.

**bbandi** *(e)bbandi* n.9/10 <from En.> musical band • *Eyo bbandi ya Mukama.* That is Mukama's band.

**bbandisya** *(oku)bbandisya* v.tr. *bbandisirye* to invoke spirits, to summon

spirits • *Abakibandwa bakubbandisya.* The traditional priests are invoking spirits.

**bbando** *(o)bbando* n.1a/10 maize paste • *Bakusumba bbando.* They are preparing a maize paste dish.

**bbandula** *(oku)bbandula* v.tr. *bbandwire* (a) to throw down (the opponent in wrestling), to hit, to strike hard • *Yamubbandwire ekigwo.* He wrestled him down. (b) to yank, to pull forcefully (e.g. a door) • *Abaibbi babbandwire olwige.* The thieves yanked on the door.

**bbangalala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bbangalala* v.intr. *bbangalaire* (a) to thrust out (one's chest), to swell with pride • *Omwojo omwepanki yatambwire n'abbangalairye ekisubba ekiro kyona.* The boy was so proud that he walked with his chest out all day long. (b) (of ears) to point up • *Amatwi ga mbwene gabbangalaire.* The dog's ears are pointing up.

**bbangalala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)bbangalala* v.intr. *bbangalaire* (of hoe) to be fixed poorly or crookedly • *Ensika yange yabbangalaire.* My hoe was fixed crookedly.

**bbangulya** *(oku)bbangulya* v.tr. *bbangwirye* to sharpen, to hone, to whet • *Bbangulya ensone yange.* Sharpen my knife.

**bbanka** *(e)bbanka* n.9/10 <from En.> bank • *Obiika mu bbanka ki?* In which bank do you save?

**bbasiisiirya** *(oku)bbasiisiirya* v.tr. *bbasiisiirye* to rock a child to fall

asleep • *Omukali akubbasiisiirya mwana waamwe.* A mother is rocking her baby to sleep.

**bbasisya** *(oku)bbasisya* v.tr. *bbasisirye* to lay a baby to sleep • *Bbasisya omwana omu kitabu kya zeiza waamwei.* Lay the baby to sleep in its grandmother's bed.

**bbasya** *(oku)bbasya* v.intr. *bbasirye* (a) to lie, to lie down • *Bbasya ansi nkukubbe.* Lie down and I will beat you. (b) to sleep • *Twala omwana abbasye.* Take that child to sleep. (c) to have sex • *Bamukwaite n'abbasirye n'omuka musaiza.* He was caught while having sex with someone's wife.

**bbatika** *(oku)bbatika* v.tr. *bbatikire* (of millet paste) to prepare • *Omwojo tamaite kubbatika bwita.* The boy does not know how to prepare millet paste.

**bbatikira** *(oku)bbatikira* v.tr. *bbatikiire* (a) to boil water for mixing millet • *Bbatikira amaizi tumyene akaita.* Boil the water and let's mix millet. (b) to prepare food quickly • *Bbatikirawo omugeni ayabe nga aliireku.* Prepare food quickly for the visitor before he goes.

**bbe** interj. no (used to give a negative response, express disagreement) • *Bbe, tiwagule kisolo kini.* No, you will not buy this animal.

**bbebbena** *(oku)bbebbena* v.tr. *bbebbenere* to bite off • *Ombuli akubbebbena ekiyaata kyamu.* The goat is biting off your sweet potato.

**bbeeda** *(oku)bbeeda* v.tr. *bbeedere* to lift (something heavy), to raise up • *Mwize tubbeede omusaale guni.* Come and we will lift this tree.

**bbeedi** *(e)bbeedi* n.9/10 <from En.> nursery bed (land for raising seedlings) • *Ewaiswe waliyo ebbeedi y'emicungwai.* There is a nursery bed of orange trees in our area.

**bbeereere** (e.g. *bubbeereere*) adj. ever-lasting, eternal, never-ending • *Obukama bwamu bubbeereere.* May your kingship last forever and ever.

**bbeesyabbeesya** *(oku)bbeesyabbeesya* v.tr. *bbeesyebbeeserye* (a) to comfort, to console, to ease (the grief or distress of a person) • *Nyabire mu dwaliro kubbeesyabbeesya mulwaire.* I have gone to the hospital to comfort the sick. (b) to keep someone company, to accompany, to spend time with someone • *Omugenyi mubbeesyebbeesye.* Keep the visitor company.

**bbeeyi** *(e)bbeeyi* n.9/10 price, cost • *Ebbeeyi ya birume eniinire.* The price of crops has gone up.

**bbembera** *(oku)bbembera* v.tr. *bbembeire* to lead, to guide, to direct, to be in charge, to chair (a meeting) • *Bbemberamu!* Lead the way!

**bbendera** *(e)bbendera* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> flag, banner • *Ebbendera ya Uganda erimu erangi isatu.* The Ugandan flag has three colours.

**bbensani** *(e)bbensani* n.9/10 <from En.> basin, deep dish • *Ebbensani yange eyatikire.* My basin has cracked.

**bbereituka** *(oku)bbereituka* v.intr. *bbangalaire* to move gracefully and slowly • *Okubbereituka nk'ombuli ayatirye ekinaga.* You are walking as gracefully as a goat that has broken a clay cooking pan. (proverb)

**bbi** (e.g. *gubbi, mubbi, bibbi*) adj. (a) bad, evil, malevolent, harmful • *Abaiti bantu babbi.* The murderers are bad people. (b) ugly, unattractive, unpleasant in appearance • *Omukaire oyo mubbi.* That old person is ugly.

**bbibbiigana** *(oku)bbibbiigana* v.intr. *bbibbiigaine* to act hurriedly and in panic • *Akubbibbiigana nka eyatanaka.* He is hurrying like one who wants to vomit. (a proverb)

**bbiinikira** *(oku)bbiinikira* v.tr. *bbiinikiire* to cover • *Bbiinikira omukubi gwaiswe.* Cover our sauce.

**bbiinukula** *(oku)bbiinukula* v.tr. *bbiinukwire* (a) to turn upside down, to overturn • *Bbiinukulawo ekibbaale ekyo mbone ekiri ansi.* Turn the stone over so that I can see what is underneath it. (b) to uncover • *Bbiinukula emere.* Uncover the food.

**bbiisya** *(oku)bbiisya* v.intr. *bbiisyere* to be exasperated, to be infuriates, to be irritated, to be annoyed, to be angry • *Omusaiza abbiisyere muno.* The man is very exasperated.

**bbiitikira** *(oku)bbiitikira* v.tr. *bbitikiire* to cover • *Ombwene bamubbiitikiireku epipa.* The dog was covered with a drum.

**bbiiya** *(oku)bbiiya* v.intr. *bbiiyire* to

bbiiya

be ugly, to be unattractive • *Omusaiza oyo yeena yabbiiyire muno.* That man is also very ugly.

**bbiiyabbiiya** *(oku)bbiiyabbiiya* v.intr. *bbiiyabbiyire* to behave dishonestly • *Omukali oyo atandikire okubbiiyabbiiya.* That woman has started to behave dishonestly.

**bbiiyisya** *(oku)bbiiyisya* v.tr. *bbiiyisirye* to speak ill (of), to speak badly of, to badmouth, to criticise • *Lwaki obbiiyisya abaira baamu?* Why are you speaking ill of your friends?

**bbimbitiirya** *(oku)bbimbitiirya* v.tr. *bbimbitiriirye* (a) to catch unaware, to catch off guard, to engage or take advantage of when one is careless or not vigilant • *Omusaiza abaibbi bamubbimbitiriirye.* The thieves took the man by surprise. (b) to catch redhanded, to catch in the act • *Abanyagi baababbimbitiriirye.* The robbers were caught red-handed.

**bbinika**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bbinika* v.tr. *bbinikire* to overload, to overburden • *Epiikaapu bagibbinikire poliisi ekwaba kubakwata.* The pick-up is overloaded, they will be arrested by the police.

**bbinika**<sup>2</sup> *(e)bbinika* n.9/10 kettle • *Ebbinika ekutoonya mujuwulukye enzai.* The kettle is leaking, take it outside.

**bbirigi** *(e)bbirigi* n.9/10 plumb bob • *Obutereeri bwa mwomo tibwangu awatali bbirigi.* The straightness of the wall is difficult to achieve without a plumb bob.

**bbiringita** *(oku)bbiringita* v.intr.

*bbiringitire* to roll • *Mboine abasirikale ni bakubbiringita omu kisaawe.* I have seen soldiers rolling in the field. **bbisa** *(oku)bbisa* v.tr. *bbisire* to hide, to put out of sight, to conceal • *Abbisere empale yange.* He has hidden my trousers.

**bbisi** (e.g. *mubbisi, lubbisi, kibbisi*) adj. (a) unripe, green • *Omuyembe ogubbisi ti gusai kulya.* An unripe mango is not good for eating. (b) raw, uncooked • *Omuwogo ogubbisi n'ogutakunya gubburuutukambe.* When you eat raw cassava, it crunches.

**bbisika** *(oku)bisika* v.tr. *bbisikire* to mark (especially a banana plant) for a specific purpose • *Nabbisikire eitooke lyange lye naalirya oku pasiika.* I marked the banana which will be eaten on Easter day.

**bbisikwiti** *(o)bbisikwiti* n.1a <from En.> biscuit • *Abaana bendya muno obbisikwiti.* Children like biscuits a lot.

**bbiya** *(o)bbiya* n.1a <from En.> beer • *Obbiya atamiirya era asobola okwita omuntu.* Beer makes one drunk and can kill.

**bbizineesi** *(e)bbizineesi* n.9/10 <from En.> business, line of work, occupation, trade • *Nkola bbizineesi ya ncwi.* I am in the fishing business.

**bboberwa** *(oku)bboberwa* v.tr. *bbobeirwe* (of millet dough) to cover • *Bboberya obwita busobole okwenga.* Cover the millet so that it can ripen. **bbogola** *(oku)bbogola* v.tr. *bbogoire* to break off • *Abaana babbogoire ei-* *taagi lya musaale.* The children have broken off a branch of a tree.

**bboigola** [see *bbwoigola*]

**bboka** *(oku)bboka* v.intr. *bbokere* to cry loudly, to scream, to yell • *Odi omusirikale akubbokera ki?* Why is that soldier screaming?

**bbokisi** *(e)bbokisi* n.9/10 <from En.> box • *Nguurayo ebbokisi ya maizi.* Buy a box of water for me.

**bbolokoma** *(oku)bbolokoma* v.intr. *bbolokomere* (a) to roar • *Ompologoma abbolokomere!* A lion has roared. (b) to wail, to howl • *Omwojo akubbolokomera ki?* Why is the boy wailing?

**bbomba** [see *bbumba*]

**bbomu** *(o)bbomu* n.9/10 <from En.> bomb • *Ebbomu epuulinkire.* The bomb has exploded.

**bbongo** *(o)bbongo* n.1a thickened milk, yoghurt • *Obbongo wa Uganda awooma.* The yoghurt from Uganda is delicious.

**bbongoka** *(oku)bbongoka* v.intr. *bbongokere* (of teeth) to be broken • *Amaino g'amusaiza oni gabbongokere.* This man's teeth are broken.

**bbongoki** (e.g. *lubbongoki, kibbongoki*) adj. broken • *Amaino agabbongoki gaboneka kubbi.* Broken teeth look ugly.

**bbongola** *(oku)bbongola* v.tr. *bbongoire* to dent, to break • *Omwana abbongoire omunwa gwa saani.* The child has dented my plate.

**bboodingi** *(e)bboodingi* n.9/10 gomesi (a floor-length, brightly coloured

cloth dress with a square neckline and short, puffed sleeves) • *Omukali omukulu azwala bboodingi.* Adult women wear gomesi.

**bboogi** quant. plenty • *Enanansi bboogi ani e Kangulumira.* The pineapples are plentiful in Kangulumira.

**bbooka** *(oku)booka* v.tr. *bbookere* to dig (esp. potato mounds), to hill (potatoes) • *Mwize tubbooke ebitindyole bya biyaata.* Come and let's dig potato mounds.

**bboola** <Buyende> *(oku)bboola* v.tr. *bboire* to deceive, to cheat on, to fool • *Omukali oyo abboola muno oiba amwe.* That woman deceives her husband a lot.

**bborokoka** *(oku)bbolokoka* v.intr. *bborokokere* to be completely ripe (e.g. of a mango, pineapple) • *Omuyembe gubborokokere.* The mango is completely ripe.

**bborokoki** (e.g. *mubborokoki, mibborokoki*) adj. fully ripe • *Aguure epaapaali eribborokoki.* He has bought a fully ripe pawpaw.

**bbubbuka** *(oku)bbubbuka* v.intr. *bbubbukire* to fly abruptly • *Ekinyonyi kibbubbukire okuzwa ku musaale.* The bird has flown off the tree.

**bbubbuuluka** *(oku)bbubbuluuka* v.intr. *bbubbuulukire* to storm out, to stride away angrily • *Yabbubbuulukire omu lukiiko lwa kumuwakanya.* He stormed out of a meeting because his idea was not accepted. **bbubbuulula** *(oku)bbubbuulula* v.tr. *bbubbulwire* to chase away • *Yaba obbubbuulule enyonyi zitalya biduuma.* Go and chase away the birds so that they don't eat the maize.

**bbuca** *(e)bbuca* n.9/10 <from En.> butcher's shop, meat vendor • *Ayabire oku bbuca kugula nyama.* He has gone to the butcher's to buy meat.

**bbugubbugu** adv. (of flames) luminously • *Omuuro guni gukwaka bbugubbugu.* This fire burns with luminous flame.

**bbulaasi** *(e)bbulaasi* n.9/10 <from En.> brush • *Ebbulaasi ya nkaito eri ayi?* Where is the shoe brush?

**bbulangiti** *(e)bbulangiti* n.9/10 <from En.> blanket • *Tindina bbulangiti ya kukolesya.* I have no blanket to use.

**bbulawuzi** *(e)bbulawuzi* n.9/10 <from En.> blouse • *Ebbulawuzi yaamwe eyonokere.* Her blouse is torn.

**bbuligediya** *(o)bbuligediya* n.1a/2 <from En.> brigadier • *Obuligedia Kasirye ataka ensi yaamwe.* Brigadier Kasirye loves his country.

**bbuliti** *(e)bbuliti* n.9/10 timber, wood board • *Nkwendyayo ebbuliti itaanu.* I would like to have five wood boards.

**bbulooka** *(e)bbulooka* n.9/10 <from En.> brick • *Enyumba yange ya bbulooka.* My house is made of bricks.

**bbulu** [see *bbululu*]

**bbuluka** *(oku)bbuluka* v.intr. *bbulukire* to come out of (e.g. a hole, a problem, etc.) • *Omese abbulukire omu kiina.* The rat has come out of

the hole.

**bbulukuma** *(oku)bbulukuma* v.intr. *bbulukumire* (a) (of a lion) to roar • *Owuliire ontale n'akubbulukuma?* Have you heard the lion roaring? (b) to speak authoritatively • *Naani oyo akubbulukuma nko isemaka?* Who is that speaking authoritatively as if he is the head of the family?

**bbulukumya** *(oku)bbulukumya* v.tr. *bbulukumirye* to play a drum, to drum • *Banaani abakubbulukumya engoma?* Who are those people playing on the drum?

**bbululu** *(o)bbululu* n.1a <from En.> (a) blue • *Bbululu ono abonekere kusai.* This blue looks nice. (b) blue powder (UgE), blue powdered detergent produced by Unilever as Omo Detergent • *Eirai abantu bakolesyanga ebbululu okukyanganula engoye ezeeru.* In the past people used to use blue powder to brighten white clothes. (c) **bbululu (o)mukwenyi** light blue • *Bbululu omukwenyi timwendya.* I do not like light blue.

**bbumba**<sup>1</sup> *(e)bbumba* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> pump sprayer, pressure pump • *Ntiizaku ebbumba yaamu.* Lend me your pressure pump.

**bbumba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)bbumba* v.intr. *bbumbire* to keep mum, to remain silent, to be mute, to keep peace • *Yabbumbire omu lukiiko lwona.* He remained silent throughout the meeting.

**bbumbata** *(oku)bbumbata* v.tr. *bbumbatire* (a) to keep in the mouth

(a liquid), to hold in the mouth • *Bbumbata amaizi.* Hold the water in your mouth. (b) **bbumbata (o)munwa** to shut (one's) mouth, to shut up • *Bbumbata omunwa gwamu!* Shut your mouth, please!

**bbumbumbu** adv. very, totally • *Omukali mwiraguzu bbumbumbu.* The woman is very black.

**bbumbutala** *(oku)bbumbutala* v.intr. *bbumbutaire* (a) to be uncommunicative in speech, to say little, to be sullen • *Oisemaka abbumbutaire nka gwe baimire emere.* The head of the family is sullen as though he has been denied food. (b) **bbumbutalya matama** to remain silent, to be mute • *Bamukoba abbumbutairye matama.* They are asking and he is remaining silent.

**bbungu** *(o)bbungu* n.1a alcoholic beverage made from cassava and sorghum • *Obbungu bamukola mu muwogo.* Bbungu is made from cassava.

**bburuka** *(oku)bburuka* v.intr. *bburukire* (of a baby) to gain weight • *Omwana abburukire.* The child has gained weight.

**bburukuma** *(oku)bburukuma* v.intr. *bburukumire* (of spirits) to make a sound indicating arrival • *Ombandwa abburukuma okulanga nti ayikire.* The spirit is announcing its arrival.

**bburukuuma** *(oku)bburukuuma* v.intr. *bburukuumire* (of a lion) to roar • *Nyiruka ontale akubburukuu-* *ma.* I am running away from a lion which is roaring.

**bburuutuka** *(oku)bburuutuka* v.intr. *bburuutukire* to make a crunching sound, to crunch • *Omuwogo ogubbisi n'ogutakunya gubburuutukambe.* When you eat raw cassava, it crunches.

**bbutika** *(oku)bbutika* v.tr. *bbutikire* (of food or water) to keep in the mouth • *OSembuya abbutikire emere omu matama.* Sembuya has kept food in his mouth.

**bbutuka** *(oku)bbutuka* v.intr. *bbutukire* (a) to sprout • *Obutiko bubbutukire.* The mushrooms have sprouted. (b) to burst (into laughter), to burst out (laughing)• *Ni namukobereku yabbutukirembe nseko.* When I counselled her, she just burst into laughter.

**bbutula** *(oku)bbutula* v.tr. *bbutwire* (a) to blow (into the fire) to make it burn harder • *Omwana akubbutula omuuro.* The child is making the fire burn harder by blowing. (b) to play loudly (a drum) • *Omwana atubbutuliire engoma.* The child has played the drum loudly for us.

**bbututulya** *(oku)bbututulya* v.intr./tr. *bbututwirye* (a) to germinate • *Ebijanjaalo bitandikire okububbututulya.* The beans have started germinating. (b) to cause to bubble • *Encwi zikubbututulya amaizi.* The water is bubbling due to the fish's breathing.

**bbuubya** *(oku)bbuubya* v.tr. *bbuubi-*

*rye* to wade through (water), to walk through (something filled with water) • *Tulina kubbuubya maizi okwaba kudi.* We have to wade through the water in order to get to the other side.

**bbuuka** *(oku)bbuuka* v.tr. *bbuukire* to smear (with a lot of ointment or cream) • *Bbuuka ebigita ebikumala oku mikono.* Smear enough vaseline on the hands.

**bbuukula** *(oku)bbuukula* v.intr. *bbuukwire* (a) (of a bull) to bellow • *Onumi akubbuukula.* The bull is bellowing. (b) to speak assertively • *Owuliire oisemaka n'abbuukwire?* Have you heard the head of the family speaking assertively?

**bbuukulya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bbuukulya* v.tr. *bbuukwirye* to grind (using the grinding stone) • *Bbuukulya obwita.* Grind the millet.

**bbuukulya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)bbuukulya* v.intr. *bbuukwirye* to be erect (of a penis) • *Akasiisa ka musaiza kakubbuukulya.* The man has an erection.

**bbuukuuma** *(oku)bbuukuuma* v.intr. *bbuukuumire* to boom, to roar, to rumble • *Ekidongo kikubbuukuuma.* The music is booming.

**bbuusuuka** *(oku)bbuusuuka* v.intr. *bbuusuukire* to walk away in protest • *Abbuusuukire n'abireka awo.* He walked away in protest and abandoned everything.

**bbuuta** *(oku)bbuuta* v.tr. *bbuutire* to gulp, to swallow quickly • *Omusaiza yabbuutire amalwa mu kaseera*

*kadooli muno.* The man gulped the beer in no time.

**bbuutikira** *(oku)bbuutikira* v.tr. *bbutikiire* (a) to cover • *Omulwaire bamubbuutikere ebbulangiti.* The patient was covered with a blanket. (b) to treat with a steam bath (for medical purposes) • *Omulwaire bamubbutikiire.* The patient was treated with a steam bath.

**bbuutu** *(e)bbuutu* n.9/10 <from En.> car boot, trunk (of a car) • *Emigugu bagita mu bbuutu.* The luggage was put in the car boot.

**bbuwa** [see *bbwa1*]

**bbwa**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bbwa* v.tr. *bbwere* (a) to bind, to tie, to attach • *Bamaare okusereka era atibuni bakubbwaku ngogo za maizi.* They finished roofing and they are now binding the water gutters. (b) to tie, to wrap, to handcuff • *Bbuwa omwibbi odi atayiruka.* Handcuff that thief so that he does not run away. (c) to detain, to imprison • *Omwibbi bamubbwere emyaka ibiri.* The thief was detained for two years. (d) to weave (hair), to make hair extension, to plait • *Omukali oyo abbwa kusai eisoke.* That woman weaves hair so neatly. (e) to staple (sheets of paper), to attach with staples • *Bbwa empapula ezo ompungo atazitwala.* Staple those papers so that they are not blown away by the wind. (f) to dress (a wound) • *Bbwa ekyoya omusaayi guleke kwiza.* Dress the wound so that it stops bleeding.

**bbwa**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bbwa* n.1a/10 fox • *Ntiina muno obbwa.* I am very afraid of the fox.

**bbwabbwanuka** *(oku)bbwabbwanuka* v.intr. *bbwabbwanukire* (of thunder or person) to sound thunderously, to make a loud sound in a way that suggests thunder, to rumble • *Weena okubbwabbwanuka bundi.* You too are speaking very loudly.

**bbwanamukulu** *(o)bbwanamukulu* n.1a/2 (in the Catholic church) parish priest • *OKato niye bbwanamukulu wa Kitimbwa.* Kato is the parish priest of Kitimbwa.

**bbwatuka** *(oku)bbwatuka* v.intr. *bbwatukire* (e.g. of a bomb, landmine) to explode • *Erandimayini ebbwatukire.* The landmine has exploded.

**bbwatula** *(oku)bbwatula* v.tr. *bbwatwire* (a) to fire (a fire weapon), to shoot • *Omusirikale yabbwatwire amasasi.* The soldier fired a gun. (b) to give thunderous applause, to clap loudly • *Bamubbwatuliire engalo nga amaare okuwa orubazo.* He was given thunderous applause after his speech.

**bbwesya** *(oku)bbwesya* v.tr. *bbweserye* to cast a disabling spell • *Omulogo abbwesya abayiigi bairaamwe.* The witch casts a disabling spell on her fellow hunters.

**bbwoigola** [see *bboigola*] *(oku) bbwoigola* v.intr. *bbwoigoire* (a) to bark • *Ombwene akubbwoigola buli*

*bwire.* The dog barks every night. (b) to boom, to roar, to rumble • *Ekidongo kiboigola du du du.* The music is booming loudly.

**bbwotola** *(oku)bbwotola* v.tr. *bbwotoire* to demolish, to knock down • *Enyumba bagibbwotoire.* They have demolished the house.

**bbwotooka** *(oku)bbwotooka* v.intr. *bbwotookere* to collapse • *Olutindo lwabbwotookere.* The bridge has collapsed.

**bebera** *(oku)bebera* v.intr. *bebeire* (of a he-goat) to excite a she-goat for mating • *Ompanya akubebera.* The he-goat is exciting a she-goat (in order to mate).

**beega** [see *beyega*]

**beegeerya** *(oku)beegeerya* v.tr. *beegeirye* (a) to persuade, to convince • *Beegeerya omwana oyo ayireyo oku isomero.* Persuade the child to go back to school. (b) to scam, to swindle, to coax, to persuade, to convince • *Yaba omubeegeerye omwibbeku emiyembe.* Go and scam him and steal his mangoes.

**bega** *(oku)bega* v.tr. *begere* to spy, to keep under surveillance • *Omukama wa faamu abega amuvuganya.* The farm owner spies on his competitor. **beizuka** *(oku)beizuka* v.intr. *beizukere* to roam around, to wander • *Omwana oyo abeizukambe bulu lunaku.* That child just roams around every day.

**bembulula** *(oku)bembulula* v.tr. *bembulwire* to unroof, to remove the

roof of • *Lwaki okubembulula enyumba?* Why are you removing the roof of the house?

**bendabenda** *(oku)bendabenda* v.intr. *bendabendere* to walk hunched over, to walk bent over • *Lwaki okubendabenda, olwaire?* Why do you walking hunched over? Are you sick?

**bendeera** *(oku)bendeera* v.tr. *bendeire* to wait • *Akubendeera ebbaasi eize.* She is waiting for the bus to come.

**bendula** *(oku)bendula* v.intr. *bendwire* to be half open • *Olwige balubendwireku kadooli.* The door is half open.

**berabera** *(oku)berabera* v.tr. *berabeire* to look after, to take care of • *Omukali oyo aberabera muno abantu ba waabwe.* That woman takes good care of her family members.

**beyega** *(oku)beyega* v.tr. *beyegere* to deceive, to cheat, to trick, to fool, to lie • *Mbeyega nkubeyege.* Deceive me and I will deceive you.

**beyegeerya** [see *beegeerya*]

**beyera** *(oku)beyera* v.intr. *beyeire* (of hen) to move up and down • *Onkoko abeyera ng'akuswagana we yabiika.* A hen moves up and down searching for a place to lay eggs.

**bi-** pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 7 on verbs

**bibango** *(e)bibango* n.8 ore • *Ebibango bizwamu ekyoma n'emisinga.* Ore is used to produce iron and copper.

**bibbalu** *(e)bibbalu* n.8 syphilis • *Ozeiza wange alwaire ebibbalu.* My grandfather is suffering from syphilis.

**bibembe** *(e)bibembe* n.8 leprosy • *Naboine omusaiza omulwaire wa bibembe.* I saw a man suffering from leprosy.

**bibuulyo** [see *kibuulyo*] *(e)bibuulyo* n.7/8 exam, examination • *Omwana waamu agwire ebibuulyo.* Your son has failed the examination.

**bica** *(e)bica* n.8 (of an animal) neck part • *Oku mbuli naalya bica.* I will eat the neck part of the goat.

**bicwantai** *(e)bicwantai* n.8 saliva • *Naani acwire ani ebicwantai bini?* Who has spat this saliva here?

**bidede** *(e)bidede* n.8 food stuck on the sides of a cooking pan • *Abaana bataka okulya ebidede.* The children love eating the food which sticks on the sides of the cooking pan.

**bidengu** *(e)bidengu* n.8 skin sores • *Ebidengu kabonero ka bisoni.* Skin sores are symptoms of syphilis in advanced stages.

**bidi** [see *di*]

**bidombodo** *(e)bidombodo* n.8 poor quality beer • *Ebidombodo bini tibisai ku bageni.* Poor quality beer is not good for guests.

**bifuka** *(e)bifuka* n.8 leftovers • *E Buganda omusaiza talya bifuka.* In Buganda a man does not eat leftovers.

**bigada** *(e)bigada* n.8 banana finger stuffed into a person's anus as punishment • *Omusyoli bamupakiiremu ebigada.* The night dancer got banana fingers stuffed into his anus (as a punishment for practicing night dancing).

**bigagu** *(e)bigagu* n.8 overnight leftovers with slime • *Nje tindya bigagu.* I don't eat overnight leftovers that have gotten slimy.

**bigenge** [see *bibembe*]

**bigita** *(e)bigita* n.8 petroleum jelly, vaseline • *Omwana yeebbuukire ebigita.* Scoop the vaseline and apply it on your body.

**bigiza** *(oku)bigiza* v.intr. *bigizire* (a) to act as a master of ceremonies (at a wedding), to MC • *Titulina muntu wa kubigiza oku bugenyi.* We do not have anyone to act as the master of ceremonies at the wedding. (b) to moderate (e.g. radio programme) • *Olwaleero niiwe wabigiza oku ladiyo.* Today you will be moderating on the radio.

**bigoye** *(e)bigoye* n.8 brucellosis • *Onte wange mulwaire wa bigoye.* My cow is infected with brucellosis.

**bigwabitalagire** *(e)bigwabitalagire* n.8 disaster preparadness • *ekitongole kya gavument ekivunaanyizibwa oku bigwabitalagire* the government agency responsible for disaster preparedness

**biici** *(e)biici* n.9/10 <from En.> beach • *Abantu baabinuka oku biici emambya.* The people will have fun at the beach tomorrow.

**biika**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)biika* v.tr. *biikire* (a) to keep, to hold, to keep safe • *Biika empiiya zange kusai.* Keep my

money safe. (b) to store, to stockpile • *Biika ebiyimba omu ibiikiro.* Store the beans in the storeroom. (c) (of money) to save, to put aside (d) (of secrets) to keep, to conceal • *Oyo omukali tabiika byama.* That woman does not keep secrets.

**biika**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)biika* v.tr. *biikire* to lay (eggs) • *Onkoko abiikire amawuli mukaaga.* The hen has laid six eggs.

**Biikira Maliya** *(o)Biikira Maliya* n.1a Virgin Mary • *OBiikira Maliya yabyaire oYesu.* The virgin Mary gave birth to Jesus.

**biikirya** *(oku)biikirya* v.tr. *biikiirye* to put, to put down, to place, to set down • *Biikirya ekinaga oku meeza.* Put the saucepan on the table.

**biisisya** *(oku)biisisya* v.tr. *biisisirye* to harm someone's good reputation, to damage someone's reputation or credibility • *Okwiza kumbiisisya ewa Sezi.* You are going to damage my credibility with Sezi.

**bijaaruuke** *(e)bijaaruuke* n.8 diluted sauce, watered down sauce • *Basumbire bijaaruuki bya mukubi.* They have prepared a diluted sauce.

**bijeju** *(e)bijeju* n.8 elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) • *Ebijeju zimbisya amagulu.* Elephantiasis causes the legs to swell.

**bijombo** *(e)bijombo* n.8 acne • *Ebijombo biwunya oku isana.* Acne stinks when it is hot.

**bijunzai** *(o)bijunzai* n.1a/2 person infested with jiggers • *Abanjunzai bataiza ani bayinza okutunagira obudu-* *li bwa njunzai.* People infested with jiggers should not come here because they may leave here the larva of jiggers.

**bika** *(oku)bika* v.tr. *bikire* to announce the death (of a person) • *Orufa bamubikire oku ndasamaraka.* The deceased has been announced on the radio.

**bikakamu** *(e)bikakamu* n.8 burnton or left-on food on cooking utensils • *Kolesya eniimu otoolemu ebikakamu omu sefuliya.* Use lemon to scrub off the stuck-on food from the saucepan.

**bikukuju** *(e)bikukuju* n.8 inner surface turned outward, inside out • *Olugoye aluzwaire ku bikukuju.* He is wearing his clothed inside out.

**bikumi** [see also *kikumi*] *(e)bikumi* num. (a) hundreds (b) **bikumi bibiri** two hundred • *Omusaiza yatire abantu abakusoba omu bikumi ebibiiri.* The man killed more than two hundred people. (c) **bikumi bisatu** three hundred (d) **bikumi binai** four hundred (e) **bikumi bitaanu** five hundred

**bimba** *(oku)bimba* v.intr. *bimbire* (of milk) to boil over • *Amatai gabimbire ni gasenseka oku sefuliya.* The milk has boiled over the saucepan.

**bimira** *(e)bimira* n.8 mucus • *Yaba ofulye ebimira.* Go and blow your nose. (lit. Go out and blow out the mucus.)

**bina** *(oku)bina* v.intr. *binire* to dance • *Mbadi adi oku mbaga bakubina.* They are at the party dancing.

**binaga** [see also *birame*] interj. idiomatic expression used by potters to express recognition in response to the expression "Iramyo!" used to thank potters • *Iramyo! – Binaga!* Let them bake well! – The pots!

**binai** *binai* num. four hundred • *Oite wange yalina ente binai.* My father had four hundred cows.

**binda** *(oku)binda* v.ditr. *bindire* to dress (a dead person with loin cloth) • *Mwize mubinde orufa oni olugoye.* Come and dress the dead with a loin cloth.

**bineni** *(e)bineni* n.8 eye discharge • *Naaba amaiso otoolemu ebineni.* Wash the eyes and remove the eye discharge.

**binga** *(oku)binga* v.tr. *bingire* (a) to chase after, to pursue intently • *Akubinga ku byakufuna paasipoota kwaba nzai.* He is chasing after his passport to be able to go abroad. (b) to dance a courtship dance (with a woman) • *Eirai abasaiza babinganga abakali.* In the past men used to dance courtship dances with women.

**bini** [see *ni*]

**binini** [see *bineni*]

**binuka** *(oku)binuka* v.intr. *binukire* to have fun, to have a good time, to enjoy oneself, to make merry • *Abantu baabinuka oku biici emambya.* The people will have fun at beach tomorrow.

**binyaata** *(e)binyaata* n.8 food with-

out sauce • *Ekyansengeserye oku nyanja kutiina binyaata.* What made me live near the lake is the fear of eating food without sauce.

**binyangata** [see *kinyangata*] muddy soil, mud • *Aniinire omu binyangata.* He stepped into mud.

**binyanta** [see *binyaata*]

**binzaali** *(e)binzaali* n.8 <from Ar. via Sw.> curry powder • *Ebinzaali biwoomera omu mukubi.* Curry powder tastes good in a sauce.

**biragalaga** quant. a few, not many, hardly any, scarcely any, a small number • *Nazwire omu ikomera ni nsanga ente zange nga biragalaga.* When I returned from prison, I found only a few of my cattle.

**biralebirale** adv. carelessly, sloppily, casually, inattentively, negligently • *Ebintu byamu lwaki obikola biralebirale?* Why do you do things carelessly?

**birali** *(e)birali* n.8 strabismus, crossed eyes • *Omukali waamu alina ebirali.* Your wife is cross-eyed.

**birame** [see also *binaga*] interj. an idiomatic expression used to thank a potter for his work • *Biramye! – Binaga!* Let them bake well! – The pots! **bireetwa** *(o)bireetwa* n.1a/2 adopted family member • *Ewaiswe tulina ababireetwa.* In our family we have adopted people.

**biri** (e.g. *babiri, bibiri*) num. (a) two • *Amusulisirye ebiro bibiri.* He accommodated him for two nights. (b) both • *Obimaite ebigwo ebyo ebibi-* *ri?* Do you know both these types of wrestling?

**biriga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)biriga* v.intr. *birigire* (a) to turn over and over, to roll over • *Embaata zitaka muno okubiriga omu maizi.* The ducks like rolling over and over in water. (b) to play the stick game (c) (of children) to play • *Abaana bakubiriga.* The children are playing.

**biriga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)biriga* v.intr. *birigire* to urinate in public places • *Lwaki okubiriga oku kisiika?* Why are you urinating on the wall?

**birigaliga** *(e)birigaliga* n.8 tears • *Amaiso gamwizwire ebirigaliga.* Her eyes are full of tears.

**birigira** *(oku)birigira* v.intr. *birigiire* (of a woman) to look healthy, to be attractive • *Omukali akubirigira nk'atoire enda.* A woman looks attractive when she has conceived.

**birigo** *(e)birigo* n.8 ancestral home • *Baitu we ebirigo byanywe birai?* And you, where is your ancestral home?

**biro** *(e)biro* n.8 (a) time • *Omu biro ebyo abakali tibaalyanga nkoko.* During that time women used not to eat chicken. (b) generation • *Abaana ba biro bini tibagira ngeso.* Children of this generation are undisciplined. (c) **(e)biro di**since when • *Ebiro di yafuukire omemba wa paalamenti?* Since when did he become the member of parliament?

**birungire** *(e)birunge* n.8 mixed sauce (e.g. groundnut sauce mixed with leafy vegetable) • *Tukwaba ku-* *lya ebirungire.* We are going to eat mixed sauce.

**bisa** *(e)bisa* n.8 labour pains • *Omukali alina ebisa bya kumweikumwei.* The woman has frequent labour pains.

**bisaabo** *(e)bisaabo* n.8 mud • *Enzira ya mu mugera eizwire bisaabo.* The path to the river is full of mud.

**bisaasaala** *(e)bisaasaala* n.8 type of food leftovers (top hardened or dried layer of food not suitable for eating) • *Ebisaasaala twabiwaire mberege.* We gave the food leftovers to the pigs.

**Bisabyere**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Bisabyere* n.1a name given to a beloved child • *OBisabyere ibara eriweebwa omwala nga bakumwendya muno.* Bisabyere is a name given to a girl who is dear to her parents.

**Bisabyere**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Bisabyere* n.1a one of the King's houses in the palace (lit. all is fine)

**bisalo** *(e)bisalo* n.8 (a) bride price (b) fine paid for impregnating a girl before marriage • *Omwojo bamusasulisirye ebisalo.* A boy has been asked to pay a fine for impregnating someone before marriage. (c) fees, tuition

• *Ebisale bya isomero babiwanikire.* The school fees have been raised.

**bisente** *(e)bisente* n.8 ringworm (circular fungal skin infection) • *Omwana wange akwatiibwe ebisente oku nda.* My child has ring worms on the stomach.

**bisiyaga** *(e)bisiyaga* n.8 homosexu-

ality

**bisoone** [see *bisooni*]

**bisooni** *(e)bisooni* n.8 syphilis • *Ebisooni bulwaire obuleetebwa obusiyaani.* Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease.

**bisuumwa** *(e)bisuumwa* n.8 banana sponge (scrapings of pith of a flesh banana stem) • *Orufa tumwakalyeku ebisuumwa.* Let's wash the dead body with a banana sponge.

**bisyai** *(e)bisayi* n.8 dung

**bisyono** [see *bisoone*]

**bitaaguju** *(e)bitaaguju* n.8 leftovers (of a lion) • *Ompiti alya bitaaguju bya ntale.* The hyena eats the lion's leftovers.

**bitege** *(e)bitege* n.8 bowlegged • *Omwana oni ata n'ebitege.* This child is bowlegged.

**bitereenyi** *(e)bitereenyi* n.8 toothless gum • *Ebitereenyi bikalubirisya omuntu okulya enyama.* A toothless gum makes it difficult for one to eat meat.

**bizagaamiiro** *(e)bizagaamiiro* n.8 drool, slobber • *Yaba onaabeku ebizagaamiiro.* Go and wash off the drool. **bizobo** *(e)bizobo* n.8 lisp • *Ebizobo bibazisya kubbi omuntu.* A lisp makes a person speak poorly.

**bizyegi** *(e)bizyegi* n.8 food (mostly flour) prepared in a rush, poorly ground • *Olwaleero tuliire bizyegi bya bwita.* Today we have eaten millet whose flour was prepared in a rush.

**bo** pro. they (noun class 2 indepen-

dent pronoun) • *Baleke bo babbasye!* Let them sleep!

**boberwa** *(oku)boberwa* v.tr. *bobeirwe* to cover • *Boberwa obwita busobole okwenga.* Cover the millet so that it can ripen.

**boigoka** *(oku)boigoka* v.intr. *boigekere* to speak harshly • *Omukama w'eka egyo aboigoka mabbwene.* The head of that family speaks harshly like a dog.

**boiza** *(oku)boiza* v.tr. *boizere* (a) (of a bird) to peck • *Enkoko zikuboiza bwita.* The chickens are pecking millet. (b) (of a snake) to bite • *Onjoka aboizere omupaati.* A snake has bitten a stranger.

**boizana** *(oku)boizana* v.intr. *boizaine* (a) to quarrel, to verbally provoke each other, to insult each other • *Abayiya baboizana buli kiro.* Cowives quarrel every day. (b) to speak loudly to oneself (of a mad person)

• *Okuboizana nk'omugwi wa iralu.* You are taking loudly to yourself like a madman.

**boizolya** *(oku)boizolya* v.intr. *boizoirye* (of a bird) to peck repeatedly • *Onkoko akuboizolya omu kyoya kya mwana.* The hen is pecking repeatedly at the child's wound.

**bona** *(oku)bona* v.tr. *boine* (a) to see • *Leero timmuboineku.* I have not seen him today. (b) to find, to locate • *Naani yamboneire ensone yange?* Who found my knife? (c) to understand, to realise, to grasp • *Okubona kye nkukoba?* Do you understand

what I am saying? (d) to ensure, to see to something, to make sure • *Bona nti abagenyi bafunire ekyakulya.* Ensure that the visitors get food. (e) to visit, to meet• *Omukwenda yaizire n'atubonaku.* The member of parliament visited us.

**bonaabona** *(oku)bonaabona* v.intr. *boineboine* to suffer • *Okwiza kubonaabona muno kubba towuuliirya.* You will suffer a lot because you do not listen to advice.

**boneera** *(oku)boneera* v.intr. *boneire* to refrain • *Omwana oyo mukubba buliizo baitu taboneera.* I beat that child every day, but he never refrains from making the same mistake.

**boneka** *(oku)boneka* v.intr. *bonekere* (a) to look, to look like, to have the appearance of • *Omusyetete guboneka kusai.* A mousebird looks pretty. (b) to be found, to be located, to appear• *Ombuli wange yabonekere.* My goat was found. (c) to ensure, to see to it • *Boneka nga okwekalangula.* Make sure you work very hard. (d) (of the King, the Moon) to appear before people • *Omukama abonekereku egiri abantu.* The King has appeared before his people.

**bonera** *(oku)bonera* v.tr. *boneire* to arrange a marriage of, to marry off • *Nkuboneire omutaani wa Musiita.* I have arranged your marriage with Musiita's son.

**bonereza** *(oku)bonereza* v.tr. *bonereize* to punish • *Ka nyabe mbonereze*

*abaibbi bani.* Let me go and punish these thieves.

**bonyaabonya** *(oku)bonyaabonya* v.tr. *boinyeboinye* to mistreat, to treat badly, to ill-treat • *Leka kubonyaabonya bantu.* Stop mistreating the people.

**boobeerya** *(oku)boobeerya* v.intr. *boobeirye* to cook thoroughly for a long time • *Amatooke bagaboobeire ni gagonda muno.* The matoke has been cooked thoroughly for a long time and it is now very soft.

**boodabooda** *(e)boodabooda* n.9/10 bodaboda (motorcycle taxi) • *Owa boodabooda yaitirigaine epikipiki.* The bodaboda driver lost control.

**booga** *(oku)booga* v.intr. *boogere* to be full to the brim, to be flooded • *Oikendi yatoonyere etanka n'ebooga.* It rained and the tank was full to the brim.

**boolya** *(oku)boolya* v.tr. *boirye* to cultivate, to farm • *Okuliga oku Lwakasatu abbaire akuboolya mpawo.* He has been farming there since Wednesday.

**boona** [see *ona*]

**boorya** *(oku)boorya* v.tr. *boirye* to face with determination • *Omukali oyo aboorya obuzibu gonze butyai.* That woman faces anything difficult with determination.

**borooga** *(oku)borooga* v.intr. *boroogere* to groan, to moan, to whimper • *Ongabi baamusumitire n'aborooga.* The bushbuck was pierced and groaned.

**boya** *(oku)boya* v.intr. *boyere* (of a dead body) to smell • *Orufa ni balwawo okumuziika aboya.* The dead body smells if they go a long time without burying it.

**bu-** pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 14 on verbs

**buba** *(oku)buba* v.tr. *bubire* to be possessive of• *Omusaiza oyo abubira muno omukali waamwe.* That man is so possessive of his wife.

**bubaziro** *(o)bubaziro* n.14 freedom of speech • *Weebale okutuweerya obubaziro.* Thank you for giving us freedom of speech.

**bubbuwe** [see *bubbwe*]

**bubbwe** *(o)bubbwe* n.14 imprisonment, captivity • *Obubbwe wabumaaremu emyaka imekai?* How long was your imprisonment?

**bubeyegi** *(o)bubeyegi* n.14 lie, deception, untruth • *Obubeyegi muze gubbi.* Lying is a bad habit.

**bubudamu** *(o)bubudamu* n.14 refuge, asylum, sanctuary • *Abasudani bafunire obubudamu omu Uganda.* The Sudanese have asylum in Uganda.

**bubyale** *(o)bubyale* n.14 (a) origin, nature • *Omwikirwaku obubyale bwamwe bwa Kidera.* The prime minister's origin is in Kidera. (b) innate feature, innate property • *Okusimoola olulimi kubba ku bubyale.* Speaking a language is innate.

**bubyaliranwa** *(o)bubyaliranwa* n.14 hereditary trait, tradition (culture associated with place of birth) • *Akaita*

## bubyaro

*mere yaiswe ya bubyaliranwa.* Millet meal is our indigenous food.

**bubyaro** *(o)bubyaro* n.14 place of birth • *Obubyaro bwamu bwayi?* What is your place of birth?

**bucanagandi** *(o)bucanagandi* n.14 (a) daily happening • *Obwire bucanagandi.* Each day comes with something new. (b) name given to a child born when there is a special happening in a family • *OBucanagandi niye mwana abyaliibwe nga waliwo amawuuro agayaaka.* Bucanagandi is a name given to a child who is born when there is a special happening in a family.

**bucanga** conj. ever since • *Bucanga aiza, oikendi tagwanga.* It has not rained ever since he came.

**buculeeri** *(o)buculeeri* n.14 calmness, stability, tranquillity, peace • *Guni omulundi ogukusooka tuta n'obuculeeri omu Kampala.* For the first time, there is calmness in Kampala.

**bucungule** *(o)bucungule* n.14 independence, liberation • *Uganda yatungire obucungule nga ebiro bya kwezi 9-10-1962.* Uganda got its independence on the 9th of October 1962.

**bucunguli** [see *bwecunguzi*]

**bucuunyi** *(o)bucuunyi* n.14 taste, flavour • *Obucuunyi bwa mukubi guni busai.* The taste of this sauce is nice.

**bucwa** *(o)bucwa* n.14 poison • *Obucwa bwe bamuweereire omu mere nibwo bwamulwalisirye.* The poison that was put in his food is what made

him sick.

**budama** *(oku)budama* v.intr. *budamire* to take refuge, to take shelter, to find refuge • *Mwize mubudame e wange.* Come and take refuge in my house.

**budi** adv. last time, in the past, previously • *Budi niyayizire ani yaali mudooli.* He was still little last time he was here.

**budiiru** *(o)budiiru* n.14 meanness • *Obudiiru bulemesya omuntu okukulaakulana.* Meanness prevents a person from development.

**budoma** *(o)budoma* n.14 foolishness, silliness, stupidity • *Obudoma buni yabugwetere ayi?* Where from did he inherit this foolishness?

**budomoki** *(o)budomoki* n.14 leakage • *Obudomoki bwa kidomola buzwire ku kiki?* What caused the leakage of the jerry can?

**budooli** *(o)budooli* n.14 smallness, small size • *Obudooli bwa muntu ti bulwaire.* Smallness of a person is not a disease.

**Buduuli** *(o)Buduuli* n.14 Buruuli land • *OBuduuli bukuurwa Isabaruuli.* Buruuli is headed by Isabaruuli.

**budyabudya** *(oku)budyabudya* v.tr. *budyabudirye* to fool, to mislead, to deceive, to trick • *Oyo akubudyabudyambe bantu.* That one is just misleading people.

**bufugi** *(o)bufugi* n.14 reign, rule • *Obufugi bwa matwale bwatwakairye kubbi.* The colonial rule badly oppressed us.

## bufuki

**bufuki** *(o)bufuki* n.14 (a) coldness • *Obufuki bujundisya ensigo.* Coldness causes the seeds to rot. (b) winter • *Obwire bwa bufuki abajungu bafuruka ewaabwe.* During winter Europeans leave their countries.

**bufumbo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bufumbo* n.14 marriage • *Omukali anobere omu bufumbo bwamwe.* The woman has abandoned her marriage.

**bufumbo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bufumbo* n.14 spear grass (*Heteropogon contortus*) • *Mwabe musale obufumbo tukole omufaliso.* Go and cut the spear grass flower and we will make a mattress.

**bufumu** *(o)bufumu* n.14 herbal or traditional healing profession • *Obufumu bwamu obukoora ayi?* Where do you practice your medical profession?

**bufundi** *(o)bufundi* n.14 summary, synopsis • *Wandiika orubazo mu bufundi.* Write your speech as a summary.

**bufuru** *(o)bufuru* n.14 silverfish • *ORuth yasumbire bufuru eizo.* Ruth cooked silverfish yesterday.

**bufuzi** [see *bufugi*]

**bugaabugana** *(oku)bugaabugana* v.intr. *bugaabugaine* (of food) to show signs of readiness during cooking • *Emere ebugaabugaine omuuro.* The food is about to be ready.

**bugagi** *(o)bugagi* n.14 slime • *Emere eriku obugagu.* The food has slime on it.

**bugaiga** *(o)bugaiga* n.14 wealth, riches • *Obugaiga bwa bantu buzwa*

*mu kukola muno.* People's wealth comes from working hard.

**bugaite**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bugaite* n.14 sum • *Obugaite bwa namba zini buli ikumi.* The sum of these numbers is ten.

**bugaite**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bugaite* n.14 holy matrimony (a phrase used by Christians to describe marriage), Christian wedding • *Obugaite bwabwe bwakoleire Nakasongola.* Their Christian wedding was held in Nakasongola.

**bugaitiki** *(o)bugaitiki* n.14 mixture • *Obugaitiki bwa bwita n'omuwogo bukuwooma muno.* The mixture of millet and cassava is delicious.

**bugaitiro** *(o)bugaitiro* n.14 joinery (woodworking) • *Gumya obugaitiro bwa meeza yange.* Strengthen the joinery of my table.

**Buganda** *(o)Buganda* n.14 Buganda kingdom • *OBuganda bulemwa Kabaka.* Buganda is ruled by a king.

**buganga** *(o)buganga* n.14 gunpowder, charge of gunpowder • *Abaana bakoore obuganga.* The children have produced gunpowder.

**bugangali** *(o)bugangali* n.14 drunkenness, intoxication • *Obugangali busiisire Abanyala.* Drunkenness has ruined the Banyala.

**buganyire** *(o)buganyire* n.14 forgiveness • *Obuganyire bw'ofunire butwale nga bwa nsonga.* Take seriously the forgiveness you received.

**buganyirizi** [see *buganyizi*]

**buganyizi** *(o)buganyizi* n.14 mercy **buganyuro** *(o)buganyuro* n.14 (a) beer brought when collecting the

bride • *Abakwe batuleeteire obuganyuro bwingi.* The in-laws brought enough beer. (b) benefit, advantage, reward • *Omulumu gw'enkoore tinfuniremu buganyuro.* I have not got any benefit from the job I have done. **buganzi** *(o)buganzi* n.14 love, favour, favouritism, benevolence, backing • *Olwa buganzi bwalina ewa manegya yakulisiibwe.* It was thanks to the manager's favour that he got the promotion.

**bugaraali** *(o)bugaraali* n.14 leisure, free time, spare time, time off, recreation • *Ebiro bini abantu bakumaaranga obwire bwingi mu bugaraali.* These days people spend a lot of time enjoying leisure.

**bugarai** *(o)bugarai* n.14 laziness, lack of effort, idleness • *Weenate obugarai bwakulemeiremu.* You too have failed to get over your laziness. **bugarambi** *(o)bugarambi* n.14 sloppiness, carelessness, excessive casualness • *Obugarambi omu biro bini bubbi.* Sloppiness these days is dangerous.

**bugayaavu** *(o)bugayaavu* n.14 laziness, lack of effort, idleness • *Obuyagaavu muze gubbi.* Laziness is a bad habit.

**bugenyi** *(o)bugeni* n.14 (a) visit • *Ayabire ku bugenyi.* He has gone on a visit. (b) feast, meal • *Bamusumbiire obugenyi bwingi.* He was treated to lots of meals and drinks. (c) party, wedding • *Batugabwire omwenge gwingi ku bugenyi bwa*

*Grace.* We were served with lots of beer at Grace's party. (d) **bugenyi (o)bwakwakalwaku** Passover (Jewish festival) • *Buli mwaka wabbaawo obugenyi obwakwakalwaku.* Every year there is a Passover.

**bugobya** *(o)bugobya* n.14 (a) treachery, deception • *Obugobya bwamwe bwankereserye.* I hate his treachery. (b) untrustworthiness • *Obugobya bwamulemeserye okwebbembera abantu.* He failed to lead the people because of his untrustworthiness.

**bugole** *(o)bugole* n.14 wedding • *Obugole bwa mwara bwabbaire Kampala.* Her daughter's wedding was held in Kampala.

**bugolo** *(o)bugolo* n.14 snuff which is sniffed or inhaled • *OMbatiina akunuusa bugolo.* Mbatiina is inhaling the herbal medicine.

**bugolola** *(o)bugolola* n.14 *Solanum aethiopicum* (bitter tomato, Ethiopian eggplant or nakati) • *Ntaka okulya obugolola.* I love eating the leaves of *Solanum aethiopicum*.

**bugondo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bugondo* n.14 blackand-white spotted cow • *Onte odi bugondo.* That cow is black-and-white spotted.

**bugondo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bugondo* n.14 eastern wind • *Bugondo azwa mu Busoga.* The eastern wind comes from Busoga.

**bugondu** *(o)bugondu* n.14 obedience, conformity • *Obugondu ngeso yaiswe.* Obedience is our virtue.

**bugongeri** *(o)bugongeri* n.14 anger

• *Nkwesengereirye obugongeri bukuzwemu.* I am kindly requesting you to let go of that anger.

**bugugune** *(o)bugugune* n.14 tooth marks • *Mutalya mere eyo eriku obugugune bwa mese.* Do not eat that food, it has a rat's tooth marks.

**buguli** *(o)buguli* n.14 transaction • *Obuguli bwamwe bwalemere.* His transaction failed.

**buguma** *(o)buguma* n.1a/10 she-goat or hen that has produced offsprings • *Ngulisyayo obuguma wa mbuli oyo.* Sell that she-goat to me.

**buguminkiriza** *(o)buguminkiriza* n.14 patience, endurance • *Opurezidenti yatendere abasagiki baamwe olwa buguminkiriza.* The president acclaimed his supporters for being patient.

**bugumu** *(o)bugumu* n.14 (a) strength, firmness • *Obugumu bwa lukobba tinkubukakasa.* I doubt the strength of this strap. (b) boldness, confidence • *Omusaiza oyo alangire obugumu bwa mwoyo.* That man has demonstrated boldness.

**buguuda** *(o)buguuda* n.14 wealth, riches • *Obuguuda bwa Museveni buli Kisozi.* Museveni's wealth is at Kisozi.

**buguutana** *(oku)buguutana* v.intr. *buguutaine* to do things hurriedly, to rush, to act with great haste, to panic • *Lwaki obuguutana muno?* Why are you doing things hurriedly?

**bugwagwa** *(o)bugwagwa* n.14 foolishness, stupidity • *Obwo obugwa-* *gwa bukiikirye.* This is a high degree of foolishness.

**bugwagwani** *(o)bugwagwani* n.14 (a) flatness, state of being level• *Fuba okubona nga olubuga luli ku bugwagwani nibwo bumwe.* Ensure that the compound has the same level. (b) calmness, serenity, tranquillity • *Nyendya obugwagwani bwamwe.* I admire his calmness.

**bugwaisana** *(o)bugwaisana* n.14 west • *Ankore tumusanga bugwaisana.* Ankore is found in the west.

**bugwera** *(o)bugwera* n.14 deputyship • *Obugwera bwa muwandiiki omukulu buweireku.* The deputyship of the secretary general has come to an end.

**bugwete** *(o)bugwete* n.14 inheritance • *Omugwetwa bamujwekere ekifundukwa eky'obugwete.* The heir has been adorned in his official garment of inheritance.

**bugwetwa** *(o)bugwetwa* n.14 succession • *Obugwetwa bwa Nkurunziza ti butuufu.* The succession of Nkurunziza is not lawful.

**bujanjabi** *(o)bujanjabi* n.14 treatment, medical care, medication • *Tiyafunire bujanjabi bwona bwona.* He did not receive any treatment.

**bujeemu** *(o)bujeemu* n.14 insubordination • *Obujeemu bumulemeserye okusoma.* The insubordination has led to his failure to study.

**bujereberi** *(o)bujereberi* n.14 softness • *Obujereberi bwa itakali lini bulina obuzibu.* The softness of this soil

has a problem.

**bujunaane** *(o)bujunaane* n.14 accusation • *Omu biro ebyakaire, abantu aba njawulo bamuteireku obujunaane.* In the past few weeks different people have brought several accusations against him.

**bujunaanizibwa** *(o)bujunaanizibwa* n.14 responsibility • *Obujunaanizibwa bwamwe omu isomero eryo bukulu muno.* His responsibility in that school is vital.

**bujunaanwa** *(o)bujunaanwa* n.14 accusation • *Obujunaanwa bwamwe bukusigikira ku kiki?* What is the source of his accusation?

**bujune** *(o)bujune* n.14 state of suffering, oppression • *Twikaire ku bujune.* We are experiencing oppression.

**bujuni** *(o)bujuni* n.14 (a) help • *Mubendeeremu kadooli obujuni bukwiza.* Wait a little longer, help is coming. (b) salvation

**bujunwa** *(o)bujunwa* n.14 salvation • *Obujuni bwizwa eji Kanca.* Salvation comes from God.

**bujura** *(o)bujura* n.14 drizzle, fine rain, light shower • *Obujura bututambire ocuucu.* The drizzle has saved us from the dust.

**bujuumuke** adv. upside down, in disarray, in a mess • *Ekikopo kijuumuke.* Turn the cup upside down.

**bujuurwa** *(o)bujuurwa* n.14 (a) testimony (in a church) • *Abalokole baweerya muno obujuurwa omu kanisa.* The born-again Christians often give testimonies in church. (b) testimony (in courts of law), evidence • *Baamubbwere nga ndoowo bujuurwa.* He was imprisoned without any evidence. (c) being a God-parent • *Obujuurwa bwa biro bini bumbura makuru.* Being a godparent does not make any sense anymore.

**bukaire** *(o)bukaire* n.14 old age • *Obukaire bwamwigaire amaiso.* It is old age that made him blind.

**bukakafu** *(o)bukakafu* n.14 proof, evidence, verification, authentication • *Langa obukakafu nkwiriirye esimu yaamu.* Show me the proof and I will return your phone.

**bukakati** *(o)bukakati* n.14 (a) strength, power, influence • *Egavumenti yaanywe yafunire obukakati.* Your government gained strength. (b) firmness • *Obukakati bwamwe bwa mujunire.* His firmness helped him a lot. (c) proof, evidence, corroboration • *Epoliisi tiyafunire bukakati bwona oku mujunaanwa.* The police failed to find any proof against the suspect.

**bukake** *(o)bukake* n.14 duress, pressure • *Abakoli ba Uganda bakoora mu bukake.* Workers in Uganda work under duress.

**bukali** *(o)bukali* n.14 vagina, private parts of a woman • *Omwana ekisaale kyamusumutire mu bukali.* A piece of tree pierced the child in her private parts.

**bukama** *(o)bukama* n.14 (a) power, authority • *Naani eyakuwaire obukama?* Who gave you the power? (b)

leadership, guidance, direction, management • *Obukama bwa Amin bwali busai.* Amin's leadership was good. (c) kingdom • *Obukama bwa Bunyala buta n'omukama.* The kingdom of Bunyala has a king. (d) **Bukama bwa Babiito** the Biito dynasty • *Obukama bwa Babiito bwalikire irai.* The Biito dynasty collapsed a long time ago. (e) **Bukama bwa Kooki** one of Buganda's counties with a semiautonomous status

**bukerwa** *(o)bukerwa* n.14 tiredness, exhaustion • *Obukerwa bukwendya kutwita.* We are about to drop dead because of exhaustion.

**bukiika** *(o)bukiika* n.14 width, broadness, breadth • *Obukiika bwa ntebe buliku sentimiita zingai?* How many centimetres is the width of this chair?

**bukiiki** *(o)bukiiki* n.14 (a) multitude, mass, abundance • *Obukiiki bwa bantu omu tawuni buleetere ocuucu.* The multitude of people in town has brought dust. (b) **bukiiki bwa miwendo** skyrocketing inflation • *Obukiiki bwa miwendo buzwire ku kiki?* What has caused the skyrocketing inflation?

**bukiikikiiki** *(o)bukiikikiiki* n.14 supremacy, dominance • *Obukiikikiiki bwa Uganda bukwiza kuwaawo nibatakange kwewola mabanza okuzwa mu bagabi ba bujuni.* Uganda's supremacy will vanish if they do not stop accumulating debts from foreign donors.

**bukiiniiko** *(o)bukiiniiko* n.14 top hardened layer of food not suitable for eating • *Toolaku obukiiniiko oku kawunga obuweerye emberege.* Scrape off the top layer and give it to the pigs.

**bukira** *(o)bukira* n.14 opposite side (mostly of a road) • *Eiduuka liri bukira nzira.* The shop is across the road. **bukoi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bukoi* n.14 in-law's home • *Ayabire oku bukoi.* He has gone to his in-laws' home.

**bukoi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bukoi* n.14 nervous disorder • *Omukali yalwaire obukoi.* The woman is suffering from a nervous disorder.

**bukoni** *(o)bukoni* n.14 *Euphorbia tirucalli* (aveloz)

**bukono** *(o)bukono* n.14 wheel handle (of a bicycle) • *Egaali yange eyendekere obukono.* The wheel handles of my bicycle are broken.

**bukosefu** adv. <from Lug.> often ill or generally in poor health, sickly • *Nkuura obukosefu.* I feel sick.

**bukowe** *(o)bukowe* n.14 eyelashes • *Ebiro bini abantu bazwala obukowe obukoleerye.* These days people wear artificial eyelashes.

**bukugu** *(o)bukugu* n.14 experience, expertise, skills • *Oyinginiya wa disitulikiti talina bukugu bukumala.* The district engineer is a novice.

**bukulu** *(o)bukulu* n.14 old age, seniority • *Obukulu buleeta okuwiisa.* Old age makes one senile.

**bukuni** *(o)bukuni* n.14 cleanness, hygiene, sanitation • *Obukuni butangi-* *ra endwaire.* Cleanliness prevents diseases.

**bukupya** *(o)bukupya* n.14 dishonesty, corruption, fraud • *Omuworonko nigwo guligireku obukupya obwakaliriirye omu Uganda.* Greed has been the cause of the high corruption in Uganda.

**bukurupya** *(o)bukurupya* n.14 treachery, disloyalty, unfaithfulness, infidelity • *Nka Abakulisitaayo tulina okugaana obukurupya.* As Christians we should desist from treachery.

**bukuumi** *(o)bukuumi* n.14 security, safety measures, safeguards • *Amasomero tigalina bukuumi.* Schools have no security.

**bukuuro** *(o)bukuuro* n.14 place of upbringing • *Obukuuro bwamu bwa ayi?* Where is the place of your upbringing?

**bukuuru** [see *bukuuro*]

**bukwenda** *(o)bukwenda* n.14 (a) message, news • *Obukwenda bwa Yesu eji bantu busai.* Jesus' message to the people is good. (b) leadership • *Ayakairemu oku bukwenda bwa paalamenti.* He has gone through as the member of parliament.

**bukwenyi** *(o)bukwenyi* n.14 (a) paleness • *Obukwenyi obwo buzwire ku kubutabba n'amaizi agakumala omu mubiri.* That paleness is a sign of dehydration. (b) fadedness• *Obukwenyi bwa lugoye buzwa ku kika kya langi.* The fadedness of the cloth depends on its colour.

**bukwi** [see also *lukwi*] *(o)bukwi* n.14 firewood

**bukya** conj. since, after • *Waakairewo ebiro bibiri bukya omwana awambibwa.* Two days have gone by since the child was kidnapped.

**bukyafu** *(o)bukyafu* n.14 dirt, filth • *Eisumbiro liizwire obukyafu.* The kitchen is full of dirt.

**bukyala** *(o)bukyala* n.14 (a) female private parts • *Ti kisai abaara okulanga obukyala.* It is not good for girls to expose their private parts. (b) womanhood, qualities considered to be characteristic of a woman • *Eneeyakalya yaamwe teranga bukyala.* Her character shows her womanhood.

**bukyali** adv. early • *Waita emere nga bukyali.* Peel the food while it is still early.

**bukya nga** conj. since, after, ever since • *Bukya nga ayaba tairanga.* Since he left, he has never returned. **bula** *(oku)bula* v.intr. *buure* (a) to be scarce, to be rare • *Empiiya zibuure ebiro bini.* Money is scarce these days. (b) to get lost, to lose one's way • *Lwe neekereire okwiza e Nakasongola nabuure.* I got lost the day I first came to Nakasongola. (c) to disappear • *Ebicu bibuure.* The clouds have disappeared. (d) (of a king) to die • *Omukama abuure.* The king has died. (lit. The king has disappeared.) **bulaame** *(o)bulaame* n.14 will • *Yafiire ng'akoore obulaame.* He died after he made a will.

**Bulaaya** *(o)Bulaaya* n.14 Europe, overseas • *Abakaliviini bazwa mu Bulaaya.* The Calvinists come from Europe.

**bulai** *(o)bulai* n.14 height, length • *Obulai bwamwe bwa fuuti imekai?* How many feet tall is he?

**bulaku** *(oku)bulaku* v.intr. *buureku* to be almost, to be nearly • *Ekikopo kikubulaku kadooli okwizula.* The cup is almost full.

**bulambiira** quant. whole • *Ekikaijo yakimpaire bulambiira.* He gave me a whole sugarcane.

**bulangana** *(oku)bulangana* v.intr. *bulangaine* to take long without seeing one another • *Tutwaire emyaka ikumi na ibiri nga tubulangaine.* We have spent twelve years without seeing each other.

**bulangi** *(o)bulangi* n.14 prophecy • *Obulangi bwa Yokaana bwaikiriire.* John's prophecy was fulfilled.

**bulebe** adv. somewhere • *Ayabire bulebe.* He has gone somewhere.

**buleebo** [see *bulembo*]

**buleegi** *(o)buleegi* n.14 hiked price • *Obuleegi bwa biyimba butulemeserye okubigula.* We cannot buy the beans because of the hiked prices.

**bulema** [see *bulemu*]

**bulembo** *(o)bulembo* n.14 (a) mould, slime mould • *Emere egagire ebbaaku obulembo.* Food which has gone bad has slime on it. (b) latex • *Emisaale egisinga obwingi gibbaamu obulembo.* Most of the trees have latex. **bulemeeri** *(o)bulemeeri* n.14 (a)

heaviness • *Obulemeeri bunyakaliriiryeku.* The heaviness is too much for me.

**bulemeezi** *(o)bulemeezi* n.14 (b) trouble, difficulty, problem • *Abanyala bali mu bulemeezi bwa kusitaka oku itakali lyabwe.* The Banyala are in trouble of becoming squatters on their own land.

**bulemi** *(o)bulemi* n.14 reign, rule • *Obulemi bwa Isabaruuli bwatandikire mu mwaka gwa 1999.* Isaabaruuli's reign began in 1999.

**bulemu** *(o)bulemu* n.14 (a) trouble, difficulty, problem, challenge • *Oli mu bulemu bwa kukwatibwa onamunywa.* You are in danger of being infected by HIV. (b) disability, handicap, impairment • *Obulemu obwo yabufuniire mu mutarabaine ogwagwirewo.* He got that disability due to the accident that happened.

**buli** pro. (a) every, each • *Buli muteeko gwa nyaanya gukugula enkumi itaanu eza siringi.* Each heap of tomatoes costs five thousand shillings. (b) **buli omwe(i)** everyone • *Ita buli omwei aize.* Call everyone to come. (c) **buli amwe(i)** everywhere • *Buli amwei waliyo woofiisi za MTN.* There is an MTN office everywhere. (d) **buli kimwe(i)** everything, all • *Buli kimwe kikula kusai omu Uganda.* Everything grows in Uganda. (e) **buli kaseera** every time, always • *Owabisanzire asekesya abantu buli kaseera.* A joker always makes people laugh. (f) **buli nca** always, every day • *Buli nca omwana ayaba oku isomero.* The child goes to school every day. (g) whenever, every time when • *Buli lwe nyiza ani nkwajaawo.* I find you here whenever I come by.

**bulibbiki** *(o)bulibbiki* n.14 defence (a football position) • *Omu mupiira azeenya kifo kya bulibbiki.* In football he plays as a defender.

**buligiranwa** *(o)buligiranwa* n.14 surname, family name, last name • *Eibara lyange erya buligiranwa ninje Namyalo.* My surname is Namyalo.

**Buliiro** *(o)Buliiro* n.1a name given to child whose mother uses the child as a bait to get riches

**buliisya** *(o)buliisya* n.14 animal husbundary • *Obuliisya bulumu eitungo.* Animal husbandry is a profitable business.

**buliizo** adv. every day, daily, usually, normally, habitually • *Buliizo anywa omwenge.* He usually drinks alcohol.

**bulimbo** *(o)bulimbo* n.14 (a) slime • *Ekiriŋaliŋa kikolesya obulimbo nka ekyakwekumisya.* A snail uses slime for protection. (b) **bulimbo bwa nzoki** beeswax • *Obulimbo bwa nzoki bwigaara olutanda lwa nsuwa.* Beeswax fills the crack on the pot.

**bulimi** [see *bulumi*<sup>1</sup> ]

**bulira** *(oku)bulira* v.tr. *buliire* to preach • *Ayabire kubulira kigambo kya Kanca.* He has gone to preach the word of God.

**buliriira** *(oku)buliriira* v.intr. *bulirii-*

*re* not to be seen for a long time • *Nk'obuliriire!* Long time no see!

**bulo** *(o)bulo* n.14 sleep • *Obulo bumubuure ebiro bini olwa ibbugumu.* He does not get sleep these days because it is too hot.

**bulogo** *(o)bulogo* n.14 witchcraft, sorcery • *Ediini yagaine obulugo.* Religion prohibited witchcraft.

**bulookoole** *(o)bbulookoole* n.14 danger • *Obulookoole obuli omu by'okukola buli nti waandifuna obutandwa obwa maani.* The danger of what you are doing is that you may be involved in a terrible accident.

**buluba** *(o)buluba* n.14 depth, deepest part of a water body • *Yaba e buluba otege encwi.* Go to the deep waters and fish.

**bulubunda** *(oku)bulubunda* v.intr. *bulubundire* (of an old person) to walk with a bent-over posture, to hunch forward • *Oite wange akubulubunda kubba mukaire muno.* My father walks hunched over because of old age.

**bulubundira** [see *bulubunda*]

**bululu** *(o)bululu* n.14 (a) bitterness, tartness • *Gunyweku owuure obululu bwagwo.* Drink it and taste its bitterness. (b) anger, disappointment, resentment, emotional bitterness • *Yafugiibwe muno obululu.* He was controlled by his bitterness.

**bulumi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bulumi* n.14 farming, agriculture • *Obulumi nigwo omulimu ogukulu omu Uganda.* Farming is the main economic activity in

# Uganda.

**bulumi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bulumi* n.14 pain, agony, ache • *Omwana alina obulumi bwingi.* The child is in a lot of pain.

**bulundu** *(o)bulundu* n.14 rash (an area of irritated or swollen skin) • *Obulundu bwamusukukiire oku lususu lwonalwona.* She has rash all over her body.

**bulunga** *(oku)bulunga* v.tr. *bulungire* (a) to soil, to make dirty (with soil) • *Yebulungire omu itakali.* He made himself dirty with the soil. (b) to soak (food into sauce)• *OSembatya akubulunga emere omu mukubi.* Sembatya is soaking the food in the sauce. (c) to make round, to give a round shape to • *Bulunga ogoloolo.* Form the soil into balls.

**bulungire** *(o)bulungire* n.14 poison • *Baamuteereire obulungire omu mere.* They put poison in the food.

**bulungu** *(o)bulungu* n.14 poison, venom • *Baamuteereire obulungu omu malwa.* They put poison in his finger millet brew.

**bulungula** *(oku)bulungula* v.tr. *bulungwire* (of items made from clay) to break, to spoil • *Lwaki okubulungula ebinaga byange bye mmaare okutonatona?* Why are you spoiling my pots that I have finished decorating?

**bulungutana** *(oku)bulungutana* v.intr. *bulungutaine* (a) to walk without clear direction, wander about • *Abbaire akubulungutanambe.* He has been walking without clear directions. (b) to be unsettled, to be in dilemma, to be disorganised • *Mbaire nkubulungutana okumala ewiiki ibiri emabega.* I have been unsettled for the last two weeks. (c) to speak without focus, to speak in a distracted manner • *OKizito amaite okubulungutana n'ebigambo.* Kizito speaks without focus.

**bulwa** [see *bula*]

**bulwaire** *(o)bulwaire* n.14 sickness, illness, disease, ailment, malady • *Mwirange obulwaire bukunduma muno ebiro bini.* My dear, I am very sick these days.

**bulya** *(oku)bulya* v.tr. *buurye* to cheat, to deceive, to trick • *Omusaiza oyo atamuwola akwiza kubulya esente zaamu.* Do not give that man a loan, he will cheat you of your money.

**bulyabulya** *(oku)bulyabulya* v.tr. *buuryebuurye* to confuse, to baffle • *Leka kumbulyabulya weena.* Stop confusing me.

**bulyaka** *(o)bulyaka* n.14 treachery, deceit, deception • *Obulyaka bwakaliriirye omu Kampala.* There is too much treachery in Kampala.

**bulyanyana** *(o)bulyanyana* n.14 type of grass used for making mats and roofs

**bulyo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bulyo* n.14 south • *South Africa eri mu bulyo bwa Africa.* South Africa is in the south of the African continent.

**bulyo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bulyo* n.14 wisdom • *Obulyo mpagi ya maani omu bwomi.* Wisdom is a key pillar in life.

**bumali** *(o)bumali* n.14 completion, fulfilment, finalisation, conclusion • *Obumali bwa mulumo busigikira ku bweikambi bwa bakoli.* The completion of the assignment depends on the commitment of the workers.

**bumaliiri** *(o)bumaliiri* n.14 boldness, confidence, courage • *Yasimoire na bumaliiri.* He spoke with boldness.

**bumamaali** *(o)bumamaali* n.14 life expectancy, longevity • *Obumamaali bwa bantu ba biro bini budooli.* The life expectancy of this generation is short.

**bumanye** *(o)bumanye* n.14 fame, popularity, prominence • *Obumanye bwa Kahwa bwatandikire mwaka ogwo.* Kahwa's fame began that year.

**bumanyi** *(o)bumanyi* n.14 experience • *Nta n'obumanyi omu kubaiza bwa myaka ikumi.* I have ten years of experience in carpentry.

**bumanyirivu** *(o)bumanyirivu* n.14 <from Lug.> experience • *Tindina bumanyirivu bwa kuvuga motoka.* I don't have experience in driving.

**bumanzi** [see also *buziga*] *(obumanzi)* n.14 bravery, courage

**bumba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)bumba* v.tr. *bumbire* to mould with clay • *Naani amaite okubumba ebinaga?* Who knows how to mould pots?

**bumba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)bumba* v.tr. *bumbire* to close (one's mouth), to shut • *Bumbaku omunwa.* Shut your mouth. **bumbata** *(oku)bumbata* v.tr. *bumba-* *tire* to hug, to embrace, to cuddle • *Omukali ataka muno okubumbata omwana waamwe.* The woman loves to hug her child very much.

**bumbatalisya** *(oku)bumbatalisya* v.tr. *bumbatalisirye* to silence • *Ataka muno okubumbatalisya abantu.* He likes to silence people.

**bumbiira** *(oku)bumbiira* v.tr. *bumbiriire* to repair (ceramics) by filling in with clay • *Naani yasobola okubumbiira ekinaga kini?* Who can mend this pot by filling it in with clay?

**bumige** [see *bumigiirye*]

**bumigiirye** *(o)bumigiirye* n.14 congestion, crowding, overcrowding • *Baitu lwaki tukutambuura omu bumigiirye?* But why do we have to walk in this congestion?

**bumoso** *(o)bumoso* n.14 the left, lefthand side • *Vuga ng'okwira bumoso.* Drive and take the lefthand side.

**bumpimpini** n.14 shortness • *Obumpimpini nk'obwo bubbi.* That kind of shortness is bad.

**bumpuuro** *(o)bumpuuro* n.14 disobedience, insubordination • *Obumpuuro bwamuleeteire obutugu.* Disobedience caused him serious problems.

**bumpwise** *(o)bumpwise* n.14 foolishness, stupidity • *Obumpwise bumukubbisirye oikendi.* Foolishness made him get wet in the rain.

**bumwei** *(o)bumwei* n.14 unity • *Mugumye obumwei obwo omu kibiina kyanywe.* Strengthen that unity in your association.

**buna** *(oku)buna* v.intr. *bunire* (a) to

suffice, to be enough • *Emere ebunire boonaboona.* The food was enough. (b) (of things or news) to circulate widely, to spread • *Enjiri ya Yesu ebunire woonawoona.* The gospel of Jesus has spread everywhere.

**bunabbi** *(o)bunabbi* n.14 <from Ar. via Sw.> prophecy, prediction, forecast, divination • *Obunabbi obwo bwa bubeyegi.* That prophecy is false.

**bunaki** *(o)bunaki* n.14 weakness, fragility, vulnerability • *Atulangire obunaki bwamwe.* He has revealed his weaknesses.

**buncumecume** *(o)buncumecume* n.14 popularity, fame • *Obuncumecume bwazwire ku kucungura itakali lya bantu.* His popularity came from liberating people's land.

**buncuukire** *(o)buncuukire* n.14 <from archaic> period of childhood after breastfeeding • *Obuncuukire bwa Edward bwaliwo kwa nzala.* In the period when Edward stopped breastfeeding, there was famine.

**bundaala** *(oku)bundaala* v.intr. *bundaire* (a) to sag, to slump, to sank, to go down • *Olukangaga lubundaire lukutaka kugwamu.* The sagging roof is threatening to collapse. (b) (of pet animals) to lie down showing loyalty, to prostrate oneself • *Ombwene abundaire egiri mukama waamwe.* The dog is prostrating itself before its master.

**bundama** *(oku)bundama* v.intr. *bundamire* (a) (of animals) to take cover

• *Onjangwa abundama nga akutyeka omese.* The cat takes cover while waiting for a rat. (b) to sink, to collapse • *Enyumba ya Karangwa ebundaime.* Karangwa's house has collapsed. (c) (of a person) to prostrate, to bow low, to throw oneself at someone's feet • *Kabaka wa Buganda bamubundaamira.* They prostrate themselves before the king of Buganda.

**bundeekya** *(oku)bundeekya* v.intr. *bundeekerye* to behave shyly, to be shy • *Bona omukali nakwebundeekya.* Look at the woman who is behaving shyly.

**bundi** adv. (a) too much, greatly • *Omukali waamu omuswaize bundi.* You have greatly humiliated your wife. (b) strange, odd, peculiar, bizarre, weird, atypical • *Akuboneka bundi.* She looks strange.

**bunduka** *(oku)bunduka* v.intr. *bundukire* to hang down, to point down (e.g. of breasts, hair) • *Amabeere ga mwala gabundukire.* The breasts of that girl have started pointing down. **bundula** *(oku)bundula* v.tr. *bundwire* to ooze discharges (from the vagina), to discharge • *Omukali akubundula eisagama.* The woman is discharging blood.

**bunenenene** *(o)bunenenene* n.14 tooth marks • *Ekiyaata kiriku obunenenene bwa mese.* There are rat's tooth marks on the sweet potato.

**bunga** *(oku)bunga* v.intr. *bungire* to roam, to walk aimlessly, to move about aimlessly • *Omwana oyo abunga muno.* That child roams aimlessly a lot.

**bungeeta** *(oku)bungeeta* v.intr. *bugeetere* to roam, to walk aimlessly, to move about aimlessly • *Omukali oyo akubungeetambe.* That woman is just walking aimlessly.

**bungeetya** *(oku)bungeetya* v.tr. *bungeeterye* to spread (false information) • *Lwaki obungeetya olukoboi.* Why are you spreading false rumours?

**Bungereza** *(o)Bungereza* n.14 England • *Okwini wa Bungereza akairikire.* The queen of England is very old.

**buni** [see *ni*]

**bunia** *(oku)bunia* v.tr. *bunirye* to spread, to disseminate, to circulate, to communicate, to make public • *Abeegesya bakubunia enjiri ya Yesu.* The apostles are spreading the gospel of Jesus.

**buniiniro** *(o)buniiniro* n.14 ladder • *N'obba okutaka okuniina omusaale ogulai, kitaka buniiniro.* You need a ladder if you want to climb a tall tree. **bunira** *(oku)bunira* v.intr. *buniire* to keep quiet • *Bunira kubba by'okubaza ndoomu.* Keep quiet because you are talking nonsense.

**bunja** *(oku)bunja* v.tr. *bunjirye* to sell, to hawk • *Bunja omaido otungemu empiiya.* Sell groundnuts and get money from it.

**bunkenke** *(o)bunkenke* n.14 tension, anxiety, pressure, worry • *Abatemu*

*abakwita abakali batutaire oku bunkenke.* The killers who are killing women have caused us anxiety.

**bunsuswe** *(o)bunsuswe* n.14 tension, anxiety, pressure, worry • *Tuli ku bunsuswe ndoowo buculeeri.* We are anxious, there is no tranquillity.

**buntu** *(o)buntu* n.14 humanness, humanity • *Abantu baweiremu obuntu.* People have lost their humanity.

**bunuli** [see also *bunuliiri*] *(o)bunuli* n.14 sweetness • *Kombaku owuure obunuli.* Taste it and feel the sweetness.

**bunuliiri** [see also *bunuli*] *(o)bunuliiri* n.14 sweetness • *Obunuliiri bwa juuru businga obwa sukaali.* The sweetness of honey is stronger than sugar.

**bunuliirya** [see *bunuliiri*]

**bunulinuli** *(o)bunulinuli* n.14 semisweetness, half-sweetness

**bunyage** *(o)bunyage* n.14 (a) slavery, oppression, bondage • *OYesu yatutoire omu bunyage.* Jesus saved us from oppression. (b) exile • *Abanayuganda baingi abali omu bunyage.* There are many Ugandans who are in exile.

**bunyagi** *(o)bunyagi* n.14 robbery, burglary, theft • *Obunyagi omu Uganda bwakaliriirye.* Robbery in Uganda is out of control.

**bunyakuli** *(o)bunyakuli* n.14 robbery, burglary, theft • *Lwaki omu Kampala mulimu obunyakuli bwingi?* Why is there a lot of theft in Kampala?

**Bunyala** *(o)Bunyala* n.14 Bunyala kingdom • *Ibbango ibara lya mukama wa Bunyala.* Ibbango is a name given to the king of Bunyala.

**bunyiriri** *(o)bunyiriri* n.14 smartness, intelligence • *Obunyiriri bwa mukali oyo bwamusiimisirye omusaiza.* Her intelligence attracted the man.

**bunyoomi** *(o)bunyoomi* n.14 contempt, disrespect • *Omusaiza oyo ayakaliriirye obunyoomi.* That man is exceedingly disrespectful.

**Bunyoro** *(o)Bunyoro* n.14 Bunyoro Kingdom • *Omugabe kityoni kya mukama wa Bunyoro.* Omugabe is the title given to the King of the Bunyoro kingdom.

**bunyota** *(o)bunyota* n.14 hot ash • *Tujumbuka omuwogo omu bunyota asobole okuya.* We cover cassava with hot ash so that it cooks.

**bunywa** *(o)bunywa* n. smoking • *Abawulunkaini beyongeire obwingi olwa bunywi bwa njaaye.* There is an increased number of mentally disturbed people because of smoking marijuana.

**bunywero** *(o)bunywero* n.14 (a) relief, solace • *Ati ni mmaare okusasula ebisale bya baana ndina obunywero.* Now that I have finished paying school fees, I have some relief. (b) **bunywero bwa maizi** break, rest, breathing space • *Mbanga n'emirumo gingi baitu ati nfunireku obunywero bwa maizi.* I have been working hard but now I have some breathing space.

**bupelunki** *(o)bupelunki* n.14 paleness, colourlessness, bloodlessness • *Obupelunki bwamwe bulanga bulwaire.* His paleness indicates sickness.

**burabuza** *(oku)burabuza* v.tr. *burabwize, burabuzire* to confuse, to bewilder, to puzzle • *Lekerawo okuburabuza abantu.* Stop confusing people. **burangurwa** *(o)burangurwa* n.14 trachoma • *Oburangurwa bulwaire bwa maiso.* Trachoma is a disease that infects eyes.

**burofu** *(o)burofu* n.14 dirt, filth • *Oburofu bwakaliriirye omu kibuga.* There is too much filth in the city.

**buruguza** [see also *iruguza*] *(o)buruguza* n.14 sub-county • *Oburuguza bwa Wabinyonyi nibwo businga obukooto omu disitulikiti.* Wabinyonyi sub-county is the largest in the district.

**burukuule** *(o)burukuule* n.14 danger, risk, hazard • *Otatuleetera ani burukuule.* Don't cause any danger for us here.

**burungu** *(o)burungu* n.14 venom • *Oburungu bwa ncwera bubbi.* The venom of a cobra is deadly.

**Buruuli** *(o)Buruuli* n.14 Buruuli Kingdom • *Omulemi wa Bukama bwa Buruuli niye Isabaruuli.* The ruler of the Kingdom of Buruuli is the Isabaruuli.

**busaabadikoni** *(o)busaabadikoni* n.14 archdeaconry • *OSaabadikoni niye akuura obusaabadikoni.* The archdeacon is the head of the archdeaconry.

**busaanyiro** *(o)busaanyiro* n.14 swimming pool • *Bayabire ku busaanyiro kusaanya.* They have gone to the swimming pool to swim.

**busagaruki** [see also *busanyuki and busemeeri*] *(o)busagaruki* n.14 happiness, joy • *Abanyala baizwire obusagaruki nga obukama bwabwe bwiriibwe.* The Banyala were filled with happiness when their kingdom was restored.

**busagiki** *(o)busagiki* n.14 support • *Nkubasaba mumpeerye obusagiki oku mbaga yange.* I kindly ask you to support my wedding.

**busagwa** [see also *burungu*] *(o)busagwa* n.14 venom, poison • *Embalasaasa zibba n'obusagwa bwingi.* Mbalasaasa lizards are very poisonous.

**bisai** [see also *busai*] *(e)bisai* n.8 cow dung • *Ayemere omu bisai bya nte.* He has stepped into cow dung.

**busai**<sup>1</sup> [see also *bisai*] *(o)busai* n.14 cow dung • *Kuuba obusai obwo oku kisiika.* Smear the cow dung on the wall.

**busai**<sup>2</sup> *(o)busai* n.14 beauty, prettiness, attractiveness • *Obusai bwamwe bwewuunyisya.* Her beauty is astonishing.

**busaiza** *(o)busaiza* n.14 (a) penis, male sex organ • *Omusaiza alwaire ekizimba oku busaiza.* The man got a sore on his penis. (b) manhood, masculinity, man's responsibility • *Omusaiza oteekwa okulanga obusaiza omu bantu nga okukola emirumu egya maani.* A man must show his masculinity in society by doing heavy work.

**busando** *(o)busando* n.14 sap • *Obusando bwa fene bukwatira.* The sap in the jackfruit is sticky.

**busanyuki** [see also *busemeeri and busagaruki*] *(o)busanyuki* n.14 happiness, joy • *Otasiisa busanyuki bwange.* Don't ruin my happiness.

**busatu** *(o)busatu* n.14 the trinity • *Obusatu bwa Kanca bulomu oItewaiswe n'oMwana n'oMwoyo akwera.* The Holy Trinity is made of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.

**busawo** [see *busawu*]

**busawu** *(o)busawu* n.14 medical profession, medicine • *Omwala wange yasomere busawu.* My daughter studied medicine.

**buseege** *(o)buseegi* n.14 poverty, destitution • *Mukole muno muzwe omu buseege.* Work hard and escape poverty.

**buseegi** [see *buseege*]

**buseere** [see *busyere*]

**buseke** *(o)buseke* n.14 straw • *Obuseke mububikire mu kirengerenge.* Keep the straws in the straw container.

**busemeeri** [see also *busagaruki and busanyuki*] *(o)busemeeri* n.14 happiness, joy • *Baizwire obusemeeri oma waabwe ni yayire.* They were filled with happiness when their mother returned.

**busengi** *(o)busengi* n.14 residence, occupation, tenancy, residency, living • *Obusengi bwamwe tibuli mu mateeka.* Your residence is illegal.

**busera** *(o)busera* n.14 millet porridge • *Obusera mere ya kiriisa muno.* Millet porridge is a very nutritious food. **buseri** *(o)buseri* n.14 cannibalism, night dancing (UgE)• *Omuze gwa buseri gubbi.* Cannibalism is a bad practice.

**busibe** *(o)busibe* n.14 imprisonment, incarceration, detainment • *Obusibe bwamwe baabwesigamirye ku bubeyegi.* His imprisonment was based on mere lies.

**busigazi** *(o)busigazi* n.14 teenage years • *Oikire omu mbeera ya busigazi.* You've reached your teenage years.

**busigire** [see also *bugwera*] *(o)busigire* n.14 deputyship • *Obusigire bwa wa igombolola baabuwaire Kato.* The deputyship of the sub-county was given to Kato.

**busigo** *(o)busigo* n.14 seeds, grains for planting • *Mutasumba obusigo bwange.* Don't cook my seeds.

**busiisikali** *(o)busiisikali* n.14 (a) damage, mechanical failure • *Obusiisikali bwa gaali yaamu tibusaayirikika.* The damage to that bicycle is beyond repair. (b) ill behaviour, bad manners • *Kizibu okutegeera obusiisikali bwa baana ba mulembe guni kwe buzwire.* It is difficult to understand the cause of ill behaviour among the children of this generation.

**busiiwunki** *(o)busiiwunki* n.14 colour fading • *Eisana eringi lisobola okuleeta obusiiwunki.* Too much sunshine can cause colour fading.

**busiiyani** *(o)busiiyani* n.14 adultery, infidelity, extramarital sex • *Omusaiza yayawukaine n'omukali waamwe lwa busiiyani.* The man separated from his wife because of adultery.

**busika** *(o)busika* n.14 inheritance, heritage • *Mwanawe gumya obusika bwebakukwatisirye.* Consolidate the inheritance that was bestowed on you.

**busimooro** *(o)busimooro* n.14 freedom of speech • *Abaruuli bafunireku obusimooro ebiro bini.* The Baruuli have some freedom of speech these days.

**busiraamu** *(o)busiraamu* n.14 Islam • *Obusiraamu omu Uganda budooli.* Islam is not widespread in Uganda.

**busire** *(o)busire* n.14 untidiness, messiness, disorder • *Obusire bwamu bwakaliriirye.* Your untidiness is excessive.

**busiriire** *(o)busiriire* n.14 smell of a burnt food (e.g. milk) • *Obusiriire bubulya omwoyo ogwa kulya.* The smell of burnt food can cause you to lose your appetite.

**busiriki** [see also *buwolu*] *(o)busiriki* n.14 reservedness, quietness, stillness • *Obusiriki bwamwe bubyale.* His quietness is hereditary.

**busirikiiri** *(o)busirikiiri* n.14 silence • *Obusirikiiri nka bwingi omu nyumba?* Why is there a lot of silence

# in the house?

**busiru** [see also *budoma*] *(o)busiru* n.14 stupidity, foolishness • *Obusiru bwamwe nibwo bwamukubbisirye omukali waamwe.* It was his stupidity that caused him to beat his wife. **busiyaani** *(o)busiyaani* n.14 sexual immorality • *Muzwe oku busiiyani enkomerero eri ampi okwika.* Stop sexual immorality, the end of the world is near.

**busoboli** *(o)busoboli* n.14 potential, capacity, ability • *Taalina busoboli bwa kwemeerawo.* He does not have the potential to stand for a political post.

**busoboroki** *(o)busoboroki* n.14 worthiness • *Obusoboroki bwamu nibwo bukumpeeserye omwala wange.* It is your worthiness that made me give you my daughter for marriage.

**Busoga** *(o)Busoga* n.14 Busoga kingdom • *OBusoga bulemwa Kyabazinga.* Busoga kingdom is ruled by Kyabazinga.

**busomesya** *(o)busomesya* n.14 teaching profession, education • *Omwana wange yasomere busomesya.* My child studied education.

**busongoli** *(o)busongoli* n.14 pointedness • *Yongeraku obusongoli bwa kisaale ekyo.* Sharpen the stick more. (lit. Add to the pointedness of the stick.)

**busoni**<sup>1</sup> *(o)busoni* n.14 in-laws' home • *Yayabire e busoni.* He went to his in-laws' home.

**busoni**<sup>2</sup> *(o)busoni* n.14 nudity, nakedness • *Abasigazi tibakyafaayo kusweka busoni bwabwe.* The youths hardly mind covering their nakedness.

**busoosi** *(o)busoosi* n.14 meconium, first faeces of a new-born infant • *Obusoosi bwa nkeremba buwunya kubbi.* The first faeces of a newborn smell bad.

**busorooli** *(o)busorooli* n.14 (a) collection, group, assemblage • *Obusorooli bwa bigambo bya kideero bwikire omutwalo gumwei.* The collection of the word list for Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary has now reached ten thousand words. (b) discrimination • *Mu Uganda abantu tibafaayo ku busorooli bwa kikula kya bantu.* In Uganda people do not care about gender-based discrimination.

**busula** *(oku)busula* v.intr. *buswire* (of an animal) to be about to (give birth), to be close to (giving birth) • *Onte wange abuswire ali ampi okubyala.* My cow is about to give birth. **busungu** *(o)busungu* n.14 anger, wrath, irritability, ill temper • *Lwaki olanga obusungu obwo omu bantu?* Why do you display such anger in public?

**busuubuli** *(o)busuubuli* n.14 trade • *Obusuubuli mbumaaremu emyaka mukaaga.* I have spent six years in trade.

**busuubuzi** *(o)busuubuzi* n.14 trade **busuuka** *(o)busuuka* n.14 asthma • *Obusuuka ndwaire giiti.* Asthma is a killer disease.

**busuulu** *(o)busuulu* n.14 ground rent • *Abaganda bataka obusuulu oku itakali lyabwe.* The Baganda demand ground rent on their land.

**busuume** [see also *kabbi*] *(o)busuume* n.14 trouble, danger, problem • *E Migyera waliyo obusuume toyabayo.* There is trouble at Migyera, do not go there.

**busuuti** *(e)busuuti* n.9/10 national dress of Baganda women

**buswandi** *(o)buswandi* n.14 fury, anger, rage • *Yaizire nga aliku obuswandi.* He came when he was in a rage.

**buswankuloswankulo** *(o)buswankuloswankulo* n.14 crumbs, food remains, bits of food • *Emere eweirewo wasigairewo buswankuloswankulo.* The food is gone. Only small bits are left.

**buswere** *(o)buswere* n.14 bride price, dowry • *Ni bamaare okutusaara obuswere nitwira eka.* We went home after they had determined the dowry. **busye** *(o)busye* n.14 millet flour • *Igeerya ani obusye leke myene akaita.* Bring the flour so that I can prepare the millet meal.

**busyera** *(o)busyera* n.14 millet porridge • *Munywe obusyera obwo bairange.* Eat that millet porridge please. **busyere** *(o)busyere* n.14 high cost, high price • *Engoye ezizwa Italy ziri ku busyere.* The clothes from Italy are expensive.

**busyeri** [see *busyere*]

**busyo** *(o)busyo* n.14 face • *Ni ya-*

*ndoore omu busyo n'agaduka n'alola edi.* He looked at my face and turned away.

**busyoli** [see also *buseri*] *(o)busyoli* n.14 night dancing • *Obusyoli nibwo bwamukubbisirye.* He was beaten for practicing night dancing.

**butaabutana** *(oku)butaabutana* v.intr. *butaabutaine* to be unsettled, to be undecided, to have a dilemma • *Yatundire eitakali lya oite waamwe atibuni akubutaabutana.* He sold his father's land, and he is now unsettled.

**butaakye** *(o)butaakye* n.14 <from Night dancing (Cultural note: Some Ugandans are believed to have the ability to ntransform themselves into beings that appear at night and float above the ground naked. Night dancing is associated with raising cadavers and cannibalism.)> very difficult night • *Iswe twasuure ku butaakye.* We had a very difficult night.

**butaala** adv. freely, without restriction • *Embuli zange zirya butaala.* My goats graze freely.

**butaaruke** *(o)butaaruke* n.14 exile • *Oiba amwe ali mu butaruuke.* Her husband is in exile.

**butaaruki** *(o)butaaruki* n.14 wandering, roaming • *Obutaaruuki muze gubbi.* Roaming about is a bad habit.

**butabanguki** *(o)butabanguki* n.14 instability, uncertainty, insecurity • *Naani yaleetere obutabanguki omu Uganda?* Who caused the instability in Uganda?

**butagati** *(o)butagati* n.14 warmth, heat • *Omulwaire mumusweke ebbulangiti afune obutagati.* Cover the patient so that he can get some warmth.

**butagirabumwei** *(o)butagirabumwei* n.14 disagreement, uncooperativeness • *Obutagirabumwei bwingi omu Makerere.* There are a lot of disagreements in Makerere.

**butaka** *(o)butaka* n.14 clan's headquarter • *Obutaka bwaiswe buli Kasambya.* Our clan's headquarters are at Kasambya.

**butaki** *(o)butaki* n.14 (a) need, want, necessity • *Tulina obutaki bwa maizi agasai omu Nakasongola.* We need clean water in Nakasongola. (b) love, deep affection, fondness • *Obutaki bwa mpiiya obwingi bwita.* Excessive love for money is deadly.

**butalagi** *(o)butalagi* n.14 rust, corrosion, oxidation • *Amaizi nigo galeeta obutalagi.* Water causes rust.

**butalibumwe** *(o)butalibumwe* n.14 disagreement, lack of cooperation, disunity, conflict • *Obutalibumwe bulemesya enkulaakulana omu bantu.* Disunity impedes development among people.

**butalike** *(o)butalike* n.14 space under a bed • *Eisumu lyange liri mu butalike.* My spear is under the bed.

**butalumu** *(o)butaalumu* n.14 nonsense • *Ebyo by'okusimoola bya butalumu.* What you are saying is nonsense.

**butamanya** *(o)butamanya* n.14 igno-

rance • *Ekyo yakikoleserye butamanya.* He did that out of ignorance.

**butambuli**[see also *busiyaani*]*(o)butambuli* n.14 adultery, infidelity • *Obutambuli muze gubbi omu bufumbo.* Infidelity is a bad practice in marriage.

**butambuuro** *(o)butambuuro* n.14 whereabouts, location, situation • *Titumaite butambuuro bwamwe.* We don't know his whereabouts.

**butamiire** *(o)butamiire* n.14 drunkenness, insobriety, alcoholism • *Onkereserye n'obutamiire bwamu.* I am fed up with your drunkenness.

**butandu** [see also *butandwa*] *(o)butandu* n.14 accident, mishap, misfortune, unfortunate incident • *Yamwitire mu butandu.* He killed her by accident.

**butandwa** [see also *butandu*] *(o)butandwa* n.14 accident, mishap, misfortune, unfortunate incident • *Kiki ekyazirweku obutandwa obwo?* What was the cause of that accident? **butangaaliiri** *(o)butangaaliiri* n.14 (a) transparency, openness, accountability • *Obutangaaliiri kintu kikulu omu bisinensi yaikumbe.* Transparency is an important factor in any joint business. (b) shock, psychological shock, acute stress reaction, state of confusion • *Omwibbi yamunyakwireku ensawu n'asigala mu butangaaliiri.* The thief stole her bag and she went into a state of shock.

**butanwa** adv. accidentally, by chance • *Mujungu mwiraamwe ni-* *ye yamulasire mu butanwa.* It was his fellow European who shot him accidentally.

**butasoma** *(o)butasoma* n.14 illiteracy • *Ekikugadya oisentebe waiswe butasoma.* It is illiteracy that is our chairman's problem.

**butayosa** [see *butoosa*]

**butebenkevu** [see also *buculeeri*] *(o)butebenkevu* n.14 stability • *Omu Uganda tulinaku obutebenkevu.* We have some stability in Uganda.

**buteeki** *(o)buteeki* n.14 composure, self-control, calmness • *Obuteeki bwa Byomere bwamuweserye obuwandiiki.* His composure made him qualify to be appointed as secretary. **buteesigwa** *(o)buteesigwa* n.14 lack of trust, mistrust, distrust • *Abantu bagaana okumuwola empiiya lwa buteesigwa.* People refuse to lend him money because of his lack of trust.

**butembeeyi** *(o)butembeeyi* n.14 hawking • *Omulumu gwange butembeeyi.* Hawking is my business.

**butemu** *(o)butemu* n.14 murder, homicide, assassination • *Obutemu bwa Kaweesi bwali bwa bumanyi muno.* Kaweesi's murder was highly professional.

**butendebeke** *(o)butendebeke* n.14 tension, anxiety, pressure, worry • *Tuli ku butendebeke titumaite byairiira.* We are anxious not knowing what will happen next.

**butengeera** *(o)butengeera* n.14 standing straight • *Yemeerambe butengeera.* Stand upright.

**butengeeri** adv. without support • *Ensuwa agyetiikire butengeeri.* He is carrying the water pot on his head without support.

**butengerera** adv. still, without moving • *Oyemeirere butengerera.* You are standing still.

**butengu** *(o)butengu* n.14 (a) torn clothes, torn garments, rags, tattered clothes • *Omukali azwaire butengu.* The woman is wearing rags. (b) disobedience • *Mwana wange, tobbanga na butengu.* My child, never be disobedient.

**butente** *(o)butente* n.14 stubbornness, pig-headedness, inflexibility • *Tinasobole butente bwa mwana oyo.* I can't stand that child's stubbornness.

**butereeri**<sup>1</sup> *(o)butereeri* n.14 straightness, undeviating shape • *Obutereeri bwa mwomo tibwangu awatali bbirigi.* The straightness of the wall is difficult to achieve without a plumb bob.

**butereeri**<sup>2</sup> adv. straight, linear • *Ni waika omu masanganzira tambula butereeri oyabe oku iduuka erikooto.* When you get to the junction, go straight to the shopping mall.

**butesi** *(o)butesi* n.14 stupidity, silliness, foolishness • *Toolawo obutesi obwo tokyali mwana.* Stop that stupidity, you are no longer a child.

**butida** [see also *sipanda*] *(e)butida* n.9/10 (a) catapult, slingshot • *Omwana akwaite ebutida.* The child is holding a catapult. (b) **kubba (o)butida**

to shoot with a catapult • *Nje mmaite okukubba butida.* I know how to shoot with a catapult.

**butiini** *(o)butiini* n.14 fear, dread, anxiety, fright • *We ekikukugadya butiini.* What is affecting you is fear. **butintibbali** *(o)butintibbali* n.14 cowardice, cowardliness, lack of bravery • *Lekerawo butintibbali bwamu olina okubona omukama waamu.* Stop your cowardice, you have to see your boss.

**butiribiri** adv. carefully, cautiously, watchfully • *Ebbanka bagikuuma butiribiri.* They keep the bank cautiously.

**butiti** *(o)butiti* n.14 (a) very cold weather • *Omu bwire bwa butiti abantu babba mu nyumba.* People stay indoors during very cold weather. (b) winter • *E Bulaaya aliyo obwire bwa butiti.* There is winter in Europe.

**butitiiri** *(o)butitiiri* n.14 coldness • *Obutitiiri buni buzwire oku ikendi omwingi eyatoonyere eizo.* This coldness is due to the heavy rains that fell yesterday.

**buto** *(o)buto* n.14 (a) childhood • *Obuto bwange bwansemeirye muno.* I enjoyed my childhood very much. (b) vaginal sores• *Omukali alina obuto.* The woman is suffering from vaginal sores.

**butobuto** *(o)butototo* n.14 childishness, infantilism • *Ekimusimoolesya kityo butobuto.* What makes her talk like that is childishness.

**butonde** *(o)butonde* n.14 environment, nature • *Emotoka ezikaire zipuumuka omwika ogusisiisa obutonde.* Old cars release thick fumes, which destroy the environment. (biological) sex (female vs. male) • *Okulowooza omuntu oyo wa butonde ki?* What do you think is the sex of that person?

**butongole** *(o)butongole* n.14 official role, formal setting • *Yaba obaze n'abasirikale omu butongole.* Go and talk with soldiers officially.

**butoosa** adv. incessantly, unceasingly, regularly • *Nkukoba butoosa buliizo okuleka obwibbi baitu towuura.* I regularly tell you to stop stealing but you don't listen.

**butorogondo** *(o)butorogondo* n.14 feathers, plumage • *Enkowu abba n'obutorogondo obweru n'obwiragazu.* Guinea fowls have white and black spotted feathers.

**butoti** *(o)butoti* n.14 humidity • *Obutoti bwayakaliriirye ni tutasobola kuluma.* The humidity was so high that we could not go digging.

**butto** *(o)butto* n.1a <from Lug.> cooking oil, vegetable oil • *Yaba onguureku obutto nsiike ebiyimba.* Go and buy cooking oil for me so that I can fry the beans.

**butugu** *(o)butugu* n.14 serious problems • *Obumpuuro bwamuleeteire obutugu.* Disobedience caused him serious problems.

**butume** *(o)butume* n.14 apostleship • *OPeetero, oYesu nigwo yawaire obu-* *tume.* It's Peter whom Jesus gave the apostleship.

**butundi** *(o)butundi* n.14 salesmanship • *Nkwendya osome obutundi.* I want you to train in salesmanship.

**butundwa** [see *butundwai*]

**butundwai** *(o)butundwai* n.14 passion fruit juice • *Nguurayo obutundwai bwa bitaanu.* Buy passion fruit juice for me for 500 shillings.

**butungi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)butungi* n.14 acquisition of wealth • *Obutungi bwa buguuda buzwa mu kukola muno.* Acquisition of wealth comes from hard work.

**butungi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)butungi* n.14 tailoring • *Obutungi nigwo mulumo gwabwe.* Tailoring is their business.

**butuntuli** *(o)butuntuli* n.14 worry, anxiety, concern • *Eizo twasiibire mu butuntuli.* Yesterday we spent the day worrying.

**butuubi** *(o)butuubi* n.14 greed, greediness • *Abakulembeze bata n'obutuubi bwa mpiiya.* Leaders are greedy for money.

**butuume** *(o)butuume* n.14 heap, pile, collections • *Tukoore obutuume bwa biduuma bwa mirundi isatu.* Let's put the maize in three heaps.

**butuuro** *(o)butuuro* n.14 tombstone (particularly of a king, a hero) • *Butuuro kimanyisya magombe aga nguli nganzi oba mukama oba muziga.* Bituuro means a grave of a generous person or a king or a hero.

**butuuze** [see also *busengi*] *(o)butuuze* n.14 residence • *Obutuuze bwa musaiza oyo bwa Uganda.* That

man's residence is in Uganda.

**butwa** [see *bucwa*]

**butyereri** [see also *butyeri*] *(o)butyereri* n.14 slipperiness

**butyeri** *(o)butyeri* n.14 slipperiness • *Enjura ereeta obutyeri okusinga kyarumwe omu byalo.* Rain causes slipperiness especially in an upcountry village.

**buubya** *(oku)buubya* v.tr. *buubirye* to shake gently • *Buubya amatai ago gakwate amagita.* Shake that milk so that we get butter.

**buugi** *(o)buugi* n.14 <from Sw.> maize porridge • *Abaana oku isomero banywa buugi.* Children eat maize porridge at school.

**buuliira** *(oku)buuliira* v.tr. *buuliirire* to counsel, to advise • *Buuliira abaana abo babbe n'engeso.* Counsel those children so that they behave well.

**buuliirya** *(oku)buuliriirya* v.tr. *buuliriirye* to investigate, to research • *Yaba obuuliirye ekikwaba omu maiso.* Go and investigate what is happening.

**buulya** *(oku)buulya* v.tr. *bwirye* to ask, to question, to inquire • *Buulya abasomesya abo nibo bamaite ebyafaayo bya Uganda.* Ask those teachers, they are the ones who know the history of Uganda.

**buusabuusa** *(oku)buusabuusa* v.tr. *buusabuusire* to hesitate, to doubt • *Nkubuusabuusa obanga twayaba.* I doubt whether we will go.

**buvumu** *(o)buvumu* n.14 boldness,

confidence, courage • *Ebintu ebyo bikolesye buvumu.* Do those things with boldness.

**buvunaanyizibwa** [see *bujunaanizibwa and vunaanyizibwa*] *(o)buvunaanyizibwa* n.14 responsibility

**buwaganyali** *(o)buwaganyali* n.14 unruliness, disorderliness • *Obuwaganyali nibwo bwamukubbisirye emiigo.* His unruliness led to his beating.

**buwagiri** [see also *buwagizi*] *(o)buwagiri* n.14 support, encouragement

• *Obobi Wine alina obuwagiri okuzwa omu basigazi.* Bobi Wine has a lot of support from the youths.

**buwagizi** [see also *buwagiri*] *(o)buwagizi* n.14 support, encouragement • *Etiimu ya Uganda Cranes erina buwagizi bwingi omu Uganda.* The Uganda Cranes team has a lot of support in Uganda.

**buwalimu** *(o)buwalimu* n.14 profession of teaching Sharia • *Akusoma buwalimu.* He is studying to become a teacher of Sharia.

**buwandi** <Lunyala> *(o)buwandi* n.14 cruelty, brutality, sadism

**buwandiike** *(o)buwandiike* n.14 writing • *Ebigambo ebyo biteeke omu buwandiike.* Put those words in writing.

**buwandiiki** *(o)buwandiiki* n.14 secretarial work • *Yatandikire omulumu gwa buwandiiki ng'akyali musigazi.* He started doing secretarial work when he was still a youth.

**buwange** *(o)buwange* n.14 creation •

*Obuwange bwa nsi bumaitiibwe oKanca.* It is God who knows the creation of the universe.

**buwangi** *(o)buwangi* n.14 (a) way of fixing (attachment of a handle e.g. to an axe or spade) • *Obuwangi bwa nsika eni tibugumu.* The attachment of a handle to a hoe must be stable or firm. (b) creativity, inventiveness, innovation • *Twesiimire olwa buwangi bwa Isabaruuli.* We are proud of Saaburuuli's creativity.

**buwangwa** *(o)buwangwa* n.14 culture, customs, traditions • *Obuwangwa bwa Baruuli bulina emirwa gingi.* The culture of the Baruuli has many rituals.

**buweereza** *(o)buweereza* n.14 service • *Obuweereza bwamwe bubbaire busai muno.* His services have been excellent.

**buwembeeri** *(o)buwembeeri* n.14 humility • *Obuwembeeri bwamwe butakibwa buli omwei.* His humility is admired by everyone.

**buwewuki** *(o)buwewuki* n.14 lightness • *Obuwewuki bwa lyato bulikudisya oku maizi.* The lightness of the boat enables it to float on water.

**buwiisa** *(o)buwiisa* n.14 mental disorder • *Obulwaire bwa nampongera buwiisa abantu.* Sleeping sickness causes a mental disorder.

**buwiise** *(o)buwiise* n.14 mental disorder, mental illness • *Obuwiise bwa musaiza oyo bwazwire ku kabenje keyagwireku.* His mental disorder was the result of the injuries he sustained

during the accident.

**buwolu** [see also *busiriki*] *(o)buwolu* n.14 calmness, serenity, quietness, silence • *Ntakire obuwolu bwa mwiga olwaleero.* I like the calmness of the river today.

**buwoopi** *(o)buwoopi* n.14 parish chieftaincy • *Obuwoopi bwa muluka guni bwa Mukwaya.* The parish chieftaincy belongs to Mukwaya.

**buwooro** [see also *bunywero*] *(o)buwooro* n.14 relief, solace • *Oisemaka kaire leke tutunge obuwooro.* Let the head of the family come and we will get relief.

**buwudamo** [see also *bubudamu*] *(o)buwudamo* n.14 refuge

**buwuluka** *(o)buwulukaisana* n.14 east • *Enjura n'ekwaite e buwuluka yatoonya.* Since the clouds are forming from the east, it will rain.

**buwunga** *(o)buwunga* n.14 maize flour • *Yaba oku iduuka otuguureyo obuwunga.* Go to the shop and buy us maize flour.

**buya** *(o)buya* n.14 hole used as a trap for large animals• *Omberege yagwire omu buya.* The pig fell into the trap. **buyaaka** adv. again, anew • *Emotoka yaamwe agiirye buyaaka.* His car has been refurbished.

**buyabuya** (e.g. *mubuyabuya, babuyabuya*) adj. foolish, simple-minded

• *Omukali omubuyabuya yeitiire omwan waamwe.* A foolish woman killed her own child.

**buyambi** *(o)buyambi* n.14 assistance, help, donation, support • *Tutungire*

*obuyambi okuzwa e Germany.* We have received assistance from Germany.

**buyiigi** *(o)buyiigi* n.14 hunting • *Obuyiigi nigwo gwali mulumo gwa ite waamwe.* Hunting was his father's job.

**buyima** *(o)buyima* n.14 suretyship • *Obuyima bwamu tibunjunire.* Your suretyship did not help me.

**buyindukanyuma** *(o)buyindukanyuma* n.14 U-turn • *Yavugire n'akola obuyindukanyuma.* He drove and then made a U-turn.

**buyinza** *(o)buyinza* n.14 (a) power, authority • *Opurezidenti ata n'obuyinza bwingi omu Uganda.* The president of Uganda has a lot of power. (b) permission, consent, agreement • *Watoire ayi obuyinza okuvuga motoka yange?* Where did you get permission to drive my car?

**buyonjo** *(o)buyonjo* n.14 cleanliness, hygiene • *Mukuume obuyonjo oku isomero.* Maintain the cleanliness of the school.

**buyungiro** *(o)buyungiro* n.14 joint • *Eigumba lyatyokeire mu buyungiro.* The bone broke at the joint.

**buzeiza** [see *buziiza*]

**buziba** [see also *buluba*] *(o)buziba* n.14 problem, challenge, difficulty • *Ni wabbanga toli mwegendereza okwiza kwereetera obuzibu.* You will cause yourself problems if you are not careful.

**buzibu** [see *buzubu*]

**buziga** *(o)buziga* n.14 bravery,

courage • *Obuziga bucungula eiyanga.* Bravery liberates the country.

**buziiza** *(o)buziiza* n.14 ancestry, heritage, roots • *Ndi musemeri olwa buziiza bwange obuganda.* I am proud of my Ganda ancestry.

**buzubu** *(o)buzubu* n.14 problem, challenge • *Oiza kwereetera obuzibu.* You will cause yourself problems.

**buzuga** *(oku)buzuga* v.intr. *buzugire* to command hunters to target an animal • *Atuhairwe leero niye akubuzuga.* Today it is Atuhairwe who commands the hunters.

**buzwe** *(o)buzwe* n.14 ancestry, origin • *Nkobera obuzwe bwa baana ba Mukasa.* Tell me the ancestry of Mukasa's children.

**buzwo** [see *buzwe*]

**bwabo** *(o)bwabo* n.14 nowhere to go • *Oiba wa mukali oyo yamupekere ati talina bwabo.* The woman was chased away by her husband and

now she has nowhere to go. **bwabwe** [see *abwe*]

**bwaculi** adv. very early in the morning • *Yakeire e wange bwaculi.* He came to my home very early in the morning.

**bwadiventi** *(o)bwadiventi* n.14 seventh-day Adventist religion • *Obwadiventi bwaizire omu Uganda mu mwakagwa 1927* The seventhday Adventist religion was introduced in Uganda in 1927.

**bwagula** *(oku)bwagula* v.intr. *bwagwire* (of a dog) to give birth • *Ombwene wange abwagwire.* My dog

has given birth.

**bwainginiya** *(o)bwainginiya* n.14 engineering • *Omwana wange akusomeera bwainginiya.* My child is studying engineering.

**bwairai** adv. all along, all the time, from the beginning • *Obwairai nkubeeta, mubbaire ayi?* I have been calling you all along, where have you been?

**bwaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**bwakabaka** *(o)bwakabaka* n.14 kingdom • *Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bukooto.* The kingdom of Buganda is big.

**bwakabona** *(o)bwakabona* n.14 priesthood • *OMatayo akusomeera bwakabona.* Matthew is studying for the priesthood.

**bwakamara** *(o)bwakamara* n.14 county • *OBunyala bulimu obwakamara bwa mirundi enai.* Bunyala has four counties.

**bwakarai** adv. long time ago • *Obwakarai omukali Omunyala tiyalyanga nkoko.* A long time ago, Munyala women used not to eat chicken.

**bwala** *(o)bwala* n.14 girlhood • *Yeyagaliire omu bwala bwamwe.* She enjoyed her girlhood.

**bwalumwei** [see also *lumwei*] adv. sometimes• *Obwalumwei aizaku ani.* Sometimes he comes here.

**bwami**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bwami* n.14 (a) chieftaincy, leadership, manhood • *Obwami bwa buruguza buni bwa Edward.* The chieftaincy of this sub-county is Edward's. (b) man's responsibility • *Abasaiza abandi tibaikiirya bwami omu maka gaabwe.* Some men do not fulfil their responsibilities in their homes.

**bwamu** [see *amu*]

**bwamwe** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**bwanakyemaara** [see also *bwemaliiri*] *(o)bwanakyemaara* n.14 dictatorship • *Obwenakyemaara bwa purezidenti Amin nibwo bwainaize eiyanga.* President Amin's dictatorship suppressed the nation.

**bwandi** *(o)bwandi* n.14 hottemperedness, irritability • *Obwandi bwa musaiza oyo bwapekere abaana baamwe eka.* That man's hottemperedness drove his children away from home.

**bwandu** *(o)bwandu* n.14 colic pain, severe pain in the abdomen • *Omusisi abbaire mulwaire wa bwandu.* Musisi has been a colic patient.

**bwangaali** *(o)bwangaali* n.14 empty space • *Obwangaali bwa kiswa buleetebwa ki?* What makes the termite mound have an empty space inside? **bwange** [see *ange*]

**bwangu** *(o)bwangu* 14 (a) swiftness, speediness, quickness • *Omusumeeni gusala embaawo kusai ate mu bwangu.* A hand saw cuts timber neatly and fast. (b) **(o)mu bwangu** speedily, fast, quickly

**bwankeremba** *(o)bwankeremba* n.14 infancy • *Obwankeremba bukanga ku mwaka gumwei.* Infancy stops at about one year.

**bwanyamuyonjo** *(o)bwanyamuyo-*

*njo* n.14 leadership of Nyamuyonjo • *Obwanyamuyonjo bwali bufugi bwa maani ate nga butegeki kusai.* The leadership of Nyamuyonjo was strong and well organised.

**bwanywe** [see *nywe*]

**bwapaapa** *(o)bwapaapa* n.14 papacy • *Obwapaapa tibuliibwangaku mwiraguzu.* The Papacy has never been occupied by a black person.

**bwaro** *(o)bwaro* n.14 intestines (of a goat) • *Obwaro bwa mbuli budooli.* The goat's intestines are small.

**bwebbisiro** *(o)bwebbisiro* n.14 hideout, hiding place, hideaway, safe house, sanctuary • *Ndoowo amaite bwebbisiro bwamwe.* No one knows his hideout.

**bwebembezi** *(o)bwebembezi* n.14 leadership • *Bamukomeryembe oku bwebembezi obwa meeya.* He was just elected to the position of leadership.

**bwebi** *(o)bwebi* n.14 sexual intercourse • *Mbaajiirye bali mu bwebi.* I came across them having sexual intercourse.

**bwecunguzi** *(o)bwecunguzi* n.14 independence, liberation • *Obwecunguzi bwa Uganda bw'aluwo omu 1962.* Uganda attained independence in 1962.

**bwedede** *(o)bwedede* n.14 tension, anxiety • *Abanayuganda bali ku bwedede olwa kwangaana okuliwo akati wa Rwanda ne Uganda.* Ugandans are in a state of tension because of the on-going conflict between Uganda and Rwanda.

**bwegaiti** *(o)bwegaiti* n.14 union (e.g. farmers' union), cooperative • *Obwebembezi bwa Museveni bwiryewo obwegaiti bwa balimi.* Museveni's leadership has restored farmers' unions.

**bwegesye** [see also *bwegi*] *(o)bwegesye* n.14 education, level of education, academic degree • *Obwegesye bwamu bukanga ayi?* What is your level of education?

**bwegi** [see also *bwegesye*] *(o)bwegi* n.14 education, level of education, academic degree • *Obwegesye bwamu bukanga ayi?* What is your level of education?

**bweiga** *(oku)bweiga* v.intr. *bweigire* (of a child) to put on weight • *Omwana abweigere.* The child has put on weight.

**bwekingiri** [see *bwetangiri*]

**bwekulungi** *(o)bwekulungi* n.14 circular form, round form, round shape

• *Obwekulungi bwa nsi bwajumbwirwe Galileo.* It was Galileo who discovered that the earth has a round form.

**bwemaliiri** *(o)bwemaliiri* n.14 dictatorship • *Obwemaliiri bwa purezidenti Amin nibwo bwainaize eiyanga.* President Amin's dictatorship suppressed the nation.

**bwemi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bwemi* n.14 danger, threat • *Omu South Sudan mulimu obwemi bwingi.* There is a lot of danger in South Sudan.

**bwemi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)bwemi* n.14 (a) height, length • *Obwemi bwa kisiika kini bwenkana ayi?* What is the height of this wall? (b) still, without moving • *Omusaiza ayemereire bwemi.* The man is standing still. (c) straight • *Ayemereire bwemi.* He is standing straight. (d) erection of a male animal • *Ombwene abbaire n'obwemi okuliga emambya.* The dog has had an erection since morning.

**bwenda** *(o)bwenda* n.14 generosity • *Obwenda obwingi busobola okwitisya omuntu.* Too much generosity can cause a person's death.

**bwende** *(o)bwende* n.14 love, affection • *Nyanjura alina obwende bwingi eji ibaamwe.* Nyanjura has a lot of love for her husband.

**bwendya** [see also *butaki*] *(o)bwendya* n.14 need • *Aba Nakasongola balina obwendya bwa maizi.* The residents of Nakasongola are in need of water.

**bwenganiza** *(o)bwenganiza* n.14 justice • *Ndoowo bwenganiza omu kooti za Uganda eza mateeka.* There is no justice in Uganda's courts of law.

**bwenge** *(o)bwenge* n.14 carefulness, watchfulness, caution • *Obwenge bwamwe bwamuweeserye ekifo ekikooto omu kampuni.* His caution earned him a high position in the company.

**bwengi** *(o)bwengi* n.14 ripeness • *Obwengi bwa mbiire nibwo bukola obuka bwa nsande.* The ripeness of the sweet banana affects the concentration of the juice.

**bwenkani** *(o)bwenkani* n.14 fairness • *Omusango bagusaare mu bwenkani.* The case has had a fair judgement. (lit. The case was treated with fairness.)

**bwenkanya** [see also *bwenganiza*] *(o)bwenkanya* n.14 justice

**bwenzi** *(o)bwenzi* n.14 adultery, fornication • *Obwenzi bwa basaiza bweyongeire ebiro bini.* Adultery has increased among men.

**bwere** [see also *byere*] *(o)bwere* n.14 skin rash • *Ndina obwere oku mubiri gwonagwona.* I have a skin rash all over the body.

**bwereere**<sup>1</sup> adv. (a) nakedly • *Omwala asangiibwe bwereere.* A girl was found naked. (b) nakedness, nudity • *Omwojo alangire obwereere bwamwe.* The boy has exposed his nudity. (c) no price, freebie [used only as a modifier in a possessive construction] • *Nafunire efairo ya bwereere.* I got this file folder for free. (d) for no reason, for no good reason, for free • *Omwira waamwe yamukubbiire bwereere.* He has beaten his friend for no reason. (e) in vain • *Akudaagira bwereere tiyamusaasire.* She is pleading in vain, he will not pardon her.

**bweru**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bweru* n.14 (a) whiteness • *Obweru bwa lugoye mbutakire.* I liked the whiteness of the cloth. (b) holiness • *Obweru bwa Yesu bwazwire giri Kanca.* Jesus' holiness came from God.

**bwerufu** *(o)bwerufu* n.14 transparency • *Obwerufu bwa Saudah*

*mbutaka.* I like Saudah's transparency.

**bweruki** *(o)bweruki* n.14 brightness • *Obweruki bwa bwa laaputoopu busiisa amaiso.* The brightness of the laptop affects the eyes.

**bwerukiyeruki** *(o)bwerukiyeruki* n.14 off-white • *Empale yaamwe gyerukiyeruki.* His trousers are offwhite.

**bwesige** *(o)bwesige* n.14 trust • *Abantu bamulinamu obwesige.* People trust him.

**bwesigwa** *(o)bwesigwa* n.14 trustworthiness, fidelity • *Obwesigwa oKanca nibwo ataka.* It is trustworthiness that God wants.

**bweso** adv. very well, fluently • *OKato asimoola Olunyala bweso.* Kato speaks Lunyala very well.

**bwetaavu** [see also *butaki*] *(o)bwetaavu* n.14 need, necessity, demand • *Waliwo obwetaavu bwa maizi aga naikonto omu Uganda.* There is a need for borehole water in Uganda.

**bwetangiri** [see also *bwekingiiri*] *(o)bwetangiri* n.14 prevention, protection, immunisation • *Obwetangiri bwa ndwaire butujunire obutasaasaanya muno mpiiya.* Immunisation against diseases helps us to spend less.

**bweteja** *(o)bweteja* n.14 (a) carefulness, caution • *Bba n'obweteja omu ntambula yaamu abaibbi baingi ebiro bini.* Be careful with your movements, there are many thieves these days. (b) experience, skill • *Taa-* *mu obweteja omu by'okukola.* Show some skill in what you are doing.

**bweti** *(o)bweti* n.14 the way of calling, beckoning, summoning • *Obweti bwamu gyendi tibubbairemu kawoowo.* Your way of summoning me was rude.

**bwetoowaze** [see also *buwembeeri*] *(o)bwetoowaze* n.14 humility • *Obwetoowaze bwa mukali oyo bumukuumiire omu bufumbo.* Her humility has helped her to stay in the marriage.

**bweyamo** *(o)bweyamo* n.14 promise • *Yampaire obweyamo nti akwiza kwiza mu bwire.* He gave me his promise that he will come in time.

**bweyebeeri** *(o)bweyebeeri* n.14 forgetfulness • *Kitalo muno, obweyebeeri bwansubisirye omulumo.* It is a pity, my forgetfulness made me miss a job.

**bweyemeera** adv. independently, autonomously, without help, by one's own efforts, single-handedly • *Ebyamwe abikola bweyemeera.* He does his work independently.

**bweyemeeri** *(o)bweyemeeri* n.14 pledge, commitment • *Obweyemeeri bwamu mbwikiriize.* I have accepted your pledge.

**bweyinduuro** *(o)bweyinduuro* n.14 breathing space • *Omusaiza ambulisiryeku obweyinduuro.* The man has denied me any breathing space.

**bwibbi** *(o)bwibbi* n.14 theft, robbery, stealing • *Baamubbwere lwa bwibbi.* He was arrested because of theft.

**bwica** *(o)bwica* n.14 parish (as a tier of administration) • *Obwica buni bukooto.* This parish is big.

**bwigalamatwi** [see also *mpolobobo*] *(o)bwigalamatwi* n.14 type of inedible flying ants • *Mutalya bwigalamatwi bwita.* Don't eat the small inedible flying ants please, they can kill.

**bwikaaro** *(o)bwikaaro* n.14 (a) buttocks, bum • *Omukali ata n'obwikaaro bukooto ayabe omu mpaka za babwikaaro.* The woman has a big bum, she should participate in 'Miss Curvy' competitions. (b) bottom (e.g. of a pot) • *Obwikaaro bwa kinaga bukujwa.* The bottom of the pot is leaking. (c) settlement, residence • *Obwikaaro bwa Mulindwa buli Masaka.* Mulindwa's residence is at Masaka.

**bwikali** [see also *bwikaaro*] *(o)bwikali* n.14 residence • *Obwikali bwa musaiza oyo bwa Uganda.* That man's residence is in Uganda.

**bwikiiri** *(o)bwikiiri* n.14 <from archaic> righteousness • *Obwikiiri bwa Yesu bwazwire giri Kanca.* Jesus's righteousness came from God. **bwikiiriri** *(o)bwikiiriri* n.14 righteousness, holiness • *Obwikiiriiri bwa Yesu bwazwire giri Kanca.* Jesus's righteousness came from God. **bwikiro**<sup>1</sup> *(o)bwikiro* n.14 (a) entrance to the palace • *Obwikiro bwa kikaali kya mukama butwoge.* The entrance to the King's palace is decorated. (b) reception (in a hotel or office) • *Yaba oku bwikiro onsyomereyo ekisindabu-* *lyo kyange.* Go to the reception and bring my key.

**bwimuki** *(o)bwimuki* n.14 height, tallness • *Obwimuki bwa bakali omu Uganda obwa kigero buta ki?* What is the average height of female Ugandans?

**bwina** *(o)bwina* n.14 (a) pit, ditch • *Ombuli wange agwire omu bwina.* My goat has fallen in a pit. (b) **bwina bwa (o)ku matama** dimples • *ONaranzi alina obwina bw'oku matama.* Naranzi has dimples on her cheek.

**bwinaze** *(o)bwinaze* n.14 suppression, oppression • *Abaikali ba Syria bali mu bwinaze.* The residents of Syria are under oppression.

**bwinazi** *(o)bwinazi* n.14 extreme poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty • *Twecungwire kuzwa mu bwinazi.* We have rescued ourselves from extreme poverty.

**bwingi** *(o)bwingi* n.14 (a) quantity, number • *Tutabule bwingi ki obwa seminti?* Which quantity of cement should we mix? (b) **bwingi bwa bantu** population • *Obwingi bwa bantu bukiikire.* The population has exploded.

**bwino** *(o)bwino* n.14 <from Sw.> ink • *Ebbairo yange eweiremu obwino.* My pen has no more ink.

**bwire** *(o)bwire* n.14 (a) time • *Waizire bwire ki?* What time did you come? (b) **bwire tibukuure** these are bad times, things are not going on well (c) **(o)mu bwire** in time, in good time, punctually • *Ndoowo nsonga*

*kasita waabba nga waira mu bwire.* There is no problem as long as you will come back in time. (d) weather • *Olwaleero obwire bwa kiguruiguru.* The weather is grey today. (e) night, night time • *Onyonyi oyo akunga bwire.* That bird sings at night.

**bwiriza** *(o)bwiriza* n.14 pubic hair • *Omwojo akuure era ameere n'obwiriza.* The boy has grown up, he has even grown pubic hair.

**bwiru** *(o)bweru* n.14 slavery • *Omu Uganda mulimu enkola ya bwiru egiyaaka.* There is a new form of slavery in Uganda.

**bwirukiro** *(o)bwirukiro* n.14 asylum, refuge • *Uganda ewa bwirukiro edi aBasudani.* Uganda provides asylum to Sudanese.

**bwita** *(o)bwita* n.14 millet • *Obwita mere gikulu omu Buruuli.* Millet is an important food among the Baruuli.

**bwiti** *(o)bwiti* n.14 murder, homicide • *Bakumujunaana gwa bwiti.* They

are accusing him of murder.

**bwiya** *(o)bwiya* n.14 envy, jealousy • *Baitu mukali wange lekerawo obwiya obwo.* Gracious, my wife, stop that envy.

**bwizi** *(o)bwizi* n.14 vaginal lubrication, vaginal fluids • *Omukali ata n'obwizi era omusaiza waamwe omwendya muno.* The woman has a lot of vaginal lubrication, that is why she is loved by her husband.

**bwizuli** *(o)bwizuli* n.14 fullness • *Naliire mu bwizuli.* I ate until I was full. **bwo** it (class 14 independent pro-

# noun)

**bwoce** *(o)bwoce* n.14 burn, injury caused by fire • *Afunire obwoce oku mukono.* He has sustained a burn on the hand.

**bwoga** *(oku)bwoga* v.intr. *bwogere* (a) to be flooded • *Omwiga e Jinja gwabwogere.* The river in Jinja is flooded. (b) (of a baby) to vomit • *Omwana akubwoga.* The child is vomiting.

**bwogi** *(o)bwogi* n.14 sharpness • *Obwogi bwa nsone yange bukeeyere.* The sharpness of my knife has decreased.

**bwogo** *(o)bwogo* n.14 noise • *Nkuwuurayo eyo obwogo, bukuzwa ku kiki?* I hear a noise, what is the cause? **bwoiga** *(oku)bwoiga* v.intr. *bwoigere* to put on weight, to gain weight • *Omwana wa mulirwana abwoigere.* The neighbour's child has put on weight.

**bwoigola** *(oku)bwoigola* v.intr. *bwoigoire* to bark • *Lwaki ombwene akubwoigola?* Why is the dog barking?

**bwoka** [see *booka*] *(oku)bwoka* v.tr. *bwokere* to earth up (e.g. potato plants) • *Oku mulundi guni tubwokere ebitindyole bya biyaata ebikooto.* This time round we earthed up big potato moulds.

**bwoki** *(o)bwoki* n.14 honeycomb with honey • *Naani atwaire obwoki bwange?* Who has taken my honeycombs?

**bwomezi** [see also *bwomi*] *(o)bwo-*

*mezi* n.14 life, existence, being, living • *Obwomezi bwa mukali odi bubbaire buzibu.* That woman's life has not been easy.

**bwomi** [see also *bwomezi*] *(o)bwomi* n.14 (a) life, existence, being, living • *Obwomi bwa biro bini buzibu.* Life these days is not easy. (b) **bwomi (o)butawaawo** eternal life • *Abaikiriza batunga obwomi obutawaawo.* The believers get eternal life.

**bwomwei** *(o)bwomwei* n.14 (a) loneliness, solitude, solitary life • *Obwomwei bwamwita.* He will die of loneliness. (lit. Loneliness will kill him.) (b) alone, lonely, by oneself • *Timmaite lwaki atambwire bwomwei.* I do not know why he walks alone.

**bwondi** *(o)bwondi* n.14 weight loss, slimming • *Obwondi bwalina buzwire ku namunywa.* The weight loss is a result of HIV/AIDS.

**bwongo** *(o)bwongo* n.14 brain • *Obukooto bwa mutwe tinibwo bwongo.* The size of the head does not reflect the size of the brain.

**bworo** *(o)bworo* n.14 poverty • *Tukole muno tuzwe omu bworo.* Let's work hard so that we get out of excessive poverty.

**bworobi** *(o)bworobi* n.14 obedience • *Obworobi ngeso etakibwa omu bantu.* Obedience is a virtue needed in our society.

**bwosi** *(o)bwosi* n.14 malnutrition • *Omwana wa Susan yakwatiibwe obwosi.* Susan's child is suffering from malnutrition.

**bwowa** *(o)bwowa* n.14 *Galinsoga parviflora* (gallant soldier, fastgrowing annual herb with the capacity to invade agricultural and other disturbed areas)

**byabufumu** *(e)byabufumu* n.8 magic, witchcraft • *Oyo akola byabufumu.* That one practices magic. **byabufuzi** [see also *bufuzi*] *(e)byabu-*

*fuzi* n.8 politics • *Aba byabufuzi bakeereerya abantu.* Politicians make empty promises.

**byabulumi** *(e)byabulumi* n.8 agriculture, horticulture, agronomy, farming • *Yasomereire byabulumi.* He studied agriculture.

**byabuwangwa** *(e)byabuwangwa* n.8 cultural affairs • *OKato akola ku byabuwangwa.* Kato is in charge of cultural affairs.

**byabwe** [see *abwe*]

**byabwomi** *(e)done* n.8 health • *Nkola mu kitongole kya byabwomi.* I work in the health department.

**byaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**byaitakali** *(e)byaitakali* n.8 land issues

**byaitundi** *(e)byaitundi* n.8 good, merchandise, produce, product • *Oni niye matalisi wa byaitundi byaiswe.* She is the advertiser for our goods.

**byakamagu** *(e)byakamagu* n.8 mental problem • *Omwizukulu oyo ataaku ebyakamagu.* That grandchild has a mental problem.

**byakwerinda** *(e)byakwerinda* n.8 security, safety, safety measures • *Ebyakwerinda bya Masaka bibbi.* The security in Masaka is very poor. **byala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)byala* v.intr. *byaire* (a) to give birth • *Abakali ba biro bini tibendya kubyala.* Women these days do not want to give birth. (b) to be a godparent • *Naani eyakubyala omu kanisa?* Who will be your godparent in church? (c) to lay eggs • *Ebiyenze byabyaliire omu ikooko lya musaale.* Cockroaches laid eggs on the bark of the tree.

**byala**<sup>2</sup> *(e)byala* n.8 evil spell, curse • *Bamumiisireku ebyala.* They have cast an evil spell on him.

**byalengano** [see *bubyale*]

**byalibwa** *(oku)byalibwa* v.intr. *byaliibwe* to hail from, to originate from, to come from, to be native of • *Mbyalibwa mu iruguza lya Ibbaale.* I come from Bbaale sub-county.

**byalukuka** *(oku)byalukuka* v.tr. *byalukukire* (of a parent) to disown a child • *Nkwiza kukubyalukuka singa ogaana okusoma.* I will disown you if you refuse to study.

**Byalumbe** *(o)Byalumbe* n.1a name given to a child born during the time of mourning

**byamawuuro** *(e)byamawuuro* n.8 (a) information, news • *Naani akola oku byamawuuro mu Buganda?* Who is in charge of information in Buganda Kingdom? (b) media, communication • *Oyo niye mukwenda wa byamawuuro.* That one is the information minister.

**byamu** [see *amu*] **byamuwuro** [see *byamawuuro*] **byamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**byangatana** *(oku)byangatana* v.intr. *byangataine* to be unsettled, to restless, to fidgety, to anxious • *OMpanka abyangatana bundi.* Mpanka is always unsettled.

**byange** [see *ange*]

**byanguke** interj. an idiomatic expression used to thank a blacksmith after he has done his work to which he responds 'Ebinaga.'

**byankenga** *(e)byankenga* n.8 (a) forecast, prediction (b) **byankenga ya bwire** weather forecast • *Nkusoma ku byankenga ya bwire.* I am reading the weather forecast.

**byantunga** *(e)byantunga* n.8 economic development • *Ebyantunga byaiswe byasiisikaire.* Our economic development is delayed.

**byanyegesya** *(e)byanyegesya* n.8 education, schooling • *Ebyanyegesya omu disitulikiti yaiswe tibisai.* The standard of education in our district is poor.

**byanywe** [see *nywe*]

**byaswayo** *(e)byaswayo* n.8 history, the past • *Ebyaswayo bya Buruuli tibiwandiike kusai.* The history of Buruuli is not well documented.

**byawongo** *(e)byawongo* n.8 charm, magic word, spell, witch craft • *Bamunagiire ebyawongo omu irembo.*

They cast spells in front of his courtyard.

**byendiisya** *(e)byendiisya* n.8 nutrition

**byere** [see also *beere*] *(e)byere* n.8 skin rash • *Ndina ebyere oku lususu.* I have a skin rash.

**byo** pro. they (noun class 8 independent pronoun)

**byomere** *(o)byomere* n.1a/2 tycoon, magnate, mogul, very rich person, millionaire • *OMuhangi byomere.* Muhangi is a tycoon.

**byomero** [see *byomere*]

**byonzeera** *(e)byonzeera* n.8 charm, talisman, fetish • *Omwawule yayocerye ebyonzeera.* The reverend burnt the charms.

**byonzi** *(e)byonzi* n.8 eye discharge (due to bacterial conjunctivitis) • *Amaiso gange gakunduma gaizire n'ebyonzi.* My eyes are infected and are oozing out discharge.

**byoya** *(e)byoya* n.8 (a) fur, wool • *Ontaama abba ne byoya bingi.* The sheep has thick wool. (b) **byoya bya mu nkuwa** armpit hair • *Omugwairalu tagemba byoya bya mu nkuwa.* The madman does not shave his armpit hair. (c) **byoya bya munda** stomach ulcer • *Ebiro bini abantu baingi balwala ebyoya bya munda.* These days, many people suffer from stomach ulcer.

# **C**

**caaci** *(o)caaci* n.1a/10 type of woven mat • *Ocaaci oni naani yamulukire?* Who wove this caaci mat?

**caaka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)caaka* v.tr. *caakire* to start, to begin, to commence • *Caaka orubazo lwamu.* Begin your speech. **caaka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)caaka* v.intr. *caakire* (of news, emotions) to spread, to become popular • *Amawuuro ga kwiza kwamwe gacaakire.* The news of his arrival has spread widely.

**caanya** *(oku)caanya* v.tr. *caanyire* to heap, to pile • *Caanya enkwi ezo ozireete ani.* Gather that firewood in heaps and bring it here.

**caayi** *(o)caayi* n.1a <from Sw.> tea • *Mperyayo ekikopo kya cayai.* Give me a cup of tea.

**cabbuka** *(oku)cabbuka* v.intr. *cabbukire* (a) to peel off • *Empuuju ya musaale yacabbukire.* The bark of the tree peeled off. (b) (of pottery) to break from • *Ensuwa ecabbukireku akatundu kadooli.* A small piece has broken off the pot.

**cabbula** *(oku)cabbula* v.tr. *cabbuure* to break a piece from • *Yaba oku kinaga oncabbuureku akatundu.* Go and break off a piece of the pot for me.

**caci** *(o)caci* n.1a/2 top prisoner (a prisoner with a high social rank in a prison hierarchy) • *Ocaci yeena abba mubbwe.* The top prisoner is still a prisoner.

**cacu** *(o)cacu* n.1a husk (of cereal

crops e.g. maize, rice etc.) • *Ebisolo birya ocacu wa biyimba.* Animals feed on husks from beans.

**cakala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)cakala* n.1a retail merchandise • *OMupiina atunda cakala omu katale.* Mupiina sells retail merchandise at the market.

**cakala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)cakala* v.intr. *cakaire* to enjoy oneself, to party, to have fun • *Abaana bakobere nambu baabire kucakala.* The children have said that they have gone to party.

**cambaituka** *(oku)cambaituka* v.intr. *cambaitukire* (a) (of liquid) to sway, to shake back and forth, to shake from side to side • *Ekidomola ekitayizwire kicambaituka muno.* A halffool jerry can shakes from side to side vigorously. (b) to boil • *Amaizi gakucambaituka.* The water is boiling. (c) to be in a civil strife, to have a civil conflict • *Kiki ekizwireku okucambaituka kwa bantu?* What is the cause of the current civil strife? **cambaitula** *(oku)cambaitula* v.tr. *cambaitwire* (a) to stir up • *Onsoke acambaitula muno amaizi.* A whirlwind makes the water turbulent. (b) to provoke • *Leka kucambaitula bantu abo bakwiza kukukubba.* Don't provoke those people, they may beat you up. **camuka** [see also *cambaituka*] *(oku) camuka* v.intr. *camukire* (a) to boil • *Amaizi ga kusumba akaita gacamukire.* The water for cooking the millet paste has boiled. (b) to be excited • *Ka mucamukire bundi ereero?* Oh, why are you so excited today?

**canga** *(oku)canga* v.tr. *cangire* <from Sw.> (a) to shuffle (playing cards) • *Canga ocanisi tuzeenye.* Shuffle the cards and let's play. (b) to confuse • *Lwaki mukucanga abaana abato?* Why do you confuse the young children? (c) to play skilfully (football) • *OKabagambe amaite okucanga akapiira.* Kabagambe knows how to play football skilfully. (d) to clean and sort out the nets (in preparation for fishing) • *Muwulukye obutimba obwo tubucange.* Get out those nets so that we can have them sorted out and cleaned. (e) fig. to have extramarital relationships in a treacherous way • *Omukali waamwe acanga abasaiza.* His wife has extramarital relations in a treacherous way.

**cangacanga** *(oku)cangacanga* v.tr. *cangirecangire* to mix up things in a confusing way • *Amaite okucangacanga canisi.* He knows how to shuffle cards in a confusing way.

**cangisya** *(oku)cangisya* v.tr. *cangisirye* to shuffle (playing cards) • *Cangisya amatatu tuzeenye.* Shuffle the cards and let's play.

**canisi** *(o)canisi* n.1a/10 playing card • *Mmaite okuzeenya ocanisi.* I know how to play cards.

**capati** *(e)capati* n.9/10 <from Hindi> chapat (UgE), chapatti (a thin pancake cooked on a griddle) • *Ecapati zigula bitaanu.* A chapatti costs 500

shillings.

**capula** *(oku)capula* v.tr. *capwire* to speak fast • *Weena ocapula muno ebigambo abantu tibakweteja.* You speak very fast, people cannot follow you.

**ce** interj. hush • *Musirike ce batabawuura.* Keep quiet, they may overhear you.

**ceeda** *(oku)ceeda* v.tr. *ceedere* to hit, to beat forcefully (with a stick) • *Nkwiza kukuceeda omwigo.* I will hit you hard with a stick.

**ceena** *(oku)ceena* v.tr. *ceenere* to curse, to damn • *Lwaki oceena abaana ba mugandaawo?* Why do you curse your sister's children?

**ceerana** *(oku)ceerana* v.intr. *ceeraine* to insist, to be persistent• *Ceerana muno leke bakusasule empiiya zaamu.* Insist until they pay you your money.

**ceicecei** ideo. total silence, total stillness • *Nkukweta osirikirembe ceiceicei!* I am calling you and you are totally silent!

**cekeceke** adv. (of rain) continuously • *Oikendi akusenseka cekeceke takukya.* It is pouring rain continuously. **cencegera** *(oku)cencegera* v.intr. *cencegeire* to hop, to jump, to spring, to leap • *Ayabire awo ng'akucencegera nka ekikere.* She passed there hopping like a frog.

**cepe** *(e)cepe* n.9/10 pip (a decoration worn on a military uniform to denote rank) • *Omukulu wa maye bamwongeire ecepe.* The army officer

has been awarded more pips.

**coicoicoi** *(o)coicoicoi* n.1a quarrel, argument, disagreement, squabble, fight, dispute • *Ocoicoicoi aliwaawo di?* When will the quarrel end?

**condooza** *(oku)condooza* v.tr. *condoozere* to investigate, to inspect • *Nkucondooza ku bwibbi obuli omu kicweka.* I am investigating a theft in this area.

**cooba** *(oku)cooba* v.tr. *coobere* (a) to fill up • *Leeta ekidomola kya amalwa ekyo tukicoobe.* Bring that jerry can of finger millet brew and let's fill it up. (b) to finish, to complete • *Timwaire eka nga timucoobere lubbimbi lwanywe.* You will not go home unless you complete your assignment. (c) to spear • *Omuyiigi acoobere okisolo.* The hunter speared an animal while hunting.

**coobera** *(oku)coobera* v.tr. *coobeire* to wear a piece of garment on top of the other • *Oku gomesi eyo cooberaku ereesu.* Wear a leesu on top of the gomesi.

**coodera** *(oku)codera* v.intr. *coodeire* to limp • *Omukaire akucoodera.* The old woman is limping.

**cooka** *(oku)cooka* v.tr. *cookere* to collect, to gather • *Twasangire bamaare okucooka obutebe omu kasiika.* We found them when they had already gathered the chairs in the room.

**coolya** *(oku)coolya* v.intr. *coirye* (of birds) to cackle • *Obukoko bukucoolya.* The chickens are cackling. **coora** *(oku)coora* v.tr. *coire* to pile, to heap • *Ebiteere mubicoore amwei.* Pile the potatoes in one place.

**cubbya** *(oku)cubbya* v.tr. *cubbirye* to dip lightly into sauce • *Cubbya ekiyaata omu mukubi okirye.* Dip the potato into the sauce and then eat it. **cucuka** *(oku)cucuka* v.intr. *cucukire* (of garments) to fade, (of skin) to be pale • *Olugoye lwange lucucukire.* My clothes have faded.

**cucuki** (e.g. *zicucuki, lucucuki*) adj. faded • *Olugoye olucucuki lwani?* Who is the owner of the faded garment?

**cucula** *(oku)cucula* v.intr. *cucwire* (a) (of skin) to be harsh, to be dry (b) to look pale, to lose lustre, to lose colour, to fade • *Ncucwire olukobba.* My skin looks pale.

**cuculya** *(oku)cuculya* v.tr. *cucwirye* to make pale, to cause to lose lustre, to tarnish, to make rough • *Amaizi ago gacuculya olukobba.* That water makes the skin pale.

**cuga** *(oku)cuga* v.tr. *cugire* to have sex with, to have sexual intercourse with • *Abatamiire baingi bendya muno okucuga.* Most drunkards like having sex a lot.

**cukunda** *(oku)cukunda* v.tr. *cukundire* to shake (with the aim of getting crystallised form to liquid form) • *Cukunda omubazi gwa mwana leke agunywe.* Shake the child's medicine before she takes it.

**culeera** *(oku)culeera* v.intr. *culeire* to be calm, to be settled, to settle down • *Culeera munywani wange ebi-* *ntu bikwiza kutereera.* Be calm, my dear, all will be fine.

**culeeri** (e.g. *maculeeri, kiculeeri, baculeeri*) adj. peaceful, quiet, calm • *Ntaka okubba omu kyalo ekiculeeri.* I like to live in a peaceful village.

**culeerya** *(oku)culeerya* v.tr. *culeirye* to calm down, to make quiet • *OMuseveni akoore muno okuculeerya embeera omu Congo.* Museveni has done a lot to calm down the situation in Congo.

**cuma** *(oku)cuma* v.tr. *cumire* (a) to throw, to cast • *Omwana akucuma amabbaale oku nyumba.* The child is throwing stones at the house. (b) to throw away, to get rid of, to dispose, to discard • *Cumayo ebifuka ebyo ndoowo yabirya.* Throw away those leftovers, no one will eat them. **cumba** *(oku)cumba* v.tr. *cumbire* to boil, to cook • *Cumba amatai ago tuganywe.* Boil the milk and we'll take it.

**cumuka** *(oku)cumuka* v.tr. *cumukire* to kindle, to set on fire, to set ablaze • *Cumuka enyumba eyo.* Set that house ablaze.

**cuumuukiirya** *(oku)cumuukiirya* v.tr. *cumuukiriirye* to treat with a steam bath (for medical purposes) • *Omwana oyo alwaire, mucuumuukiirye.* That child is sick, treat him with a steam bath.

**cunda** *(oku)cunda* v.tr. *cindire* to shake vigorously • *Akucunda amatai leke atooleku amagita.* She is churning milk to get ghee.

**cundula** *(oku)cundula* v.tr. *cundwire* to pour away, to have a discharge • *Otacundula maizi ago, gaweerye ente.* Don't pour away that water, give it to the cows.

**cungula** [see *cungura*] <Lunyala> **cungura** <Ruruuli> *(oku)cungura* v.tr. *cungwire* (a) to redeem, to save, to rescue • *OMusa yacungwire abaana ba Isirayiri.* Moses rescued the children of Israel. (b) to liberate • *Obuziga bucungura eiyanga.* Bravery liberates the country. (c) to pay a fine to the in-laws to earn recognition for being the father of a child • *Omusigazi yacungwire owana.* The youth paid a fine for the child.

**cupa** *(e)cupa* n.9/10 <from Sw.> bottle • *Leeta ecupa tuteemu amafuta.* Bring the bottle and let's put paraffin in it.

**cupula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)cupula* v.tr. *cupwire* (a) to kick • *Omwojo acupwire omwirawaamwe.* The boy has kicked his friend. (b) **cupula (o)mugere** to kick • *Bamucupwire omugere oku kabunda.* He was kicked in the belly.

**cupula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)cupula* v.tr. *cupwire* to make counterfeits, to fake, to forge • *Abanayuganda bacupula esente.* Ugandans make counterfeit money.

**cupuli** (e.g. *kicupuli, bicupuli*) adj. fake, non-original, counterfeit, inferior • *Gani amatai gatikiri ti bicupuli ebiri oku katale.* It is real milk not the fake one on the market.

**curaana** *(oku)curaana* v.intr. *curai-*

*ne* (a) to live in peace • *Tukusaana kucuraana mu Uganda.* We deserve to live in peace in Uganda. (b) to be well-off, to be wealthy, to be rich, to be prosperous • *Weena oiza kucuraana ni wakola omuno.* You will be well-off if you work hard.

**curaanikisya** *(oku)curaanikisya* v.tr. *curaanikisirye* to arbitrate, to adjudicate, to judge, to mediate • *Curaanikisya abantu baleke kulwana.* Arbitrate between those people so that they stop fighting.

**curaanuka** *(oku)curaanuka* v.tr. *curaanukire* to fully understand, to comprehend • *Amaite okutusomesya Olujungu nitucuraanuka eisomo.* He knows how to teach us English and we fully understand it.

**curanisya** *(oku)curanisya* v.tr. *curaanisirye* to calm down, to pacify, to quiet, to quiet down • *Fuba okubona ng'okucuranisya abantu abo.* Try to calm down those people.

**curanura** *(oku)curanura* v.tr. *curanwire* to satisfy, to meet the expectations of • *Fuba muno okubona ng'okucuranura abantu abo.* Try to see that you satisfy those people.

**curucuru**<sup>1</sup> ideo. real, typical, pure • *Nakutakire okuswera Muruuli curucuru.* I would like to marry a typical Muruuli.

**curucuru**<sup>2</sup> ideo. insufficiently • *Ompaire bwizi curucuru.* You have given me insufficient water.

**curuka** *(oku)curuka* v.intr. *curukire* to escape • *N'otagumya kanyonyi ka-* *curuka.* If you don't secure the bird tightly, it can escape.

**cuucu** *(o)cuucu* n.1a dust • *Emotoka edudumwire ocuucu.* The car has raised dust.

**cuuka**<sup>1</sup> *(e)cuuka* n.9/10 ox plough • *Nje ndumisya cuuka.* I use an ox plough to farm.

**cuuka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)cuuka* v.tr. *cuukire* to emit (smoke), to smoke, to smoulder • *Etanuulu yange etandikire okucuu-*

*ka.* My kiln has begun to smoke.

**cuukiirya***(oku)cuukiirya* v.ditr. *cuukiriirye* to fumigate, to burn (incense), to treat with steam or smoke from herb (usually by putting them on a clay surface; the practice is meant to drive spirits away, as well as provide a good smell and repel mosquitoes), to do smoke cleansing • *Cuukiirya enyumba ebimbugumbugu awuluke.* Fumigate the house so that the vampire bats get out.

**cukunda** *(oku)cuukunda* v.tr. *cukundire* to shake (with the aim of getting crystallised form to liquid form) **cuuma** *(oku)cuuma* v.intr. *cuumire* to smell, to stink • *Ekinage kini kikucuuma bundi ndoowo ayinza okukirya.* The tilapia smells badly, no one can eat it.

**cuumuuka** [see also *cuuka*] *(oku) cuumuuka* v.intr. *cuumuukire* to emit smoke, to smoke • *Lwaki etanuulu yaamu ekucuumuuka muno?* Why is your kiln emitting so much smoke?

**cuunya** *(oku)cuunya* v.intr. *cuunyi-*

*re* to taste good, to have a pleasant taste • *Omukubi gwa ncwi gucuunya kusai.* The sauce made from fish is delicious.

**cuunyi** (e.g. *mucuunyi, gucuunyi, ncuunyi*) adj. well spiced • *Ntaka okulya omukubi ogucuunyi.* I like eating a well-spiced sauce.

**cuupa** *(oku)cuupa* v.tr. *cuupire* to deceive, to defraud, to trick, to swindle • *We leka kucuupa mwirawaamu.* Stop deceiving your friend.

**cuuwa** *(oku)cuuwa* v.intr. *cuuwire* to be satisfied • *Ndiire enanansi ni ncuuwa.* I have eaten a pineapple and I am satisfied.

**cwa**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)cwa* v.tr. *cwire* to break • *Cwa ekisaale ekyo ebicweka bisatu.* Break that stick into three pieces.

**cwa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)cwa* v.tr. *cwire* to give a verdict, to rule • *Emambya nimwo bakwiza okucwa omusango gwa kwenda enyumba.* They will rule on the demolition of the house tomorrow.

**cwa**<sup>3</sup> [see also *cwanta*] *(oku)cwa* v.intr. *cwire* to spit • *Naani acwire awo?* Who spat there?

**cwacwana** *(oku)cwacwana* v.tr. *cwacwaine* to chop into pieces, to cut up, to blend • *Cwacwana enyama eyo ogigabire abantu.* Chop the meat and distribute it to the people.

**cwaka** *(oku)cwaka* v.tr. *cwakire* (a) to incite (a dog) • *Cwaka ombwene akwate okisolo.* Incite the dog to catch the animal. (b) to instigate, to prompt, to encourage, to provoke • *Waliwo akucwaka abantu okujeema?*

Is there someone who is instigating the people to strike?

**cwakiirya** *(oku)cwakiirya* v.tr. *cwakiiriirye* to instigate, to prompt, to incite, to encourage, to provoke • *Naanite oyo akucwakiirya abantu okulwana?* Who is the one inciting the people to fight?

**cwanganiza**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)cwanganiza* v.tr. *cwanganiize, cwanganizire* to arrange, to organise, to bring order to • *Cwanganiza ediiro abageni bakwiza.* Get the living room in order, the visitors are coming.

**cwanganiza**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)cwanganiza* v.tr. *cwanganiize, cwanganizire* to cross, to traverse • *Onjoka acwanganiize oluguudo mukooto.* The snake that has crossed the road is big.

**cwanta** *(oku)cwanta* v.intr. *cwantire* to spit• *Naani akucwanta awo?* Who is spitting there?

**cwantiira** *(oku)cwantiira* v.intr. *cwantiire* to drizzle, to rain lightly • *Obwikendi butandikire okucwantiira titukusobola kwaba.* It has started to drizzle, we cannot go.

**cwekera** *(oku)cwekera* v.intr. *cwekeire* to vanish, to end, to stop • *Okuliisya ebibunguura nka ekyabusuubuli omu Uganda kwacwekeire irai.* Rearing caterpillars as an economic activity in Uganda stopped long time ago.

**cwereera** *(oku)cwereera* v.intr. *cweereire* to drizzle, to rain lightly • *Oikendi akucwereera mwanule engoye.* It is drizzling, please get the clothes inside the house.

**cwi cwi cwi** ideo. completely, totally • *Amaizi gaweiremu cwi cwi cwi.* The water is completely gone.

# **D**

**daabaana** *(oku)daabaana* v.intr. *daabaanire, daabaine* (of cloth) to be saggy • *Ebigoye by'azwaire bikudaabaana.* The clothes she is wearing are saggy.

**daaga** *(oku)daaga* v.intr. *daagire* (a) to be in misery, to be in pain, to suffer • *OSembatya namusangire akudaaga lwa nzala.* I found Sembatya suffering from hunger. (b) to plead in vain • *Akudaagira bwereere tiyamusaasire.* She is pleading in vain, he will not pardon her.

**daagadaagana** *(oku)daagadaagana* v.intr. *daagadaagaine, daagadaaganire* to be restless• *Abaikali bakudaagadaagana omu nsi yaabwe olw'abwibbi bw'aitakali.* The citizens are restless in their country due to land grabbing.

**daaliima** *(oku)daaliima* v.intr. *daaliimire* to speak slowly, to drawl, to drone • *Omu kifo kya kutukobera ekimuleetere, aire mu kudaaliimambe!* Instead of telling us why he came, he is just drawling.

**daalimba** *(oku)daalimba* v.intr. *daalimbire* (a) to do something reluctantly • *Bakubuulya ebibuulyo oyi-* **cwi**<sup>1</sup> ideo. cry of a rat • *Omese akunga cwi.* The rat screams "cwi". **cwi**<sup>2</sup> ideo. whole • *Onkoko amuliire cwi.* He has eaten the whole chicken.

*re mukudaalimbambe.* They are asking questions and you are just answering reluctantly. (b) to show no concern • *Yaboine motoka nga ekwiza yayire mu nzira kudaalimba ne mubbanda.* He saw the car coming and showed no concern, eventually it knocked him over.

**daamu** *(e)daamu* n.9/10 <from En.> valley dam, dam • *Mwabe oku daamu muleete amaizi.* Go to the valley dam and get water.

**daani** *(o)daani* n.1a/2 mother-in-law • *Omusaiza oMuruuli taigereera daani waamwe.* A Muruuli man doesn't come close to his mother-in-law.

**dabangula** *(oku)dabangula* v.tr. *dabangwire* to rinse • *Yaba odabangule engoye ezo.* Go and rinse those clothes.

**dagala** [see also *mubazi*] *(e)dagala* n.5 medicine, medication, medicament, drug, pharmaceutical • *Mpeerya esente nyabe ngule edagala.* Give me money and I will go buy medicine.

**dakiika** *(e)dakiika* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> minute • *Owalukookolwa ayindulayindula erangi buli da-*

dakiika *kiika.* The chameleon changes its colour every minute.

**dala** adv. really, indeed, truly • *Niye oyo dala gwe waboine?* Is it really her you saw?

**danca** *(oku)danca* v.ditr. *dancire* to give a baby or patient a drink in small quantities • *Mudance omwana oyo amatai.* Give the baby some milk.

**daziini** *(e)daziini* n.9/10 <from En.> dozen • *Muguure edaziini ya bitabo.* Buy a dozen books for her.

**debe** *(e)debe* n.9/10 metallic container • *Obwita bute omu debe.* Put the millet in a metal container.

**deedya** *(oku)deedya* v.tr. *deederye* (a) to lift high • *Ni baakobere oByemaro asingire ni bamudeedya.* When they said that Byemaro had won, they lifted him high. (b) to carry a heavy burden • *Abasaiza basatu bakudeedya ensawo ya muunyu.* Three men are carrying a sack of salt. (c) to swing (as in a seesaw swing) • *Yaba odeedye omwana.* Go and help the child to swing. (d) to treat with kid gloves, to treat carefully and gently • *Omusaiza oyo adeedya abakoli.* That man treats his workers with kid gloves.

**deenya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)deenya* v.intr. *deenyerye* to suffer (from a disease or an ailment) • *Omukaire akudeenya n'obulwaire bwa sukaali.* The old woman is suffering from diabetes.

**deenya**<sup>2</sup> *(o)deenya* n.1a celiac disease • *Omukali waamu yalwaire o-* *deenya.* His wife is suffering from celiac disease.

**deero** <Buyende> adv. really • *Deero yakoore kusai muno.* He really performed excellently.

**dembuka** *(oku)dembuka* v.intr. *dembukire* (a) (of a rope) to loosen • *Olukobba lwa gaali yange ludembukire.* The bicycle strap has loosened. (b) to be out of tune • *Engoma edembukire.* The drum is out of tune.

**dembula** *(oku)dembula* v.tr. *dembwire* to buy cheaply • *Nadembwire esaati ibiri.* I bought two shirts cheaply.

**dengeda** *(oku)dengeda* v.intr. *dengedere* to enjoy life, to revel, to party • *Omwala oyo ayendya akudengeda.* That girl loves revelling.

**dereeva** *(o)dereeva* n.1a/2 <from En.> driver • *Odereeva wa bbaasi alina obumanyirivu bwa myaka ikumi.* The bus driver has ten years of experience.

**di**1 (e.g. *odi, badi, kidi)* pro. that, yonder (distal demonstrative pronoun) • *Omusaiza odi mwekengere, aminsa ebyala.* Be cautious of that man, he may affect you with spells.

**di**2 interrog. when • *We waiza di ewaiswe?* When are you coming home?

**diba** [see *duba*]

**didika** [see *diidiika*]

**digida** *(oku)digida* v.intr. *digidire* to dance, to make merry, to jubilate • *Baabire kudigida.* They have gone to dance.

**diguli** *(e)diguli* n.9/10 <from En.> degree (an academic rank conferred by a college or university ) • *Akiri wakusomere n'ofunayo ediguli emwei.* You should have studied to get at least one degree.

**diibuuda** [see *duubuuda*]

**diidiika** [see *didika*]

**diifiri** *(o)diifiri* n.1a/2 <from En.> referee • *Odiifiri yalamwire kusai omupiira.* The referee arbitrated the game well.

**diimuula** [see *duumuula*]

**diini** *(e)diini* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> religion • *Omu Uganda mulimu ediini zingi.* There are many religions in Uganda.

**diiro** [see *iriiro*]

**dikini** *(o)dikini* n.1a perfume • *Omukali yeekubbire odikini.* The woman is wearing perfume.

**dimbuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)dimbuka* v.intr. *dimbukire* to be in plenty • *Ebyenju bidimbukire omu katale.* There are plenty of yellow bananas at the market.

**dimbuka**<sup>2</sup> *(o)dimbuka* n.1a/10 type of potato • *Odimbuka anura muno.* Dimbuka is very tasty.

**dinisa** [see *dirisa*]

**dirisa** *(e)dirisa* n.5a/6 <from Persian via Sw.> window • *Abaana baatirye edirisa lya kisiika kyange.* The children have broken my bedroom window.

**disiko** *(e)disiko* n.9/10 <from En.> disco • *Baabire mu disiko kubina.* They have gone to the disco to

dance.

**disitulikiti** *(e)disitulikiti* n.9/10 <from En.> district • *Edisitulikiti yaiswe Kayunga.* Our district is Kayunga.

**dizaini** *(e)dizayini* n.9/10 <from En.> design • *Edizaini ya kiteeteeyi kyange giyaaka.* The design of my dress is new.

**dobonkana** *(oku)dobonkana* v.intr. *dobonkaine* to be spoilt, to not go well • *Ebintu byamwe bikudobonkanambe.* Whatever he tries just doesn't go well.

**dodooma** *(oku)dodooma* v.intr. *dodoomere* to mumble, to mutter, to murmur, to speak indistinctly • *Oyo akudodooma bikiki?* What is he mumbling about?

**doidya** *(oku)doidya* v.tr. *doiderye* to have (a runny nose) • *Omwana ekiyinzi kimuli kubbi akudoidya ebimira.* The child has flu and has a runny nose.

**doika** *(oku)doika* v.tr. *doikere* to poke (a finger) into, to jab • *N'adoika ekyala ani.* And he poked here with his finger.

**doka** *(oku)doka* v.tr. *dokere* to be greedy for • *Adokere gwa nyama.* He is greedy for meat.

**dokita** *(o)dokita* n.1a/2 <from En.> doctor • *E Mulago waliyo abadokita abakadoyi.* Mulago Hospital has highly trained doctors.

**dole** [see also *kinyamuntu*] *(o)dole* n.1a/10 <from En.> doll • *Abaana bendya muno edole.* The children like

dolls very much.

**doloka** [see *doroka*] <Lunyala> **doloma** *(e)doloma* n.9/10 sawing machine • *Edoloma esala emisaale.* The

sawing machine cuts trees.

**doloowa** *(e)doloowa* n.9/10 <from En.> drawer • *Efairo zini muzite mu doloowa.* Put these files in the drawer.

**doma**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)doma* v.intr. *domere* to be stupid, to be foolish • *Oyo omukali muzwekumbe yadomere.* Just leave that woman alone, she is stupid.

**doma**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mudomi, badomi, kidomi*) adj. stupid, silly, foolish • *Omusaiza oyo mudoma.* That man is stupid.

**domawala** *(oku)domawala* v.intr. *domawai-re* to become foolish • *Yazwire mu budoma n'adomawala.* He became too foolish.

**domawalya** *(oku)domawalya* v.tr. *domawairye* to fool, to trick, to deceive • *Okudomawalya naani?* Who are you fooling?

**domoka** *(oku)domoka* v.intr. *domokere* to develop a hole • *Esepiki edomokere.* The saucepan has developed a hole.

**domola** *(oku)domola* v.tr. *domoire* (a) to make a hole, to cut a hole, to pierce • *Domola omu nsonda ya nyumba.* Dig a hole in the corner of the house. (b) to take the virginity of, to break the virginity of, to deflower • *Omutamiire yadomoire omwala omuto.* The drunkard took the girl's virginity.

**dondi** adv. ceaselessly, without stopping • *Oyo akusimoola dondi.* That one speaks ceaselessly.

**Dongo** *(o)Dongo* n.1a/2 a name given to a boy who follows twins

**dongwa** *(oku)dongwa* v.intr. *dongwere* to talk foolishly • *Oboine n'akudongwa!* Have you heard how foolishly he talks!

**dooba** [see also *doobaana*] *(oku)dooba* v.intr. *doobere* to live a miserable life • *Abaana ni baamuweireku n'atandika okudooba.* When she lost all her children, she started to live a miserable life.

**doobaana** *(oku)doobaana* v.intr. *doobaine* to live a miserable life • *Ebiro bini tukudoobana muno.* These days we are living a very miserable life.

**doobya** *(oku)doobya* v.tr. *dooberye* to inflict suffering, to cause to suffer • *Lwaki okudoobya abantu baamu?* Why are you making your people suffer?

**doodo** *(o)doodo* n.1a *Amaranthus spinosus* (spiny amaranth, prickly amaranth, thorny amaranth) • *Ntaka muno okulya odoodo.* I like eating *Amaranthus spinosus*.

**doodooma** *(oku)doodooma* v.intr. *doodoomere* to mutter, to mumble • *Oyo naani akudoodooma?* Who is muttering?

**doola** *(e)doola* n.9/10 <from En.> dollar • *Omu Amerika bakolesya doola.* In America they use dollars.

**dooli** (e.g. *mudooli, badooli, ludooli*)

adj. small, few, little • *Ntaka abaana badooli muno.* I need very few children.

**dooma** *(oku)dooma* v.tr. *doomere* (a) to cause, to bring about, to give rise to, to lead to • *Naani yadoomere ebizibu bini?* Who caused these problems? (b) to commit (an offence or a crime) • *Naani yadoomere omusango guni?* Who committed this offence? **doowa** [see *dyowa*]

**doroka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)doroka* v.intr. *dorokere* to break wind loudly, to fart loudly • *Omwana adorokere.* The child has farted loudly.

**duba** *(oku)duba* v.intr. *dubire* (a) to lose value, to become outdated • *Emotoka eyo eyaba eduba.* That car is becoming outdated. (b) (of fish) to go bad • *Encwi ziduda nga zirwirewo okusumbibwa.* Fish goes bad when it stays a long time without being cooked. (c) (of a girl) to fail to marry • *Mwalawe oyinza okuduba!* You may fail to get a man to marry! (d) to be old-fashioned, to be out of fashion • *Enkalabanda zikwaba ziduba.* The wooden shoes are old-fashioned.

**dududu** ideo. (a) bass sound, boom • *Ekidongo kiboigola dududu.* The music is booming loudly. (b) full to the brim • *Ekidomola kiizwire dududu.* The jerry can is full to the brim. **dudula** *(oku)dudula* v.intr. *dudwire* (of stomach) to rumble, to growl • *N'alya ebiyimba enda yaamwe edudula.* Her stomach rumbles when

she eats beans.

**duduma** *(oku)duduma* v.intr. *dudumire* (a) (of the thunder) to reverberate • *Wuura eiguru ni likududuma!* Hear the sky reverberating! (b) (of machines) to produce loud bass sound • *Okuwuura ekimajegere ni kikududuma?* Do you hear how the grader makes a deafening noise?

**dudumuka** *(oku)dudumuka* v.intr. *dudumukire* to run hurriedly, to run frantically • *Badudumukire mbiro ni baaba.* They ran off hurriedly and left.

**dudumula** *(oku)dudumula* v.tr. *dudumwire* (a) to chase • *Abakoli ba kusaza babadudumwire boona.* All the county workers were chased away. (b) to raise (dust) • *Naani adudumwire odunduuli?* Who has raised that dust?

**dugudya** *(o)dugudya* n.1a/10 red amaranth (*Amaranthus cruentus*) • *Odugudya taboneka omu Buruuli.* Red amaranth is rare in Buruuli.

**dukana** [see also *nyalala*] *(oku)dukana* v.intr. *dukaine* to have a running stomach, to have diarrhoea • *Onkeremba akudukana.* The baby has a running stomach.

**dukula** *(oku)dukula* v.tr. *dukwire* to hit hard (with a heavy stroke), to punch • *Mmudukwire entomi.* I punched him.

**dukumula** *(oku)dukumula* v.tr. *dukumwire* to pour down through a narrow opening (e.g. from a bottle) • *Omwana adukumwire ecupa ya ma-* *tai.* The child has poured the milk from the bottle.

**dulaamu** [see *duraamu*]

**duma**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)duma* v.intr. *dumire* (a) to run hurriedly, to rush • *Yete oyo akuduma ki?* Why is he rushing? (b) to blab, to talk foolishly, to talk excessively • *Oyo akudumambe na bigambo.* He is just blabbing.

**duma**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)duma* v.intr. *dumire* to precipitate, to crystallise, to coagulate, to clot • *Amatai gadumire.* The milk has clotted.

**dundeerya** *(oku)dundeerya* v.intr. *dundeirye* (of the neck) to swell due to goitre • *Ikoti lya mukali lidundeire lwa bulwaire bwa mu moronkooryo.* The woman's neck has swollen due to goitre.

**dunduula** *(oku)dunduula* v.intr. *dundwire* to stink, to reek, to smell bad • *Ewooteeri egyo edunduula.* That hotel stinks.

**dunduuli** *(o)dunduuli* n.1a (a) dust • *Odunduuli akwaite omu ibbanga.* The dust is thick in the air. (b) stench • *Wooteeri ezo zirimu odunduuli.* There is a stench in those hotels.

**duraamu** *(e)duraamu* n.9/10 <from En.> drum, barrel

**dureeva** *(o)dureeva* n.1a/2 <from En.> driver • *Nalindire odureeva nga takwiza, ni nsubulaku, ni nyaba.* I waited for the driver until I gave up and left.

**duroowa** [see *drawer*]

**duubuuda** *(oku)duubuuda* v.tr. *duu-*

*buudire* to use extravagantly or wastefully • *Omwana oyo aduubuuda muno empiiya.* That child is using the money extravagantly.

**duudu** [*oduudu*] *(o)duudu* n.1a/10 coucal • *Oduudu akunga bwire.* The coucal cries at night.

**duula** *(oku)duula* v.intr. *dwire* to brag, to boast • *Abantu abo baduula muno.* Those people brag a lot.

**duuma**<sup>1</sup> [see also *duumira*]*(oku)duuma* v.tr. *duumire* (a) to command, to order • *Omusaiza akuduuma abataani baamwe okusumba emere.* The man is ordering his sons to cook food. (b) to counsel, to advice • *Omukulu wa kika akuduuma omugwetwa.* The clan leader is giving advice to the heir. (c) to speak (a foreign language) • *Nsobola okuduuma Olujungu.* I can speak English.

**duuma**<sup>2</sup> *(o)duuma/(e)duuma* n.1a/10 or 7/8 maize • *Ebbeeyi ya biduuma eniinire.* The price of maize has gone up.

**duumira** *(oku)duumira* v.tr. *duumiire* to command, to order • *Omuduumiri akuduumira amaye.* The commander is commanding the army.

**duumuuka** *(oku)duumuuka* v.intr. *duumuukire* to run very fast • *Mmwakaireku nga akuduumuuka mbiro.* I passed by him running very fast.

**duumuula** *(oku)duumuula* v.tr. *duumwire* (a) to pour out (through a wide opening) • *Duumuula amaizi ago twabe.* Pour out that water and

let's go. (b) to kick (e.g.ȧ ball) high and far • *Aduumwire omupiira omu ibbanga.* He has kicked the ball high and far into the air. (c) to hike (e.g. the price) • *Baitu kiki ekiduumwire emiwendo?* What has caused the prices to inflate?

**duunyiirya** *(oku)duunyiirya* v.tr. *duunyiirye* to treat with smoke from burning herbs • *Omulwaire bakumuduunyiirya mubazi.* The patient is being treated with smoke from burning herbs.

**duwa** *(e)duwa* n.9/10 <from Ar. > dua (a prayer of invocation, supplication or request in Islam) • *Tukwa-*

# **E**

**e** <sup>1</sup> part. to, in, at, from (locative of noun class 23) • *Wayaba e Kampala?* Will you go to Kampala?

**e-**<sup>2</sup> pf. augment of noun classes 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10

**(-)e**<sup>3</sup> sf. subjunctive suffix on verbs **e-**<sup>4</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of

noun class 9 on verbs

**e-**5 subject and object agreement prefix of noun class 23 on verbs

**e** 6 interj. oh • *E, oyo naani?* Oh, who is that?

**ebabiira** *(okw)ebabiira* v.intr. *ebabiriire* to shriek, to scream, to screech • *Omwana akwebabiira na ki?* What is making the baby shriek?

**ebabulya** *(okw)ebabulya* v.intr. *eba-*

*ba kulomba duuwa.* We are going to pray.

**dwaliro** *(e)dwaliro* n.5a/6 <from Lug.> hospital • *Nyabire mu dwaliro kubbeesyabbeesya mulwaire.* I have gone to the hospital to comfort the sick.

**dyeka** *(oku)dyeka* v.tr. *dyekere* to deceive, to trick, to fool • *Weena lekerawo okutudyeka.* Stop deceiving us please.

**dyoli** [see *dooli*]

**dyowa** *(oku)dyowa* v.intr. *dyowere* to become emaciated, to loose weight • *Omulwaire adyowere.* The patient has become emaciated.

*bwirye* to peel off • *Olususu lwebabulya ng'amaizi galwokerye.* The skin peels off when the water burns it.

**ebagala** *(okw)ebagala* v.tr. *ebagaire* (a) to mount (an animal), to get up on in order to ride it • *Omusaiza oyo yeebagaire embalaasi.* That man mounts the horse. (b) to ride (an animal) • *Omuwarabu yeebagaire ondogoyi.* The Arab is riding on a donkey.

**ebaizagala** *(okw)ebaizagala* v.intr. *ebaizagaire* (a) to belch, to burp • *Niyamiire entonge eyasembereyo ni yeebaizagala.* After she bit into the last bit, she belched. (b) fig. to use vulgar language • *Omusaiza yayabire ni yeebazagaara omwirawaamwe.* The

man went and used vulgar language before his friend.

**ebalaamiirya** *(okw)ebalaamiirya* v.tr. *ebalaamiriirye* to pass via the outskirts of • *Omusaiza ngodi akwebalaamiirya oNakasongola.* There is a man passing via the outskirts of Nakasongola.

**ebalangula** *(okw)ebalangula* v.intr. *ebalangwire* (a) (of the sun) to scorch, to shine brightly with much heat • *Eisana likwebalangula muno.* The sun is shining too much. (b) to cry unceasingly • *Omwana akwebalangula.* The child is crying unceasingly.

**ebalya** *(okw)ebalya* v.tr. *ebaarye* to thank, to express (one's) gratitude to • *Nyizire kukwebalya.* I've come to thank you.

**ebamba** *(okw)ebamba* v.intr. *ebambire* to sit with legs spread apart • *Omukali oyo yeebambire.* That woman is sitting with her legs spread apart.

**ebazagala** [see *ebaizagala*]

**ebbala** *(okw)ebbala* v.tr. *ebbaire* to avoid, to keep away from, to stay away from • *Mwana wange lekerawo okutambula obwire webbale ebizibu.* My child, stop walking at night s that you can stay away from problems.

**ebbirya** [see *eibbirya*]

**ebbisa** [see *ebbisa*]

**ebbubbutya** *(okw)ebbubbutya* v.intr. *ebbubbutirye* to feign foolishness • *OBisabyere yeebbubbutya, n'omubuulya ky'amaite, akukoba nti takimaite.* Bisabyere feigns foolishness:

when you ask him what he knows, he tells you that he doesn't know it. **ebbuuka** *(okw)ebbuuka* v.tr. *ebbuukire* to smear oneself with (e.g. vaseline) • *Omwana yeebbuukire ebigita.* The girl has smeared herself with vaseline.

**ebbyeteka** *(okw)ebbyeteka* v.intr. *ebbyetekere* to sit (especially in a dirty place), to sit anyhow • *Leka kwebbyeteka.* Don't sit in a dirty place.

**ebeera** *(okw)ebeera* v.tr. *ebeereire* to forget, to fail to think of • *Oteebeera okusoma eBbaibbuli.* Don't forget to read the Bible.

**ebeeri** (e.g. *mwebeeri. beebeeri*) adj. forgetful, oblivious • *Omukali omwebeeri yebereire omwana waamwe omu bbaasi.* The forgetful woman forgot her child in the bus.

**ebembera** *(okw)ebembera* v.tr. *ebembeire* to lead, to head, to be at the head of, to go first, to precede, to be the best • *OIsabanyala niye yeebembera oBunyala.* Isabanyala is the one who leads the Bunyala Kingdom.

**ebereka** *(okw)ebereka* v.intr. *eberekere* (a) to get stuck onto, to be fixed to • *Ekibunguura kyeberekere oku nte.* The caterpillar is stuck onto the cow. (b) fig. to defile • *Omusaiza yeberekere oku kaana akato.* A man defiled a very young girl.

**eberengula** *(okw)eberengula* v.intr. *eberengwire* to shine brightly, to be bright • *Okwezi kukweberengula.* The moon is shining brightly.

**ebiro di** [see *biro*]

**ebonereza** *(okw)ebonereza* v.intr. *ebonereize* to subject oneself to self-denial (lit. to punish oneself) • *Abakatuliki beebonereza omu kisiibo.* The Catholics subject themselves to self-denial during Lent.

**ebugiirya** *(okw)ebugiirya* v.tr. *ebugiriirye* to encircle • *Ababini babina beebugiirya.* The dancers dance in circles.

**ebukiira** *(okw)ebukiira* v.tr. *ebukiire* (a) to remember, to recall, to think of • *Yeebukiire saati yaamwe ng'aikire.* He remembered about his shirt on arrival. (b) to come to realise, to register, to become aware of, to become conscious of • *We naabiire okwebukiira nti mwibbi, ng'ayabire.* By the time I came to realise that he was a thief, he had left.

**ebukya** *(okw)ebukya* v.tr. *ebukirye* to come to realise suddenly • *Nabbaire nkwaba Kitimbwa okwebukya nga ndi Mbale.* I was going to Kitimba only to realise that I had already reached Mbale.

**ebulankania** *(okw)ebulankania* v.intr. *ebulankainie* to pretend to be busy (in order to avoid doing the assignment) • *Mwojo leka kwebulankania olina okukola olubbimbi lwamu.* Please stop pretending to be busy, you must do your assignment. **ebulunga** *(okw)ebulunga* v.intr. *ebulungire* to play in dirt • *Omwana akwebulunga.* A child is playing in

dirt.

**ebulungi** (e.g. *kyebulungi, neebulungi, lwebulungi*) adj. oval, cylindrical, spherical • *Eiwuli eryebulungi lyonkai niryo lizwamu akaana.* It is only the oval egg which hatches.

**ebulunguli** (e.g. *kyebulunguli, neebulunguli, lwebulunguli*) adj. circular, round • *Omupiira gubba gwebulunguli.* A ball is round.

**ebulyabulya** *(okw)ebulyabulya* v.intr. *ebwiryebwirye* to be evasive, to not to be straightforward • *Omukama oyo yebulyabulya.* That chief is not straightforward.

**ebumba** *(okw)ebumba* v.intr. *ebumbire* (a) to feel isolated, to feel lonely • *Yeebumbire omaamwe ng'afiire.* She felt lonely when she lost her mum. (b) to be humble, to humble oneself • *Yeebumbiire omu maiso ga paapa.* He humbled himself before the pope. (c) to close (one's legs, wings of a butterfly) • *Omukali yeebumbire, n'aimuka.* The woman brought her legs together and got up. **ebulungula** *(okw)ebulungula* v.intr. *ebulungwire* to roll, to turn over • *Emotoka yagwire ne yeebulungula.* The car fell and rolled over.

**ebutuka** *(okw)ebutuka* v.intr. *ebutukire* to respond, to answer • *Omaamwe yamwetere niyeebutuka.* He responded when his mother called him.

**ebuulya** *(okw)ebuulya* v.intr. *ebwirye* to consult, to inquire, to seek advice • *Yaba weebuulyeku oku baira-* *baamu.* Go and consult your colleagues.

**(-)ebw** [see *(-)ibw*]

**ebwa** *(okw)ebwa* v.tr. *eberwe, ebwere* to forget • *Yeebwere okweta ababyaire okwiza oku mukolo.* He forgot to invite the parents to come to the function.

**ebyo** [see *o* 3 ]

**ecaaka** *(okw)ecaaka* v.intr. *ecaakire* (a) to do skilfully • *Ababini beecaakire oku siteegi.* The dancers danced skilfully on the stage. (b) to riot, to demonstrate • *Abeegi ba Makerere bendya muno okwecaaka.* Makerere University students like rioting.

**ecanga** *(okw)ecanga* v.intr. *ecangire* (a) to break down, to stop functioning properly • *Emotoka yecangire ni tukwaba.* The car broke down while going to Kampala. (b) to change one's mind • *Naabire okumutwara empiiya ze twalagaine, baitu nayajirye yeecangire.* I went to take to him the money we had agreed upon, but I found that he had changed his mind. (c) to be upset • *Omwana yeecangire n'akubba abaira baamwe.* The child became upset and beat her friends.

**ecungula** *(okw)ecungura* v.intr. *ecungwire* to liberate oneself, to free oneself • *Yaali ateekeibwe okwecungula.* She had to liberate herself from captivity.

**ecwacwana** *(okw)ecwacwana* v.intr. *ecwacwaine* (a) to be furious, to be aggressive • *Nibamukobereku ni yeecwacwana.* He became furious when

they gave him advice. (b) to protest, to demonstrate against • *Abasuubuzi becwacwaine olwa musolo ogw'akaliriirye.* The business people have demonstrated against high taxes.

**edeedya** *(okw)edeedya* v.intr. *edeederye* (a) to swing • *Nsangire abaana bakwedeedya oku musaale.* I found the children on a tree swinging. (b) to behave disrespectfully • *Mwana we lekera awo okwedeedyanga oku bantu.* Child, stop behaving disrespectfully to people.

**edi** [see *di*] (a) (b) there (class 23 distal demonstrative) • *Ayabire edi.* He has gone there.

**edomya** *(okw)edomya* v.intr. *edomerye* to behave foolishly • *Lekerawo okwedomya.* Stop behaving foolishly.

**edyola** *(okw)edyola* v.intr. *edyoire* (of clouds) to gather • *Ebiiguru bikwedyola tuyinza okufuna oikendi.* Clouds are gathering, we may get some rain.

**ee** interj. yes • *Ee, yayabire.* Yes, he went.

**efoola** *(okw)efoola* v.intr. *efoire* (a) to change • *Embeera ya bwire e Bulaaya yeefoola buli kiseera.* The weather in Europe changes frequently. (b) to be unreliable, to be inconsistent • *Oyo mwegendereze, yefoola.* Be careful, he is unreliable. (c) to impersonate, to pretend to be • *Ti musawo baitu yeefoolambe.* He is not a doctor, he is only pretending to be one.

**efuga** *(okw)efuga* v.intr. *efugire* (a) to behave oneself • *Boojo mwefuge mutalwanira mere!* Boys, behave yourself and don't fight for food! (b) to gain independence • *Uganda yeefugire mu 1962.* Uganda gained independence in 1962.

**efukuura** *(okw)efukura* v.intr. *efukwire* to change one's mind • *OMusoke ni yaboine opurezidenti ni yeefukuura.* Musoke changed his mind when he saw the president.

**efumangarana** *(okw)efumangarana* v.intr. *efumangaraine* to be controversial, to be inconsistent • *Kyoto leka kwefumangarana.* Kyoto, stop being controversial.

**efundya** *(okw)efundya* v.intr./tr. *efundirye* (a) to move over, to make space • *Mwefundyemu kadooli njeena nyikale.* Kindly move over so that I can sit. (b) to take possession of (something meant for sharing), to appropriate, to seize • *Omwala wange yeefundirye ekisiika kyona kyona, tasiima muntu wondi kwingiramu.* My daughter took possession of the entire room. She does not allow any other person to enter it.

**efunga** *(okw)efunga* v.intr. *efungire* to use pads (during menstruation) • *Omukali n'abba omu kwezi yeefunga.* When a woman is menstruating, she uses pads.

**ega** *(okw)ega* v.tr. *egere* to learn • *Yega okuliisya ente.* Learn to rear cattle.

**egaala** *(okw)egaala* v.intr. *gaire* to

sit with legs wide apart • *Omwala odi yeegaala.* That girl sits with her legs wide apart.

**egaana** *(okw)egaana* v.tr. *egaine* (a) to deny, to reject • *Obunyala baabwegaine omu biro bya bufugi obwa matwale.* They denied being Banyala during the colonial period. (b) to disown, to denounce • *Omwana yegaine oite waamwe.* The child has denounced his father.

**egabangula** *(okw)egabangula* v.intr. *egabangwire* to be promiscuous, to be licentious, to be loose • *Omwala waamu yeegabangula omu basaiza.* Your daughter is licentious.

**egabania** *(okw)egabania* v.tr. *egabainie* to share, to divide among themselves • *Mbadi adi bakwegabania emiyembe.* They are there sharing mangoes amongst themselves.

**egabula** *(okw)egabula* v.intr. *egabwire* (a) to surrender, to give up • *Yagaine okwegabula egiri egavumenti.* He refused to surrender to the government. (b) to be promiscuous, to be licentious, to be loose • *Oyo yeegabula buliizo eji basaiza.* That woman is licentious.

**egaita** *(okw)egaita* v.intr. *egaitire* (a) to join • *OJustine yeegaitire oku D.P.* Justine joined the DP party. (b) to unite, to get united, to join together, to cooperate • *Twegaite tuwandiike ekideero.* Let's unite and write the dictionary. (c) to have sex

**egalanzula** *(okw)egalanzula* v.intr. *egalanzwire* (a) to overturn, to turn

over • *Emotoka yeegalanzwire.* The car overturned. (b) to roll • *Obwana bukwegalanzula omu itakali.* The children are rolling in the soil.

**egalika** *(okw)egalika* v.intr. *egalikire* to lie on the back • *Omwana yeegalikire.* The child is lying on its back.

**egama** *(okw)egama* v.tr. *egamire* to take shelter from (rain or sun), to find cover from, to shelter oneself from • *Ayabire kwegama isana omu kiwoleerya.* She has gone to take shelter in the shade.

**egambya** *(okw)egambya* v.intr. *egambirye* to use words irresponsibly • *Abatamiire beegambya muno.* Drunkards use words very irresponsibly.

**egaraalya** <Ruruuli> *(okw)egaraalya* v.intr. *egarairye* to pass time, to waste time • *Nkwaba ku biici kwegaraalya n'omunywani wange.* I am going to the beach with my friend to pass time.

**egayiira** *(okw)egayiira* v.tr. *egayiriire* <from archaic> to plead, to beg • *Omwibbi yabeegayiriire batamwita.* The thief pleaded with them not to kill him.

**egemula** *(okw)egemula* v.intr. *egemwire* to surrender, to give up • *Yeegemwire yenkai omu batemu.* He surrendered to the murderers.

**egendereza** *(okw)egendereza* v.intr. *egendereize* to be careful, to be cautious, to watch out • *Weegendereze egaali etakukubbirawo.* Be careful not to fall off the bicycle.

**egera (a)maani** *(okw)egera egere* to fight • *Iza ani twegere amaani.* Come here and let's fight.

**egesya** *(okw)egesya* v.ditr. *egeserye* to teach, to educate, to instruct • *Mwegesye abaana okuramya.* Teach the children to worship.

**egeza** *(okw)egeza* v.intr. *egezere* to try on, to fit• *Yaba weegeze omu nkaito zidi.* Go and try on those shoes.

**egezaamu** *(okw)egezaamu* v.tr. *egezeremu* (a) to attempt, to try, to make an effort • *Yegezeremu okukubba omaamwe.* He tried to beat his mother. (b) to rehearse, to practice • *Abembi bakwegezaamu.* The singers are rehearsing.

**egeziwalya** *(okw)egeziwalya* v.intr. *egeziwairye* to make oneself wise, to make a pretense of being wise, to be a wiseacre, to be a know-all • *Omukali waamu oyo ataka muno okwegeziwalya.* Your wife likes to be a wiseacre so much.

**egimba** *(okw)egimba* v.intr. *egimbire* (of clouds) to move, to paddle (in a canoe) • *Ebicu bikwegimba.* The clouds are moving.

**eginya** *(okw)eginya* v.intr. *eginyire* to be crumpled, to be wrinkled, to be folded, to fold oneself up • *Olugoye lwange lweginyire.* My cloth is crumpled.

**eginyi** (e.g. *bwegenyi, lwegenyi, mwegenyi*) adj. wrinkled, with creases • *Abakaire abamwe babba n'obusyo obweginyi.* Some old people have wrinkled faces.

**egiri** prep. to, towards, in front of, before • *Mwire egiri oKanca leke mufune emirembe.* Turn to God and you will have peace.

**ego** [see *o* 3 ]

**egoda** *(okw)egoda* v.intr. *egodere* to bend, to stoop, to lower oneself, to bend oneself • *Omugongo gwa mukaire gwegodere.* The old woman is stooping.

**egodera** *(okw)egodera* v.intr. *egodeire* to persist, to endure • *Weegodere oku nsika okwikya ni wayikya olubbimbi.* Keep going until you finish the part you are digging.

**egoga** *(okw)egoga* v.intr. *egogere* to retch, to gag, to make an effort to vomit, to heav • *Omwana atandikire okwegoga.* The child has started to retch.

**egoka** [see *egoga*]

**egolola** *(okw)egolola* v.intr. *egoloire* (a) to stretch out, to stretch oneself • *Mwikaire muno mwabe mwegololemu.* You have been sitting for a long time, go and stretch out. (b) to stand straight on attention • *Omusirikale yegoloire.* The solder is standing straight at attention.

**egomba** *(okw)egomba* v.intr. *egombere* to admire, to desire, to crave • *Neegomba amaani ga Saudah.* I admire Saudah's stamina.

**egugunga** *(okw)egugunga* v.intr. *egugungire* to riot, to go on strike, to rebel, to demonstrate, to protest • *Aba Makerere beegugunga muno.* Makererians often go on strike.

**egula** *(okw)egula* v.intr. *eguure* to pay in order to get a land title • *Mwegule egi mukama wa itakali.* Pay and get the land titles from the landlord. **egumbuura** *(okw)egumbuura* v.intr. *egumbuliire* to acquire a bad habit, to start doing (something bad), to fall into the habit of, to become involved in • *Yeegumbuuliire okunywa enjaaye.* He uses marijuana habitually.

**egunga** *(okw)egunga* v.intr. *egungire* to riot, to go on strike, to rebel, to demonstrate, to protest • *Abakoli bakwegunga lwa kubakalya kubbi.* Workers are demonstrating against mistreatment.

**eguuda** [see *guuda*] *(okw)eguuda* v.intr. *eguudire* (a) to spear oneself • *Omuyiigi yeeguudire eisumu n'afa.* The hunter speared himself to death. (b) to lack appetite • *Omwoyo gwange gweguudire okulya enyama.* I have no appetite for meat.

**eguya** *(okw)eguya* v.intr. *eguyirye* to gratify, to please, to cajole, to flatter, to regard as important • *Olina okweguya omaawo ni waabba okwendya akusasuure ebisale bya isomero.* You have to please your mother if you want her to pay the school fees. **egyo** [see *o* 3 ]

**eibba** *(okw)eibba* v.intr. *eibbire* (a) to escape, to run away, to break out, to break free, to slip away • *Yeibbire omu nkomyo.* He escaped from the prison. (b) to move away stealthily, to sneak out • *Tubbaire naye ani baitu atweibbireku n'ayaba.* We were

here together, but he snuck away.

**eibbaka** *(okw)eibbaka* v.intr. *eibbakire* (a) to meddle, to have restless fingers, to have the habit of picking up things (b) to steal • *Omwana yeibbaka n'ebya bairabaamwe.* The child steals his friends' property.

**eibbiira** *(okw)eibbiira* v.tr. *eibbiriire* to do something stealthily, to approach stealthily, to poach • *Abantu abamwe beibbiira ni banywa omwenge.* Some people drink alcohol in secret.

**eibbirya** [see *ebbirya*] *(okw)eibbirya* v.intr. *eibbiirye* (a) to dive • *Mmaite okweibbirya omu maizi.* I know how to dive in water. (b) to become immersed in, to be utterly dedicated to (e.g. God, studies) (c) to deny one's identity, to deny a charge or accusation • *Oteibbirya! Baza nti oli Muruuli.* Don't deny your identity! Say that you are a Muruuli.

**eibbisa** *(okw)eibbisa* v.intr. *eibbisire* to hide, to take cover • *Oku lutalo tweibbisanga mu kapanga.* During the war we used to hide in Lantana camara.

# **eibembera** [see *ebembera*]

**eica** *(okw)eica* v.intr. *eicirye* (a) to be well off • *OKatabula yeica ebiro bini.* Katabula is well-off of these days. (b) to exalt oneself, to act in a boastful manner, to be filled with self-conceit • *OKaterega yeica muno.* Katerega exalts himself very much. (c) **eica (o)mwoyo** to be relieved • *Ni bankobeire nti omukama akwiza ni*

*neica mwoyo.* I was relieved to learn that the chief is coming. **eicaaka** [see *ecaaka*] **eicungula** [see *ecungula*] **eigama** [see *egama*] **eigoga** [see *egoga*] **eika** *(okw)eika* v.tr. *eikire* to push (when giving birth) • *Weike omwana awuluke.* Push the child out. **eikama** *(okw)eikama* v.tr. *eikamire* to push (when giving birth), to push hard when defecating (e.g. when you are constipated) • *Weikame omwana awuluke.* Push the child out. **eikiriirya** *(okw)eikiriirya* v.intr. *eiki-*

*ririirye* (a) to murmur in agreement, to produce indistinct sounds to express affirmation or agreement • *Bakumukoba akweikiriiryambe.* They were talking to her and she just kept murmuring in agreement. (b) to moan, to groan

**eikiriiryamu** *(okw)eikiriiryamu* v.intr. *eikiriiryemu* to be confident, to believe in oneself • *ORuth yeikiriiryamu.* Ruth believes in herself.

**eikisyamulya** *(okw)eikisyamulya* v.intr. *eikisyamwirye* (a) to sneeze • *Omwana yeikisyamwirye alwaire ekiyinzi.* The child is sneezing because of the flu. (b) to be disgusted with, to give up on

**eikomaikoma** *(okw)eikomaikoma* v.intr. *eikisyamwirye* (a) to steal • *Omwana wa Ganseko atandikire okweikomaikoma.* Ganseko's child has started to steal. (b) to quarrel over trivial matters, to pick on, to nag • *Weena weikomaikoma, ekalaamu yoona n'ekulwanisya?* You quarrel over trivial matters, can a mere pencil cause you to quarrel?

**eimagalalya** [see *emagalalya*]

**eimbya** *(okw)eimbya* v.intr. *eimbirye* (a) to join hands, to come together, to unite, to come together • *Amos yeeyimbirye n'oKato okuluma amaido.* Amos and Kato joined forces and grew groundnuts. (b) to connive, to conspire, to plot • *Amos yeeyimbirye n'oGrace ni baibba egaali ya Ntege.* Amos and Grace conspired and stole Ntege's bicycle.

**einamira** [see *enamira*]

**einatira** [see *enatira*]

**einika** *(okw)einika* v.intr. *einikire* to sink, to become submerged, to immerse oneself • *Obwato bwe twatakanga okwabiramu bweinikire ni bwita abantu.* The boat which we wanted to travel with was sunk and killed people.

**einula** *(okw)einula* v.intr. *einwire* to do to one's satisfaction • *Naliire ni neinula.* I ate to my satisfaction.

**einunula** *(okw)einunula* v.intr. *einunwire* (of a child) to grow teeth, to develop teeth • *Omwana yeinunwire.* The child has grown teeth.

**einyainya** *(okw)einyainya* v.intr. *einyainyire* (of a cloth) to wrinkle, to crumple • *Esaati yange yeinyainyire.* My shirt is wrinkled.

**eipampalika** [see *epampalika*] **eipanka** [see *epanka*] **eirai** [see *irai*]

**eiraku** *(okw)eiraku* v.intr. *eireku* to change (for the better), to reform, to improve • *Mwirawange weireku.* My dear, change for the better.

**eirya** *(okw)eirya* v.tr. *eiryire* (of a ghost or spirit) to haunt, to come back among the living • *Omuzimu gukweirya oJane.* The ghost is haunting Jane.

**eisaniisiirya** *(okw)eisaniisiirya* v.tr. *eisanisiirye* to pretend, compare oneself, imagine oneself, imagine, visualize • *Tayinza kubyeisaniisiirya.* He cannot imagine them.

**eisanika** *(okw)eisanika* v.intr. *eisanikire* to show off • *Omukali oni yeisanika muno.* This woman shows off a lot.

**eisisira** [see *esisira*]

**eisuuka** *(okw)eisuuka* v.intr. *eisuukire* to return, to come back • *Weisuukeyo gy'okuzwa.* Welcome back from where you had gone.

**eisuukyayo** *(okw)eisuukyayo* v.tr. *eisuukiryeyo* to welcome • *Mweisuukyeyo oite waanywe.* Welcome your father.

**eitakisya** [see *etakisya*]

**eiteja** [see *eteja*]

**eitiika** [see *etiika*]

**eitija** *(okw)eitija* v.intr. *eitijirye* to pretend to be weak • *We lwaki okweitija ng'amaani gaamu ota n'ago?* Why do you pretend to be weak when you are strong?

**eitonga** [see *etonga*]

**eitumbya** [see *etumbya*]

**eiyawo** *(okw)eiyawo* v.intr. *eiyirewo*

to leave, to depart from, to go away from • *Iswe tweiyirewo tukwaba Kampala.* We have left for Kampala.

**eizira** *(okw)eizira* v.tr. *eiziire* (a) (of a member of a clan) to belong to a totem, to adopt as a totem • *Weeizira muziro ki?* Which totem do you belong to? (b) to regard as an anathema, to hold as an abomination

**eizukanya** *(okw)eizukanya* v.tr. *eizukanyirye* to revise, to edit, to correct • *Mweizukanyenge bye muwandiikire.* Revise what you have written.

**eizukirya** *(okw)eizukirya* v.intr./tr. *eizukirye* (a) to remember, to recall, to recollect • *Fubanga muno okweizukirya bye wayegere.* Try very hard to remember what you learnt. (b) to realise, to perceive, to understand, to grasp, to comprehend • *Nayabire okweizukirya obukwenda ng'ayabire.* I understood the message after he had gone. (c) to be self-driven, to be self-motivated • *Fubanga muno okweizukirya omu mirumo gyamu.* Try to be self-driven in whatever you do.

**eizukya** *(okw)eizukya* v.intr. *eizukirye* to regret, to be sorry about, to rue • *Okwiza kweizukya nga tosomere.* You will regret it if you don't study.

**ejaga** *(okw)ejaga* v.intr. *ejagire* (a) to be excited, to make merry, to cheer up • *Olwaleero abantu bejagire ni baaboine oku omukama.* Today the people were excited when they saw the

king. (b) to bustle, to be full of activity • *Namuboine nka akwejaga n'abageni.* I saw her busying herself with visitors.

**ejeeguula** *(okw)ejeeguula* v.intr. *ejeegwire* to behave indecently, to bring oneself into disrepute • *Leka kwejeeguulanga mu bantu.* Stop behaving indecently in public.

**eji** prep. to, towards • *Ayabire eji ibaamwe.* She has gone to her husband.

**ejuna** *(okw)ejuna* v.tr. *ejunire* to give birth, to bear • *Omweryana wa Nampiina yeejunire omwana mwojo.* Nampiina's daughter-in-law has given birth to a baby boy.

**ejuumuka** *(okw)ejuumuka* v.intr. *ejuumukire* to lie down, to be turned upside down, to be turned over • *Kaneejuumukeku ani.* Let me lie down here for a while.

**eka** *eka* n.9 (a) home • *Yaba mangu eka.* Go home right away. (b) family • *Eka ya Musoke teta na mpisa.* Musoke's family is undisciplined.

**ekaaka** *(okw)ekaaka* v.intr. *ekaakire* (a) to crack, to break, to split, to crackle • *Mpuliire omusaale nga gukwekaaka.* I have heard a tree cracking. (b) to have a pulled muscle, to have sprained ligaments • *Ekinywa ky'omuzeenyi wa mupiira kye kaakire.* The football player has sprained his muscle.

**ekakaba** *(okw)ekakaba* v.intr. *ekakabire* to strive, to try hard, to do one's best • *Oteekwa okwekakaba leke otu-* *nge kyokwendya.* You must strive in order to achieve what you want.

**ekakatya** *(okw)ekakatya* v.tr. *ekakatirye* to be sure, to be certain, to assure oneself, to feel confident • *Nkwekakatya kye nkukoba.* I am sure of what I am saying.

**ekalaabbiirya** *(okw)ekalaabbiirya* v.intr. *ekalaabbiriirye* to make an effort, to strive, to try hard • *Tukwekalabbiirya tumale mangu ekideero kini.* We are striving to finish this dictionary quickly.

**ekalakaasa** [see also *egugunga*] *(okw)ekalakaasa* v.intr. *ekalakaasire* to demonstrate, to protest • *Abeegi beekalakaasa lwa butabawuliirya.* Students demonstrate against not being heard.

**ekalangula** *(okw)ekalangula* v.intr. *ekalangwire* (a) to persevere, to persist, to continue, to carry on, to go on, to keep on • *Boojo twekalangule tumaleku olubbimbi luni.* Boys, let us persevere and complete this task. (b) to work hard, to be determined • *Ka nekalangule ntunge ebyange.* Let me work hard and get some wealth for myself.

**ekaliriirya** *(okw)ekaliriirya* v.intr. *ekaliriirye* to look keenly, to look intently, to look closely, to stare, to examine • *Naali ndina okwekaliriirya ntakola nsobi.* I had to look intently so that I didn't make a mistake.

**ekalya** *(okw)ekalya* v.intr. *ekaarye* to pretend to be fine, to turn a blind eye • *Bamukubbire baitu akwekalya-* *mbe.* He has been beaten, he is just pretending to be okay.

**ekamba** *(okw)ekamba* v.intr. *ekambire* to put in effort, to strive • *Mwana wange weekambe olige omu bworo.* My child, please put in more effort and get out of poverty.

**ekanansula** *(okw)ekasansula* v.intr. *ekananswire* to treat with revulsion, to show disgust, to show aversion • *Lekerawo okwekanansula oku balwire.* Stop treating the patients with revulsion.

**ekanasa** *(okw)ekanasa* v.intr. *ekanasire* (a) to show aversion, to show dislike • *Abakali bataka muno okwekanasa.* Women like showing aversion. (b) to be fussy, to be touchy • *Lwaki wekanasa buli lunaku?* Why are you finicky every day?

**ekapika** *(okw)ekapika* v.intr./tr. *ekapikire* (a) to wear many clothes, to wear tight clothes• *Neekapikire engoye isatu.* I have worn three garments. (b) to be dressed in formal attire (c) to have a sour face • *Abbaire yekapikire muno eigolo.* He had a sour face last night.

**ekayula** *(okw)ekayula* v.intr. *ekaywire* to show resentment, to show dissatisfaction, to show discontentment • *Lwaki okwekayula ku mwana omuto?* Why do you show resentment to a child?

**ekayuli** (e.g. *mwekayuli, beekayuli*) adj. irritable, irritable, bad-tempered, short-tempered, touchy, moody • *Omukoli oyo mwekayuli.* That

worker is irritable.

**ekebeja** *(okw)ekebeja* v.tr. *ekebejere* to examine, to inspect, to scrutinise, to investigate, to analyse, to review, to evaluate, to survey • *Odokita ali mu kasiika akwekebeja omulwaire.* The doctor is in the examination room examining the patient.

**ekeera** *(okw)ekeera* v.intr. *ekereire* (a) to be first, to do first • *Ni mukwingira ebbaasi, oni niye yeekeera.* When boarding a bus, this one will be the first to enter. (b) **mwezi (o)gukwekeera** January

**ekendekeka** *(okw)ekendekeka* v.intr. *ekendekekere* to be extra careful • *Okabona yeekendekeka na kuweereza oKanca.* A priest is extra careful while serving God.

**ekengera** *(okw)ekengera* v.tr. *ekengeire* (a) to be cautious of, to be suspicious of, to beware of, to be on guard against • *Omusaiza odi mwekengere, aminsa ebyala.* Be cautious of that man, he may affect you with spells. (b) to suspect • *Nkwekengera omuntu oyo yakabba omwiti.* I suspect that person to be a murderer.

**ekereera** [see *ekeera*]

**ekiika** *(okw)ekiika* v.intr. *ekiikire* (a) to lie across, to place oneself sideways • *Ekisaale kyekiikire omu nzira.* A tree is lying across the road. (b) to stand in the way of, to block the way of • *Omwojo yeekiikire omu nsonga zaiswe.* The young man has stood in the way of our concerns. (c) (of an unborn baby) to lie in a breech position • *Omwana yeekiikire omu nda ya maamwei.* The baby is presenting itself in a breech position in the mother's womb.

**ekiikingiriza** *(okw)ekiikingiriza* v.intr. *ekiikingiriize* to exalt oneself, to elevate by praise, to oneself • *OYesu yakobere nti buli yekiikingiriza alikakanyizibwa.* Jesus said that whoever exalts himself will be humbled.

**ekodolya** <Ruruuli> *(okw)ekodolya* v.intr. *ekodoirye* (a) to grumble over trivial matters • *ONambubi yeekodolya n'ebintu abitaalumu.* Nambubi grumbles over trivial matters. (b) to engage in petty theft, to engage in misdemeanour • *Omwojo odi yeekodolya.* That boy engages in petty theft.

**ekokota** *(okw)ekokota* v.intr. *ekokotere* to crawl, to creep, to go on all fours • *Naani oyo akwekokotera omu maaya?* Who is that crawling beneath the bed?

**ekokoteerya** *(okw)ekokoteerya* v.intr. *ekokotereirye* to resist, to oppose, to fight against, to refuse to accept, to object to, to defy • *Ombuli bakumutwala okulya eisubi, akwekokoteerya.* They are taking the goat to eat the grass, but it is refusing to go.

**ekomaikoma** *(okw)ekomaikoma* v.intr. *ekomaikomere* (a) to quarrel over trivial matters, to quarrel over nothing • *Weena weekomaikoma, ekalaamu yoona n'ekulwanisya?*

You quarrel over trivial matters, can a mere pencil cause you to quarrel? (b) to steal, to indulge in petty theft • *Oli kanga di okwekomaikoma?* When will you stop indulging in petty theft?

**ekona** *(okw)ekona* v.intr. *ekonere* to stumble, to trip (over) • *Yekonere n'agwa.* He stumbled and fell.

**ekubbembera** *(okw)ekubbembera* v.intr./tr. *ekomaikomere* (a) to lead, to come first • *Omutaani waamwe niye yekubbembeire omu kibiina.* His son came first in his class. (b) to chair

• *Yakomere Martin okwekubbembera olukiiko olwo.* He appointed Martin to chair the meeting.

**ekubbirawo** *(okw)ekubbirawo* v.intr. *ekubbiirewo* to fall heavily • *Omusaale gw'ekubbiirewo.* The tree has fallen heavily.

**ekubiira** *(okw)ekubiira* v.intr. *ekubiriire* (a) to be misaligned, to lean to one side, (of a ship) to list • *Enziga ya gaali yeekubiiriire.* The bicycle wheel is misaligned. (b) to be partial, to be biased, to be prejudiced, to be partisan • *Omulamuli akwekubiira.* The judge is partial.

**ekudumbalya** *(okw)ekudumbalya* v.intr. *ekudumbairye* to exalt oneself, to hold oneself in very high regard, to think highly of oneself, to be proud of oneself • *Lwaki weekudumbalya muno nga ndoowo kyoli?* Why are you exalting yourself when you are a nobody?

**ekukuutiirya** *(okw)ekukuutiirya*

v.intr. *ekukuutiirye* to follow closely behind, to keep, to close to, to stick to, to press oneself against • *Ebbaasi ni yabbaire eri ampi okusimbula omuntu owondi yayizire ni yekukuutiiryamu.* Just as the bus was about to leave, another person squeezed in.

**ekuliisiirya** *(okw)ekuliisiirya* v.intr. *ekuliisiirye* to boast, to exalt oneself, to promote oneself, to claim to be older or of higher status than one is • *Nanka we otaka muno okwekuliisiirya.* You really want to exalt yourself.

**ekulukuunya** *(okw)ekulukuunya* v.intr. *ekulukuunyire* to wallow, to grovel, to play in dirt • *Lwaki okwekulukuunya omu itakali?* Why are you playing in dirt?

**ekulungi** (e.g. *mwekulungi, gwekulungi*) adj. round, circular, oval, cylindrical, spherical • *Omupiira ogusambibwa guta gwekulungi.* A ball which is played with is round.

**ekuniaimula** *(okw)ekuniaimula* v.intr. *ekuniaimwire* to fall with a thud, to fall heavily • *Omukali ni yaali akuluga omu bbaasi ni yeekuniaimula ekigwo.* When the woman was getting off the bus, she fell with a thud.

**ekunula** *(okw)ekunula* v.intr. *ekunwire* (a) to bruise, to be susceptible to bruising • *Weekunwire muno olususu.* Your skin is very bruised. (b) **ekunuura** *(okw)ekunuura* v.tr. *ekunwire* to be shy (to do something),

to look coy • *Neekunwire okusanga omusaiza eyatakanga okunswera.* I was shy about meeting the man who wanted to marry me.

**ekurukuutya** [see also *ekuutya*] *(okw)ekuruukutya* v.intr. *ekurukuutirye* to rub oneself • *Omberege akwekurukuutya oku mwomo.* The pig is rubbing itself against the wall.

**ekurundya** *(okw)ekurundya* v.intr. *ekurundirye* to crawl, to creep, to go on all fours • *Omuyiigi eyabbaire akwekurundya oku itakali onfulugundu yamunenere.* The hunter who was crawling was bitten by a puff adder.

**ekuuma** *(okw)ekuuma* v.tr. *ekuumire* to protect oneself against, to beware of, to watch out for, to guard oneself against • *Mwekuume endwaire ya namunywa.* Protect yourself against HIV/AIDS.

**ekuutya** *(okw)ekuutya* v.intr. *ekuutirye* to rub oneself • *Weekuutye oku mwomo.* Rub yourself against the wall.

**ekwata** *(okw)ekwata* v.intr./tr. *ekwaite* (a) to hold (onto), to adhere (to) • *Weekwate oku itaagi eryo otagwa.* Hold onto that branch so that you don't fall down. (b) to be compact • *Eitakali lyekwaite.* The soil is compact. (c) to take for oneself, to seize for oneself, to reserve (e.g. a room) • *Naani yeekwaite ekisiika kini?* Who reserved this room?

**ekwatakwata** *(okw)ekwatakwata* v.intr. *ekwaitekwaite* (a) to look for money, to search oneself • *Weekwatekwate, tujune omwana oni.* Look for money and we will help this child. (b) to be shey, to be diffident, to be reluctant

**ekwati** (e.g. *mwekwati, lyekwati*) adj. dark • *Omusigazi azwaire saati ya bbulu mwekwati.* A youth is wearing a dark blue shirt.

**ekwatikwati** (e.g. *gwekatikwati, kyekwatikwati*) adj. light • *Omwojo azwaire saati ya kyenju omwekwatikwati.* The youth is wearing a lightyellow shirt.

**ekweka** [see also *ebbisa*] *(okw)ekweka* v.intr. *ekwekere* to hide, to conceal oneself • *Omwana yeekwekere mu ntabbu.* The child has hidden under the bed.

**ekyaligiremu** conj. thus, so, as a result, consequently • *Balwaine ekyaligiremu ni baitangana.* They fought and as a result they killed each other. **ekyazwiremu** [see also *ekyaligiremu*] conj. thus, so, as a result, consequently • *Balwaine ekyazwiremu ni baitangana.* They fought and as a result they killed each other.

## **ekyo** [see *o* 3 ]

**ekyusa** *(okw)ekyusa (eindula)* v.intr. *ekyusire* to change one's mind, to change sides, to turn oneself • *Yali asaarewo okumusumbirwa baitu ni yeekyusa.* She had decided to marry him, but she changed her mind.

**ema**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ema* v.intr. *emere* to conceive, to become pregnant, to become impregnated • *Onte wange aye-* *mere.* My cow has conceived.

**ema**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ema* v.intr. *emere* to step (on, into) • *Ayemere oku mwomo n'agwiragurya.* He has stepped on the wall and soiled it.

**emaara** *(okw)emaara* v.intr. *emaliire* to be dedicated, to be devoted, to be self-supporting • *Oyo yeemaara muno omu mirumu gyamwe.* He is dedicated to his work.

**emagalalya** *(okw)emagalalya* v.intr. *emagalairye* (a) to be unsettled, to be in state of confusion, to be in despair, to be in state of desperation, to look hopeless • *Omukali akwemagalya okuzwa ni yafeereirwe oiba waamwe.* The woman has been at a loss ever since she lost her husband. (b) to act stupidly, to act silly, to act foolishly • *Lwaki weemagalalya nka atalina magezi?* Why do you act like a fool?

**emagya** *(okw)emagya* v.intr. *emagirye* to be unsettled, to be in state of confusion, to be in despair, to be in state of desperation, to look hopeless • *Bambi omusaiza kati yeemagyambe.* Oh dear, the man is now in a state of despair.

**emala** *(okw)emala* v.intr. *emaare* to be self-sufficient, to be selfsupporting • *Nje neemala ndoowo kye njura.* I am self-sufficient, there is nothing I lack.

**emalaimala** *(okw)emalaimala* v.intr. *emaareimaare* to fake innocence • *Owayini yamunywire, ati ali awo akwemalaimala.* He drank the wine, but now he is faking innocence.

**emalamala** [see *emalaimala*]

**emaliira** *(okw)emaliira* v.intr. *emaliriire* to be independent, to be selfreliant, to be self-sufficient, to be selfsupporting • *Lekera awo okulowooza nti weemaliira omu buli kintu.* Stop thinking that you are independent in everything.

**emalinga** *(okw)emalinga* v.intr. *emalingire* to waste time • *Mulekerawo okwemalinga, mwabe musyome amaizi.* Stop wasting time, go and fetch water.

**emalinka** *(okw)emalinka* v.intr. *emalinkire* to elevate oneself, to be conceited, to be arrogant, to overreach oneself, to bite off more than one can chew • *OMusa yemalinka tayikiriza nti waliwo ayinza okumuwangula.* Musa is very conceited, he will never believe that he can be defeated.

**emansulisya** *(okw)emansulisya* v.tr. *emansulisirye* to reject pretentiously • *ONakato omwojo akumutaka, baitu akumwemansulisyaku.* Nakato loves the boy, but she is rejecting him pretentiously.

**emba** *(okw)emba* v.tr. *embere* to sing • *Yayembere n'omwana waamwe n'awangula empaka.* She sang with her child and won the competition.

**emeera** *(okw)emeera* v.intr. *emereire* (a) to stand • *Iza oyemeere ani.* Come and stand here. (b) to contest, to compete • *Ayemeereire ku kifo kya isentebe.* He is competing for the post of

chairperson. (c) to get an erection • *Omufeerwa tasobola kwemeera.* An impotent person cannot get an erection.

**emeerawo** *(okw)emeerawo* v.intr./tr. *emereirewo* (a) to be established, to be founded • *Obukama bwayemeereirewo ng'ebiro bya kwezi 8-10-2004.* The Kingdom was established on the 8th of October 2004. (b) to support • *OKato yayemeereirewo muno ku lwange omu lumbe lwa taata.* Kato supported me a lot during my father's funeral. (c) to contest • *Ayemeereirewo oku kifo kya isentebe.* He is competing for the post of chairperson.

**emeerya** *(okw)emeerya* v.tr. *emereirye* to stop • *Abeegi bagezereku okwemeerya ebbaasi baitu n'eteemeera.* The students tried to stop the bus, but it didn't stop.

**ememula** *(okw)ememula* v.intr. *ememwire* to shine brightly, to burn, to blaze • *Eisana likwememula muno.* The sun is shining brightly.

**emigiramu** *(okw)emigiramu* v.intr. *emigiiremu* to participate, to take part • *Twemigiremu omu kuwandiika ekideero.* Let's participate in writing the dictionary.

**Emmanuel** *Emmanuel* n.1a Biblical name which means God is with us • *Erimwe oku mabara ga Yesu niye Emmanuel.* One of Jesus' names is Emmanuel.

**emoda** *(okw)emoda* v.intr. *emodere* to make funny faces, to play the clown, to be humorous, to be

frivolous, to be comical • *Abaala abo bataka muno okwemoda.* Those girls are fond of making funny faces.

**emodonkola** *(okw)emodonkola* v.intr. *emodonkore* to act funny, to play around, to kid around • *Weena okwemodonkola bundi.* You are acting funny.

**emolonga** *(okw)emolonga* v.intr. *emolongere* to isolate oneself • *Leka kwemolonga okwiza kulwala omutima.* Stop isolating yourself, you will suffer from stress.

**emula** *(okw)emula* v.intr. *emwire* (a) to swear, to curse, to use bad language, to utter profanities, to be vulgur • *Ataka muno okwemula omu bantu.* He likes using profanities in public a lot. (b) **emula (o)Kanca** to blaspheme • *Okabona yakobere oYesu nti akuwemula oKanca.* The priest told Jesus that he was profaning God.

**emulugunya** *(okw)emulugunya (gongoizoka)* v.intr. *emulugunyire* to complain, to grumble, to protest • *Mukwemulugunyira bwereere nywena mwaliire kusai.* You are complaining for no reason, you all ate enough. **emulula** *(okw)emumula* v.intr. *emululwire* to slip away, to creep away, to walk away stealthily, to sneak out • *Omugeni omukulu yemululwirembe.* The guest of honour just snuck away.

**emunyungula** *(okw)emunyungula* v.intr. *emunyungwire* (of birds and animals) to play in dust • *Onkowu* *akwemunyungula omu cuucu.* The guinea fowl is playing in dust.

**emya** *(okw)emya* v.tr. *emerye* (of bull) to mount • *Onumi oyo ayemya ente ikumi.* That bull mounts ten different cows.

**ena**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ena* v.intr. *enere* (a) to be erect • *Akasiisa ka musaiza kaayenere.* The man's penis is erect. (b) to have an erection • *Omusaiza oyo akuboneka ayenere.* It seems that man has an erection.

**(-)ena**<sup>2</sup> sf. also, too, as well • *Weena oli mubbi.* You are also bad.

**enaanika** *(okw)enaanika* v.tr. *enaanikire* to wear (shoes) • *Mwenaanikire enkaito ezisai.* You are wearing very nice shoes.

**enaga** *(okw)enaga* v.intr. *enagire* (a) to wobble, to stagger • *Omukaire yeenaga olwakubba amaani gamuweiremu.* The old woman wobbles because she no longer has the strength. (b) to isolate oneself • *Leka kwenaganga n'ozwa oku bantu.* Stop isolating yourself from other people. (c) **enaga lya lumanyo** to pretend to be what you are not • *Oyo akwenagambe lya lumanyo.* He is just pretending to be what he is not.

**enagiza** *(okw)enagiza* v.tr. *enagiize* to drape, wrap • *Omukali yeenagiize olugoye oku mabega.* The woman has draped a cloth on her back.

**enamira** *(okw)enamira* v.intr. *enamiire* (a) to bow down, to bow in respect, to stoop, to bend down, to bend over • *Yeenamiire omu maiso ga*

*Kanca.* He bowed before the Lord. (b) to be sad, to feel unhappy, to feel depressed, to be aggrieved • *Mwana wange lwaki weenamiire?* Why are you sad, my child? (c) to pass time • *Ayabire ku mucaamu kwenamira.* He has gone to her neighbours' home to pass time.

**enatira** *(okw)enatira* v.intr. *enatiire* to be sad, to be aggrieved, to be anguished • *Neenatiire nga mpuliire okufa kwa Prof. Walusimbi.* I felt sad when I heard the news of Prof. Walusimbi's death.

**enatiri** (e.g. *mwetaniri, beetaniri*) adj. miserable, unhappy, depressed • *Lwaki omukali oyo mwenatiri?* Why is that woman miserable?

**enda**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)enda* v.tr. *endere* (a) to break • *Yendamu ekisaale ekyo ebitundu bibiri.* Break that stick into two. (b) to close (a pocket knife, umbrella), to fold

**enda**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mwendi, bendi*) adj. generous • *Omuntu omwenda agaba muno.* A generous person shares a lot.

**endawo** [see *yendawo*] *(okw)endawo* v.tr. *enderewo* to take back (e.g. words), to retract, to refute • *Yendawo by'obazire.* Take back what you have said.

**ende** <Buyende> (e.g. *kyende, byende*) adj. favourite • *Omukali omwende tairya musango.* A favourite wife does no wrong.

**endeerya** *(okw)endeerya* v.tr. *endereirye* (a) to provoke, to instigate • *OYokaana akunendeerya tulwane.* John is provoking me to fight. (b) to incite • *Mutayendeerya mbwene oyo akwiza kubanena.* Don't incite that dog, it will bite them.

**endeka** *(okw)endeka* v.intr. *endekere* to break, to fracture, to bend at the joint • *Eigumba ni lyendeka, omuyungi aliyunga.* When a bone fractures, an orthopaedic surgeon puts it together.

**endeki** (e.g. *mwendiki, lwendeki*) adj. broken • *Omukonda gwa kikopo gwendeki.* The handle of the cup is broken.

# **endereerya** [see *endeerya*]

**endya** *(okw)endya* v.tr. *enderye* to want, to desire, to wish • *Nkwendya oizeku ewange onkyareku.* I want you to come to my place and pay me a visit.

**enenya** *(okw)enenya* v.intr. *enenyere* to repent, to blame oneself • *Mwabe egiri oYesu mwenenye.* Turn to Jesus and repent.

**enga** *(okw)enga* v.intr. *engere* to ripen, to be ripe • *Emiyembe gitandikire okwenga.* The mangoes have started to ripen.

**engana** [see also *ingana*]

**engera** *(okw)engera* v.intr. *engeire* to ripen, to become ripe • *Omuyembe gwengeire.* The mango is ripe.

**engereera** *(okw)engereera* v.intr. *engereire* (a) to be yellowish, to become yellowish • *Omucungwai gwengereire.* The orange is yellowish. (b) (of metal) to be red hot, (of a boil or an abscess) to be inflamed • *Ekyoma*

*ati kyengereire.* The metal has now become red hot.

**engeri** (e.g. *mwengeri, lyengeri, zengeri*) adj. ripe • *Ofene gw'oleetere ti mwengeri.* The jackfruit which you have brought is not ripe.

**engi** (e.g. *mwengi, lyengi, kyengi*) adj. ripe • *Ofene gw'oleetere mwengi.* The jackfruit which you have brought is ripe.

**eni**<sup>1</sup> adv. (a) this way, here (noun class 23 proximal demonstrative) • *Ira eni oikale.* Come this way and sit down. (b) **eni n'edi** here and there • *Yayombokere enyumba gikooto, eruga eni n'edi.* He built a big house, it extends from here to there.

**eni**<sup>2</sup> [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**enkalangula** [see *ekalangula*] **enkana** [see *ingana*]

**enkaniankania** *(okw)enkaniankania* v.tr. *enkaniakanie* to measure equally, to divide equally • *Mwenkanienkanie ebintu ebyo leke mubiwe abakaire.* Divide those items equally and give it to the elderly.

**enoba** *(okw)enoba* v.intr. *enobere* to be disillusioned, to be disappointed • *Mwirange omukali yeenobere ni yeezinda.* My dear, the woman got disillusioned and committed suicide.

**enyanyala** *(okw)enyanyala* v.tr. *enyanyaire* to treat with disgust, to treat with aversion, to grimace, to make a facial expression of disgust • *Leka kwenyanyala mukaire.* Don't treat the old woman with disgust. **enyenere** (e.g. *beenyenere, mwenye-* *nere, kenyenere*) adj. (a) actual, real • *Niye mukama wa peeni mwenyenere.* He is the actual owner of this pen. (b) typical, classic, normal, real, true, actual • *Oyo Muruuli mwenyenere.* He is a typical Muruuli. (c) by oneself, alone • *Yeiziire mwenyenere.* He came by himself.

**enyini** (e.g. *mwenyini, beenyini, lyenyini*) adj. real, true, actual • *Singa tubbaire n'omuntu omuweesi omwenyini.* I wish we had a real blacksmith.

**enzeera** *(okw)enzeera* v.intr. *enzeire* to wander (about), to roam • *Omwana oyo akwenzeera omu manyumba ga bantu.* That child wanders into people's homes.

**enzi** (e.g. *mwenzi, benzi*) adj. promiscuous • *Omusaiza omwenzi afa kubbi.* A promiscuous man faces a bad death.

**eŋaala** *(okw)eŋaala* v.intr. *eŋaire* to sit with legs wide apart • *Omukali oyo yeeŋaala muno.* That woman often sits a lot with her legs apart.

**eŋaŋa** *(okw)eŋaŋa* v.intr. *eŋaŋire* to become furious, to growl • *Oyo n'agongera yeeŋaŋa.* When he gets annoyed, he becomes furious.

**epaakuula** *(okw)epaakuula* v.intr. *epaakwire* to be arrogant • *Babbaire bakwepaakuula nti tibaayabe, baire ni baaba.* They were arrogantly opposed to leaving, but they eventually left.

**epaaruura** [see *epaatuura*] **epaatuura** *(okw)epaatuura* v.intr. *epaatwire* to fall down heavily • *Omusaiza azwire oku motoka ni yeepaatuura oku bbulooka n'afa.* A man got out of the car, fell heavily on a brick, and died.

**epakula** *(okw)epakula* v.intr. *epakwire* to have a tendency to pilfer, to steal (things of little value), to be light-fingered • *Gendeera omusaiza yeepakulapakula.* Be careful, that man engages in pilfering.

**epampaata** *(okw)epampaata* v.intr. *pampaatire* to search oneself, to check oneself • *Empiiya zimubuureku akwepampaata.* He lost the money and he is searching himself.

**epampalika** [see also *epaakuula*] *(okw)epampalika* v.intr. *epampalikire* to be ostentatious, to pretend to be much better, to act beyond one's capacity, to overreach oneself, to bite off more than one can chew, to be presumptuous, to show off • *Lwaki weepampalikire?* Why are you ostentatious?

**epanka** *(okw)epanka* v.intr. *epankire* to be ostentatious, to pretend to be much better, to flatter oneself, to boast, to become self-important or egotistical, to put on airs • *Okwepanka gy'okubba niiwe purezidenti.* You are boasting as if you are the president.

**epanki** (e.g. *mwepanki, beepanki*) adj. arrogant, boastful, pompous, proud • *Omuntu omwepanki ayakalyamu abantu amaiso.* An arrogant person looks down upon other people.

**epankuula** *(okw)epankuula* v.tr. *epankwire* to boast, to brag, to swagger • *Yeepankuula nti tiyaalye binyeebwa, tiyamaare n'abirya!* He was boasting that he does not eat groundnuts, but he eventually ate them!

**epena** *(okw)epena* v.intr. *epenere* to play the 'dodgy game' • *Abaala baabire kwepena.* The girls have gone to play the dodgy game.

**epifaniya** *epifaniya* n.9 <from En.> epiphany (the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles as represented by the Magi) • *OYesu okubonekera edi abantu kyali epifaniya.* It was an epiphany for Jesus to appear to the people.

**epiika** *(okw)epiika* v.intr. *epiikire* to eat too much, to overeat • *Omwana yeepiikire emere ekida ni kimuluma.* The child ate too much food and had an upset stomach.

**epika** *(okw)epika* v.intr. *epikire* to bloat • *Enda nkuwuura etandikire okwepika.* I feel my stomach has started to bloat.

**epukula** *(okw)epukula* v.intr. *epukwire* to rumble, to boom, to thunder • *Baitu kiki ekyo ekikwepukula?* What is rumbling like that?

**(-)er** [see *(-)ir*]

**era**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)era* v.intr. *eere* (a) to be clean • *Olugoye lwa Zarina lukwera.* Zarina's cloth is clean. (b) to be holy • *Omusaiza akwera afiire.* A holy man has died.

**era**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)era* v.intr. *eere* to yield • *Emiyembe gyayeere era ati tukwaba kutundaku nzai.* The mango tree yielded enough mangoes, we are now planning to sell some abroad.

**era**<sup>3</sup> conj. and, also • *Omuyembe gwataireku emiyembi gingi era tukuteekateeka kugitunda egimwei enzai.* The mango trees yielded enough mangoes, we are now planning to sell some abroad.

**eraayiirya** *(okw)eraayiirya* v.intr. *eraayiirye* to stand on one's toes • *Okweraayiirya kubona ki?* You are standing on your toes, what do you want to see?

**erabira** *(okw)erabira* v.tr. *erabiire* to forget • *Oteerabira kwiza.* Don't forget to come.

**eralika** *(okw)eralika* v.intr. *eralikiire* (a) to lie on the back • *Okubbasya ni weeralikire kibbi.* It is bad to sleep lying on the back. (b) to toss one's head back (to be able the empty a drink from a cup or bottle) • *Omwana anywire amatai ne yeeralika.* The child drank milk and tossed his head back.

**eralikiira** *(okw)eralikiira* v.intr. *eralikiirire* to worry, to be worried, to be concerned, to be anxious • *Lwaki mweralikiira muno?* Why are you so worried?

**eralikiiri** (e.g. *mweralikiiri, beeralikiiri*) adj. worried, troubled, bothered, concerned • *Abakali beeralikiiri olwa mabanza.* The women are worried because of the debts.

**eranga** *(okw)eranga* v.intr. *erangere*

to introduce oneself to the clan for marriage • *Baabire kweranga bukoi.* They have gone to the in-laws for a marriage introduction.

**erate** adv. again, still • *Erate oizire?* You have come again?

**erayiira** *(okw)erayiira* v.tr. *erayiriire* to swear, to take an oath • *Neerayiriire tinkyaira ani.* I swear to never come back here.

**(-)ere** [see *-ire*] sf. perfective aspect suffix on verbs

**ereera** *(okw)ereera* v.tr. *erereire* to be next to, to be adjacent to • *Ekibanja kyange kyerereire isomero.* My land is next to the school.

**ereere** (e.g. *gyereere, zereere , lwereere*) adj. (a) empty, bare • *Enyumba gyereere.* The house is empty. (b) empty-handed • *Atambwire mikono zeereere.* He went without anything in his hands. (c) only • *Leeta migaati gyereere.* Bring only bread.

**ereeteerya** *(okw)ereeteerya* v.intr. *ereetereirye* to associate oneself with (especially an unpleasant person) • *Lwaki okwereeteerya omwibbi oyo?* Why do you associate yourself with the thief?

**erekeerya** *(okw)erekeerya* v.tr. *erekereirye* to forego, to stop, to give up, to abstain from, to postpone, to put off • *Mwerekeerye obusiiyani amaka gaanywe gatereere.* Stop committing adultery so that your families will be stable.

**erema** *(okw)erema* v.intr. *eremere* to become independent, to gain independence • *Uganda yeeremere mu mwaka gwa 1962.* Uganda became independent in 1962.

**ereraana** *(okw)ereraana* v.intr. *ereraine* to be near, to be close • *Gula eitakali okwereraana oSamwiri.* Buy the land near Swamiri's.

**eribya** *(okw)eribya* v.intr. *eribirye* to grip on, to cling on tightly • *Omwana yeeribirye oku maamwe.* The child clung tightly to her mother.

**erinda** *(okw)erinda* v.intr. *erindire* to be watchful, to be on the alert, to be cautious, to watch out • *Mwerinde oku kyalo kuliku abaiti.* Be on the alert, there are murderers in the village.

**erinduka** *(okw)erinduka* v.intr. *erindukire* (a) to be scared, to be frightened • *Omwojo yeerindukire onjoka.* The boy is frightened by the snake. (b) to be surprised by, to be startled by • *Omukali yakubbirewo ekigambo n'etwerinduka.* A woman used an abusive word and we were surprised. **eringatira** *(okw)eringatira* v.intr. *eringatire* to be sad, to unhappy, to gloomy, to be overwhelmed with grief • *Lwaki okweringatira?* Why are you sad?

**erokompola** *(okw)erokompola* v.intr. *erokompoire* to talk irresponsibly • *Akakali ako kataka muno okwerokompola n'ebigambo.* That small woman really likes to talk irresponsibly.

**eronda** *(okw)eronda* v.intr. *erondere* to make a fuss, to be picky, to quarrel over small things • *Omukali wange yeerondalonda na buli kimwei.* My wife makes a fuss over anything.

**eroora** *(okw)eroora* v.intr./tr. *eroreire* (a) to see for oneself, to look at, to watch • *Mwize mweroore oku musyoli.* Come and look at the night dancer. (b) to despise, to loathe, to look down on, to sneer at • *Abaluganda ni mulwanangana abantu babeeroora.* When relatives fight, people start despising them.

**erooteera** *(okw)erooteera* v.intr. *erootereire* to have a wet dream • *Aboojo batera okwerooteera.* Boys usually have wet dreams.

**erooteerya** *(okw)erooteerya* v.intr. *erooteereirye* to have a wet dream • *Aboojo batera okwerooteerya.* Boys usually have wet dreams.

**eru** (e.g. *mweu, gweru, njeru*) adj. white • *Enkaito zange zeeru.* My shoes are white.

**eruguura** *(okw)eruguura* v.tr. *erugwire* to encircle, to surround, to go round • *Baasimbire emisaale okweruguura embuga ya Isabanyala.* They surrounded the Iasabanyala's palace with trees.

**eruguuri** (e.g. *mweruguuri, gweruguuri, kyeruguuri*) adj. round, circular • *Omupiira gwa gaali guta gweruguuri.* The bicycle's tyre is round.

**eruguurya** [see also *ruguurya*] *(okw)eruguura* v.tr. *eruguuriirye* to surround, to encircle • *Bbaasimbire emisaale okweruguurya enyumba.* They planted trees around the

house.

**erukiiri** (e.g. *mwerukiiiri, beeerukiiri, kyerukiiri*) adj. whitish • *Emotoka yaamwe gyerukiiri.* His car is whitish.

**erukukya** *(okw)erukukya* v.tr. *erukukirye* to soften, to soak • *Yerukukya esefulya edi ni wamala ogikuute.* Soak the saucepan and clean it afterwards.

**erula**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)erula* v.tr. *erwire* to clear for cultivation • *Mwerule ekisiko tusige amacande.* Clear the bush and we'll grow simsim.

**erula**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)erula* v.intr. *erwire* to be named after somebody • *Oni omwana baamwerwiremu zeiza waamwe.* This child was named after his grandfather.

**erumuka** *(okw)erumuka* v.intr. *erumukire* to have nosebleed, to bleed from the nose • *Omwana akwerumuka.* The child is having a nosebleed. **erunduka** *(okw)erunduka* v.intr. *erundukire* to be frightened, to be scared • *Weerindukire ki?* What has scared you?

**eruuba** *(okw)eruuba* v.intr. *eruubire* to join, to team up with • *Weeruube n'abairabaamu badi.* Join your other colleagues.

**eruyeru** (e.g. *lweruyeru, byeruyeru, mweruyeru*) adj. off-white • *Yaguure ekiteeteeyi kyeruyeru.* She bought an off-white dress.

**erwanaku** *(okw)erwanaku* v.intr. *erwaineku* to defend oneself • *Mwege okwerwanaku.* Learn to defend your-

# self.

**erya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)erya* v.intr. *eryire* to be purified, to cleanse oneself • *Baayabanga ewa Yesu okubeerya.* They used to go to Jesus to be purified.

**erya**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)erya* v.intr. *eryire* to have a bumper harvest • *Omwaka oguweire twayeerye emere.* We had a bumper harvest last year.

**eryo** [see *o* 3 ]

**esa** *(okw)esa* v.tr. *esere* to play (a board game) • *Nje mmaite okwesa omweso.* I know how to play the mweso board game.

**esaasira** *(okw)esaasira* v.intr. *esaasiire* to have self-pity, to pity oneself, to feel sorry for oneself • *Omuntu eyeesaasira tatunga bintu.* A person who has self-pity doesn't acquire property.

**esaayiirya** *(okw)esaayiirya* v.intr. *esaayiriirye* to apply makeup • *Abakali batwala obwire bwingi nga bakwesaayiirya.* Women spend a lot of time applying makeup.

**esabula** [see *sabula*]

**esaliira** *(okw)esaliira* v.intr. *esaliriire* (a) to develop a crack • *Esowaani yange yeesaliriire.* My plate has developed a crack. (b) to turn septic, to become infected • *Ekyoya kyesaliriire.* The wound has turned septic.

**esamba** *(okw)esamba* v.tr. *esambire* to avoid, to keep away from, to stay away from, to steer clear of • *Mwesambe entalo za basaiza abo.* Avoid the fights of those men.

**esaragula** *(okw)esaragula* v.intr. *esa-*

*ragwire* to boil, to reach the boiling point • *Amaizi gakwesaragula.* The water is boiling.

**esaraigula** [see *esaragula*]

**esasangula** *(okw)esaansagula* v.intr. *esaansagwire* to be in the state of despair, to be demoralised • *Omukali ni bamubikiire ne yesasangula muno.* When they announced the death of her husband, the woman fell into a state of despair.

**eseetya** *(okw)eseetya* v.intr. *eseetyere* (a) to clean one's anus by rubbing it against the ground • *Abaana abato bataka muno okweseetya.* Young children like cleaning their anus by rubbing it against the ground. (b) (of spirits) to move on buttocks • *Omuntu oni akweseetya nk'abandwa Guuda.* This person moves on their buttocks as if he were possessed with the spirit called Guuda.

**esenda** *(okw)esenda* v.intr. *esendere* to move away, to give space • *Weesendeku enyuma kadooli.* Move back slightly.

**esengeerya** *(okw)esengeerya* v.tr. *esengereirye* (a) to follow, to go behind, to go after, to walk behind • *Yasengereirye omukali okwikira kyarumwe oku maduuka.* She followed the woman all the way to the shops. (b) to beg, to plead, to appeal to, to ask • *Nkwesengereirye bairaba iza emambya.* I am begging you to come tomorrow. (c) to turn to (God) • *Mwesengeerye oKanca abasaasire ebibbi.* Turn to God, he will forgive your

## sins.

**esengesya** *(okw)esengesya* v.intr. *esengeserye* to squat, to settle on land unlawfully • *Omusaiza oyo yesengeserye ewange.* That man settled on my land without my permission.

**esereka** *(okw)esereka* v.intr. *eserekere* (of chicks) to hide under the hen's wings • *Obukoko bwesereka omu bipapa bya buguma.* The chicks hide under their mother's wings.

**eserera** *(okw)eserera* v.tr. *esereire* to give (cattle) to drink, to give water to • *Ente nzeeserera oku iruba lyange.* I give water to the cattle from my well.

**esiga** *(okw)esiga* v.tr. *esigire* to trust, to believe in, to have confidence in • *Nje nkwesiga muno.* I trust you a lot. **esigaarya** *(okw)esigaarya* v.tr. *esigaalirye* to keep (to oneself), to save, to put aside, to set aside • *Weesigaaryengeku empiiya.* Save some of your money.

**esigama** *(okw)esigama* v.intr./tr. *esigamire* (a) to cause, to bring about, to lead to, to result in • *Ebizibu byange byona byesigaime ku niiwe.* You are the one causing all my problems. (b) to rely on, to count on • *Nje neesigamire ku bukoiza okufuna ebisale bya isomero.* I rely on my maternal uncles' side for my school fees.

**esigika** *(okw)esigika* v.intr. *esigikire* (a) to lean (against) • *Omusaiza akeerwe yeesigikire oku musaale.* The tired man is leaning against a tree. (b) to be trustworthy, to inspire

confidence

**esigula** *(okw)esigula* v.intr. *esigwire* to rely on, to count on • *Okwesiguura ku Amos emambya akwaba waabwe.* You are relying on Amos, but tomorrow he will be gone.

**esigwa** (e.g. *mwesigwa, beesigwa*) adj. faithful, loyal, devoted • *Ndi mwesigwa egiri oKanca wange.* I am faithful to my God.

**esiima** *(okw)esiima* v.intr. *esiimire* to be happy, to be glad, to be pleased • *Twesiimire muno olwa nsi yaiswe eikura lya Africa.* We are very happy with our country, the pearl of Africa. **esiimisya** *(okw)esiimisya* v.tr. *esiimisirye* to be proud of • *Ababyaire beesiimisya omwara waabwe.* The parents are proud of their daughter. **esimagiirya** *(okw)esimagiirya* v.intr. *esimagiirye* to doze, to nap, to drowse, to snooze • *Ni kaamaare ni katandika okwesimagiirya.* Eventually she started dozing.

**esimba** *(okw)esimba* v.intr. *esimbire* to stand, to plant oneself, to take up a position • *Oteesimba ku iteewo ng'akulya.* Don't stand next to your father while he is eating.

**esimbawo** *(okw)esimbawo* v.intr. *esimbirewo* to contest, to compete for, to try to win • *Akutaka kwesimbawo oku bukwenda bwa paalamenti.* He wants to run for the post of member of parliament.

**esimongorana** *(okw)esimongorana* v.intr. *esimongoraine* to be inconsistent, to changeable, to unpredictable

• *Oyo mwegendereze, yesimongorana.* Be careful, he is unpredictable.

**esindyola** *(okw)esindyola* v.intr. *esindyoire* to somersault • *Omutamiire yeesindyoire n'agwa.* A drunkard somersaulted and fell down.

**esiriikiirya** *(okw)esiriikiirya* v.intr./tr. *esiriikiriirye* (a) to not disclose, to conceal, to hide • *Ndina ekizibu lwa kwesiriikiirya.* I have a problem, although I have not disclosed it. (b) to pretend to be quiet, to respond with silence, to turn a deaf ear • *Omukali oyo amaite okwesiriikiirya baitu nga mulalu kitalo.* That woman pretends to be quiet, yet she is very stubborn.

**esisira** *(okw)esisira* v.intr. *esisiire* to treat with disgust, to have aversion to • *Leka kwesisira mukaire.* Don't treat the old woman with disgust.

**esisiwala** *(okw)esisiwala* v.intr. *esisiwaire* to tremble all over, to shiver, to have a creepy sensation, to have a tingling sensation, to be shocked, to be traumatise, to be upset, to be disturbed • *Ni nabwoine omutumbi ni neesisiwala.* When I saw a corpse, I was shocked.

**esobola** *(okw)esobola* v.intr. *esoboire* to be capable • *Akwesobola, yapangisya motoka.* He is capable, he will hire a car.

**esonyiwa** *(okw)esonyiwa* v.tr. *esonyiwire* to ignore, to disregard, to take no notice of, to pay no attention to • *Weesonyiwe bye yakukoore.* Ignore what he did to you.

**esoroolya** *(okw)esoroolya* v.intr. *esoroirye* to assemble, to gather together • *Mwesoroolye ani.* Assemble here.

**esukula** *(okw)esukula* v.intr. *esukwire* to move bouncing one's breasts • *Omukali waamu yeesukula omu bantu.* Your wife walks with her breasts bouncing in public.

**esulika** *(okw)esulika* v.intr. *esulikire* (a) to be upside down, to be turned over, to turn oneself upside down (b) to wane • *Okwezi kwesulikire.* The moon has waned.

**esuluka** *(okw)esuluka* v.intr. *esulukire* to incline, to tilt, to angle • *We tokubona nga kyesulukire!* Don't you see that it is tilting!

**esunga** *(okw)esunga* v.intr. *esungire* to look forward to, to be eager, to be keen on • *Embaga ya Amos tukugyesunga muno.* We are looking forward to Amos' wedding.

**esuubeetya** *(okw)esuubeetya* v.intr. *esuubeeterye* (a) to hang down • *Omulambo gwa musaiza eyeezindire bagusangire nga gukwesuubeetya ku musaale.* The body of a man who committed suicide was found hanging down from the tree. (b) to swing • *Mboine abakali nga bakwesuubeetya ku kyesuubo kya baana.* I have seen women swinging using the children's swing.

**eswanta** *(okw)eswanta* v.intr. *eswantire* to be proud, to be boastful, to be insolent, to become angry, to display one strength

**eswekeerya** *(okw)eswekeerya* v.intr. *eswekereirye* to throw over one's shoulders • *Abakali beeswekereirye engoye obwire bwa mulombe.* The women threw clothes over their shoulders when the weather was cool.

# **(-)esy** [see *(-)isy*]

**esyetya** [see *etyetya*]

**eta** *(okw)eta* v.tr. *etere* to call, to summon • *OKato ayabire kweta muganda waamwe.* Kato has gone to call his brother.

**etaaga** *(okw)etaaga* v.tr. *etaagire* to need, to want, to like • *Obbaire okwetaaga ki?* What do you need?

**etaaya** *(okw)etaaya* v.intr. *etaayire* to be free, to feel free • *Mwetaaye, ani waanywe.* Feel free, you are at home. **etabula** *(okw)etabula* v.intr. *etabwire* to mix thoroughly under heat before boiling point • *Erangi yeetabwire kusai.* The colour has mixed well. **etabulisya** *(okw)etabulisya* v.tr. *etabulisirye* to pretend to stir • *Lwaki weetabulisye obusyera?* Why do you pretend to stir the millet porridge?

**etakira** *(okw)etakira* v.tr. *etakiire* to attract (an unpleasant reaction, e.g. trouble or beating), to invite for oneself • *Omwojo omuwoole yeetakira miigo.* A stubborn boy invites beatings for himself.

**etakisya** *(okw)etakisya* v.tr. *etakisirye* to wish for oneself • *OWanzala yeetakisya yenkai buli kintu ekisai.* Wanzala wishes all the good things for himself.

**etambuura** *(okw)etambuura* v.intr. *etambuliire* to go away, to leave, to depart • *Yeetambuliire n'azwawo.* She walked away.

**etamwa** *(okw)etamwa* v.intr. *etamirwe* to be fed up, to be disillusioned • *Ebizibu ni bikiika weetamwa.* When there are too many problems you get fed up.

**etantala** *(okw)etantala* v.tr. *etantaire* to avoid, to keep away from, to stay away from, to steer clear of • *Weetantale akabbi nga kakyali kukwikaku.* Avoid the trouble before it happens to you.

**etawula** *(okw)etawula* v.intr. *etawire* to move up and down, to be unsettled, to be restless, to be fidgety • *Oyo lwaki akwetawula muno?* Why is that one so restless?

**etayirira** *(okw)etayirira* v.tr. *etayiriire* to pester, to plague, to annoy, to bother • *ONampiina aneetayiriireku emirundi gingi ng'akutaka musendekeerye, ni ngaana.* Nampiina has approached me several times pestering me to accompany her, but I refused.

**etebuka** *(okw)etebuka* v.intr. *etebukire* to respond to a call, to react to a call • *Ni bayeeta eibara lyamu, bairaba weetebuke.* When they call your name please respond.

**eteekaniza** *(okw)eteekaniza* v.intr. *eteekanizire* to prepare oneself, to get prepared, to get ready • *Tweteekanize motoka ekwiza kututwala.* Let's be prepared (lit. Let us prepare ourselves), the car is coming to take us

**eteekateeka** *(okw)eteekateeka* v.intr. *eteekateekere* to prepare oneself, to get prepared, to get ready • *Tukweteekateeka tukwaba ku mbaga.* We are getting ready for the wedding.

**eteerya** *(okw)eteerya* v.intr. *etereirye* to call repeatedly • *Omuntu akweteerya akayula.* A person who calls you repeatedly is annoying.

**eteesa** *(okw)eteesa* v.intr. *eteesere* to agree before a negotiation, to take a common stand, to agree on something • *Tusooke tweteese ale twitirane Omukama.* Let's agree first, then we meet the King.

**eteeta** *(okw)eteeta* v.tr. *eteetere* to rub off, to clean off, to shake off • *Weeteete ebitakali omu ngalo.* Clean the dirt off your hands.

**etegefu** [see also *etegeki*] (e.g. *lyetegefu, beetegefu, mwetegefu*) adj. ready, prepared, all set • *Oli mwetegefu okwaba?* Are you ready to go? **etegeka** *(okw)etegeka* v.intr. *etegekere* to be ready, to be prepared, to be all set • *Mbalekere eka nga bakwetegeka.* I left them at home while they were getting ready.

**etegeki** (e.g. *mwetegeki, beetegeki, lyetegefu*) adj. ready • *Omwetegeki omwei aize ani.* Whoever is ready should come here.

**etegereza** *(okw)etegereza* v.tr. *etegereize* (a) to grasp, to comprehend, to understand, to recognize, to identify (b) to assess, to look keenly into, to analyse • *Bakwetegereza bizibu bya baana.* They are assessing the children's problems.

**etegula** *(okw)etegula* v.intr. *etegwire* to leave (in anticipation of a problem), to flee • *Weetegule ng'obwire bukyali batakukwata.* Leave early so that they won't arrest you.

**eteja** *(okw)iteja* v.tr. *etejerye* to understand, to realise, to comprehend, to grasp, to be aware of • *We weteja mangu.* You understand quickly. to examine understanding • *ODindi musaiza mweteja.* Dindi is an understanding man.

**etema** *(okw)etema* v.tr. *etemere* to pledge, to promise, to vow, to commit oneself, to promise oneself• *Twabbaire mu lukiiko buli omwei ni yeetema kye yasobola okuweerya.* We were in a meeting and each of us pledged what one can offer.

**etendebeka** *(okw)etendebeka* v.intr. *etendebekere* to humble oneself • *N'oyaba omu maiso ga Mukama, weetendebeka.* When you go to the King, you humble yourself.

**etengeera** *(okw)etengeera* v.intr./tr. *etengereire* (a) to balance a load on the head while walking • *Yeetengereire ensuwa oku mutwe.* She is balancing the pot on her head. (b) (of a baby) to attempt to stand • *Omwana akwetengeera.* The child is attempting to stand. (c) to be independent, to be self-reliant • *Weetengeere okole omulimu gwamu.* Be independent and do your work.

**etesya** *(okw)etesya* v.tr. *eteserye* (a) to send for, to cause to come, to order (e.g. goods) • *Nyeeteserye oKato aize ati.* I have sent for Kato to come now. (b) to invite • *Yeeteserye abataani baamwe baize.* He invited all his sons to come.

**etiika** *(okw)etiika* v.intr./tr. *etiikire* (a) to carry (on the head), to put on one's head, to carry (of vehicles) • *Omukali yeetiika enkwi oku mutwe buli kiro.* The woman carries firewood on her head every day. (b) **etiika kikoodo** to be infected with measles • *Omu irwaliro mulimu abaana baingi abeetiikire.* There are many children in the hospital who are suffering from measles. (c) to be infected with measles • *Yeetiikire kikoodo.* He got measles. (d) to be at the head of the class

**etiina** *(okw)etiina* v.intr. *etiinire* to lack confidence, to be timid, to feel insecure • *Leka kwetiina, ekibalo wakikola kusai.* Don't be timid, you will perform well in mathematics.

**etiiza** *(okw)etiiza* v.tr. *etiizire* to borrow • *Yaba weetiize ekanzu twabe.* Go and borrow a kanzu and let's go. **etimba** *(okw)etimba* v.tr. *etimbire* to hang (a curtain, picture), to set (e.g. a mosquito net) • *Omugole yasuure tiyeetimbire tandaluwa.* The bride slept without setting the mosquito net.

## **eto** [see *o* 3 ]

**etomboita** *(okw)etomboita* v.intr. *etomboitere* to complain, to grumble, to whine, to make a fuss • *Lekerawo okwetomboitanga buli kaire.* Stop

complaining all the time.

**etona** *(okw)etona* v.intr. *etonere* to apply makeup, to use decorative cosmetics • *Abaala abato bataka muno okwetona.* Girls love to do makeup. **etonda** [see also *sengereerya*] *(okw)etonda* v.intr. *etondere* to apologise, to make an apology, to ask forgiveness, to ask for pardon • *Omuntu owa ngeso ezisai yeetonda.* A person with good manners apologises.

**etonga** *(okw)etonga* v.tr. *etongere* to take upon oneself, to motivate oneself, to find motivation for • *Ndina eibanza, nkwetonga njena kati okulisasula.* I have a debt, I take it upon myself to pay it.

**etongola** *(okw)etongola* v.intr. *etongoire* to be self-reliant, to be independent • *Weetongole nk'omusaiza.* Be self-reliant as a man.

**etongolola** *(okw)etongolola* v.intr. *etongoloire* to complain, to grumble, to whine, to make a fuss • *Lekerawo okwetongololanga buli kaire.* Stop complaining all the time.

**etoolatoola** *(okw)etoolatoola* v.intr. *etoiretoire* to engage in petty theft • *Lwaki weetoolatoola?* Why do you engage in petty theft?

**etoolawo** *(okw)etoolawo* v.intr. *etoirewo* to go away, to leave, to depart • *Nje neetoirewo.* I have left.

**etooloola** *(okw)etooloola* v.tr. *etooloire* to move round, to do circular movement around, to surround, to encircle • *Atandikire okwetoloola enyumba.* He started going round

# the house.

**etoolooli** (e.g. *gwetoolooli, neetoolooli*) adj. round, circular • *Omupiira gwa motoka gwetoolooli.* The car tyre is round.

**etukuta** *(okw)etukuta* v.intr. *etukutire* (of blood) to clot, to get bruised, to become swollen • *We bamukubbire endobo weetukutire.* Blood has clotted at the spot where he was kicked. **etuma** *(okw)etuma* v.intr. *etumire* to be self-driven, to be motivated • *Yega okwetuma.* Learn to be self-driven.

**etumbya** *(okw)etumbya* v.intr. *etumbirye* to hold oneself in very high regard, to think highly of oneself • *OMubiito yeetumbya muno.* Mubiito thinks highly of himself.

**etuminkiiri** (e.g. *mwetuminkiiri, betumintiiri*) adj. acting without permission, acting without authority • *Olirekawo di okubba omwetuminkiiri?* When will you ever stop acting without permission?

**etuminkiirya** *(okw)etuminkiirya* v.intr. *etuminkiriirye* to act without permission or without authority • *Omuntu eyeetuminkiirya asiisa ebintu.* A person who acts without authority spoils things.

**etyebeka** *(okw)etyebeka* v.intr. *etyebekere* to sit in someone's chair without permission, to sit down (esp. in an inappropriate place) • *Lwaki okwetyebeka mu ntebe ya isamaka?* Why do you sit in the chair of the head of the family?

**etyetya** *(okw)etyetya* v.tr. *etyeterye*

to clean one's anus by rubbing it against the ground • *Abaana ba mu kyalo beetyetya nga barugire mu byolooni.* Children in the village clean their anus by rubbing it against the ground after visiting the toilet.

**ewa** prep. to, from or at the house or place of (a person) • *Yaba ewa Sez ontoolyeyo empasa.* Go to Sez's place and get me an axe.

**ewaimya** *(okw)ewaimya* v.tr. *ewaimirye* to take power by force • *Amin yeewaimirye n'afooka opurezidenti.* Amin took power by force and became president.

**ewaisya** *(okw)ewaisya* v.intr./tr. *ewaisirye* (a) to attempt, to try • *Lwaki weewaisirya oku by'otaasobole?* Why do you attempt what you cannot do? (b) to be arrogant, to be full of oneself • *Bairaba musaiza we weewaisya muno.* You are a very arrogant man. (c) to boast, to brag, to swagger • *Omusaiza oyo yeewaisya olwa nte z'alina.* That man boasts because of the cattle he has.

**ewala** *(okw)ewala* v.tr. *ewaare* to avoid, to keep away from, to stay away from • *Weewale okwaraatana.* Avoid exchanging harsh words.

**ewaniikiirya** *(okw)ewaniikiirya* v.intr. *ewaniikiriirye* to attempt something beyond one's capacities, to be ostentatious, to pretend to be important • *Lwaki abantu beewaniikiirya?* Why do people pretend to be important?

**ewanika** *(okw)ewanika* v.intr./tr.

*ewanikire* (a) (of the sky) to be clear • *Eiguru lyewanikire.* The sky is clear. (b) to attempt something beyond one's capacities, to be ostentatious, to pretend to be important • *Lwaki weewanika oku bantu?* Why do you pretend to be important?

**eweeka** [see also *ebagala*] *(okw)eweeka* v.intr./tr. *eweekere* (a) to ride (an animal) • *Omugaiga yeewekere oku mbalaasi.* The rich man is riding a horse. (b) to get on one's back, to be on one's back • *Omwana yeeweekere oku mugongo gwa nyina.* The child is on her mother's back.

**eweerya** *(okw)eweerya* v.intr. *eweirye* (a) to come stealthily, to sneak in • *Yaikire ani ng'akweweerya nga takwendya abaingi bamubone.* He arrived here stealthily because he didn't want many people to see him. (b) to act shyly, to behave in a timid manner • *Namusangire omu iduuka lyamwe n'atandika okweweerya.* He acted shy when I met him in his shop.

**eweeryamu** *(okw)eweeryamu* v.tr. *ewairemu* to drink • *Esaawa ni zaikire eikumi n'eibiri ni neeweeryamu obufirifiri bubiri.* When it was 6 p.m. I drank two sachets of local gin.

**eweeryayo** *(okw)eweeryayo* v.intr. *eweiryayo* to dedicate oneself, to sacrifice oneself • *Tweweeryeyo okuweereza oKanca.* Let's dedicate ourselves to serving God.

**ewenyeka** *(okw)ewenyeka* v.intr. *ewenyekere* to bend, to be bent •

*Omutayimbwa gwewenyekere.* The iron rod is bent.

**ewerenkeerya** *(okw)ewerenkeerya* v.intr. *ewerenkereirye* to go far, to settle far away • *OMagambo yeewerenkereirye omu kyalo.* Magambo went far away from the village.

**ewerera** *(okw)ewerera* v.tr. *ewereire* to threaten • *Lwaki oKabagambe akuneewerera okunyita?* Why is Kabagambe threatening to kill me?

**ewogoma** *(okw)ewogoma* v.intr. *ewogomere* (a) to rest, to take shelter • *Nje nfunire awa kwewogoma.* I have gotten a place to rest. (b) to take refuge, to find refuge • *Abaswagi ba buwudamo beewogomere omu Uganda.* The refugees have found refuge in Uganda.

**ewugula** *(okw)ewugula* v.intr. *ewugwire* to run away, to flee, to leave (in anticipation of a problem) • *Weewuguleku abasoroolya ba musolo mbabo.* Run away, the tax collectors are coming.

**ewuli** (e.g. *mwewuli, beewuli*) adj. proud • *Timbonanga mutundi wa duuka mwewuli nka Mw. Musoke.* I have never seen such a proud shopkeeper as Musoke.

**ewulungi** [see *ebulungi*]

**ewunda** [see also *etona*] *(okw)ewunda* v.intr. *ewundire* to apply makeup, to use decorative cosmetics • *Abaala abato bataka muno okwewunda.* Girls love to apply makeup.

**ewungula** *(okw)ewungula* v.intr. *ewungwire* to step out, to exit, to go

out • *Yewungwiremu kadooli baitu akwiza.* He has stepped out briefly, he is coming back.

**ewungulya** *(okw)ewungulya* v.intr. *ewungwirye* to move around (searching for something), to move up and down • *Obwairai akwewungulya ani.* He has been moving around for some time.

**ewuunya** *(okw)ewuunya* v.tr. *ewuunyire* to be surprised, to be puzzled, to wonder • *Nkwewuunyire muno okubba nga tomaite Kyagwire.* I am surprised that you don't know Kyagwire.

**ewuura** *(okw)ewuura* v.intr. *ewuliire* to be proud, to think highly of oneself • *ONamukasa yeewuura muno.* Namukasa is very proud.

**eya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)eya* v.intr. *eyere* (of the moon) to be full • *Okwezi kukweya.* It is now the full moon.

**eya**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)eya* v.tr. *eyere* to sweep • *Yeya ekisiika kyamu.* Sweep your room.

**eyabira** *(okw)eyabira* v.intr. *eyabiire* to leave, to go away • *Ni mwabba mukyali ani, nje nkweyabira.* If you are still here, I am leaving.

**eyabisya** *(okw)eyabisya* v.intr. *eyabisirye* (a) to gate-crash, to come to a party uninvited, to crash a party

• *Weeyabisya otyai oku bugenyi gye bataakwetere?* How could you go to the party uninvited? (b) to go somewhere with an intention to spy • *Yeyabisirye oku bugenyi.* He went to the party with the intention to spy.

**eyagala** *(okw)eyagala* v.intr. *eyagaire* to be happy, to enjoy oneself • *Abantu ba mu Ibbaale beeyagala.* The people of Ibbaale are happy.

**eyakaakania** *(okw)eyakaakania* v.intr. *eyakaakainie* to be pompous, to be egoistic • *Lwaki okweyakaakania ebinambulamu?* Why are you so pompous over such trivial matters? **eyakaliirya** *(okw)eyakaliirya* v.intr. *eyakaliriirye* to act without permission • *Weeyakaliriirye n'oyabayo.* You acted without my permission and went there.

**eyakaliriirya** *(okw)eyakaliirya* v.intr. *eyakaliriirye* (a) to be complicated, to become unbearable • *Embeera eni eyakaliiriirye, baitu we okola otyai okubbaawo?.* This situation is unbearable, what do you do to survive? (b) to pretend to be more important

**eyakalya** *(okw)eyakalya* v.intr. *eyakairye* to behave, to act • *Abaibbi beeyakalya kubbi.* Thieves behave badly.

**eyama** *(okw)eyama* v.tr. *eyamire* to vow, to swear, to promise, to give one's word • *Neeyamire okugula entebe ya Kanisa.* I pledged to buy a chair for the church.

**eyamba** *(okw)eyamba* v.intr. *eyambire* (a) to help oneself • *Mweyambe kubba ndoowo yabayamba.* Help yourself because no one is willing to help you. (b) to defecate, to poo • *Nkwabba kweyamba.* I am going to defecate.

**eyambula** *(okw)eyambula* v.intr. *eyambwire* to undress, to strip (off) • *OLuka akweyambuura olugoye omu bantu.* Luke is undressing in public. **eyampairewe** interj. my goodness (expressing surprise, anger) • *Eyampairewe, n'amboine airukirembe.* My goodness, he simply ran away on seeing me.

**eyanza** *(okw)eyanza* v.intr. *eyanzire* to be thankful, to be grateful • *Neeyanzire muno olwa bintu by'ompaire.* I am very thankful for what you have given me.

**eyanzala** [see also *ebamba*] *(okw)eyanzala* v.intr. *eyanzaire* to sit with legs spread apart • *Omukali oyo yeeyanzaire.* That woman is sitting with her legs spread apart.

**eyasamulya** *(okw)eyasamulya* v.intr. *eyasamwirye* (a) to sneeze • *Omwana yeeyasamwirye alwaire ekiyinzi.* The child is sneezing because of the flu. (b) to quarrel, to argue • *OWanzige n'omukali waamwe beeyasamulya lukooko.* Wanzige occasionally quarrels with his wife.

**eyatayimu** *eyatayimu* n.1a <from En.> airtime, credit which allows one to use a mobile phone network • *Eyatayimu aweireku oku simu yange.* My phone is short of airtime.

**eyatya** *(okw)eyatya* v.intr. *eyatirye* (a) to crack, to fracture • *Omusisi atengeterye n'aleetera enyumba okweyatya.* The earthquake has caused the house to crack. (b) **kweyatya kwe itakali** landslide • *Okweyatya kwa*

*itakali kutandikire e Buduuda.* Landslides have started in Buduuda.

**eyatyamu** *(okw)eyatyamu* v.intr. *eyatiryemu* to be divided, to disunite • *Iswe Abapiina titukwiza kweyatyamu.* We the Bapiima will not be divided.

**eyaya** *(okw)eyaya* v.intr. *eyayire* to boast, to brag, to swagger • *Lwaki okweyaya otyo?* Why are you boasting like that?

**eyayamulya** *(okw)eyayamulya* v.intr. *eyayamwirye* to yawn, to yawn noisily and stretch oneself • *Kwata oku munwa nga okweyayamulya.* Cover your mouth when yawning.

**eyayi** (e.g. *mweyayi, beeyayi*) adj. one who is determined to cause harm • *Omusaiza omweyayi atemere omwana.* A man determined to cause harm has killed the child.

**eyayira** *(okw)eyayira* v.tr. *eyayiire* to threaten • *Amweyayiire okumwita.* He threatened to kill him.

**eyebeera** *(okw)eyebeera* v.tr. *eyebeereire* to forget, to leave behind, to fail to take • *Weeyebeereire ekalaamu yaamu.* You have forgotten your pen.

**eyebeeri** (e.g. *mweyebeeri, beeyebeeri*) adj. forgetful, absentminded • *Ozeiza waamu yafookere mweyebeeri.* Your grandfather has become forgetful.

**eyebukira** *(okw)eyebukira* v.tr. *eyebukiire* to remember • *Amaare ni yeeyebukira okusumba emere.* He finally

remembered to cook food.

**eyemeera** *(okw)eyemeera* v.tr. *eyemeereire* (a) to represent, to stand in for • *Naani ye yeeyemeereire oTito?* Who represented Titus? (b) to stand surety for, to stand bail for • *Mwabe mweyemeere omwira waanywe azwe omu nkomyo.* Go and stand surety for your friend so that he can be release from the prison.

**eyendesya** [see also *etakisya*] *(okw)eyendesya* v.intr. *eyendeserye* to wish for oneself • *OWanzala yeeyendesya yenkai ebintu ebisai.* Wanzala wishes for himself all the good things.

**eyerya** *(okw)eyerya* v.tr. *eyerye* (a) to tell the truth, to be frank about something unpleasant • *Yayeyerye omukama waamwe.* He told his boss the naked truth. (b) to repent • *Weeyerye omu maiso ga Kanca akuganyire.* Repent to God to receive his forgiveness.

**eyeta** *(okw)eyeta* v.tr. *eyetere* to identify oneself, to call oneself, to consider oneself • *Abaganda baatugaine okweyeta amabara aga Banyala.* The Baganda forbade us from identifying ourselves by Nyala names.

**eyiiya** *(okw)eyiiya* v.intr. *eyiiyire* to work for oneself • *Omwojo oyo ekibanja kye yaguure, yeyiiyire yenkai.* The land which that boy bought was earned by his own hard work.

**eyimbya** *(okw)eyimbya* v.intr. *eyimbirye* to be united • *Abaruuli tweyi-* *mbye twimule oBuruuli.* Let us, the Baruuli, be united and develop the Buruuli Kingdom.

**eyindula** *(okw)eyindula* v.intr. *eyindwire* (a) to change (e.g. colour or appearance), to bleach, to get bleaching • *Omukali eyaali omwiraguzu yeeyindwire n'afooka mweru.* The woman who was dark-skinned bleached herself and became brown. (b) to change one's mind, to change one's attitude • *Naabire okumutwara empiiya ze twalagaine, baitu n'ayajirye yeeyindwire.* I went to take to him the money we agreed upon, but I found that he had changed his mind. (c) (of weather) to change • *Obwire bweyindwire oikendi ali ampi okutoonya.* The weather has changed, it is about to rain. (d) to turn against • *Weeyinduliire abaira baamu.* You turned against your friends.

**eyinula** *(okw)eyinula* v.intr. *eyinwire* to feel complacent, to be smug, to be conceited, to be self-satisfied • *Leka kweyinula na busente bw'ofunire, bukwiza kuwaawo.* Do not feel complacent because of that little money you have, it will be gone soon.

**eyo** [see *o* 3 ]

**eyokooka** *(okw)eyokooka* v.intr. *eyokookere* to retch, to gag • *Jane akweyokooka lwa musuja.* Jane is retching due to malaria.

**eyomboka** *(okw)eyomboka* v.tr. *eyombokere* to develop oneself, to progress, to advance • *Abantu ba Luweero batandikire okweyombo-* *ka.* The people from Luweero have started progressing.

**eyongerayo** *(okw)eyongerayo* v.intr. *eyongeireyo* (a) to increase • *Omuwendo gwa baana ab'oku nzira gweyongeireyo.* The number of street children has increased. (b) to go ahead, to continue, to proceed • *Weeyongerayo oyakale oku maduuka.* Go ahead and pass by the shops.

**eyunga** *(okw)eyunga* v.tr. *eyungire* to meet, to join • *Amweyungiireku Mukono.* He joined him at Mukono. **ezinda** *(okw)ezinda* v.intr. *ezindire* to commit suicide • *Omusaiza yeezindiire ku musaale.* The man hanged himself on the tree.

**ezingiirya** [see also *ezingiriirya*] *(okw)ezingiirya* v.intr. *ezingiirye* to be a burden, to stay close to (a person against his will) • *Lwaki weezingiirya oku bantu abandi?* Why are you a burden to other people?

**ezingiriirya** [see also *ezingiirya*]

*(okw)ezingiriirya* v.intr. *ezingiriirye, ezingiirye* to be a burden, to stay close to (a person against his will) **eziribanga** *(okw)eziribanga* v.intr. *eziribangire* to writhe in pain, to cry in pain • *Akungire ni yeeziribanga.* He wailed and writhed in pain on the ground.

**eziringiirya** *(okw)eziringiirya* v.intr. *eziringiriirye* to wind around, to wrap oneself around, to coil oneself around • *Ombuli yeeziringiriirye oku musaale.* A goat has wound itself around a tree with a rope.

**ezukanya** *(okw)ezukanya* v.tr. *ezunkainye* to recall, to remember, to revise • *Mweizukanyenge byemuwandiikire.* Remember what you have written.

**ezwamu** *(okw)ezwamu* v.tr. *ezwire* to decide, to make up one's mind • *Yezwiremu n'amukubba nga kyakaliriirye.* It became too much, and he decided to beat him.

# **F**

**fa**1 *(oku)fa* v.intr. *fiire* (a) to die • *Ombwene ali ampi okufa mumuwe omubazi.* This dog is about to die, please get it some treatment. (b) to break down mechanically • *Eroole yafiire.* The lorry broke down. (c) (of milk) to go bad • *Amatai ga mwana gafiire.* The baby's milk has gone bad.

**fa**2 *(oku)fa* v.intr. *fiire* to happen, to take place • *Nkobera ebikufa omu kitundu kya waanywe.* Tell what is happening in your area.

**fa**3 *(oku)fa* v.intr. *fiire* to mind • *Fa oku bikukwataku.* Mind your own business.

**faakaania** <Lunyala> *(oku)faakaania* v.intr. *faakainie* to rustle • *Onte*

*akufaakaania omu kisaka.* A cow is rustling in the bush.

**faaku** *(oku)fa* v.tr. *fiireku* to care for, to look after, to take care of, to tend to • *Buli mwana afe oku maamwe yeena yeefeeku.* Every child should care for his mother and for himself.

**faamu** *(e)faamu* n.9/10 <from En.> farm • *Alina efaamu eriku ebisolo bya njawulo.* He has a farm with different types of animals.

**faayo** *(oku)faayo* v.intr. *fiireyo* to mind, to pay attention to, to take notice of, to be concerned • *Faayo oku bye bakukusomesya.* Pay attention to what they are teaching you.

**faaza** *(o)faaza* n.1a <from En.> Catholic priest

**fafaana** *(oku)fafaana* v.intr. *fafaine* to degenerate morally, to corrupt • *Omwojo wa Mulwana yafafaine.* Mulwana's son is morally degenerated.

**fafaani** (e.g. *mufafaani, bafafaani,gifafaani*) adj. homeless • *Omukali omufafaani yayitiibwe abaana ba ku nzira.* A homeless woman was killed by street children.

**fairo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)fairo* n.9/10 <from En.> file, folder, dossier • *Efairo yaamwe ekyaliyo oku poliisi.* His file is still at the police station.

**fairo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)fairo* n.9/10 <from En.> whetstone, grinder, sharpening tool

• *Akuwagalisya fairo.* He sharpens using a whetstone.

**famase** *(e)famase* n.9/10 <from En.> pharmacy • *Omubazi nguguure mu*

*famase.* I have bought the medicine from the pharmacy.

**famire** *(e)famire* n.9/10 <from En.> family • *Magambo abantu ba mu famire eyo tibamutaka.* The members of that family dislike Magambo.

**feereera** *(oku)feereera* v.intr. *feereire* to sacrifice oneself, to lose one's life for the sake of another • *OYesu yatufeereire oku musalabba.* Jesus died for us on the cross.

**feerwa** *(oku)feerwa* v.tr. *feereirwe* to lose (e.g. opportunity, property, job) • *Omusuubuli yafeereirwe ebintu byamwe byonabyona.* The businessman lost all his property.

**feesa** *(oku)feesa* v.intr. *feesere* to sniffle, to have a sniffle, to have the sniffles • *Lwaki okufeesa n'otafulya?* Why do you sniffle instead of blowing your nose?

**feeza** *(o)feeza* n.1a <from Ar. via Sw.> silver • *Atungire ekitwo kya feeza.* He won a silver medal.

**fene** *(o)fene* n.1a/10 jackfruit tree and fruit (*Artocarpus heterophyllus*) • *Ofene waamu anura muno.* Your jackfruit is so delicious.

**figa** *(e)figa* n.9/10 <from En.> figure, form, shape • *Emeeza eni erina efiga gisai.* This table has a nice shape.

**fiifi** *(o)fiifi* n.1a/10 low quality cotton • *Fiifi bamugula sente zidooli.* Low quality cotton is cheap.

**fiika** *(oku)fiika* v.intr./tr. *fiikire* (a) to remain, to be left, to be left over, to be still available • *Twaliire emere n'efiika.* We ate the food, and some

was left over. (b) to miss (e.g. an opportunity, chance, food), to miss out on, to fail to take advantage of • *Ka nyabe nsimbe olunyiriri, ntafiika kufuna caayi.* Let me go and line up, so that I do not miss out on tea.

**fiikya** *(oku)fiikya* v.tr. *fiikirye* to keep aside, to set aside, to hold back, to retain • *Nfiikyawo omucungwai gumwei.* Keep aside at least one orange.

**fiiriza** *(oku)fiiriza* v.tr. *firiize* to make someone lose (e.g. an opportunity, money) • *Yandeteire okufiirizibwa empiiya zange.* He made me lose all my money.

**fiirwa** *(oku)fiirwa* v.tr. *fiirwe* to lose, to have losses, to suffer the loss of • *Omutiini tasobola kutandika mulumu kubba abba okutiina okufiirwa.* A coward cannot start a business because he fears making losses.

**fiisya** *(oku)fiisya* v.tr. *fiisirye* (of a human or animal) to lose (a child) • *Onte yafiisirye onyana.* A cow lost its calf.

**fiizi** *(e)fiizi* n.10 <from En.> school fees• *Sasuura omwana efiizi.* Pay the school fees for the child.

**firiigi** *(e)firiigi* n.9/10 <from En.> fridge • *Amaizi bagateeka mu firiigi okugafukya.* Water is kept in the fridge to cool it down.

**firiiji** [see *firiigi*]

**firimbi** *(e)firimbi* n.9/10 <from Sw.> whistle • *Nguurayo efirimbi.* Buy a whistle for me.

**firimu** *(e)firimu* n.9/10 <from En.>

film • *Mbona efirimu buliizo.* I watch films every day.

**fologo** [see *foloko*]

**foloko** *(e)foloko* n.9/10 <from En.> forked hoe • *Tukulesya efoloko okuluma.* We use a forked hoe to dig.

**fooka** *(oku)fooka* v.tr. *fookere* to become, to turn into, to change to • *Abanyala bafookere Baganda.* The Banyala became more like the Baganda.

**fookeera** *(oku)fookeera* v.intr. *fookeire* (of milk) to foam • *Amatai gafookeire.* The milk has foamed.

**fookeerana** *(oku)fookeerana* v.intr. *fookeeraine* (of stomach) to rumble, to grumble, to growl, to gurgle • *Enda yange ekufookeerana.* My stomach is rumbling.

**fookeerya** [see *fuukeerya*] <Lunyala>

**foola** *(oku)foola* v.tr. *foire* to turn into, to transform into, to cause to become, to change • *OYesu amaizi yagafoire viini.* Jesus turned water into wine.

**foomu** *(e)foomu* n.9/10 bench • *Omwana aikaire oku foomu.* The child is sitting on the bench.

**footola** *(oku)footola* v.tr. *footoire* (a) to destroy, to spoil, to damage, to ruin • *Omugwi wa iralu afootoire enyaanya zange.* The madman has spoiled my tomatoes. (b) to buy very cheaply, to make a bargain • *OCharles n'aiza okugula onte afootolambe.* When Charles comes to buy cattle, he simply buys them very cheaply.

**fu fu fu** ideo. completely, totally, actually • *Amatai gafiire fu fu fu.* The milk went totally bad.

**fuba** *(oku)fuba* v.tr. *fubire* <from Lug.> to try, to make an effort, to make sure • *Fubanga muno okweizukirya omu mirumo gyamu.* Try to be self-driven in whatever you do.

**fufuuna** *(oku)fufuuna* v.tr. *fufuunire* to suck, to sip, to slurp • *Lwaki okufufuuna amagumba ago otyo?* Why are you sucking on those bones like that?

**fuga** *(oku)fuga* v.intr. *fugire* to lead, to rule, to govern, to control • *Abapiina nibo baalina abakama abaingi abafugire omu Bunyala.* The Bapiina clan had many chiefs who ruled in Bunyala.

**fugika** *(oku)fugika* v.tr. *fugikire* to bury (the placenta as part of traditional practice) • *Ekitani bakifugika ku mbiire.* The banana plant where the placenta is buried has many taboos.

**fuka** *(oku)fuka* v.intr. *fukire* (a) to be cold, to cool (off) • *Obuugi bufukire.* The porridge has gotten cold. (b) to keep (one's) peace, to stay quiet • *Fuka mwana wange tukwiza kuwangula.* My child, keep your peace, we shall overcome. (c) to keep mum, to be mute, to remain quiet, to remain silent • *Yafukire omu lukiiko.* He kept quiet throughout the meeting.

**fukama** *(oku)fukama* v.intr. *fukamire* (a) (of females) to kneel, to fall to

one's knees, to get down on one's knees • *Omukali alina okufukama nga akulamukya.* A woman has to kneel while greeting people. (b) (of females) to urinate in a half squat • *Abakali ba biro bini bafukamambe.* Women these days urinate simply in a in half squat.

**fukamira** *(oku)fukamira* v.intr. *fukamiire* to kneel, to fall to one's knees, to get down on one's knees • *Ofukamirangaku ng'okulamukya*

*abakulu.* Please, you should always kneel while greeting elders.

**fukana** *(oku)fukana* v.intr. *fukaine* to wrestle, to fight • *OKato n'oWandira bakufukana.* Kato and Wandira are wrestling.

**fuki** (e.g. *bufuki, nfuki, lufuki*) adj. cold, chilly • *Obwire bufuki.* It is cold. (lit. The weather is cold.)

**fukufuku** adv. heavily, excessively, a great deal • *Onjura yatoonyere fukufuku.* It rained heavily.

**fukula** *(oku)fukula* v.intr. *fukwire* (a) to burrow, to dig up • *Omberege ali mu ndumiro akufukula.* A pig is in the field digging up the earth. (b) to dance • *Abakali bakufula nka aboojo.* Women are dancing as though they are youths.

**fukumula** *(oku)fukumula* v.tr. *fukumwire* to empty, to unload, to unpack, to shake out (content) • *Fukumula ekikapu ekyo.* Empty that basket.

**fukya** *(oku)fukya* v.tr. *fukirye* to cool, to chill, to refrigerate, to cool down • *Amaizi bagateeka mu firiigi okugafukya.* Water is kept in the fridge to cool it down.

**fulaano** *(e)fulaano* n.9/10 vest • *Mpeereza efulaano yange.* Send me my vest.

**fulampeni** *(e)fulampeni* n.9/10 <from En.> frying pan • *Enyama bagisiikira mu fulampeni.* Meat is fried using a frying pan.

**fulasika** *(e)fulasika* n.9/10 <from En.> flask • *Ta ocaayi omu fulasika.* Put tea in the flask.

**fuleemu** *(e)fuleemu* n.9/10 <from En.> frame (of a bicycle, car, photo) • *Egaali yange ngiguliireku efuleemu giyaaka.* I have bought a new frame for my bicycle.

**fuliza** *(oku)fuliza* v.intr. *fulizire* to sniffle, to have a sniffle, to have the sniffles • *Lwaki okufuliza n'otafulya?* Why do you sniffle instead of blowing your nose?

**fulungu**<sup>1</sup> *(e)fulungu* n.9/10 codral (a type of cloth or garment with a rough texture) • *Efulungu zadubire.* The "codral" clothes are out of fashion.

**fulungu**<sup>2</sup> *(e)fulungu* n.9/10 great blue turaco (*Corythaeola cristata*)

**fuluweero** *(e)fuluweero* n.9/10 <from En.> freewheel (set of multiple sprockets that attaches to the hub on the rear wheel of a bicycle) • *Efuluweero esangibwa ku nsiza ya mabega eya gaali.* A freewheel is found at the rear wheel of the bicycle.

**fulya** *(oku)fulya* v.intr. *fuurye* (a) (of a pig in fear) to squeal • *Omberege afulya ng'atiinire.* The pig squeals when it is afraid. (b) to blow one's nose • *Mwana we yaba ofulye.* Child, go and blow your nose, please.

**fumbata** *(oku)fumbata* v.tr. *fumbatire* to hug, to give a hug, to embrace • *Fumbata abageni.* Hug the visitors. **fumuka** [see also *sumuka* and *wumuka*] *(oku)fumuka* v.intr. *fumukire* to get a hole, to be pierced, to be

bored **fumula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)fumula* v.tr. *fumwire* to cure, to heal, to restore to health, to make well • *Nta n'omubazi ogusobola okukufumula.* I have the medicine that can cure you.

**fumula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)fumula* v.tr. *fumwire* to pierce, to perforate • *Fumula amatwi oboneke kusai.* Pierce your ears so that you look nice.

**funa** *(oku)funa* v.tr. *funire* to receive, to get, to obtain • *Nafunire amawuro eizo.* I received the news yesterday.

**funda** *(oku)funda* v.intr. *fundire* to become narrow, to become too small, to contract, to shrink • *Enyumba efundire.* The house has become too small.

**fundeera** *(oku)fundeera* v.intr. *fundeire* to be fully satisfied, to eat excessively • *Omusaiza aseenyere emere n'afundeera.* A man ate a lot of food and he is now fully satisfied.

**fundi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)fundi* n.1a/2 <from Sw.> (a) builder, constructor • *Ofundi ya-* *yombokere enyumba yange.* The builder constructed my house. (b) tailor, dressmaker • *Ofundi atungire engoye.* The tailor has sown garments.

**fundi**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *lufundi, gifundi, mifundi*) adj. narrow, small, little • *Enyumba gifundi.* The house is small.

**fundya** *(oku)fundya* v.tr. *fundirye* to summarise, to sum up, to outline, to give a summary of, to give a synopsis of • *Fundya orubazo lwamu.* Summarise your speech.

**funfuuna** *(oku)funfuuna* v.intr. *funfuunire* to slurp, to suck noisily while eating • *Twafunfuunire nga tukulya encwi.* We slurped while eating the fish.

**funga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)funga* v.tr. *fungire* (a) to fold • *Funga emikono gya saati yange.* Fold the sleeves of my shirt. (b) (a garment) • *Funga saati yaamu.* Tuck in your shirt. (c) to pad (a sanitary pad) • *Omwala bamufungire enfungo.* The girl uses a sanitary pad.

**fungula** *(oku)fungula* v.tr. *fungwire* to pull up (a garment), to untuck, to uncover • *Omukali afungwire omwiraawaamwe engoye.* A woman pulled up the dress of her fellow woman.

**funisya (e)nda** [see also *funa*] to impregnate, to make pregnant • *Omwizukulu wange yafunisirye omwala enda.* My grandson impregnated a girl.

**funkufunku** adv. hurriedly, hastily, speedily, quickly • *Yaliire funkufu-* *nku.* He ate hurriedly.

**funyulula** *(oku)funyulula* v.tr. *funyulwire* to unfold, to unbend • *Funyulula emikono gya saati yaamu.* Unfold the sleeves of your shirt.

**furuka** *(oku)furuka* v.intr. *furukire* to change location, to move, to migrate • *Omwikali waawo yafurukire.* The resident of that place moved.

**furukya** *(oku)furukya* v.tr. *furikirye* (a) to transfer, to move, to relocate • *Embuli baazifurukirye ne bazitwala omu faamu.* The goats were transferred to the farm. (b) to evacuate, to move out • *Ababbaire ani gavumenti yabafurukirye n'ebatwala awandi.* The government evacuated the people who were here and took them elsewhere. (c) **furukya (e)kiswa** to get rid of termites by using chemicals • *Yafurikirye ekiswa.* He got rid of termites from the termite mound. **furula** *(oku)furula* v.tr. *fulwire* to render powerless, to make powerless • *Omufumu waawo bamufulwire.* The witch doctor was rendered powerless. to cause to desert, to vacate, to drive out • *Furula abasaiza tintaka kubabonaku.* Drive out those men, I don't want to look at them.

**furuuta** *(oku)furuuta* v.intr. *furuutire* to snore • *Naani akufuruuta?* Who is snoring?

**furuutuka** *(oku)furuutuka* v.intr. *furuutukire* to develop a skin rash, to get blisters, to break out in a rash • *Ekibunguura we kinyocerye wafuruutukire.* The spot where the caterpillar stung me, has developed a rash.

**fuuka** [see *fooka*]

**fuukeera**<sup>1</sup> [see *fookeera*]

**fuukeera**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)fuukeera* v.intr. *fukeire* to have nasal congestion, to have a stuffy nose • *Naani okufuukeera?* Who has a stuffy nose?

**fuukeerya** *(oku)fuukeerya* v.tr. *fuukeirye* to warm (e.g. milk or groundnut sauce) until a liquid starts to foam or form froth • *Fuukeryambe amatai.* Just warm the milk until it foams up.

**fuula** <sup>1</sup> [see *foola*]

**fuula** <sup>2</sup> *(oku)fuula* v.tr. *fuire* to turn upside down • *Akufuula emeeza.* He is turning the table upside down.

**fuuti** *(e)fuuti* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) foot (unit of measure) • *Emeeza eni eriku efuuti isatu.* This table is three feet wide. (b) ruler, foot ruler • *Nkutaka kugula fuuti.* I need to buy a foot ruler.

**fuuwa** *(oku)fuuwa* v.intr./tr. *fuuwire* (a) (of wind) to blow • *Ompungo akufuuwa muno leero.* The wind is blowing strongly today. (b) to blow (e.g. a whistle), to play (a wind instrument, e.g. a horn) • *Naani akufuuwa efirimbi.* Who is blowing the whistle? (c) to blow out, to remove by blowing, to blow off • *Nfuuwa akatakali kazwe omu riiso lyange.* Blow a speck of dust out of my eye. (d) to put out (fire) by blowing • *Fuuwa etadooba erikire.* Put out the lantern flame. (e) to break wind, to fart • *Abaa-* *na bakufuuwa omwika ogukuwunya kubbi.* The children are breaking wind that smells awfully. (f) (of a cow) to breathe while sleeping (g) to fan the flames, to blow to ignite • *Fuuwa omuuro gwake.* Fan the flames to ignite the fire. (h) (of female breasts) to grow • *Amabeere ga mwala gatandikire okufuuwa.* The girl's breasts have started growing. (j) **fuuwa (e)isagama** to bleed, to lose blood • *Onte bamusaare n'afuuwa eisagama.* They slaughtered the cow and it bled out.

**fuuwiira**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)fuuwiira* v.intr. *fuuwiriire* (a) (of muscles) to tire out • *Nkuwuura emikono gikunfuuwiira.* I feel that my hand muscles are tiring out. (b) to wait impatiently for am event, keep one's fingers crossed **fuuwiira**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)fuuwiira* v.intr. *fuuwiriire* (a) to drizzle, to rain lightly • *Obujura bukufuuwiira enzai.* It is drizzling outside. (b) to blow with intensity, to blow on to cool • *Fuuwiira ocaayi oyo.* Blow on to cool that tea. **fuuwira** *(oku)fuuwira* v.tr. *fuuwiriire* to spray • *Ayabire kufuuwira birume byamwe.* He has gone to spray his crops.

**fuuyiira** *(oku)fuuyiira* v.intr. *fuuyiriire* (of female breasts) to grow • *Amabeere ga mwala gatandikire okufuuyiira.* The girl's breasts have started growing.

**fwa** adv. aimlessly • *Amala ga lya fwa…* He just eats aimlessly.

# **G**

**ga** adv. just • *Mala ga lya omwogo ndoowo kaita.* Just eat cassava, there is no millet paste.

**ga-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 6 on verbs

**ga-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 22 on verbs

**gaabwe** [see *abwe*]

**gaadiika** *(oku)gaadiika* v.tr. *gadiikire* to push, to force, to shove • *Akugadiika omusaale gugwe.* He is pushing the tree down.

**gaadiikiirya** *(oku)gaadiikiirya* v.tr. *gadiikiriirye* (a) to fight against, to eliminate • *Tweyimbye tugaadiikiirye onamunywa.* Let us join and fight HIV/AIDS. (b) to force out, to remove forcefully, to push away • *OZuma baamugadiikiriirye ni bamupeka oku bukama.* Zuma was forced out of power.

**gaaju** *(o)gaaju* n.1a/10 cow reddish in colour • *Ogaaju abba nte mumyuki.* Gaaju is a cow with a reddish skin.

**gaali** *(e)gaali* n.9/10 <from Hindi via Sw.> (a) bicycle • *Abakali Abaruuli bavuga egaali.* The Baruuli women ride bicycles. (b) **gaali ya mwika** train

**gaalimooshi** [see also *gaalimooto and gaali ya mwika*] *(e)gaalimooshi* n.9/10 train • *Egaalimooshi yeetiika muno okusinga ebbaasi.* The train carries more cargo than a bus.

**gaalimoosi** [see *gaalimooshi*]

**gaalimooto** [see also *gaalimooshi and gaali ya mwika*] *(e)gaalimooto* n.9/10 train • *Egaalimooto etambuura ku luguudo lwa byoma.* The train moves on a railway.

**gaamu**<sup>1</sup> [see *amu*]

**gaamu**<sup>2</sup> *(o)gaamu* n.1a <from En.> gum, glue • *Leeta ogaamu tukwatisye ekipande.* Bring the glue and let's hang the poster.

**gaamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**gaana** *(oku)gaana* v.tr. *gaine* (a) to stop, to prevent, to hinder, to prohibit • *Omwibbi baamugaine okwingira omu kanisa.* The thief was stopped from entering the church. (b) to refuse, to decline, to turn down, to object to • *Baamukobere okwaba oku isomero n'agaana.* He was told to go to school, but he refused. (c) to fail • *Emotoka egaine okwaka.* The car has failed to start.

**gaanirya** *(oku)gaanirya* v.tr. *gaaniirye* to be mean about, to be stingy with, to be ungenerous with • *Weena ogaanirya muno empiiya.* You are very stingy with money.

**gaanywe** [see *nywe*]

**gaasi** *(o)gaasi* n.1a <from En.> gas • *Ogaasi bamusumbisya emere.* Gas is used to cook food.

**gaaya** [see also *takunya*] *(oku)gaaya* v.tr. *gaayire* (a) to chew • *Omukaire akugaaya eini.* The elderly person is chewing the liver. (b) **gaaya (e)bigambo** to talk over matters, to carry on a discussion with a view to reaching a decision

**gaba** *(oku)gaba* v.ditr. *gabire* (a) to give, to give away, to donate, to distribute • *Nkutaka kugaba ngoye zange ezikaire.* I would like to give away my old clothes. (b) to serve, to dish out • *Tabula obutundwa leke ogabira abagenyi.* Make the passionfruit juice and serve the visitors. (c) to give away (a woman) for marriage • *Omu Buruuli omukoi niye agaba omukali.* In Buruuli it is the brotherin-law who gives away the bride. (d) **gaba (o)bwami** to appoint, designate **gabaituka** *(oku)gabaituka* v.intr. *gabaitukire* (a) to talk nonsense • *Weena ogabaituka muno n'ebigambo.* You talk a lot of nonsense. (b) to move about in a clumsy manner, to run heavily • *Naani oyo akugabaituka nk'omulalu?* Who is that moving about in a clumsy manner like a mad person?

**gabana** *(oku)gabana* v.tr. *gabaine* to share, to split, to divide, to distribute • *Muleete ekikaizo ekyo tukigabane.* Bring that sugar cane and we'll share it.

**gabi** (e.g. *mubabi, bagabi*) adj. generous, unselfish, giving • *Ndi mukali mugabi.* I am a generous woman.

**gabiira** *(oku)gabiira* v.ditr. *gabiriire* to feed, to give food to • *Ka nyabe ngabiire onyana amatai.* Let me go and feed the calf with milk.

**gabiirya** *(oku)gabiirya* v.intr. *gabiriirye* to be overly generous • *Weena ogabiirya muno!* You are overly generous!

**gabira** *(oku)gabira* v.ditr. *gabiire* to distribute, to give out, to deal out • *Gabira abaana abo engoye.* Distribute those clothes among the children.

**gabuka** *(oku)gabuka* v.tr. *gabukire* (of a woman) to marry, to get married to • *ONakato yagabukire ewa Mbangire.* Nakato married Mbangire.

**gabula** *(oku)gabula* v.ditr. *gabwire* (a) to serve (a meal, a dish), to entertain (socially) • *Omukama agabwire ekyaigolo omu kikaali kyamwe.* The king has served a meal in his palace. (b) (to give away (a girl) in marriage without the consent of the girl's parents • *OMusiima yagabwire omwara wa Kimuli.* Musiima gave away Kimuli's daughter in marriage without the consent of her parents. (c) to marry, to pay the bride price • *Omubini yagabwire ewa Kimuli.* The dancer paid the bride price to marry Kimuli's daughter.

**gabulisya** *(oku)gabulisya* v.intr. *gabulisirye* to say thank you (for a meal), to express (one's) gratitude to, to thank • *N'omala okulya ogabulisya.* After eating a meal, you say "Thank you!".

**Gabulyeri** *(o)Gabulyeri* n.1a Gabriel • *OGabulyeri niye malaika eyaleeteire oMaliyamu amawuro ga kubyali-*

*bwa kwa Yesu.* Gabriel is the angel who announced to Mary the news of the birth of Jesus.

**gabunga** *(o)gabunga* n.1a/2 head of a landing site • *Ogabunga niye mukulu wa mwalo.* Gabunga is the head of a landing site.

**gada** *(oku)gada* v.intr. *gadire* (a) (of food) to be wasted due to abundance, to remain • *Abantu badooli abaizire era emere eri edi ekugada.* Few people turned up, and plenty of food was left over. (b) to lose market value • *Emiyembe gigadire ebiro bini.* The mangoes have lost market value nowadays. (c) to waste one's time, to strive for nothing • *Okugadira bwereere okwabayo, tiyakujune.* You are wasting your time by going there, he won't help you. (d) to have problems• *Omulumi akugada n'abaibbi.* The farmer is having problems with thieves.

**gadagada** *(oku)gadagada* v.intr. *gadiregadire* to suffer for a long time, to be in misery • *Omusaiza yagadiregadire n'obulwairwe bwa kansa okumala emyaka itaanu nga akyali kufa.* The man suffered from cancer for five years before finally passing on. **gadi** [see *di*]

**gaduka** *(oku)gaduka* v.intr. *gadukire* to turn back, to return, to turn around • *Tugaduke, abaibbi mbabo bakwiza.* Let's turn back, there are thieves coming.

**gadula** *(oku)gadula* v.tr. *gadwire* to change direction, to turn • *Gadula* *ente.* Get the cattle to go in a different direction.

**gadya** *(oku)gadya* v.tr. *gadirye* to disturb, to cause trouble to, to bother, to challenge • *Abasigazi bakugadya omukaire.* The teens are causing trouble for the old woman. **gaga** *(oku)gaga* v.intr. *gagire* (of food) to be bad, to be spoilt • *Emere*

*egagire.* The food has gone bad. **gai** (e.g. *mugai, zigai, bigai*) adj. (of a gravy) tasty, delicious • *Omukubi omugai guliiriibwe omugeni omukulu.* A delicious gravy has been eaten

**gaiga** (e.g. *mugaiga, ligaiga, bagaiga*) adj. rich, wealthy, well off, prosperous • *Omukali omugaiga abba n'ebintu bingi.* A rich person has a lot of property.

**gaigaigai** *gaigaigai* adv. very, much, a lot • *Ekyoma ekyo kigumu gaigaigai.* The metal is very strong.

**gaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

by the guest of honour.

**gaita** *(oku)gaita* v.tr. *gaitire* (a) to join, to connect, to link • *Enzira eni egaita oNakasongola oku Bugerere.* This road connects Nakasongola with Bugerere. (b) to join in matrimony, to wed • *Omwawule akwaba kugaita abagole.* A priest is going to join the bride and groom in matrimony. (c) to reconcile, to reunite, to bring (back) together, to restore friendly relations between • *ONampiina n'oBalikaki baayawukaine, tukutaka kubagaita.* Nampiina and Balikaki separated, but we want

to reconcile them. (d) to add up numbers, to calculate a sum • *Omu isomero abaana beega okugaita.* In school the children learn to add up numbers. (e) to pay a fine to • *Omukali wange mmugaitire olugoye luni.* I have paid for this garment as a fine to my wife. **gaitiirya** *(oku)gaitiirya* v.tr. *gaitiriirye* to make (one's speech) interesting • *Agaitiirya ebigambo n'anurya orubazo.* She spices up her speech and makes it flowery.

**gaitika** *(oku)gaitika* v.tr. *gaitikire* (a) to mix, to blend, to combine • *Gaitika amaido n'ebiyimba tukole omukubi.* Mix groundnuts with beans so that we can make a sauce. (b) to have many sexual partners, to sleep around • *Omusaiza oyo agaitika abakali.* That man sleeps with many women.

**gaitulula** *(oku)gaitulula* v.tr. *gaitulwire* (a) to separate, to undo, to loosen, to disengage, to take apart, to untangle • *Gaitulula emigwa egyeroobere.* Undo those intertwined ropes. (b) to divorce, to grant divorce, to separate • *Ekooti yagaitulwire oKazibwe n'omukali waamwe.* The court granted a divorce to Kazibwe and his wife.

**galaala** *(oku)galaala* v.intr. *galaire* to be lazy, to be idle • *Lwaki okugalaala otyo?* Why are you so lazy?

**galaarya** *(oku)galaarya* v.tr. *galairye* to cause to delay, to cause to be lazy, to cause to be negligent • *Obwire obubbi bwatugalairye.* The bad

weather delayed us.

**galabbuka** *(oku)galabbuka* v.intr. *galabbukire* (a) to rush, to dash, to bolt • *Ogaragara agalabbuka nga aniina omusaale.* The red-headed rock agama rushes up the tree. (b) to startle awake • *Nawuliire orukungo ni ngalabbuka.* I heard a wail and I started up from sleep.

**galabbula** *(oku)galabbula* v.tr. *galabbwire* (a) to wake (up) suddenly, to startle from sleep • *Olukungo nirwo lwangalabbwire omu tulo.* The wail woke me up suddenly from sleep. (b) to cause to run away, to make flee • *Omwibbi baamugalabbwire n'airuka.* They made the thief flee.

**galagi** *(e)galagi* n.9/10 <from En.> garage • *Nje atalina motoka egalagi ya ki?* Why do I need a garage when I don't have a car?

**galala** adv. (of matoke) in the unmashed way • *Abageni yabasumbire amatooke galala.* She served visitors unmashed matoke.

**galama** *(oku)galama* v.intr. *galamire* to lie on the back • *Omusomesya akobere abaana bagalame.* The teacher has told the pupils to lie on their backs.

**galamira** *(oku)galamira* v.intr. *galamiire* to lie down, to recline • *Galamira nkusuunye.* Lie down so that I can cane you.

**galanga** *(oku)galanga* v.intr. *galangire* to scatter all over, to spread, to be dispersed • *Nyajirye ebintu byange bikugalanga.* I found my things

# scattered all over.

**galangatana** *(oku)galangatana* v.intr. *galangataine* to be unstable, to be unsteady, to be clumsy, to hesitate • *Emirumo gyamwe gigalangataine.* His business is unstable.

**galani** *(e)galani* n.9/10 <from En.> gallon • *Oitaabwe abaguliire egalani ya butto.* Their father has bought them a gallon of cooking oil.

**galanja** *(oku)galanja* v.tr. *galanjirye* to neglect, to fail to look after, to mishandle, to reject • *Mukali we lwaki okugalanja omwana?* Woman, why do you neglect the child?

**galanzuka** *(oku)galanzuka* v.intr. *galanzukire* to roll, to turn around, to rotate • *Obwairai omwana akugalanzuka omu itakali.* The child has been rolling on the ground for a long time.

**galanzula** *(oku)galanzula* v.tr. *galanzwire* to roll, to turn around, to rotate • *Omwana akugalanzula omwirawaamwe.* A child is rolling his friend on the ground.

**galeegere** *(o)galeegere* n.1a youthful girl (about fifteen years old) • *Omwala galeegere babba n'amaani gaingi.* Youthful girls are very energetic.

**galika** *(oku)galika* v.tr. *galikire* to turn upside down, to set down on the back, to turn over on the back • *Agalikire akagaali.* He has turned the bicycle upside down.

**Galiraaya**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Galiraaya* n.1a Galilee (a region of ancient Palestine associated with the ministry of Jesus)

**Galiraaya**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Galiraaya* n.1a town in the Kayunga District where Kakungulu's fortresses are found

**galubindi** *(e)galubindi* n.10 <from Persian via Sw.> glasses, goggles, spectacles • *Ebiro bini abantu baingi bazwala egalubindi.* Many people wear glasses nowadays.

**galula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)galula* v.tr. *galwire* (a) to raise up (a hand) with an intention to hit, to lift (a hand) • *OKasangaki ni yagalwire omukono, omugwairalu n'airuka.* When Kasangaki lifted his hand, the mad man ran away. (b) to aim with a raised hand or with something in the hand, to raise • *Omuyigi agalwire eisumu n'omukono ogumoso.* The hunter aimed a spear with his left hand.

**galula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)galula* v.tr. *galwire* to return, to give back • *Galula ensawu yange mwirange.* Return my bag, please.

**gambaana**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gambaana* v.intr. *gambaine* to mediate, to arbitrate, to reconcile • *Omwegesya agambaana akati wa beegi n'ababyaire.* The teacher mediates between students and parents.

**gambaana**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gambaana* v.intr. *gambaine* to make noise, to be noisy • *Abaana bakugambaana muno.* The children are making a lot of noise.

**gambulukuka** *(oku)gambulukuka* v.intr. *gambulukukire* (of a layer) to come off, to become detached • *Esoole ya nkaito yange egambulukukire.* The sole of my shoe has come

# off.

**gambulula** *(oku)gambulula* v.tr. *gambululwire* to take off, to detach, to unstuck, to peel off • *Gambulula ebipande ebyo ku lwige.* Peel off those posters from my door.

**gampwoire** *(o)gampwoire* n.1a very weak person, disappointed person, hopeless person • *Omulwaire waiswe afuukire gampwoire.* Our patient has become very weak.

**gana** *(oku)gana* v.intr. *ganire* to recite rhymes or poems • *Ozeiza waiswe atuganira buli lwaigolo.* Our grandmother recites rhymes for us every evening.

**gangaira** *(oku)gangaira* v.intr. *gangaire* to be very drunk, to be gorged, to be stuffed (with food or drink) • *Omusaiza oyo anywa amalwa n'agangaira.* That man drinks alcohol and becomes very drunk.

**gangama** *(oku)gangama* v.intr. *gangaime* to sprawl • *Omwami agangaime omu ntebe.* The chief is sprawling in the chair.

**gangamala** *(oku)gangamala* v.intr. *gangamaire* to sprawl, to sit improperly, to sit inappropriately • *Naani oyo agangamaire?* Who is this person who is sprawling?

**gangazwaki** (e.g. *mugangazwik, bagangazwaki*) adj. very tall • *OSembatya mugangazwaki.* Sembatya is a very tall man.

**gange** [see *ange*]

**gani** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**ganiza** *(oku)ganiza* v.tr. *ganiize* to

recite rhymes or poems • *Iza otuganize.* Come and recite a rhyme for us.

**ganja** *(oku)ganja* v.intr. *ganjirye* to be liked, to be loved, to be admired • *Omuntu omwenda aganja muno.* A generous person is well-liked.

**ganya** *(oku)ganya* v.tr. *ganyire* to allow, to permit, to let, to give approval to, to authorize • *Otomuganya kwira.* Don't allow him to come back.

**ganyika** *(oku)ganyika* v.tr. *ganyikire* to admit, to accept, to believe • *Ni mwampangula naganyika.* If you defeat me, I will accept it.

**ganyira** *(oku)ganyira* v.tr. *ganyiire* to forgive, to bear with, to grant pardon, to tolerate • *Tukusaba Allah atuganyire ebibbi byaiswe.* We ask Allah to forgive our sins.

**ganyula** *(oku)ganyula* v.tr. *ganywire* to benefit, to be advantageous to, to be beneficial to, to profit • *Okusoma kuganyula abantu baingi.* Education benefits many people.

**ganza** *(oku)ganza* v.tr. *ganzire* to fall in love with, to make a favourite of, to take a liking to • *Omwojo oyo yaganza omwala omugeni.* That boy will fall in love with a visiting girl.

**ganzira** *(oku)ganzira* v.intr. *ganziire* to go and live on an island • *Omaama yaganzire ati emyaka ikumi.* Mom went to stay on the islands, and it has now been ten years.

**ganzulya** *(oku)ganzulya* v.intr. *ganzwirye* (of mushrooms) to open

**gara** *(e)gara* n.9 huge thing, enormous thing • *Omukali yayombokere enyumba gara.* He constructed a huge house.

**garaama** *(e)garaama* n.9 expense, cost • *Eyo egaraama gikooto.* This is a huge expense.

**garagara** *(o)garagara* n.1a/10 redheaded rock agama (*Agama agama*) • *Lwaki ebigaragara byendya okubba oku misaale?* Why do agamas like to stay in the trees?

**garai** (e.g. *mugari, bagarai*) adj. lazy • *Omuntu omugarai tasobola kukola mu bbanka.* A lazy person cannot work in a bank.

**garaituka** *(oku)garaituka* v.intr. *garaitukire* to walk carelessly • *Weena ogaraituka muno.* You walk very carelessly.

**garama** (e.g. *mugarama, bagarama*) adj. oppressed, keep down • *Abantu abagarama bateekwa okulwaniira eidembe lyabwe.* Oppressed people need to fight for their freedom.

**garamba**<sup>1</sup> *(o)garamba* n.1a/10 sweet plantain • *Ogaramba bamulya mwoce.* Sweet plantain is usually eaten after being roasted.

**garamba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)garamba* v.intr. *garambire* to act lazily, to be lazy • *OKato akugaramba.* Kato is acting lazy. **garambi** (e.g. *mugambi, bagalambi*) adj. lazy • *Omukoli wange mugarambi.* My worker is lazy.

**garaweire** *(e)garaweire* n.1a/10 huge thing • *Akuvuga emotoka garaweire.* He is driving a huge vehicle.

**gasa** *(oku)gasa* v.tr. *gasire* to be useful to, to be of use to, to be profitable to • *Enyondo egasa omuweesi.* The hammer is useful to the blacksmith. **gasaare** interj. good job (expression of approval to a person making millet brew to which he responds "Marwa".) • *Gasaare!* Good job!

**gasirwa** *(oku)gasirwa* v.intr. *gasiirwe* to benefit from, to profit from, to gain from • *Ngasiirwe omu ntuuyo zange.* I have benefitted from my hard work.

**gavana** *(o)gavana* n.1a/2 <from En.> governor • *Ogavana wa bbanka aloleera emirimu gya bbanka.* The bank governor oversees the activities of the banks.

**gavumenti** *(e)gavumenti* n.9/10 <from En.> government • *Buli gavumenti ebba n'obuyinza bwingi.* Every government has a lot of power.

**gawuni** *(e)gawuni* n.9/10 <from En.> gown • *Bamukoleire egawuni ya matiikira gaamwe.* They have made her a gown for her graduation.

**gaya** *(oku)gaya* v.tr. *gayire* (a) to look down (up)on, to mock, to despise • *Otangaya lwa budooli.* Don't look down on me because of my small size. (b) scoffing, mocking • *Tinyendya kubba n'abantu bagaya.* I hate living with scoffing people.

**gayaala** *(oku)gayaala* v.intr. *gayaire* to act lazily, to be lazy • *Ni wagayaala tiwayakale bibuulyo.* If you are lazy, you won't pass the exams.

**gayiira** *(oku)gayiira* v.tr. *gayiriire*

to doubt someone's potential • *Leka kugayiira bantu.* Stop doubting people's potential.

**gazi** (e.g. *gigazi, lugazi, zigazi*) adj. spacious, wide • *Ensawo gini gigazi omunda.* This bag is spacious inside. **gaziya** *(oku)gaziya* v.tr. *gaziyirye* to widen, to enlarge, to broaden, to expand, to extend • *Enzira ya Nakasongola bakugigaziya.* They are widening the Nakasongola road.

**gazulubana** *(oku)gazulubana* v.intr. *gazulubaine* to show excessive greed, to be greedy • *Omukali odi akugazulubana n'esente.* She is showing excessive greed for money.

**geeta** *(oku)geeta* v.tr. *geetere* to backbite, to badmouth, to gossip about • *Ageeta omuganda waamwe.* He badmouths his own brother.

**geeti** *(e)geeti* n.9/10 <from En.> gate • *Kingawo egeeti.* Close the gate.

**gegeera**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gegeera* v.intr. *gegeire* to glow, to gleam • *Ekyoma kikugegeera.* The metal is glowing.

**gegeera**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gegeera* v.intr. *gegeire* to be filthy, to be extremely untidy • *Ewoofiisi y'abajwaka egegeire.* The youth office is filthy.

**gegera** *(oku)gegera* v.intr. *gegeire* to laugh insultingly, to ridicule • *Timmaite lwaki okugegera otyo.* I don't know why you are laughing insultingly like that.

**gei** adv. totally, absolutely, at all **geiga** *(oku)geiga* v.intr. *geigere* (a) to blaze, to burn, to be in flames • *Enyumba ya Nakalebe eku-* *geiga.* What's-her-name's house is in flames. (b) to look healthy, to look attractive • *Omukali n'atoola enda ageiga.* When a woman is pregnant, she looks attractive.

**geigeigei** [see also *gai and gei*] adv. totally, absolutely, at all • *Amatwi gaigaire geigeigei.* The ears cannot hear at all.

**geita** [see *geeta*]

**geiza** *(oku)geiza* v.intr. *geizere* to put on weight, to gain weight, to get fat, to become fat • *Ogeizere ebiro bini.* You have put on weight lately.

**geizulukuka** *(oku)geizulukuka* v.intr. *geizulukukire* to become overweight, to become obese • *Omwojo oyo yageizulukukire.* That boy has become obese.

**gema** *(oku)gema* v.tr. *gemere* to immunise, to vaccinate • *Mutwale abaana babageme.* Take the children to be immunised.

**gemba** *(oku)gemba* v.tr. *gembere* (a) to shave, to trim • *Agemba eisoke buli sabbiiti.* He shaves his hair every week. (b) to perform last funeral rites

• *Tukwaba kugemba lumbe.* We are going to celebrate the last funeral rites.

**gemula** *(oku)gemula* v.tr. *gemwire* (a) to give away at a low price or for free • *Ampi batugemuliirembe ebyakulya omu katale.* They almost gave the food away for free. (b) to make a feast for, to hold a feast for • *OMuseveni yagemwire abageni e Kyankwazi.* Museveni held a feast for the visitors

at Kyankanzi.

**gendeera** [see *genderera*]

**genderera** *(oku)genderera* v.tr. *gendereire* (a) to intend, to aim at, to have in mind • *OKayemba yagendereire kuntoola omu kifo kini.* Kayemba intended to take me away from that place. (b) to watch out, to be careful with, to be cautious with • *Genderera ng'okwakala oku lutindo olwo.* Be careful while crossing that bridge.

**genderya** *(oku)genderya* v.tr. *gendeirye* to gather (millet grains) in the centre while grinding

**gendura** *(oku)gendura* v.tr. *gendwire* to prepare a meal for spirits (It is believed that sprits eat through people. Occasionally traditional priests organise function during which people come together to dine on behalf of the spirits.) • *Okibandwa akugenduura embandwa zaamwe.* The traditional priest is preparing a meal for his spirits.

**genekera** *(oku)genekera* v.tr. *genekere* to filter, to seep through, to strain, to censor, to submit to censorship • *Okufuna omuunyu tugenekera eikoke.* To get salt, we filter the ash.

**genya** *(oku)genya* v.intr. *genyere* to relapse, to fall back, to have a relapse, to get worse again, to get ill again • *Omukaire waamwe agenyere.* His parent had a relapse.

**genyiwaara** *(oku)genyiwaara* v.tr. *genyiwaire* to go for a visit, to visit, to call on • *Koba abaana baabe ba-* *genyiwaare ozeiza waabwe.* Ask the children to go and visit their grandparent.

**genyiwala** [see *genyiwaara*]

**genyula** *(oku)genyula* v.tr. *genywire* to serve food (to visitors) • *Abageni obagenywire ki?* What have you served to the visitors?

**genza** *(oku)genza* v.tr. *genzere* to nurse, to care for, to look after, to take care of • *Yaabire kugenza mulwaire mu irwaro.* She went to take care of the patient in the hospital.

**gera**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gera* v.tr. *geere* (a) to determine, to regulate, to rule • *OKanca nimwo agera atyo ebintu.* That is how God determines things. (b) to measure, to make a measurement • *Agera amaizi aga kubbatikira.* She measures the quantity of water needed to make the millet paste. (c) to time, to schedule, to plan • *Amaite okugera obwire bwa kusiga.* She knows how to time the planting season.

**gera**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gera* v.tr. *geere* to narrate, to tell a story, to recite • *OKato agera engero ezisemerya abaana.* Kato tells stories which make the children happy.

**geraageranya** *(oku)geraageranya* v.tr. *geraagerainye* (a) to determine, to estimate, to measure • *Geraageranya empiiya ezikulooma mu lubbimbi olwo.* Determine the amount of money for the piece of land to be cleared. (b) to compare, to contrast, to equate • *Omwegi akugeraa-* *geranya omulembe gwa Amin n'ogwa Obote.* The student is drawing a comparison between Amin's and Obote's reign.

**geragerya** *(oku)geragerya* v.tr. *geragerye* to compare, to contrast • *Akugeragerya esowaani ezo abone ekusinga obukooto.* She is comparing those plates to see which one is better.

**gere** (e.g. *gigere, bigere, bugere*) adj. (of time) regular, specific • *Ebintu byamwe abikoora mu bwire obugere.* She does her work at a specific time. **geregere** adv. truly, really, absolutely, without a doubt • *OBusaaja mwana wange geregere.* Busaaja is really my child.

**gereja** *(oku)gereja* v.tr. *gerejerye* (a) to try, to attempt, to make an attempt • *Akugereja okukola ebintu bingi.* She is trying to manage multiple tasks. (b) to dare, to risk, to have the courage • *Omwana tagereja kukubba mubyaire waamwe.* A child doesn't dare to beat his parent.

**geta** *(oku)geta* v.tr. *getere* to forge, to build, to construct, to form, to create, to carve • *Ndaani nkugeta akameeza okuzwa omu kikonkoro.* I am here trying to carve a stool from a stump.

**geyeena** *(e)geyeena* n.9 hell • *Abakoli ba bibbi balyaba omu geyeena.* Wrong-doers will go to hell.

**geza** *(oku)geza* v.tr. *getere* (a) to try, to dare • *Geza oize ani wambona.* Dare to come and you will see.

(b) to test, to put to test, to take as an example

**gezaku** *(oku)gezaku* v.tr. *gezereku* to try, to make an attempt, to attempt • *Yagezereku okumweta emirundi ebiri.* She tried to call him twice.

**gezesya** *(oku)gezesya* v.tr. *gezeserye* (a) to test for suitability, to examine • *Bakugezesya motoka babone oba joomi.* They are testing the car to assess its mechanical condition. (b) to interview • *Gezesya omwana oyo tumanye obanga yasobola ekya musanju.* Interview that pupil and find out if he can manage the seventh form.

**gezi** (e.g. *mugezi, bagezi, kigezi*) adj. intelligent, wise, bright, smart • *Omu isomero lini mulimu abeegi abagezi baingi.* There are many intelligent students in this school.

**gezigezi** (e.g. *mugezigezi, bagezigezi*) adj. (a) cunning, sly • *Genderera omusaiza oyo mugezigezi.* Be cautious, that man is cunning. (b) creative, inventive, imaginative, innovative, experimental, original, artistic • *Nje ndi mukali mugezigezi.* I am a creative woman.

**geziwala** *(oku)geziwala* v.intr. *geziwaire* to be shrewd, to be wise, to be smart, to be intelligent • *Genderera omwojo oyo ebiro bini yageziwaire.* Be cautious, that boy has become shrewd nowadays.

**ggu** ideo. with a hard knock of a head • *Abandire omwomo be ggu.* He hit the wall very hard.

**gi-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement

prefix of class 4 on verbs

**gi-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject (in some dialects) and object agreement prefix of class 9 on verbs

**gidi** [see *di*]

**giginala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)giginala* v.intr. *giginaire* (a) (of teeth) to protrude, to stick out • *Amaino ga musaiza gaagiginaire.* The man's teeth are protruding. (b) to show teeth, to laugh annoyingly • *Okugiginala ki?* Why are you showing your teeth?

**giginala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)giginala* v.intr. *giginaire* to be dirty and disorderly • *Esowaani za wooteeri y'awo zigiginala.* The plates used in that hotel are always dirty and disorderly.

**giginali**<sup>1</sup> (e.g. *mugiginali, kigiginali, ligiginali*) adj. (of teeth) protruding • *Amaino ga musaiza gagiginali.* The man's teeth are protruding.

**giginali**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mugiginali, kigiginali, ligiginali*) adj. (a) dirty and disorderly • *Lwaki ni munywa obuugi muleka ebikopo nga bigiginali?* Why do you leave the cups dirty and disorderly after eating maize porridge? (b) coarse, large • *Batugabwire omukubi gwa binyoobwa ebigiginali.* They have served us groundnut sauce with coarse particles.

**giginalya (a)maino** *(oku)giginalya amaino* v.intr. *giginairye* to shout rude comments at someone as if his/her teeth are protruding

**gimba** *(oku)gimba* v.tr. *gimbire* to row, to paddle • *Bakugimba obwato.* They are rowing the boat.

**ginga** *(oku)ginga* v.tr. *gingire* to carry in hands (e.g. baby, luggage) • *Ni babba bakwaba niye aginga omwana.* When they are travelling, he carries the child.

**ginginiza** *(oku)ginginiza* v.intr. *ginginiize* to be obstinate, to be stubborn • *Omwojo oyo aginginiza.* That child is obstinate.

**gini** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**ginya** *(oku)ginya* v.tr. *ginyire* (a) to wrinkle, to crumple, to crease (b) **ginya (o)busyo** to be angry (lit. wrinkle one's forehead), to be furious • *Mwajiirye aginyire obusyo.* I found him angry. (c) to spoil (a person), to pamper • *Omukyala oyo aginya abaana baamwe.* That woman spoils her children.

**gira**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gira* v.tr. *giire* to have, to own, to be endowed with • *Ogira amagezi gaingi.* You are endowed with much intelligence.

**gira**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gira* v.intr. *giire* to do meanwhile, to do in the meantime • *Ogira obba awo ka nyize.* Meanwhile, stay here until I come back.

**giraasi** *(e)giraasi* n.9/10 <from En.> glass (a drinking container) • *Nywire egiraasi isatu eza maizi.* I have taken three glasses of water.

**giribwa** *(e)giribwa* n.9/10 <from Sw.> carpenter's vise • *Omubaizi akolesya egiribwa okukwatira amwe ekintu ky'akusala.* A carpenter uses a vise to hold tightly a thing he is cutting.

**girita** *(e)girita* n.9/10 <from En.> ra-

zor blade • *Otazeenyesya girita eyo ekwiza kukusala.* Don't play with that razor blade, it will cut you.

**gita** *(e)gita* n.9/10 <from En.> guitar • *Akuleega egita.* He is tuning the guitar.

**giya** *(e)giya* n.9/10 <from En.> gear • *Emotoka giteemu egiya twabe.* Put the car in gear and let's go.

**go** pro. (a) they (class 6 independent pronoun) (b) they (class 22 independent pronoun)

**goba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)goba* v.tr. *gobere* (a) to chase, to run after, to hunt • *Goba onkoko oyo tumusale.* Chase that chicken and we'll slaughter it. (b) to dismiss, to discontinue • *Bakwiza okukugoba oku mulumu n'otaakole kusai.* You will be dismissed from your job if you don't work hard.

**goba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)goba* v.intr. *gobere* (of fishermen) to approach, to arrive at the shore • *Abategi bakugoba oku kyambu.* The fishermen are approaching the landing site.

**gobya** (e.g. *mubobya, bagobya*) adj. shrewd, treacherous • *Oibawaamwe musaiza mugobya.* Her husband is treacherous.

**goda** *(oku)goda* v.tr. *godere* to bend, to shape into a curve, to fold • *Omwigi agoda akasaale okukola omutego.* The hunter bends a stick to make a bow.

**godobala** *(oku)godobala* v.intr. *godobaire* (a) (of metal) to bend • *Omutayimbwa gugodobaire.* The iron rod is bent. (b) to be paralysed • *Epureesa*

*zaamukubbire n'agodobala.* He was paralysed due to high blood pressure.

**godobali** (e.g. *gigodobali, migidobali, kigidomali*) adj. bent • *Emitayimbwa egigodobali gizibu okugolola.* The bent iron rods are hard to unbend.

**gogo** ideo. enormous, huge • *Oyo enyumba gogo.* That is a huge house. **gogola**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gogola* v.tr. *gogoire* to clear, clean (e.g. well, drainage), to unclog • *Katwabe tugogole edaamu yaiswe.* Let us go and unclog our dam.

**gogolo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)gogolo* n.1a sliding game • *Abaana baabire kuzeenya gogolo.* The children have gone to play the sliding game.

**gogonoka** *(oku)gogonoka* v.intr. *gogonokere* (a) to sleep and mind nothing, to sleep unaware of the surrounding • *Abandi baasiganga ebinyoobwa ye ng'agogonokere.* While others were planting groundnuts, she was sleeping without being aware of anything. (b) to act reluctantly, to do unwillingly • *Omusaiza bakumweta baitu akugogonokambe.* The man was called, but he is waking up reluctantly. (c) (of banana) to fall off from the banana tree (e.g. due to heavy weight, strong wind) • *Ekitooke kikugogonoka.* The banana has fallen off of the banana plant.

**gogonola** *(oku)gogonola* v.tr. *gogonoire* to unsheathe a plant (e.g. a banana stem) • *Omulumi wa bigogo omusai agogonola ebigogo.* A good

banana grower unsheathes the fibres from the mother plant.

**goida** *(oku)goida* v.tr. *goidere* (a) to pierce, to stab • *Omwibbi bamugoidere ekisaale mu kida.* They stabbed the thief with a stick in the stomach. (b) to beat hard (using a stick) • *Baamugoidere omwigo.* He was beaten hard with a stick.

**goita** *(oku)goita* v.tr. *goitere* to mash, to puree, to pound • *Agoitere emere.* She has mashed the food.

**goitya** *(oku)goitya* v.tr. *goiterye* to mix tunes • *OBandumba amaite okugoitya endiga.* Bandumba knows how to mix the xylophone tunes.

**golo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)golo* n.1a/10 cat • *Ogolo ayendya muno amatai.* The cat likes milk a lot.

**golo**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *zigolo, gigolo, bigolo*) adj. lean, not fatty • *Enyama ya biro bini gigolo.* Nowadays the meat is lean.

**gologolo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)gologolo* n.1a/10 small type of tilapia • *Ebinage ebikooto byaweire omu nyanja atibuni tukulya bugologolo.* The big tilapias are scarce in the lake, nowadays we are eating the small type of tilapia.

**gologolo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)gologolo* n.1a/10 container • *Okwendya egologolo zingai eza biyimba?* How many containers of beans do you want?

**golokoka** *(oku)golokoka* v.intr. *golokokere* (a) to stand straight, to stand at attention, to be in position of at attention • *Abasirikale bagolokoka nga bali oku pareedi.* The soldiers stand at attention during a parade. (b) to be

well built, to be sturdy, to be muscular • *Omuboine omusaiza eyagolokokere?* Have you seen the well-built man? (c) to be straight to the point, to speak in a direct or frank manner • *Golokola omu rubazo lwamu.* Get straight to the point when you talk. **golokoki** (e.g. *gikolokoki, gigolokoki, lugolokoki*) adj. (a) straight, linear, without curves • *Enzira eyo gigolokoki.* That road is straight. (b) well built, sturdy, muscular • *Omusaiza oni mugolokoki.* This man is well built. (c) frank, transparent, direct, forthright • *Omwebemberi waiswe mugolokoki.* Our leader is transparent.

**golola** *(oku)golola* v.tr. *goloire* (a) to straighten, to make straight, to stretch, to make upright • *Omwomboki yagoloire omutayimbwa.* The builder straightened the iron rod. (b) to mark, to grade, to score, to assess, to evaluate • *Mmaare okugolola ebibuulyo.* I have finished marking the exams. (c) to correct (e.g. a person) • *Omwana n'asiisa bamugolola.* When a child makes a mistake, he is corrected. (d) to iron, to press • *Naani akugolola engoye zange olwaleero?* Who is ironing my clothes today?

**golomoka** *(oku)golomoka* v.intr. *golomokere* to perish, to disappear, to vanish • *Amaka gaamu gagolomokere.* Your home has disappeared.

**golomola** *(oku)golomola* v.tr. *golomoire* (a) to push (a boat into the water) • *Iza onjuneku tugolomole erya-* goloolo

*to liire oku maizi.* Come and give me a hand, let's push the boat into the water. (b) to exorcise, to drive out, to expel • *Omuseegu agolomola amembe omu nyanja.* The traditional priest exorcises the evil spirits into the lake.

**goloolo** *(o)goloolo* n.1a/10 ball made from soil • *Bulunga ogoloolo.* Form the soil into balls.

**goma** *(o)goma* n.1a/10 intestines of a pig • *Ogoma awunya muno.* Pigs' intestines stink.

**gomba** *(oku)gomba* v.tr. *gombere* to clean (nets in preparation for fishing) • *Abategi baabire kugomba butimba.* The fishermen have gone to clean up the fishing nets.

**gomberya** *(oku)gomberya* v.intr. *gombeirye* (in wrestling) to use one's leg to trap the opponent in order to throw him down

**gombya** *(oku)gomba* v.intr. *gombere* to sit down cross-legged • *Bagombya amagulu nga bakulya.* They sit down cross-legged when they are eating.

**gomesi** *(e)gomesi* n.9/10 gomesi (a long dress traditionally worn by the Baganda women on formal occasions) • *Guura omukali waamu egomesi.* Buy your wife a gomesi.

**gona** *(oku)gona* v.intr. *gonere* (a) to be asleep • *Omwana agonere.* The baby is asleep. (b) to spend a night • *Wagonere ayi?* Where did you spend the night?

**gonda** *(oku)gonda* v.intr. *gondere* (a)

to soften, to become soft • *Amenju gatandikire okugonda.* The yellow bananas have started to soften. (b) to give in, to surrender • *Gonda bakutwale oku poliisi.* Surrender and let yourself be taken to the police station.

**gondobala** *(oku)gondobala* v.intr. *gondobaire* to suffer from a stroke • *Ozeiza wange yagondobaire.* My grandparent had a stroke.

**gondoora** *(oku)gondoora* v.tr. *gondoire* <from archaic> to sing • *Abasaiza abakulu bakugondoora.* Old men are singing.

**gondu** (e.g. *gugondi, bigondi, kigondi*) adj. (a) soft, mushy, squashy • *Omugaati guni gugondu muno.* This bread is very soft. (b) obedient, obeying • *Omwana oyo mugondu.* That child is obedient.

**gondya** *(oku)gondya* v.tr. *gonderye* (a) to pound into fine particles, to grind up, to mill • *Amaido ago gagondye kusai.* Pound those groundnuts into fine particles. (b) to soften • *Ni oinika enyama egikalu ogigondya.* When you soak smoked meat, you soften it.

**goneera** *(oku)goneera* v.intr. *goneereire* (a) to mumble, to murmur • *Yagoneereirembe ni namubwire ekibuulyo.* He simply murmured when I asked him a question.

**gongera** *(oku)gongera* v.intr. *gongeire* (b) to be annoyed, to be upset, to lose one's temper • *Omusaiza agongeire.* The man is annoyed.

**gongeri** (e.g. *mugoneri, bagongeri*) adj. annoyed, upset, angry • *Mwana wange, ndi mugongeri olwa mpisa zaamu ezibbi.* My daughter, I am annoyed with your bad behaviour.

**gongerya** *(oku)gongerya* v.tr. *gongeirye* to annoy, to upset • *Mwana wange, engeso zaamu ezibbi zingongerya.* My son, your bad behaviour annoys me.

**gongobala** *(oku)gongobala* v.intr. *gongobaire* (a) to be disabled, to be paralysed, to be incapacitated, to be physically handicapped, to be immobilised • *Omusaiza yalwaire n'agongobala.* The man fell sick and became disabled. (b) (of metallic objects) to be dented, to have a dent • *Esefuliya yange egongobaire.* My saucepan has a dent.

**gongobalya** *(oku)gongobalya* v.tr. *gongobairye* to dent • *Esefuliya bagigongobairye.* They have dented the saucepan.

**gongoizoka** *(oku)gongoizoka* v.intr. *gongoizokere* to be touchy, to be sensitive, to by hypersensitive, to by easily offended, to by thin-skinned • *Weena ogongoizoka muno.* You are very sensitive.

**gongolo** *(o)gongolo* n.1a/6 millipede • *Amagongolo galya obutiko.* Millipedes eat mushrooms.

**gonjai** *(o)gonjai* n.1a/10 plantain (often roasted) • *Munyocerye oku gonjai ndyeku.* Roast some plantain for me to eat.

**gonjoola** *(oku)gonjoola* v.tr. *gonjoi-*

*re* to settle, to put in order, to rectify, to regularize, to straighten out. • *Ensonga zaabwe zoona bazigonjoire.* They have settled all their problems. **gonobolya** *(oku)gonobolya* v.tr. *gonoboirye* to prune, to cut back • *ONakimuli akugonobolya ebigogo.* Nakimuli is pruning the banana plants.

**gonza** *(oku)gonza* v.tr. *gonzere* to love, to like • *OMukalasa agonza abantu.* Mukalasa likes people.

**gonze** conj. (a) even if, even though, although • *Gonze wayaba oliira.* Even if you go, you will come back. (b) not even • *Ndoowo gonze omuntu omwei.* Not even a single person helped him.

**gooda** *(oku)gooda* v.intr. *goodere* to sit (in a circle) • *Abaana bagoodere.* The children sat in a circle.

**googola** *(oku)googola* v.tr. *googoire* to make (sisal fibre), to decorticate • *Nkwaba kugoogola nkosi za kuluka mugwa.* I am going to make sisal fibre and weave a rope.

**gooka** *(oku)gooka* v.intr. *gookere* to lose weight, to slim, to get thinner • *ONampeera k'agookere.* Nampeera has lost weight.

**goolo** *(e)goolo* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) score, goal • *Babateebere egoolo musanju.* They defeated them by seven goals. (b) goal post

**gootaana** *(oku)gootaana* v.intr. *gootaine* to be unstable, to unsteady, to insecure • *Eiduuka lyamwe likugootaana.* Her shop is unstable.

**gootaanya** *(oku)gootaanya* v.tr. *gootainye* to destabilise, to disorganise, to thwart, to mess up • *Obworo bugootaanya emirumo gya bantu.* Poverty destabilises people's businesses.

**goozi** *(e)goozi* n.9 <from En.> gauze • *Baamutairemu goozi omu kyoya n'anyuunyunta amaara.* They put gauze into her wound so that it extracts pus.

**goteza** [see also *zingiza*] *(oku)goteza* v.tr. *goteize* to surround, to besiege **goya** *(oku)goya* v.tr. *goyere* (a) to mingle, to mix • *Omwala okugoya akaita.* The girl is mixing millet paste. (b) to destroy, to ruin, to damage • *Ompungo yagoyere endumiro ya bitooke ati titulina mere.* The wind destroyed the banana plantation, now we have no food.

**gozolya** *(oku)gozolya* v.intr. *gozoirye* to persevere, to persist, to continue, to carry on, to go on • *Ntambwire olugendo lukooto, nkugozolyambe, baitu naika.* I have walked a long way, despite that I'll continue until I reach home.

**gu-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 3 on verbs

**gu-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of noun class 20 on verbs **gubba** *(oku)gubba* v.intr. *gubbire* (a) to be dirty, to be soiled • *Abamakanika bagubba muno.* The mechanics get dirty. (b) to be used to something • *Abanayuganda baagubbire obworo.* Ugandans are used to poverty. (c) to

be stone-hearted, to cruel, to pitiless, to unfeeling • *Omusaiza yagubbire ati okwita bantu.* The man is stonehearted and is now killing people.

**gubbagubbana** *(oku)gubbagubbana* v.intr. *gubbagubbaine* to be very dirty • *Omusigazi aizire ani nga agubbagubbaine.* The youths came here excessively dirty.

**gubbi** (e.g. *zigubbi, bigubbi, lugubbi*) adj. (a) dirty, filthy, soiled • *Engoye zange zigubbi.* My clothes are dirty. (b) hard, firm, solid, rigid, stiff, resistant, tough • *Omuwogo ogwo gugubbi.* That cassava is hard. (c) stonehearted, cruel, pitiless, unfeeling • *Omwojo waamwe mugubbi wa mwoyo.* His boy is stone-hearted.

**gubuura** *(oku)gubuura* v.tr. *guubwire* to make smooth, to polish • *Yaba ogubuure ebisiika bya nyumba.* Go and make the walls of the house smooth.

**gudi** [see *di*]

**gudu** *(o)kugudu* n.1a/10 giant puffball (kind of mushroom, *Calvatia gigantea*) • *Ogudu awooma muno.* The giant puffball is delicious.

**guduka** *(oku)guduka* v.intr. *gudukire* (a) to jump, to leap, to spring, to hop • *Nyakaire oku baana nga bakuguduka.* I passed by the children jumping. (b) to dance, to make merry, to have a party, to have fun • *Baagudukire obwire bwona.* They had fun for the whole night.

**gudula** *(oku)gudula* v.intr./tr. *gudwire* (a) to stamp down heavily with

feet, to trample (on) • *Abasirikale bakudugula ku itakali.* The soldiers are stamping heavily on the ground. (b) to gulp, to swallow quickly • *Amaizi yagagudwirembe.* He just gulped the water. (c) (of a wheel) to wobble • *Omupiira gukwaba gugudula.* The wheel is wobbling.

**guga** *(oku)guga* v.tr. *gugire* (of animals) to lick • *Ente ziguga omuunyu buli bwire.* The cows lick salt every day.

**gugula** *(oku)gugula* v.intr. *gugwire* (a) to act reluctantly, to do unwillingly (b) to resist, to oppose, to fight against • *Yagugwire nga bakumukwata.* He resisted the arrest. (c) to reverberate, to resound • *Eitakali ligugula nga eroole eyeetiikire ebikaizo ekwakala.* The ground reverberates when a lorry loaded with sugar cane passes. (d) to have a heated argument, to argue • *Ab'omu eka eyo lwaki bakugugula?* Why are the members of that family having a heated argument?

**gugulana** *(oku)gugulana* v.intr. *gugulaine* to have a dispute, to have a disagreement, to have a quarrel • *Abantu abo balwire nga bakugugulana lwa kibanja.* Those people have had land disputes for a long time.

**gugulya** *(oku)gugulya* v.tr. *gugwirye* (a) to do with much difficulty, to have difficulty, to struggle with • *Egaali nkugigugulyambe okugiica e Luweero.* I am riding the bicycle to Luweero with much difficulty. (b) (of e.g. a desease) to ail, to trouble or afflict (someone) in mind or body • *Olumbe lumugugwirye okumala emyaka isatu.* He has been afflicted with a disease for three years. **guguma** *(oku)guguma* v.intr. *gugumire* to stutter, to stammer • *Omutaani wange aguguma muno.* My son stutters a lot.

**gugumbula** *(oku)gugumbula* v.tr. *gugumbwire* (a) to disperse, to break up • *Ayabire n'agugumbula abakwegunga.* He went and dispersed the rioters. (b) to rebuke, to berate, to criticise, to reprimand, to reproach, to scold, to admonish, to chastise • *Bamugugumbwire muno.* He was thoroughly reprimanded.

**gugumbulya** *(oku)gugumbulya* v.tr. *gugumbwirye* to clear land improperly by leaving patches of grass and covering them with soil

**gugumuka** *(oku)gugumuka* v.intr. *gugumukire* to awaken suddenly, to wake up abruptly • *Agugumukire omulundi gumwei.* He woke up abruptly.

**gugumula** *(oku)gugumula* v.tr. *gugumwire* (a) to disperse • *Ayabire n'agugumula abakwegunga.* He went and dispersed the rioters. (b) to rebuke, to upbraid, to berate, to take to task, to criticise, to censure, to reprimand, to reproach, to scold, to admonish, to reprove, to chastise • *Babagugumwire muno.* They were thoroughly rebuked.

**gugunga** *(oku)gugunga* v.tr. *gugu-*

*ngire* to stir up, to provoke, to excite, to awaken • *Leka kugugunga bantu abo kukola keediimo.* Don't provoke those people to a strike.

**gugura** [see *gugula*]

**guguru** *(o)guguru* n.1a misunderstanding • *Oguguru ali akati wa bantu abo akuzwa ku kiki?* What is the cause of the misunderstanding between those people?

**gujujuka** *(oku)gujujuka* v.intr. *gujujukire* (of threads of fabric) to come loose • *Gomesi ya Namuli egujujukire ate nga giyaaka.* Namuli's gomesi has developed loose threads.

**gujula** *(oku)gujula* v.tr. *gujwire* (a) (of an animal) to bite off • *Ombwene agujwire enyama yange.* The dog has bitten off a piece of my meat. (b) to take off, to take a part from • *Ni wamutuma okutwalayo esente yazigujulaku.* If you ask him to take the money there, he will take some of it. **gula** *(oku)gula* v.tr. *guure* (a) to buy, to purchase • *Ayabire kugula bbiya.* He has gone to buy beer. (b) to cost • *Ekiro ya mbuli egula mutwalo.* A kilogram of goat's meat costs ten thousand.

**gulana** *(oku)gulana* v.intr. *gulaine* to trade with each other • *Aba Rwanda ne Kenya tibendya kugulana.* Rwandans and Kenyans do not want to trade with each other.

**guloofa** *(e)goloofa* n.9/10 <from Sw.> high-rise house, multi-story house • *Omupoliisi yayombokere eguloofa ya nyumba.* The policeman

built a multi-story house.

**guloopu** *(e)gulopu* n.9/10 <from En.> bulb, globe • *Eguloopu eni tekwaka kusai.* This bulb does not light properly.

**gulu** *(o)gulu* n.1a/10 <from En.> glue • *Ogulu tumukwatisya empapula.* We use glue to stick sheets of paper together.

**guluba** *(oku)guluba* v.intr. *gulubire* to fight, to tussle, to struggle, to scuffle • *Abacwacwani bagulubire ne police.* The demonstrators tussled with the police.

**gulubba** *(oku)gulubba* v.intr. *gulubbire* (of hoofed animals) to run • *Owuliire onyana wa nte n'akuguluba?* Have you heard the calf running?

**gulubbya** *(oku)gulubbya* v.tr. *gulubbirye* to take by force • *Omukali okugulubbya waaki?* Why are you taking the woman by force?

**guluka** *(oku)guluka* v.intr. *gulukire* (a) to jump, to leap, to spring, to hop • *Abaana bakugulukambe omu kifo kya kusoma.* The children are simply jumping instead of studying. (b) **guluka (o)muguwa** to skip rope, to jump rope • *Omwala akuguluka muguwa.* A girl is skipping rope.

**gulukaguluka** [see also *guluka*] *(oku)gulukguluka* v.intr. *gulukiregulukire* to jump, to leap, to spring, to hop • *Abaana bakugulukaguluka nk'ebikire.* The children are hopping like frogs.

**gulukira** *(oku)gulukira* v.tr. *gulukii-*

*re* (a) to jump on (e.g. carrier of bicycle) • *Gulukira egaali twabe.* Jump on the bicycle and let's go. (b) to interrupt someone's speech • *Omwana okugulukira abakulu nga bakusimoola kibba kibbi.* It is bad for the child to interrupt the adults' speech.

**gulukosi** *(o)gulukosi* n.1a/10 <from En.> glucose • *Abairuki mbaguliireyo ogulukosi.* I have bought glucose for the athletes.

**gulumirya** *(oku)gulumirya* v.tr. *gulumiirye* to exalt, to praise • *Abasiraamu bagulumirya Allah.* Muslims praise Allah.

**gulumiza** [see also *gulumirya*] *(oku) gulumiza* v.tr. *gulumiize* to exalt, to praise • *Tusaine tugulumizenge oKanca olwa bwomi bwatuwaire.* We should always exalt God for the gift of life.

**guluweeramengo** *(o)guluweeramengo* n.1a/10 large sandal, oversized sandal made out of rubber • *Mpeerya eguluweeramengo yange kubba nkwaba kutambula olugendo lunamulai.* Give me my large rubber sandals because I am going to walk for a long distance.

**gulyo** *(o)gulyo* n.3/4 (a) right hand • *Omwana akuwandiikisya gulyo.* The child is writing with his right hand. (b) right side, the right • *Omwana aikaire oku mukono ogulyo.* The child has sat on the right side.

**guma** *(oku)guma* v.intr. *gumire* to be strong, to be hard, to be bold • *Omu bizibu ebingi by'ofunire, guma.* In spite of all the problems you have, be strong.

**gumaaza** *(oku)gumaaza* v.tr. *gumaize* to deceive, to make empty promises • *Omukali akukugumaaza, takwiza kwiza.* The woman is deceiving you, she won't come.

**gumba** *(oku)gumba* v.intr. *gumbire* to gather, to assemble, to come together, to convene • *Ente zigumba ansi wa musaale mu bwire bwa kyanda.* The cattle gather under the tree when it is hot.

**gumbawala** *(oku)gumbawala* v.intr. *gumbawaire* to become barren • *Omukali odi yagumbawaire oluzwanyuma lwa kutoolamu enda.* That woman became barren after aborting.

**gumbulula** *(oku)gumbulula* v.tr. *gumbulwire* to disperse, to chase away

• *Gumbulula abantu abo bakwiza okutuleetera obuzibu.* Chase those people away, they will cause us problems.

**gume** [see *gumu*]

**gumiikiriza** *(oku)gumiikiriza* v.tr. *gumiikiriize* to endure, to be patient • *Omukali oyo agumiikiriize obworo emyaka gingi.* That woman has endured poverty for many years.

**gumira** *(oku)gumira* v.intr. *gumiire* to bear with, to withstand • *Gumira embeera eriwo okwiza kuwangula.* Bear with the current circumstances, you will eventually succeed.

**gumoso** *(o)gumoso* n.3 (a) left hand • *Omwegi awandiikisya gumoso.* The student writes with his left hand. (b) left side, the left • *Omwana ayikaire oku gumoso.* The child sits on the left side.

**gumu** (e.g. *mugumu, lugumu, migumu*) adj. (a) strong, hard • *Olujegere lwa gaali yaamu lugumu.* My bicycle chain is strong. (b) rigid, firm, unyielding • *Omwebembezi odi mugumu tasobola kuyindula mu kyabazire.* That leader is rigid, he cannot change anything from what he has said.

**gumya** *(oku)gumya* v.tr. *gumirye* (a) to hold tightly, to hold tight, to hold firmly, to cling to • *Mumugumye atairuka.* Hold him tightly so that he doesn't escape. (b) to tighten, to harden, to strengthen • *Kisai mugumye emisipi gyanywe.* It is good that you tighten your belts. (c) to support, to emphasise, to uphold • *Njeena nyemereire kugumya rubazo lwamu.* I have also stood up to support what you have talked about. (d) to encourage, to motivate, to inspire • *Omusomesya akugumya abaana batatiina bibuulyo.* The teacher encourages the children not to fear the examination. (e) to take something seriously • *Mwala wange, obufumbo bwamu bugumye.* My daughter, take your marriage seriously.

**gundiira** *(oku)gundiira* v.intr. *gundiire* to be well established • *Omuliraanwa wange agundiire omu bbizineesi yaamwe.* My neighbour is well established in his business.

**gunduuka** *(oku)gunduuka* v.intr. *gunduukire* (of an animal) to grow very old • *Onumi wange agunduukire atibuni takyasobola okwemya.* My bull has grown very old, now it can no longer mate.

**gunga** *(oku)gunga* v.tr. *gungire* to ignore, to disregard, to pay no attention to • *Omusaiza agungire omukali waamu mu bantu.* The man has ignored his wife in public.

**gungumala** *(oku)gungumala* v.intr. *gungumaire* to be elevated, to raise high • *Akatonde ka nyumba yaamwe kagungumaire kusai.* The roof of his house is high.

**gungumuki** (e.g. *mugugumuki, magugumuki, bigungumuki*) adj. tall and stout • *Akutaka basaiza bagungumuki bonkai.* She likes only tall and stout men.

**guni** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**gunja** *(oku)gunja* v.tr. *gunjire* to start, to establish, to initiate • *Abantu bagunjire ebbizineesi eza njawulo omu Mbarara.* People have started different businesses in Mbarara.

**guruguru** adv. very firmly, stable • *Enyumba bagyombokere n'eguma guruguru.* The house was constructed very firmly.

**guuda**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)guuda* v.tr. *guudire* to knock down (with horns), to spear • *Ombuli aguudire omwibbi.* The goat has knocked down the thief.

**guuda**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)guuda* v.intr. *guudire* to be fed up with (a food), to tired of, to have had enough of • *Enyama ya*

*nkoko enguudire.* I am fed up with eating chicken.

**guuda**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *muguuda, baguuda*) adj. rich, well-off • *Ndi mukali muguuda.* I am a rich woman.

**guuda**<sup>4</sup> *(o)guuda* n.1a type of god, spirit worshiped by the Baruuli and Banyala

**guuduwala** *(oku)guuduwala* v.intr. *guduwaire* to grow very rich, to become very rich • *Nkoba atibuni oguduwaire, oyombokere enyumba.* I say now you have become very rich, you have built a house.

**guula** *(oku)guula* v.intr. *guire* (of stomach) to rumble, to gurgle • *Okuzwa ni naliire ebiyimba enda ekunguula.* My stomach has been rumbling ever since I ate beans.

**guulya** *(oku)guulya* v.tr. *guirye* (of animal) to sharpen horns • *Onzobe akuguulya amembe gaamwe.* The water buck is sharpening its horns.

**guuma** *(oku)guuma* v.intr. *guumire* to wait for an opportune moment, to wait for the right occasion • *Yaguumire omukama waamwe abazeku naye omwongera omusaala.* He waited for an opportune moment to speak to his boss about the salary increase. **guumiika** *(oku)guumiika* v.intr. *guumiikire* to wait for an opportune moment, to wait for the right occasion • *Omusigazi aguumiikire omwala amwogereze.* The boy is waiting for an opportune moment to ask the girl to marry him.

**gwa** *(oku)gwa* v.intr. *gwire* (a) to

fall, to fall down • *Yatyereire n'agwa.* He slipped and fell. (b) (of the sun or moon) to set • *Eisana likugwa tukole twabe.* The sun is setting, let's prepare to leave. (c) (of rain) to fall • *Abaana tibasomere kubba oikendi yagwire muno.* The children did not go to school because it rained heavily. (d) to backslide, to relapse into bad ways or error • *Abaikiriza abamwe bagwa lwabutabba na buguminkiriza.* Some believers backslide because they are not patient. (e) to collapse, to faint, to break down • *Yagwire olwa mpiita egingi.* He collapsed because of the excessive heat. (f) to happen, to occur, to take place, to come about • *Amaano gagwire.* Something horrible has happened. (g) fig. to die, to pass away, to pass on • *Omusaiza oyo bamwetanga Musyabira yagwire Miro.* The man was called Musyabira, he died at Miro. (h) to be born • *Omwana akyali kugwa.* The baby is not yet born. (i) to belong to, to be a member of, to be the property of • *Bagwa mu kibiina ki?* What party do they belong to? (j) to fail (a test or an exams), to be unsuccessful, to not succeed, to fall through • *ONambi agwire ebibuulyo.* Nambi has failed the examination. (k) **gwa (e)iralu** to run amok, to go mad • *Omunywi wa njaaye agwire iralu.* An opium addict has gone mad. (l) **gwa (o)mu mukwano** to fall in love • *Agwire omu mukwano n'omwala wange.* He has fallen in

love with my daughter. **gwaamu** [see *amu*] **gwabwe** [see *abwe*]

**gwagwa** (e.g. *mugwaga, gugwagwa, gagwaga*) adj. foolish, social outcast • *Tinsiswerwa musaiza mugwagwa nk'oyo.* I will never marry a foolish man like that one.

**gwagwana** *(oku)gwagwana* v.intr. *gwagwaine* (a) to calm down, to stabilise, to become tranquil, to settle down • *Atibuni agwagwaine ekiniga kiweireku.* Now he has calmed down and he is free from anger. (b) (of sunshine) to subside, to weaken • *Obwire bugwagwaine ati tukusobola okwaba.* The sun is not so strong anymore, we can now go.

**gwagwania** *(oku)gwagwania* v.tr. *gwagwainie* (a) to level, to make level • *Akugwagwania olubuga luboneke kusai.* He is levelling the courtyard so that it looks nice. (b) to calm down, to sooth, to pacify • *Tikyali kyangu oKakungulu kugwagwania emyoyo gya Bakidi.* It was not easy for Kakungulu to calm down the Bakidi.

**gwaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**gwaizuma** *(oku)gwaizuma* v.intr. *gwaizumire* (of a cow) to go wild, to behave in a very excited uncontrolled way • *Onte ngoyo akugwaizuma.* That cow is going wild.

**gwamu** *(oku)gwamu* v.intr. *gwiremu* (a) to collapse, to fall in, to crumple • *Ekyolooni kigwiremu.* The pit latrine has collapsed. (b) **gwamu (e)ki-** **nyalalo** to have diarrhoea • *Agwiremu ekinyalalo.* He has diarrhoea. **gwamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ] **gwange** [see *ange*]

**gwanywe** [see *nywe*]

**gwaraara** *(oku)gwaraara* v.intr. *gwaraire* (a) to be at peace, to have peace • *Abaganda bagwaraire.* The Baganda are at peace. (b) to be in plenty, to be more than enough • *Enyaanya zigwaraire omu katale.* Tomatoes are plentiful at the market.

**gwaya** *(oku)gwaya* v.tr. *gwayire* (a) to smear (the floor or walls of a house with cow dung or soil paste) • *Enyumba yaamwe bakugigwaya ne bisai.* They are smearing her house with cow dung. (b) to fill with cow dung (as a way of maintaining a house) • *Omwana akugwaya olugali lwa mukaire.* The child is filling the old woman's winnower with cow dung. (c) to paint, to apply paint to • *Gwaya enyumba yaamu n'erangi egitukuliki.* Paint your house red.

**gwenga** *(oku)gwenga* v.tr. *gwengere* to deceive, to fool, to dupe, to coax • *Agwenga abantu afunemu.* He is fooling people for his own benefit.

**gwenyagwenya** *(oku)gwenyagwenya* v.tr. *gwenyeregwenyere* to deceive, to fool, to dupe, to coax • *Yangwenyeregwenyere n'atwalaku empiiya zange.* He duped me and took my money.

**gwera**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gwera* v.intr./tr. *gwereire* (a) to dive into water • *Omwa-* *na yagwereire omupiira n'agukwata.* The child dived and caught the ball. (b) to ambush • *ONantaba baamugwereire eigolo.* Nantaba was ambushed yesterday. (c) to deputise, to stand in for, to sit in for, to substitute for, to replace • *Naani yagwera omukulu w'eisomero?* Who will substitute for the headteacher?

**gwera**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gwera* v.intr. *gwereire* to limp • *Bamukubbire atibuni akugwerambe.* He was beaten, now he is limping.

**gwera**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)gwera* v.tr. *gwereire* to rape • *Yagwereire omwana wange.* He raped my daughter.

**gweragwerana** *(oku)gweragwerana* v.intr./tr. *gweragweraine* (a) to use without the owner's permission • *Lwaki ogweragwerananga ebintu bya bantu?* Why do you have that habit of using people's property without their permission? (b) to be licentious, to be promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters, to be immoral, to be dissolute • *Omwojo oyo agweragwerana muno.* That boy is very licentious.

**gwereera** [see *weereera*]

**gweta** *(oku)gweta* v.tr. *gwetere* to succeed, to replace, to take the place of, to take over from, to follow • *Oni niye yagwetere oite waamwe.* This is the one who took over from his father.

**gwisania** *(oku)gwisania* v.intr. *gwisainie* to contest, to compete • *Bakwaba kugwisania mu mizeenyo lwa-* *leero.* They are going to compete in sports today.

**gwisiirya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gwisiirya* v.tr. *gwisiriirye* (a) to complete, to finish, to conclude, to finalise • *Ka ngwisiirye olubbimbi lwange twabe.* Let me complete my task and we'll go. (b) to wash down (food with a drink) • *Mpeerya egiraasi ya wayini ngwisiirye emere.* Give me a glass of wine and I will wash down the food.

**gwisiirya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gwisiirya* v.tr. *gwisiriirye* to catch red-handed, to catch in the act • *Mugwisiriirye ng'akunyibba.* I caught him red-handed stealing from me.

**gwisya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gwisya* v.intr. *gwisirye* (of plants) to bear fruit • *Ebigogo byange bitandikire okugwisya.* My banana plants have started to bear fruit.

**gwisya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)gwisya* v.tr. *gwisirye* to bully, to tyrannise, to harass • *Abeegi abakaire bagwisya abayaaka.* The older students bully the freshmen.

**gwitabingi** *(o)gwitabingi* n.1a sweetheart, darling • *Ndoowo kye yakoorewo olwa mpisa za mwara waamwe ezibbi kubba niye gwitabingi waamwe.* Nothing was done despite her ill behaviour simply because she was her beloved child.

**gwo** pro. (a) it (noun class 3 independent pronoun) (b) it (noun class 20 independent pronoun)

**gwoida** *(oku)gwoida* v.tr. *gwoidere* to stab • *Yamugwoidere akambe omu*

*(oku)gya* v.intr. *gyiire* to fit into, to have a sense of belonging • *Omwana waamu yalemereirwe okugya omu isomero.* The child failed to

]

*kisubba n'afa.* She stabbed him with a knife in the chest and he died. **gwoita** [see *goita*]

**gwoitya** [see *goitya*]

**gwoka** *(oku)gwoka* v.intr. *gwokere* to be bankrupt • *Omusaiza oyo yaali muguuda baitu ati agwokere.* That man used to be rich but now he is bankrupt.

**gya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)gya* v.intr. *gyiire* (a) (of flying termites) to fly, to come out • *Enswa zigya mu kwezi kwakanai.* The flying termites fly in April. (b) (of mushrooms) to sprout • *Obutiko bugwire omu lusuku.* The mushrooms have sprouted in the banana

# **H**

**ha** interj. oh (expression of surprise, displeasure) • *Ha! Ekyo kizibu muno.* Oh! This is a very big issue. **handiika** [see *wandiika*] **he** interj. lucky you (used to say that someone is fortunate to be able to do something) • *He, obbanga butaiza!*

Lucky you! Had you not come! **henda** [see *wenda*] **ho** interj. my goodness (expression of surprise, displeasure, relief) • *Ho, eisumu limwakaire ku mutwe.* My goodness, the spear nearly caught his head.

**gyo** pro. (a) they (class 4 independent pronoun) (b) it (class 3 indepen-

plantation. **gya**<sup>2</sup>

fit into school life. **gyabwe** [see *abwe*] **gyaiswe** [see *aiswe*] **gyamu** [see *amu*] **gyamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup>

**gyange** [see *ange*] **gyanywe** [see *nywe*]

dent pronoun)

# **I**

**iba** *(o)iba* n.1a/2 husband • *Oiba waamwe musaiza mukooto.* Her husband is a big man.

**ibaagiro** *(e)ibaagiro* n.5/6 abattoir, slaughterhouse • *Enyama ngiguura*

*mu ibaagiro.* I buy meat from the abattoir.

**ibaati** *(e)ibaati* n.5/6 <from Ar. via Sw.> iron sheet • *Ekika kya ibaati kini kiwangaali.* This type of iron sheet is long lasting.

**ibaiziro** *(e)ibaiziro* n.5/6 carpentry workshop • *Ekikonkoro nkiguure mu ibaiziro.* I bought the stool in the carpentry workshop.

**ibala** *(e)ibala* n.5/6 stain, spot, smudge • *Olugoye lwamwe luliku eibala eriraguzu.* His garment has a black stain.

**ibanza** *(e)ibanza* n.5/6 debt• *Okimaiteku nti nta n'eibanza lyamu?* Do you know that I have your debt?

**ibara** *(e)ibara* n.5/6 name • *Nkobera eibara lyamu erya kika.* Tell me your clan name.

**ibatirizo** *(e)ibatirizo* n.5/6 baptismal font (an article of church furniture used for baptism) • *Eibatirizo lya bapolesitanti libba mu kanisa.* The baptismal font is found in the church.

**ibba** *(okw)ibba* v.tr. *ibbire* to steal, to rob • *Aibba omuwogo gwa mulumi ampi buli kiro.* He steals the farmer's cassava almost every day.

**ibbaale** *(e)ibbaale* n.5/6 (a) stone, rock • *Omwana akucuma amabbaale oku nyumba.* The child is throwing stones at the house. (b) (water) ice • *Amaizi gakoore amabbaale.* The water has turned into ice. (c) Ibbaale is a place of cultural significance where a number of shrines are found, it also has caves believed to be the habitat of the ghost called Ibbaale

**ibbago** *(e)ibbago* n.5/6 (a) draft, preliminary version • *Somamu omu ibbago lyange.* Read through my draft please. (b) bill, draft law, proposed piece of legislation, proposal • *Eibbago lya iteeka litwaliibwe omu ngango.* The bill has been taken to parliament.

**ibbanga** *(e)ibbanga* n.5 (a) sky • *Enyenyeezi ziri mu ibbanga.* The stars are in the sky. (b) air • *Endege etambuura mu ibbanga.* The aeroplane flies in the air. (c) space • *Wandiikanga nga okulekawo amabbanga akati wa bigambo.* Leaving spaces between words when writing. (d) time, period • *Abaruuli bamaare eibbanga lya myaka ikumi na isatu nga beeremere.* The Baruuli have been independent for a period of thirteen years.

**ibbange** *(e)ibbange* n.5 freedom, liberty • *OKanca niye yatuwaire eibbange lya kusinza.* It is God who gave us the freedom to worship.

**ibbango** *(e)ibbango* n.5/6 (a) hunchback • *Eibbango lya mukali liriku ekyoya.* The woman's hunchback is infected with a wound. (b) (of an animal) hump • *Engundu zibba n'amabbango agakooto.* Bulls usually have big humps.

**Ibbango**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Ibbango* n.1a (c) royal name for Bunyala kings • *Ibbango ibara lya mukama wa Bunyala.* Ibbango is a name given to the king of Bunyala.

**ibbani** *(e)ibbani* n.5 breast infection, mastitis • *Omukali alwaire eibbani.* The woman has mastitis.

**ibbano**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ibbano* n.5 (a) misfortune, disaster • *Eibbano ligwire oku kya-* *lo.* A misfortune has befallen the village. (b) tragedy (e.g. when speaking of death) • *Omuntu okwezinda libba ibbano.* It is a tragedy for one to commit suicide.

**ibbano**<sup>2</sup> interj. used to address mourners, my condolences • *Ibbano!* What a pity!

**ibbika** *(okw)ibbika* v.tr. *ibbikire* to dip, to immerse • *Aibbika ekibaju omu malwa.* He dips the calabash in the local brew.

**ibbira** *(okw)ibbira* v.intr. *ibbiire* to drown • *Yayibbiire omu nyanja.* He drowned in the lake.

**ibbo** *(o)ibbo* n.1a cowpea (*Vigna unguiculata*) powder (made from crushed dried cooked leaves of the cowpea plant) • *Oibbo wa maama awumbire.* My mother's cowpea powder has been eaten by worms.

**ibbombo** *(e)ibbombo* n.5 *Momordica foetida* (a perennial climbing vine) • *Eibbombo ritamba ekikooro. Momordica foetida* cures cough.

**ibbongo** *(e)ibbongo* n.5/6 tooth gap • *OKyakuwa alina amabbongo yagwire amaino ni gazwamu.* Kyakuwa has tooth gaps: she lost her teeth when she fell.

**ibbugumu** *(e)ibbugumu* n.5 (a) warmth, heat, hotness • *Ebiro bini e Nakasongolo ndooyo bbugumu.* These days there is no warmth in Nakasongola. (b) excitement, thrill, pleasure, delight, joy • *Abeegi bafunire eibbugumu.* The students have gotten some excitement.

**ibbuka**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ibbuka* v.tr. *ibbukire* to soak • *Omwana akwibbuka engoye omu bbensani.* The child is soaking the clothes in the washing basin.

**ibbuka**<sup>2</sup> interj. expression used in response to a child's sneeze, lit. open • *Omwana niye yesyaimula bamwiramu nti, ibbuka!* When a child sneezes, people around say "Ibbuka!".

**ibbulukuka** *(okw)ibbulukuka* v.intr. *ibbulukukire* (a) to emerge, to come into view • *Omusaanyi akwibbulukuka omu maizi.* The swimmer is emerging from the water. (b) to recover financially • *Yabbaire aseegere baitu atibuni aibbulukukire.* He incurred a financial loss, but he has now recovered.

**ibbulula** *(okw)ibbulula* v.tr. *ibbulwire* to recover something from water • *Baibbulwire obwato omu maizi.* They recovered the boats from the water.

**ibbumba** *(e)ibbumba* n.5 clay • *Eibbumba tulibumbisya nsuwa.* We use the clay to mould pots.

**ibbutyai** *(e)ibbutyai* n.5 fermented millet flour • *Leeta oibbutyai tumusiike.* Bring the fermented millet flour and let's roast it.

**ibeere** *(e)ibeere* n.5/6 breast • *Omwala ameere amabeere.* The girl has grown breasts.

**ibega** *(e)ibega* n.5/6 (a) back • *Ta omwana oku ibega.* Put the child on your back. (b) shoulder • *Omugugu akugutwara ku ibega.* He carries the luggage on his shoulder.

**ibiikiro** *(e)ibiikiro* n.5/6 (a) store, storeroom, storehouse • *Ebiyimba bibiike omu ibiikiro.* Keep the beans in the storeroom. (b) treasury • *Empiiya muzite omu ibiikiro.* Put the money in the treasury. (c) archive • *E Nsambya waliyo eibiikiro erikooto.* There is a big archive at Nsambya.

**ibira** *(e)ibira* n.5/6 hook, fishhook, barb • *Eibira likwata mpuuta.* The hook is used to catch the Nile perch. **ibiri** [*used in isolation and with class 9 nouns, see (-)biri*] num. two • *Tuli ku namba abiri na ibiri.* We are number twenty two.

**ibuba** *(e)ibuba* n.5 (a) benign tumour, painless tumour • *Mbaire n'eibuba lini okuzwa ni nabyaliibwe.* I have had this benign tumour since I was born. (b) state of being possessive • *Abasaiza bata n'eibuba oku bakali baabwe.* Men are very possessive of their wives.

**ibuga** *(e)ibuga* n.5/6 large gourd • *Nteera omwenge gwange omu ibuga.* Put my alcohol into the large gourd. **ibula** [see *ibura*] <Lunyala>

**ibumbiro** *(e)ibumbiro* n.5/6 potter's workshop, pottery • *Omubumbi abumbira mu ibumbiro.* The potter works at the pottery workshop.

**ibunda** *(e)ibunda* n.5/6 side of the stomach or abdomen • *Osobola okubona eibunda lya mbuli.* You can see the side of the goat's abdomen.

**ibura**<sup>1</sup> <Ruruuli> *(e)ibura* n.5 scarcity, shortage, undersupply, insufficiency, scarceness • *Ebiro bini waliwo eibura lya mere.* There is a shortage of food these days.

**ibura**<sup>2</sup> <Ruruuli> *(okw)ibula* v.ditr. *ibwire* to serve (food), dish out• *Koba omaawo atwibuure emere.* Tell your mother to serve us food.

**ibuura** *(e)ibuura* n.5/6 deserted house • *Abaana ba ku nguudo baingi basula mu ibuura edi.* Many street children sleep in that deserted house.

**ibuya** *(e)ibuya* n.5/6 occupation, profession, activity • *Okuliisya nikyo ibuya lya Banyala erikulu.* Cattle farming is the main activity among the Banyala.

**-ibw** sf. passive suffix (extension) on verbs

**ibwa** *(e)ibwa* n.5/6 wound • *Eibwa lya mwojo oyo ka lirwire okuwona!* The boy's wound has taken a long time to heal!

**ibyaire** *(e)ibyaire* n.5 children, offspring, progeny • *Ata n'eibyare ly'abaana mukaaga.* She has six offspring.

**ibyaro** *(e)ibyaro* n.5/6 traditional maternity centre, maternity ward • *Omukali bamutwaire mu ibyaro kubyala.* The woman has been taken to the maternity centre to give birth. **ica**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ica* v.intr. *icirye* to breathe • *Omwana wange akwica kubbi.* My child is not breathing properly.

**ica**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ica* v.tr. *icirye* to accomplish, to complete, to finish, to finalise • *Omukoli yaicirye olubbimbi*

*lwamwe.* The worker completed his assignment.

**icumbiro** *(e)icumbiro* n.5/6 kitchen • *Emere eri mu icumbiro.* The food is in the kitchen.

**icumu** *(e)icumu* n.5 an allergy that causes severe sneezing • *OGava mulwaire wa icumu.* Gava has an allergy which makes him sneeze.

**icwi** interj. oh my goodness (used to express surprise, displeasure, shock, pity) • *Icwi! Awangwire atyai akalulu?* My goodness, how did he win the election?

**idaala** *(e)idaala* n.5/6 (a) step, stage, phase • *Okukula kubbaamu amadaala asatu.* Growth goes through three phases. (b) ladder • *Ndeetera eidaala nkutaka kuniina musaale guni.* Bring the ladder, I would like to climb this tree. (c) level, rank • *Musobola okukulaakulana okuzwa oku idaala limwe okwira oku lindi.* You can progress from one rank to another.

**idaali** *(e)idaali* n.5/6 asparagus fern • *Amadaali gabbaaku amawa.* The asparagus fern has thorns.

**idembe** *(e)idembe* n.5 freedom, rights, peace • *Olina eidembe okusimoola nka n'okutaka.* You have the freedom to speak the way you want. **idinda** *(e)idinda* n.5/6 cuff (the end part of a sleeve) • *Engoye zibbaaku amadinda.* Clothes have cuffs.

**iduuka** *(e)iduuka* n.5/6 <from Sw.> shop, store • *Yaba oku iduuka ogule sukaali.* Go to the shop and buy

sugar.

**ifulo** [see *ifuro*] <Lunyala>

**ifumbe** *(o)ifumbe* n.1a/10 African civet (*Civettictis civetta* • *Eifumbe zirya amapaapaali.* African civets eat pawpaws.

**ifumbiro** [see *isumbiro*]

**ifuro** <Ruruuli> *(e)ifulo* n.5/6 foam, froth • *Amaizi gakoore eifuro.* The water foams.

**ifurungu** *(o)ifurungu* n.1a/10 turaco • *Eifurungu zibba za bbulu omwekwati era zirya muno amapeera.* The turaco is dark blue and eats a lot of guavas.

**iga** *(e)iga* n.5/6 cooking stone • *Ekyoto kibba n'amaiga asatu.* A fireplace has three cooking stones.

**igaala***(okw)igaala* v.intr./tr. *igaliire* (a) to block (a passage) • *Epaipu nagigaaliire amaizi galeke kusenseka.* I blocked the pipe so that the water is not wasted. (b) to patch up, to mend, to repair, to fix • *Igaala ekituli ekiri omu yunifoomu ya mwana.* Patch up the hole in the child's uniform. (c) to dress a wound • *Omusawu aigaala ebyoya buli kiro.* The doctor dresses the wound every day. (d) (of a wound) to heal • *Ekyoya kigaaliire kusai.* The wound has healed properly.

**igala** [see *igara*] <Lunyala>

**igale** (e.g. *kiigale, biigale*) adj. covered, closed • *Ekiina kiigale.* The pit is covered.

**igana** *(e)igana* n.5/6 herd • *OKirya ata n'eigana lya nte.* Kirya has a herd

# of cattle.

**igani** *(e)igani* n.5 dedication, effort • *Omukoli wange akola emirumu n'eigani.* My worker does the job with dedication.

**iganzo** *(e)iganzo* n.5/6 (a) fishing ground • *Baabire ku iganzo kutega ncwi.* They have gone to the fishing ground to fish. (b) sudd (an area of floating vegetation in a stretch of the White Nile, thick enough to impede navigation) • *Abategi abamwei babba ku iganzo.* Some fishermen live on the sudd.

**igara** <Ruruuli> *(okw)igara* v.tr. *igaire* to close, to shut • *Igara olwige lwange.* Close my door.

**igarawo** *(okw)igarawo* v.tr. *igairewo* to close, to bring to an end, to end, to conclude, to finish • *Igarawo olukiiko obwire bwabire.* Close the meeting, it is late.

**igeera** *(okw)igeera* v.intr. *igereire* to come closer, to approach, to draw closer • *Koba abajwaka abo baigeere ani.* Ask those guards to come closer.

**igego** *(e)igego* n.5/6 molar tooth • *Amagego nigo ge geerayo omu munwa.* The molar teeth are the last ones in the mouth.

**igemo** *(e)igemo* n.5/6 cuff (e.g. of trousers)

**igemu** [see *igemo*]

**igereera** *(okw)igereera* v.tr. *igerereire* to approach, to come toward, to come nearer • *Omusaiza oMuruuli taigereera daani waamwe.* A Muruuli man doesn't come close to his mother-in-law.

**igigi** *(e)igigi* n.5/6 curtain • *Omulyango gwamwe agutairemu eigigi.* He has put a curtain in his doorway.

**igika** *(okw)igika* v.tr. *igikire* (a) to support, to prop up • *Bakwendya okuyigika enkondo oku nyumba eni.* They need to support the house with a pole. (b) **igika (a)maiga** to put in place cooking stones, to set up cooking stones • *Baigikire amaiga omu jokooni.* The have set up the cooking stones in the kitchen.

**igikirya** *(okw)igikirya* v.tr. *igikiirye* to support (e.g. cooking stones) with a smaller stone • *Yigikirya ekinaga omukubi gutasukuka.* Support the pan with a supporting stone so that the sauce does not spill.

**igikiryo** *(e)igikiryo* n.5/6 supporting stone • *Epipa giyigike eigikiryo etagwa.* Put a supporting stone there so that the barrel does not fall down. **igobe** *(e)igobe* n.5 (of dogs) mating season • *Embwene ziri ku igobe.* The dogs are in their mating season.

**igolo** *(e)igolo* adv. (a) in the afternoon • *Ewaamu naizayo igolo.* I will come to your place in the afternoon. (b) last evening • *Yaboine omwebembezi wa iyanga eigolo.* He met the president last evening. (c) yesterday • *Eigolo yabbaireku ani.* He was here yesterday.

**igoloigolo** *(e)igoloigolo* adv. early evening, late afternoon • *Yayikire ani eigoloigolo.* He arrived here in the **igololimwei** *(e)igololimwei* adv. early evening • *Naabire igololimwei.* I left in the early evening.

**igombe** *(o)igombe* n.1a (a) western wind • *Oigombe alanga ikendi.* The western wind announces rain. (b) wind that predicts rain • *Oigombe alanga nti sizoni yakusiga eri ampi okwika.* The wind that predicts rain is an indicator that the sawing season is about to start.

**igombolola** *(e)igombolola* n.5/6 subcounty • *Ayabire oku igombolola.* He has gone to the sub-county.

**igona** *(e)igona* n.5/6 type of vegetation which grows on a lake shore

**igose** *(e)igose* n.5/6 testicle of an animal • *Amagose ga ntaama gasobola okuliibwa.* The testicles of a sheep can be eaten.

**igugunyu** *(e)igugunyu* n.9/10 hip • *Eigugunyu likunduma bundi.* My hip hurts.

**iguka** *(oku)iguka* v.intr. *igukire* (a) to arrive • *Omugeni omukulu aigukire.* The guest of honour has arrived. (b) to open, to become open • *Ekyankomeero olwige lwange luyigukire.* Finally, my door is open again. (c) (of a tree) to fall • *Omusaale guyigukire.* The tree has fallen down.

**igukira** *(okw)igukira* v.intr. *igukiire* to come out • *N'oyakaara e Nongo oigukira mu Kyerima.* When you go via Nongo you come out of Kyerima. **igula** *(oku)igula* v.intr. *igwire* to open • *Yayigwirewo olwige.* She

opened the door.

**igumba** *(e)igumba* n.5/6 bone • *Omusaiza ayendekere eigumba.* The man's bone is broken.

**iguru** *(e)iguru* n.5 (a) sky • *Oku iguru ndooku bicu.* There are no clouds in the sky. (b) top, place above (c) heaven, paradise • *OYesu atubendereire omu iguru.* Jesus is waiting for us in heaven. (d) **iguru we lyesurukiire** horizon • *Eiguru we lyesurukiire ti nigyo nkango ya nsi.* The horizon is not the end of the earth.

**igwara** *(e)igwara* n.5/6 vuvuzela • *Abapiina bafuuwa amagwara.* The Bapiina clan plays the vuvuzela.

**ijaabbu** *(e)ijaabbu* n.9/10 <from Ar. > hijab (a head covering worn in public by some Muslim women)• *Abbwere ijaabbu.* She is wearing a hijab.

**ijwi** interj. my goodness (used to express shock, surprise) • *Ijwi… Afiire ki? atabbaire mulwaire!* My goodness, what has he died of? He was not sick.

**ika** *(okw)ika* v.intr. *ikire* (a) to arrive at, to come to, to reach • *Ndi ampi okwika e wange.* I am about to arrive home. (b) to extend, to stretch • *Ekibanja kyange kiika edi.* My land extends up to there. (c) (of taste) to be appropriate, to be of the right measure, to be enough • *Omuunyu gwikire omu mukubi.* There is enough salt in the sauce.

**ikaaka** *(e)ikaaka* n.5 obstinacy, inflexibility, stubbornness • *Omusaiza oyo yagaine okusasula abakoli baa-*

282

*mwe wa ikaaka.* That man refused to pay his workers, he is so obstinate.

**ikaanya** *(okw)ikaanya* v.intr. *ikainye* to reach an agreement, to reach a consensus • *Mwikaanye muzwe mu kwaraatana.* Settle your differences and stop quarrelling.

**ikaara** *(okw)ikaara* v.intr./tr. *ikaire* (a) to oppress, to abuse, to maltreat, to ill-treat, to tyrannise • *Lwaki mukali we oikaaranga abaana bamwira waamu?* Woman, why do you treat your friend's children badly? (b) to sit, to sit down • *Ikaara oku kikonkoro ekyo ndoowo ntebe gindi.* Sit on that wooden stool, there are no more seats. (c) to settle, to calm down, to quiet down • *Ikaara ansi osome ebitabo byamu.* Settle down and read your books. (d) **ikaara ku lubuga** (of females) to live in one's parents' home without being married • *Omwala akyaikaire ku lubuga, akyali kufuna musaiza akumutwala.* The girl is still living at her parents' home, she has not yet got a man to marry her.

**ikaaryo** *(e)ikaaryo* n.5/6 drying lane • *Ebiteere mubikaarye mu ikaaryo.* Dry the potatoes on the drying lane. **ikabyo** *(e)ikabyo* n.5 rudeness, lack of manners, impudence, insolence • *Eikabyo tirikwikirizisya kwendebwa bantu.* Rudeness does not make you popular with people.

**ikaikana** *(okw)ikaikana* v.intr. *ikaikaine* (a) to stabilise, to normalise, to calm • *Enyanja eikaikaine.* The sea

has calmed. (b) to calm down, to become tranquil • *Banza oikaikane nga okyali kubaza.* Calm down before you speak.

**ikala**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ikala* v.intr./tr. *ikaire* (a) to sit (down), to take a seat • *Ikala ansi olye emere.* Sit down and eat. (b) to live, to reside, to stay • *Nyikala Kanjuki ku kyalo Buyobe.* I live in Kanjuki-Buyombe village. (c) (of e.g. committee) to convene, to meet • *Olukumbaano lwa Buruuli lwikaire.* The council of the Baruuli has convened. (d) to write (an exam), to take, to sit • *Nkwiza kwikala ebibuulyo byange emambya.* I will sit my exams tomorrow.

**ikala**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ikala* n.5/6 (a) charcoal • *Amakala gabusyere ebiro bini mugakeekereerye.* Charcoal is very expensive these days, use it sparingly. (b) battery • *Tindina makala ga ladiyo yange.* I don't have batteries for my radio.

**ikaliira** *(okw)ikaliira* v.intr. *ikaliire* to sit and wait for a long time • *Nkwiza kumwikaliira okwica ni namubona.* I will sit and wait until I see him. **ikalisya** *(okw)ikalisya* v.tr. *ikalisirye* to enthrone, to install • *Abanyala baikalisirye Omukama waabwe.* The Banyala have enthroned their king. **ikansu** *(e)ikansu* n.5 hot temper, tendency to become angry very quickly

• *Mwana we eikansu lyamu lirikwikya alai.* My child, your hot temper will destroy you.

**ikata**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ikata* v.tr. *ikatire* (a) to press (a boil, a pustule) • *Ikata eiyute otoolemu amaara.* Press the boil to extract the pus. (b) to massage •*Ikata omugongo gwamwe abbeeku kalekale.* Massage his back so that he gets some relief. (c) to massage the belly of a mother of a new born baby to tone the muscles

**ikata**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ikata* v.tr. *ikatire* to throw down with a heavy plop • *Aikatire ensawu ansi.* He has thrown down the bag with a heavy plop.

**ikatira** *(okw)ikatira* v.tr. *ikatiire* to pack, to package • *Ikatira ensawu ya pamba kusai.* Pack the cotton into the sack.

**ikayu** *(e)ikayu* n.5 rudeness, lack of manners, impudence, insolence • *Eikayu likunobesya abantu.* Rudeness makes people hate you.

**ikeka** *(e)ikeka* n.5 season of slicing sweet potatoes • *Twigereire ebiro bya ikeka.* We are approaching the sweet potatoe slicing season.

**ikendi** *(o)ikendi* n.1a rain • *Oikendi asinga kugwa mu kwezi Kwaisensancwi.* Usually there is heavy rain in May.

**ikerenda** *(e)ikerenda* n.5/6 tablet (of medicine), pill • *Mmiire eikerenda limwei lyonkai.* I have taken only one tablet.

**ikiira**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ikiira* v.tr. *ikiriire* to approach, to go near to, to come close to • *Yaba oikiire omukulu omumanyisye ebizibu byamu.* Go and approach the head and tell him about your problems.

**ikiira**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ikiira* v.intr. *ikiriire* to be completed, to be achieved, to come true • *Obulangi bwa Yokaana bwaikiriire.* John's prophecy was fulfilled.

**ikiira**<sup>3</sup> *(okw)ikiira* v.intr. *ikiriire* to be righteous, to be true

**ikiiri** (e.g. *giikiiri, biikiiri, mwikiiri*) adj. (a) (of food) clean, pure, undefiled • *Emere tumaare okugisabira atibuni gikiiri.* We have prayed for the food, now it is clean. (b) righteous • *Kitaka n'obba mwikiiri omu maiso ga Kanca.* It is better to be righteous before God.

**ikiirya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ikiirya* v.tr. *ikiriirye* (a) to perfect, to polish, to hone, to refine • *Yakikoore emirundi gingi okwica ni yakiikiriirye.* He practiced it so much that he perfected it. (b) to fulfil • *Lwaki osuubizanga n'otayikiirya.* Why do you make promises, which you never fulfil?

**ikiirya**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ikiirya* v.intr. *ikiriirye* (of crops) to reach maturity, to become ripe • *Ebiduuma bitandikire okwikiirya.* Maize is about to ripen.

**ikingo** *(e)ikingo* n.5/6 air potato, air yam (*Dioscorea bulbifera*) • *Amakingo gawooma.* Air potatoes are tasty.

**ikira** *(okw)ikira* v.tr. *ikiire* to perform rituals for (a new garden) • *Baabire kwikira musiri gwa biyaata.* They have gone to perform rituals for the new potato garden.

**ikirana** *(okw)ikirana* v.intr. *ikiraine* to match perfectly, to be equal, (of a

musical instrument) to be in tune • *Oyo omukali wange twaikiraine.* My wife and I are a perfect match.

**ikiriira** *(okw)ikiriira* v.intr. *ikiriire* (a) to be perfect, to be faultless• *Tosobola kwikiriira mu buli kimwei.* You cannot be perfect in everything. (b) to reach the destination on the same day • *Ayabire lwaleero naikiriira mirembe.* He left and arrived on the same day safely.

**ikiriiri** (e.g. *giikiiri, biikiiri, mwikiiri*) adj. perfect, saint, holy • *OKanca mwikiiriri. Ekisa kyamwe kya bwikiriiri.* God is holy. His kindness is saintly.

**ikiriza** *(okw)ikiriza* v.tr. *ikiriize* (a) to allow, to let, to permit, to give permission • *Nyikiriza nswere omwara waamu.* Allow me to marry your daughter. (b) to agree, to consent to, to say yes to • *Namukobere ebizibu byange naikiriza okumpa esente.* I told him about my problem, and he agreed to give me money. (c) to accept, to trust • *Wembe ikiriza by'akukoba leke oyakalemu.* Just accept whatever he is saying, you will succeed. (d) to have faith, to practice (a religion) • *Nta n'okwikiriza kwingi omu mwana wange.* I have a lot of faith in my child.

**ikirizaganya** *(okw)ikirizaganya* v.intr. *ikirizagainye* to reach a consensus • *Twikire oku nyikirizaganya.* We have reached a consensus.

**ikirya** *(okw)ikirya* v.tr. *ikiriirye* to keep in a place temporarily • *Leeta* *omwana omwikirye ani.* Bring the child and keep her here temporarily. **ikoda** *(e)ikoda* n.5 rudeness, impoliteness, naughtiness • *Abaana ba biro bini bata n'eikoda.* Today's children are naughty.

**ikoke** *(e)ikoke* n.5 ash • *Oba ekyoto kiwoore, toolamu eikoke.* Remove the ash from the cooking place if it has cooled down.

**ikomera** *(e)ikomera* n.5/6 prison • *Omusaiza yafiriire omu ikomera.* The man died in the prison.

**ikooko** *(e)ikooko* n.5/6 cambium and sapwood parts of a tree • *Ebiyenze byabyaliire omu ikooko lya musaale.* Cockroaches laid eggs on the bark of the tree.

**ikooro** *(e)ikooro* n.5/6 factory, plant • *Eikooro lya bikaizo liyiire.* The sugar factory has burnt down.

**ikoti** *(e)ikoti* n.5/6 neck • *Omusaiza alina eikoti erikooto nk'erya mberege.* The man has a big neck like a pig's.

**ikubbiro** *(e)ikubbiro* n.5 thorough beating, good thrashing • *Baamukubbire n'asigala omu ikubbiro.* He received a good thrashing.

**ikude** *(e)ikude* n.5/6 hip • *Omukali alina amakude agakooto.* The woman has big hips.

**ikuka** *(e)ikuka* n.5/6 type of water potato, aquatic vegetation • *Amakuka gaita encwi.* Floating water plants kill fish.

**ikululu** *(o)ikululu* n.1a/10 ostrich • *Ikululu nikyo kinyonyi ekisinga obukooto.* The ostrich is the biggest bird. **ikumbaaniro** *(e)ikumbaaniro* n.5/6 (a) social centre • *Oku buli iruguza kubbaaku eikumbaaniro.* Every subcounty has a social centre. (b) temple, house of worship, synagogue • *Omukama Sulemaani yayombokeire oKanca eikumbaaniro.* King Solomon constructed a temple for God.

**ikumbe** *(e)ikumbe* n.9/10 public, community • *Kisai ebifo bya ikumbe okubba n'ebyolooni.* It is good for public places to have toilets.

**ikumi** num. (a) ten • *Omucungwa gulimu emirundi ikumi.* An orange comes in ten types. (b) **mwezi gwa ikumi** October (c) **mwezi gwa ikumi na gumwei** November (d) **mwezi gwa ikumi n'eibiri** December (e) **ikumi na (-)mwei** (e.g. *ikumi n'emwei, ikumi n'omwei*) eleven (f) **ikumi na ibiri** twelve (g) **ikumi na inai** fourteen (h) **ikumi na isatu** thirteen (i) **ikumi na itaanu** fifteen (j) sixteen **ikumi na mukanga** (k) **ikumi na munanai** eighteen (l) **ikumi na musanju** seventeen (m) **ikumi na mwendai** nineteen

**ikundi** [see also *mukundi*] *(e)ikundi* n.5/6 navel, umbilicus • *Eikundi lya mwana likumuluma.* The child's navel hurts.

**ikura** *(e)ikura* n.5/6 (a) pearl • *OYesu niye ibbaale erya ikura.* Jesus is a precious pearl. (b) stone put inside the drum • *Eibbaale eribba munda mu ngoma balyeta eikura.* The stone put inside the drum is called 'ikura'. **ikuta** *(okw)ikuta* v.intr. *ikutire* to be

satisfied, to be content • *Ka nsuubire nti ati oikutire.* Let me hope that you are now satisfied.

**ikuuku** *(o)ikuuku* n.1a/10 (a) type of weed • *Oikuuku muzibu wa kuzikya.* Ikuuku is difficult to weed. (b) dangerous thing or person • *OKajura afuukire ikuuku takyawuura.* Kajura has become very dangerous because he no longer listens.

**ikya** *(okw)ikya* v.tr. *ikirye* (a) to deliver, to bring, to take, to transport, to courier • *Ikya obukwenda buni eji jegenge.* Deliver this message to the king. (b) to have ready for harvest • *OMukalasa aikirye emiyembe.* Mukalasa has his mangoes ready for harvest. (c) to do something for the sake of it • *Akola kwikya murwa.* He is working for the sake of it. (d) **ikya (o)mwoyo** to calm down, relax • *Mwana wange ikya omwoyo oiza kutereera.* My dear, relax, everything will be okay. (e) **ikya (o)mwoyo** to sigh, to breathe out, to exhale • *Ni yamboine naikya omwoyo.* He sighed with relief when he saw me.

**ima** *(okw)ima* v.ditr. *imire* to deny, to refuse, to turn down, to reject, to decline • *Baanyimire omukisa gwa kwaba omu isomero.* I was denied the opportunity to go to school.

**imaamu** *(o)imaamu* n.1a/2 <from Ar. > imam (an Islamic leader) • *Abasiraamu ba Galiraaya bafunire oimaamu owondi.* The Muslims at Galiraaya have got a new imam.

**imi** (e.g. *mwimi, beemi*) adj. mean,

stingy, ungenerous • *Omuntu omwimi aima n'owaamwe.* A stingy person does not want to share even with his relative.

**imokole** *(e)imokole* n.5 left side, the left • *Omukono gwange ogwa imokole gunduma.* I feel pain in my left arm. **imuka** *(okw)imuka* v.intr. *imukire* (a) to stand up, to rise, to get on one's feet • *Imuka twabe.* Stand up and let's go. (b) to wake up • *Imuka olye emere.* Wake up and eat. (c) (of a war) to erupt • *Olutalo lwayimukiire e Congo.* A war erupted in Congo.

**imuki** (e.g. *kiimuki, biimuki, kyemuki*) adj. growing well • *Ebiduuma byange biimuki.* My maize is growing well.

**imukiramu** *(okw)imukiramu* v.intr. *imukiiremu* to act immediately • *Namwetere naimukiramu.* I called him and he acted immediately.

**imula** *(okw)imula* v.tr. *imwire* (a) to lift, to pick up, to raise, to hold up, to elevate • *Imula ensawu eyo ogyetiike oku mutwe.* Lift that bag and carry it on your head. (b) to wake up, to awaken, to cause to stop sleeping • *Yaba oimule oiteewo alye kyaigolo.* Go and wake up your father for supper. (c) to raise one's hand • *Eyeetejerye ayimule omukono.* Raise your hand if you have understood. (d) to invoke (a spirit), to summon • *Baabire kwimula mbandwa.* They have gone to invoke the spirits. (e) to introduce, to recognise the presence of people by asking them to stand up •

*Yimula abageni abo leke abantu babamanye.* Introduce the visitors so that people may know them. (f) to help, to assist, to aid • *Buli kiro ONyangendo ayimula omulwaire.* Nyangendo helps a patient every night.

**imuura** *(okw)imuura* v.tr. *imuliire* to break the hard crust of the potato mound in order to allow water and air to permeate through it

**inaamiira** *(okw)inaamiira* v.intr. *inamiriire* to hunch, to bend (down), to incline one's body • *Lwaki oyinaamiira otyo, omugongo gukwiza kulwala.* Why are you bending like that? Your back will get injured.

**inai** [*used in isolation and with class 9 nouns, see also nai*] num. four • *Oyinza okukwata enamba einai ekitundu.* You may get number four and a half. **inala** *(okw)inala* v.intr. *inaire* to become impoverished, to become poor

• *Omusaiza oyo yaali muguuda baitu ati atandikire okwinala.* That man was rich, but he became poor.

**inama** *(okw)inama* v.intr. *inamire* (a) to bend (down), to incline one's body • *Akwinama okukoma ebisasiro.* He is bending down to pick up rubbish. (b) to bow (as a sign of respect or greeting) • *Abajapaani bainama nga bakulamukya.* The Japanese bow while greeting.

**inamira** *(okw)inamira* v.intr. *inamiire* to chat, to pass time, to converse, to chatter • *Aboojo mwize twinamire.* Friends, come and let's chat.

**inamiri** (e.g. *mwinamiri*) adj. to be

sad • *Yali mwinamiri n'atulika amaliga.* She was so sad, tears flowed down her face.

**inamya** *(okw)inamya* v.tr. *inamirye* to bend, to force into a curve or an angle • *Inamya omuyembe tunokole emiyembe.* Bend the mango tree so that we can pick the mangoes.

**inayina** *(okw)inayina* v.intr. *inayinire* to loiter, to stroll, to wander, to roam around • *Ebisolo byamu bikwinayina kyanjo.* Your animals are roaming around.

**inaza** *(okw)inaza* v.tr. *inaize* (a) to destroy, to ruin, to harm, to crash, to demolish • *Eibara eribbi liinaza ebiseera bya mwana ebya mu maiso.* A bad name destroys a child's future. (b) to impoverish, to make poor • *Egavumenti ya Obote yayinaize Obuganda.* Obote's government impoverished the Buganda Kingdom.

**induka** *(okw)induka* v.intr. *indukire* (a) to turn, to move around, to rotate • *Yinduka olole oku gulyo.* Turn and face right. (b) to change direction, to go different way • *Yayindukire n'akwata ogwa bugwa.* He changed direction and took the western route. (c) to break away, to separate from • *OMuseveni yayindukire oku DP.* Museveni broke away from the Democratic Party.

**indula** *(okw)indula* v.tr. *indwire* (a) to change, to modify • *Omwojo akuyindula amamiro.* The boy's voice is changing due to puberty. (b) to transfer • *ODamali abbaire muntu musai,*

*wabula bamuyindwire.* Damali has been a good person, but she has been transferred. (c) to avert (disease, bad weather, calamity), to prevent, to ward off • *Ekiyindula kiyindula emisango.* The Abutilon indicum plant is believed to avert judgement of cases in courts of law. (d) to transfer labour pains to the husband (It is believed that a woman can transfer the labour pains to the father of the child.)• *Omukali anyinduliire ekida.* The woman has transferred her labour pains to me. (e) to open (a page of a book) • *Yindula oyire oku olupapula lwa 104 olwa kideero kya Luganda.* Open page 104 of the Luganda dictionary. (f) to interpret, to translate • *Ayinduura abagenyi orubazo okuzwa omulimi olundi.* She interprets speech from a different language for visitors.

**indulugensiya** *(e)indulugensiya* n.9 <from En.> indulgence • *N'ojuna abooro ng'oli mu kisiibo ofuna eindulugensiya okuzwa ewa Kanca.* When you give alms to the poor, you receive indulgences from God.

**ingaanisya** *(okw)ingaanisya* v.tr. *inganisirye* to exchange, to trade, to swap • *Abasambi ba mupiira batera okwingaanisya emijoozi.* Football players usually exchange their jerseys.

**ingai**(e.g. *zingai*) interrog. (a) how much, how many • *Omuwaire empiiya zingai?* How much money have you given him? (b) **ka ingai** how often • *Ka ingai nga nkwiza ani n'otabonekeku?* How often have I come here without seeing you?

**ingana** [see *enkana*] *(okw)ingana* v.intr. *ingaine* (a) to be equal, to be like, to be the same • *Omusaiza oyo n'omukali waamwe baingana.* That man and his wife are equal. (b) to quarrel, to verbally assault, to argue, to fight • *Baingana muno baitu basigala bakwendyagana.* They quarrel a lot, but still love each other.

**ingi** (e.g. *kingi, bingi*) adj. numerous, multiple, many • *Ebiduuma bingi ebiro bini.* Maize is plentiful these days. **inginiya** *(o)inginiya* n.1a/2 <from En.> engineer • *Omwana wange akusomeera bwa inginiya.* My child is studying to become an engineer.

**ingira** *(okw)ingira* v.intr. *ingiire* (a) to enter, to go inside • *Yingira oyikale ansi.* Enter and sit down! (b) to intervene, to interfere • *Iza oingire omu nsonga za muto waamu.* Come and intervene in the matters concerning your younger brother.

**ingiriira** *(okw)ingiriira* v.intr./tr. *ingiriire* (a) to attack, to assault • *Bbaamwingiriire ne bamwibba ebintu byona.* They attacked her and stole everything from her. (b) to impede, to hinder, to inhibit, to disturb, to interfere • *Lwaki okwingiriira enteekateeka za mwiraawo?* Why do you interfere with your colleague's affairs? (c) (of a man) to live at his wife's home • *Omu Baruuli omusaiza okwingiriira omukali.* It is a taboo

among the Baruuli for a man to live at his wife's home.

**ingirya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ingirya* v.tr. *ingiirye* (a) to take into, to bring in, to take in • *OBintubizibu akwingirya obusye omu nyumba.* Bintubizibu is taking millet flour into the house. (b) to adopt (a child) • *Omwana oyo namwingiirye omu lubuga lwange.* I adopted that child into my family.

**ingiryamu** *(okw)ingiryamu* v.tr. *ingiiryemu* to include, to incorporate • *Baabwirye bigambo ki ebyakuta omu nsobooro.* They asked which words need to be included in the dictionary.

**ingisya** *(okw)ingisya* v.tr. *ingisirye* to exchange, to swap, to barter • *Baingisirye enamba za simu ni baitiraine.* They exchanged phone numbers when they met.

**ini** *(e)ini* n.5/6 liver • *Eini lyamwe lirwaire.* His liver is infected.

**inika** *(okw)inika* v.tr. *inikire* (a) to immerse, to dip, to duck, to submerge • *Kabona yayinikire omwana omu maizi.* The priest immersed the child in water. (b) to soak • *Inika obusye tukole amalwa.* Soak the millet and we will make beer.

**iniko** *(e)iniko* n.5/6 (a) flank hip bone • *Yayendekeire mu iniko.* He sustained a fracture of the flank hip bone. (b) pelvic girdle • *Ayendekere amaniko.* He has broken his pelvic girdle.

**inoli** *(e)inoli* n.5/6 fat • *Ontaama abba n'amanoli gaingi.* The mutton

has a lot of fat.

**isongolya nkubebe** *(e)isongolya nkubebe* n.5/6 sharp-pointed stump or log • *Eisongolya nkubebe lisumita abaana nga bakuzeenyera omu kisiko.* Sharp-pointed logs often prick children while they play in the bush.

**inuka** *(okw)inuka* v.intr. *inukire* to end the day's work • *Obwire bwa kwinuka nibwo buni.* It is time to end the day's work.

**inula** *(okw)inula* v.tr. *inwire* to ask (someone) to end the day's work • *Yaba omwinule.* Go and ask her to stop working.

**inulula** *(okw)enulula* v.intr. *inulwire* (a) to save oneself from trouble • *Omuliraanwa talina sente za kwenulula kuzwa mu buzibu bw'alimu.* My neighbour has no money to save himself from the trouble he is in. (b) to attain independence • *Uganda yenulwire okuzwa omu mikono gya Bajungu mu 1962.* Uganda attained independence from the British in 1962. **inunuka** *(okw)inunuka* v.intr. *inunukire* to straighten one's back • *Ni yaboine omukali waamwe n'ainunuka.* When he saw his wife, he straightened his back.

**ipaapaali** *(e)ipaapaali* n.5/6 papaya • *Naguure amapaapaali ataanu nga ga baana bange.* I bought five papayas for my children.

**ipeera** *(e)ipeera* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> guava • *Bamuliireku eipeera.* He has missed eating guava. **ipeesa** *(e)ipeesa* n.5/6 button • *Esaa-* *ti yange eriku amapeesa ataanu.* My shirt has five buttons.

**-ir** sf. applicative suffix (extension) on verbs

**ira**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ira* v.intr. (a) to go, to move towards, to move in the direction of • *Ira edi.* Go that way. (b) to come (back), to return • *Baira di e Kayunga?* When are they returning to Kayunga? (c) **ira (e)nyuma** to move in reverse, to move back • *Emotoka yagiirye enyuma kubba yerabiire ensawu yaamu.* He reversed the car because he had forgotten his bag. (d) **ira (e)nyuma** to regress, to deteriorate • *Bbizineensi yaamwe eire enyuma.* His business is not performing well.

**ira**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ira* n.5/6 pearl • *Abaana baaboine eira oku nyanja.* The children found a pearl at the lake shore.

**iragazu** [see *iragazu*] (e.g. *giraguzu, byeragazu, lwiragazu*) adj. black • *Olugoye lwamwe lwiragazu.* His cloth is black.

**iragulya** *(okw)iragulya* v.tr. *iragwirye* (a) to soil, to smear, to stain, • *Omwana airagwirye saati yange.* A child has soiled my shirt. (b) to dye black, to blacken, to make black • *Ku mbaga ya mwara wange abakali bairagurya eisoke.* For my daughter's wedding, the women will dye their hair black.

**iragura** *(okw)iragura* v.intr. *iragwire* to be dirty, to be filthy • *Egiraasi ekwiragura.* The glass is dirty.

**iraguya** *(okw)iragurya* v.intr. *ira-*

*gwirye* (of a beard) to grow • *Omutaani wange airagwirye omulezu.* My son has started growing a beard. **iraguzu** [see *iragazu*]

**irai** *(e)irai* n.9/10 (a) ancient times, old age • *Mpeerya ekitabo ekyo ekya irai.* Give me that ancient book. (b) once, long ago, in the past, earlier, already • *Yaabire irai nga okyabbasirye.* He went a long time ago while you were still asleep. (c) **irai budi** long ago • *Eirai budi ng'omukali talya ndu.* In the past women used not to eat lungfish. (d) **irai n'(e)irai** since time immemorial, very long ago, in the distant past • *Eirai n'eirai ng'abakali aBaganda tibavuga gaali.* Long ago, Baganda women did not ride bicycles.

**iraka**<sup>1</sup> *(e)iraka* n.5/6 (a) sound, noise • *Kiki ekyo ekikoore eiraka erikooto?* What made the loud sound? (b) voice • *Kangula oku iraka abantu bakuwuure.* Speak loudly and clearly so that people hear you.

**iraka**<sup>2</sup> *(e)iraka* n.5/6 *Cyperus rotundus* (coco-grass, Java grass, nut grass)

**iralu** *(e)iralu* n.5 (a) madness, insanity • *Omu Kampala mulimu abagwi wa iralu baingi.* There are many madmen in Kampala. (b) stubbornness • *Lekerawo eiralu.* Stop this stubbornness.

**iramiryo** *(e)iramiryo* n.5/6 place of worship (e.g. a shrine) • *Baabire mu iramiryo kuramya.* They have gone to the shrine to worship.

**iramu** *(okw)iramu* v.tr. *iremu* (a) to do again, to repeat • *Nje okwiramu okwaba ewa mukali oyo, koyi!* Me, to go back to that woman's place? No way! (b) to answer, to respond, to reply • *Odi namwiramu, "esente nkwiza kukuwa," nti, "ooh!" nti, "eeh." aah, n'ayaba.* And the other one responded, "I will give the money". Then he said "Ooh!", "Eeh!", "Aah", and he left. (c) to repeat (an exam) • *Iramu omu kibiina osobole okwakala okusai.* Repeat the class so that you get good grades.

**iramyo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)iramyo* n.5/6 (a) church • *Eiramyo lya bakatuliki ka lisai!* The Catholic church is very good. (b) church service • *Eiramyo lya leero likulembeirwe Nakazibwe.* Today's church service was led by Nakazibwe.

**iramyo**<sup>2</sup> interj. the traditional way of thanking the potter • *Iramyo! - Binaga!* Let them bake well! – The pots!

**iranga** *(e)iranga* n.5/6 (a) canna lily plant • *Ekimera kya eiranga kizwaku amalanga.* The canna lily plant produces the canna lily grain. (b) canna lily seed • *Amaranga nigo bateeka omu nsansi.* Canna lily seeds are used to make shakers. (c) steel ball • *Egaali ebaamu amaranga.* The bicycle has steel balls.

**iranti** *(e)iranti* n.5/6 pole supporting a hunting net • *Ebitimba mubite oku maranti.* Set the hunting nets on the poles.


**-ire** sf. perfective aspect suffix on verbs

**irembo***(e)irembo* n.5/6 (a) (of a house) front side • *Yakangiire mu irembo n'ayirayo.* He stopped in front of the house and went back. (b) home

• *Kitaka buli muntu n'abba n'eirembo.* Every person deserves to have a home.

**iribwa** *(okw)iribwa* v.intr. *iriibwe* to regain consciousness, to come to • *Abbaire akabire airiibwe.* A person who had fainted regained consciousness.

**iriga** *(e)iriga* n.5/6 tear drop, tear • *Taalina gonze eiriga erimwei omu maiso.* She doesn't have even a single teardrop.

**iriibwa** *(e)iriibwa* n.5/6 cucumber • *Amaliibwa gawooma nk'ebyongu.* Cucumbers taste like pumpkins.

**iriika** *(okw)iriika* v.intr. *iriikire* to grumble, to complain, to grouse, to whine, to mutter, to protest, to make a fuss • *Lekerawo okukwiriika.* Stop grumbling.

**iriira**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)iriira* v.intr. *iririire* to go and return on the same day • *Bayiririire e Kampala.* They went to Kampala and returned on the same day.

**iriira**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)iriira* v.intr. *iririire* to be next • *Niiwe okwiriira.* You are next. **iriiro** *(e)iriiro* n.5/6 dining room, sitting room • *Emere tugiriira mu iriiro.* We eat food in the dining room.

**iriirya** *(okw)iriirya* v.tr. *iriirye* (a) to return, to replace, to bring back, to give back • *Nyiriirya esaawa ya-* *nge.* Bring me back my watch. (b) to replace seeds that have failed to germinate • *Yiriirya ebiduuma ebyo.* Replace the maize seeds that failed to germinate. (c) to give a tip, to tip • *Omaama amaite okwiriirya abakoli ba mu wooteeri.* Mom often gives a tip to hotel workers.

**iriisiryo** *(e)iriisiryo* n.5/6 animal farm • *Ata n'eiriisiryo likooto.* He has a big animal farm.

**irika** *(okw)irika* v.tr. *irikire* to keep together, to gather in one place • *Enyama, ebiyaata, sukaali byonabyona babiyirikire omu kisiika kimwei.* They kept all the meat, potatoes, and sugar together in one room.

**irinduka** *(okw)irinduka* v.intr. *irindukire* to move in large numbers • *Olugologombo lwa mbuli luyirindukire mu biduuma byange.* Many goats moved into my maize garden.

**iringita** *(okw)iringita* v.intr. *iringitire* to roll, to move by turning over and over • *Ekibbaale kikwiringita.* The stone is rolling.

**iringitya** *(okw)iringitya* v.tr. *iringitirye* to roll, to cause to move by turning over and over • *Yiringitya ekikonge ekyo.* Roll that tree stump.

**iro** [see also *irowo*] *(e)iro* n.5 craving for smoking, smoking urge • *Omunywi wa taaba abba n'eiro.* A smoker has a craving for cigarettes.

**irobo** *(e)irobo* n.5/6 hook, fishhook, barb • *Eirobo lyange nditegesya male.* I use my hook to catch the mudfish. **irogo** *(e)irogo* n.5 witchcraft • *Aba-* *ntu abamwe bakola eirogo.* Some people practice witchcraft.

**iromba** *(e)iromba* n.5/6 big navel • *Omukali oyo ata n'eiromba.* The woman has a big navel.

**irongo** *(o)irongo* n.1a east wind • *Oirongo n'akubba alanga isana.* The east wind announces a drought.

**irowo** [see also *iro*]*(e)irowo* n.5 craving for smoking, smoking urge • *Ata n'eirowo lya kunywa taaba.* She has a craving to smoke a cigarette.

**iruba** *(e)iruba* n.5/6 well, borehole

• *Baabire kusaka iruba.* They have gone to dig the well.

**irubuza** *(okw)irubuza* v.tr. *irubizire, irubwize* to move (animals) from one grazing place to the other • *Yaba oirubuze embuli, obwire bwikire.* Go, it is time to transfer the goats.

**iruguza** *(e)iruguza* n.5/6 sub-county • *Nabyaliibwe mu iruguza lya Ibbaale.* I was born in Bbaale sub-county. **iruka** *(okw)iruka* v.intr. *irukire* to run, to run away, (of a vehicle) to move fast • *Omwana airuka muno okusinga abakulu.* The child runs faster than adults.

**iruke** *(e)iruke* n.5/6 gorilla • *Amairuke kyabulambuli omu Uganda.* Gorillas are a tourist attraction in Uganda. **irukiira** *(okw)irukiira* v.tr. *irukiriire* to help, to rescue, to assist • *Mwirukiire badi abagwire oku butandu.* Rescue those who were involved in the accident.

**irukya** *(okw)irukya* v.tr. *irukirye* (a) to chase away, to drive away • *Iru-* *kya ebinyonyi omu ndumiro ya bwita.* Chase away those birds from the millet garden. (b) to fire, to dismiss • *Bamwirukyirye oku mulimu mu butali bwenkanya.* He was dismissed from his job unfairly.

**iruma**<sup>1</sup> *(o)iruma* n.1a/10 dove, pigeon • *Oiruma awooma muno.* Dove is very tasty.

**iruma**<sup>2</sup> *(e)iruma* n.5 season for farming, sowing season • *Twigereire ebiro bya iruma.* We are approaching the sowing season.

**Iruma**<sup>3</sup> *Iruma* n.1a Kabaka's landing site • *Batangaraine oku mwalo gwa Kabaka ogwetebwa Iruma.* They met at Kabaka's landing site called Iruma.

**irungu**<sup>1</sup> *(e)irungu* n.5/6 desert • *Kizibu okuluma ebitooke omu irungu.* It is hard to grow matoke in the desert. **Irungu**<sup>2</sup> *(o)irungu* n.1a type of spirit responsible for success in hunting and riches

**irwaliro** [see *irwaro*]

**irwaro** *(e)irwaro* n.5/6 hospital, ward • *Bamutwaire mu irwaro lya Nakasongola.* He has been taken to Nakasongola hospital.

**irya** *(okw)irya* v.tr. *irye* (a) to return, to put back, to take back • *Irya enkaito zaamwe mangumangu.* Return his shoes immediately. (b) **irya (o)bukuku** to go back to past grudges • *OBalimweza namukobereku, n'anyiriirya obukuku.* I warned Balimweza, but he kept going back to his past grudges. (c) **irya (o)bwenkulumu** to

regurgitate • *Embuli zimwe oku bisolo ebiirya obwenkulumu.* Goats are one of the animals which regurgitate. (d) **irya (a)magita** to perform the ceremony where the bride goes home to officially visit her relatives after the wedding • *Omukali ayabire kwiryayo magita.* The woman has gone back home to officially visit her relatives after marriage. (e) **irya (o)musango** to commit an offence, to commit a crime, to break the law • *Lwaki okwirya emisango buli kaseera?* Why do you keep committing offences every now and then?

**iryaku** *(okw)iryaku* v.tr. *iryeku* (a) to do next • *Ni namala e wange, nkwiryaku waamu.* When I finish working at my home, I will work at yours next. (b) to have (a further child) • *Omwana tumwiryeku.* Let us have another child, please. (c) to remarry, to marry again, to marry (another woman) • *Omukali okumwiryaku di?* When will you remarry?

**iryamu** *(okw)iryamu* v.tr. *iryemu* (a) to refill, to replace • *Iryamu amaizi omu kidomola.* Refill the jerry can with water. (b) to replant • *Ebiduuma byange byagaine okumera, nkwiryamu bindi.* My maize did not germinate well, so I am replanting. (c) **iryamu (a)maani** to encourage, to support • *Abawagizi bairyamu amaani etiimu yaabwe.* The fans encourage their team.

**iryawo** *(okw)iryawo* v.tr. *iryewo* (a) to shut, to close • *Aiza eka nairyawo* *olwige.* He comes home and shuts the door. (b) to restore, to revive, to bring back • *Twiryewo emirwa, engeso n'emikiirokiiro gyaiswe.* Let us revive our norms, values and traditions.

**iryayo** *(okw)iryayo* v.tr. *iryeyo* to take back, to return, to put back, to pay back • *Iryayo omukeeka ogwo omu nyumba.* Take that mat back to the house.

**isa** *(e)isa* n.5 (of a person) category, kind, type • *Nkute mu isa ki?* What kind of a person are you?

**isaabatuubi** *(o)isaabatuubi* n.1a/2 glutton • *Oyo omusaiza isaabatuubi.* That man is a glutton.

**isaamiro** *(e)isaamiro* n.5/6 bark cloth making workshop • *Katwabe omu isaamiro nkusaamireyo olubugo.* Let us go to the bark cloth making workshop and I will make bark cloth. **isaaniiko** *(e)isaaniiko* n.5 used banana leaves • *Eisaaniiko lini linage omu lusuku.* Throw away the used banana leaves at the banana plantation.

**isaasi** *(e)isaasi* n.5 pity, mercy • *OYesu agira eisaasi oku bantu abakubonaabona.* Jesus has mercy upon people who are suffering.

**isaayiriiryo** *(e)isaiririiryo* n.5/6 processing plant • *Opamba tumutwale omu isaayiriiryo bamukolemu enkosi.* Let us bring the cotton to the processing plant and they will make it into fibre.

**isaazi** *(e)isaazi* n.5/6 milking parlour

• *Yaba omu isaazi ondeetereyo amatai.* Go to the milking parlour and bring me some milk.

**isabaguuda** *(o)isabaguuda* n.1a/2 richest person • *Oisabaguuda wa kuni niye naani?* Who is the richest person here?

**isabakabona** *(o)isabakabona* n.1a/2 high priest, archpriest • *Oisabakabona akwiza olwaleero okutaaku abaana emikono.* The high priest is coming today to carry out the children's confirmation.

**isabalabirizi** *(o)isabalabirizi* n.1a/2 archbishop (of the Church of Uganda) • *Oisabalabirizi niye akuura abalabirizi.* The Archbishop is the head of all the bishops.

**isabalooleeri** *(o)isabalooleeri* n.1a/2 archbishop (of the Church of Uganda)

**Isabanyala** *(o)IsaBanyala* n.1a/2 Isabanyala (the traditional leader of Banyala) • *OIsabanyala limwei oku mabara ga mukama wa Bunyala.* Isabanyala is one of the names given to the cultural leader of the Banyala.

**Isabaruuli** *(o)Isabaruuli* n.1a/2 Isabaruuli (the traditional leader of Baluuri) • *OIsabaruuli limwei oku mabara ga mukama wa Buruuli.* Isabaruuli is one of the names given to the cultural leader of the Baruuli. **isabawandiiki** *(o)isabawandiiki* n.1a/2 secretary general • *OBalaba niye isabawandiiki wa Bukama bwa Bunyala.* Balaba is the secretary general of the Bunyala kingdom.

**isaga** *(e)isaga* n.5/6 twig • *Kumbaania amasaga tusumbe ocaayi.* Collect the twigs and we will make tea.

**isagama** *(e)isagama* n.5 blood • *Abakaromoja balya eisagama lya nte.* The Karamojong eat cow blood.

**isaju** *(e)isaju* n.5/6 fat • *Abaana bataka muno okulya amasaju.* Children like to eat fats very much.

**isale** *(e)isale* n.5/6 sea shell • *Amasale gaingi e Namasale.* There are many seashells at the Namasale landing site.

**isamaka** [see *isemaka*]

**isamba**<sup>1</sup> *(o)isamba* n.1a/10 eagle • *Oisamba aliire akaana ka nkoko.* The eagle ate the chick.

**isamba**<sup>2</sup> *(e)isamba* n.5/6 <from Sw.> shamba, plantation • *Nta n'eisamba lya njaaye.* I have a marijuana plantation.

**isambiro** *(e)isambiro* n.5/6 playground, football pitch • *Eisambiro lya mupiira lini lifundi.* This football pitch is small.

**isambiryo** *(e)isambiryo* n.5/6 spur (of a cock) • *Empanga zibba n'amasambiryo oku magulu.* Cocks have spurs on their legs.

**Isambula** *(e)Isambula* n.9 July • *Ndiiza omu kwezi kwa Isambula.* I will come in July.

**isambya** *(e)isambya* n.5 second rain season, second season for planting (which usually begins from around August) • *Nkubbooka biyaata bya isambya.* I am planting potatoes for the second rainy season.

**isami** *(e)isami* n.5 lake fly • *Eisami libba lingi mu biro bya kyanda.* There are too many lake flies during the dry season.

**isana**<sup>1</sup> *(e)isana* n.5 (a) sun, sunshine • *N'olola omu isana ensaale z'aisana zikwita amaiso.* If you look directly into the sun, the rays will injure your eyes. (b) drought, dry spell • *Eisana ka lyakaliriirye!* The drought is excessive. (c) **isana ligwire** at dusk • *Naiza nga eisana ligwire.* I will come at dusk. (d) **isana limiire** at dusk • *Yafiire nga eisana limiire.* He died at dusk. (e) **isana lya kyanda** dry season • *Omu ikeka tubba n'eisana lya kyandya.* We are experiencing a dry season during the sweet potato slicing season. (f) hepatitis • *Oyo mulwaire wa isana.* That person is suffering from hepatitis.

**isana**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)isana* v.tr. *isaine* to look like, to be like, to resemble • *We oisana iteewo.* You look like your dad.

**isanga** *(e)isanga* n.5/6 tusk • *Onzogi abba n'amasanga.* The elephant has tusks.

**isani** *(e)isani* n.5/6 statue, idol • *Eisani lya Bikira Maria lisai.* The statue of Holy Mary is nice.

**isaniisiirya** *(okw)isaniisiirya* v.intr. *isaniisiriirye* to look familiar, to look recognisable • *Ekifo kini nkukisaniisiirya.* This place looks familiar to me.

**isanika** *(okw)isanika* v.tr. *isanikire* to look like, to resemble

**isansa** *(e)isansa* n.5/6 type of wild

fruit which grows in a cluster and is red when ripe type of wild cooking matoke

**isanso** *(e)isanso* n.5/6 twig • *Amasanso ga musaale gendekere.* The tree's twigs are broken.

**isanyu** *(e)isanyu* n.5 happiness, joy • *Otasiisa isanyu lyaiswe.* Don't ruin our happiness.

**isara** *(e)isara* n.5 stale local brew • *Tintaka kunywa isara.* I don't like drinking stale local brew.

**isasa** *(e)isasa* n.5/6 blacksmith's workshop • *Omukali ali omu kwezi taikirizibwa kwikala omu isasa.* A woman who is menstruating is not allowed to sit in a blacksmith's workshop.

**isasi** *(e)isasi* n.5/6 bullet • *Bakubbire ongiri eisasi.* They shot the warthog with a bullet.

**isatu** [*used in isolation and with class 9 nouns, see (-)satu*] *(e)isatu* num. three • *Namba isatu ku gumoso.* Number three is on the left hand. **isaza** *(e)isaza* n.5/6 county • *Nabyaliibwe omu isaza lya Bukomansimbi.* I was born in Bukomansimbi county. **isebalongo** *(o)isebalongo* n.1a/2 father of twins • *Oisebalongo n'afa, azikibwa igoloigolo.* When a father of twins dies, he is buried in the evening.

**isebintu** *(o)isebintu* n.1a/2 property owner, rich person • *OBugurwa niye isebintu wa kuni.* Bugurwa is the property owner in this area.

**isemaka** *(o)isemaka* n.1a/2 family

head • *Isemaka yenkai niye aikirizibwa okwikaara omu ntebe.* It is only the head of the family who is allowed to sit in the chair.

**isemakaabiri** *(o)isemakaabiri* n.1a/2 polygamous man • *Oisemakaabiri tabba na mirembe.* A polygamous man is never at peace.

**isemateeka** *(o)isemateeka* n.1a/2 constitution • *Oisemateeka waiswe asaine akuumibwe kusai.* Our constitution should be well protected.

**isendemwaki** *(o)isendemwaki* n.1a/2 go-getter, achiever, high achiever, man/woman of action • *Abaisendemwaki babba bawanguzi.* Go-getters are always successful.

**isenga** *(o)isenga* n.1a/2 paternal aunt • *Ayabire n'oisenga waamwe.* She has gone with her paternal aunt.

**isenkulu** *(o)isenkulu* n.1a/2 leader, head • *Niye isenkulu wa kitongole kya byabwomi.* He is the head of the health department.

**isentebe** *(o)isentebe* n.1a/2 chairperson, chairman, chairwoman • *Niye isentebe wa disitulikiti ya Isingiro.* He is the chairman of Isingiro district.

**ishi** interj. yuck, ew, ick (expression of strong distaste or disgust) • *Ishi, tosobola kuculeera!* Yuck, can't you settle down!

**isibyala** *(o)isibyala* n.1a/2 father-inlaw • *Oisibyala wange mulwaire muno.* My father-in-law is very sick.

**isiga** *(e)isimba* n.5/6 planting season **isimba**<sup>1</sup> *(o)isimba* n.1a/10 genet • *Oisimba aliire onkoko wange.* The genet has eaten my hen.

**isimba**<sup>2</sup> *(e)isimba* n.5/6 planting season • *OMuseven yabyaliibwe omu biro bya isimba.* Museven was born during the planting season.

**isimbi** *(e)isimbi* n.9/10 bedroom • *Bakwiramu okusaayiirya eisimbi.* They are redecorating the bedroom.

**Isirayiri** *Isirayiri* n.9 Israel • *OMusa yaakairye abaana ba Isirayiri omu nyanjagikooto eyetebwa Red sea.* Moses led the Israelites through the Red Sea.

**isire** adv. nonsensically • *Omusaiza oyo abaza isire buli kaseera.* That man always talks nonsensically.

**isisye** *(o)isisye* n.1a type of water weed which grows underneath water and is breeding ground for small fish

**isogooro** *(e)isogooro* n.5/6 brewing container • *Eisogooro lyange liizwire ensande.* My brewing container is full of juice.

**isoigi** *(e)isoigi* n.5 dry banana leaf • *Abasagiki ba NRM bazwala eisoigi nka abasyoli.* NRM supporters wear dry banana leaves like night dancers. **isoke** *(e)isoke* n.5 (a) hair • *Gemba eisoke oku mutwe ogwa mwana.* Shave off the child's hair. (b) **isoke lya birandi** artificially curled hair • *Omukali wange ata n'eisoke lya birandi.* My wife has curled hair.

**isomba** *(o)isomba* n.1a/10 (a) giant pouched rat • *Eisomba zimaliire ebikopo.* Giant pouched rats have carried away all my cups. (b)

**isomero** *(e)isomero* n.5/6 school • *Ayombokere eisomero lya lukale.* He built a community school.

**isomo** *(e)isomo* n.5/6 subject, lesson • *Mukwira mu isomo ki?* Which lesson are you going to?

**isongeryo** *(e)isongeryo* n.5/6 canine tooth • *Ongiri oni mukulu, alina eisongeryo linamulai.* This warthog is so old, it has a long canine tooth.

**isongino** *(e)isongino* n.5/6 hip • *ONancwezi ata n'agasongino agakooto.* Nancwezi has big hips.

**isongolyo** [see *isongeryo*]

**isonko** *(e)isonko* n.5/6 snail shell • *Ekiriŋaliŋa kibba mu isonko.* A snail lives in a shell.

**isorooryo** *(e)isorooryo* n.5/6 collection centre (e.g. coffee, pineapple) • *Eisorooryo lya mwani liri Kyerima.* The coffee collection centre is in Kyerima.

**isubi** *(e)isubi* n.5 grass • *Ente tezikyalina isubi olwa kyanda.* The cows no longer have grass because of the drought.

**isumbiro** *(e)isumbiro* n.5/6 kitchen • *Bali mu isumbiro bakulya mere.* They are in the kitchen eating.

**isumo** [see *isumu*]

**isumu** *(e)isumu* n.5/6 spear • *Mpeerya eisumu erindi.* Give me another spear.

**isunsuuro** *(e)isunsuuro* n.5/6 ginnery • *Opampa mutwale oku isunsuuro nga obwire bukyali kwakala.* Take the cotton to the ginnery before it is

too late.

**isuuka**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)isuuka* v.tr. *isuukire* to congratulate • *Omwana oyo mwisuukye emisomo.* Congratulate that child for completing her studies.

**isuuka**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)isuuka* v.tr. *isuukire* to recover (from an illness), to get better • *Yaisuukire obulwaire.* He recovered from the illness.

**isuuka**<sup>3</sup> *(e)isuuka* n.5/6 bed sheet • *Nguure amasuuka gayaaka.* I bought new bed sheets.

**isuukayo** interj. Welcome back! • *Isuukayo oku isomero.* Welcome back from school!

**isuukya** *(okw)eisuukya* v.tr. *eisuukirye* to congratulate • *Twabe twisuukye omwana okufuna ediguli.* Let's go and congratulate the graduate.

**isuuya** *(e)isuuya* n.5/6 prognathism (abnormally extended jaw) • *Omusaiza alina amasuuya agakooto.* The man has a bad case of prognathism.

**iswe** pro. we, us (first person plural independent pronoun) • *Iswe tukutaka kwega omu kifo kya kwecwacwana.* As for us, we want to learn instead of going on strike.

**isweigi** *(e)isweigi* n.5/6 dry banana leaf • *Omulwaire yabbasyanga ansi oku isweigi.* The sick person could sleep on dried banana leaves.

**iswena** pro. (a) all of us • *Iswena tukwiza.* All of us are coming. (b) we too, we as well • *Iswena tulya amatooke buli kiro.* We too eat matoke every day.

**-isy** sf. causative suffix (extension)

# on verbs

**isya** *(okw)isya* v.tr. *isirye* to brew • *Yayisirye amalwa agasai aga bageni.* He brewed very nice finger millet brew for the visitors.

**isyadu** adv. scornfully, contemptuously, mockingly, in a sneering manner, in a superior manner • *Omwojo oyo abaza isyadu.* That boy speaks scornfully.

**isyena** pro. all of us • *Twabbaayo isyena.* All of us will be there.

**isyoma** *(e)isyoma* n.5/6 creeping aerial yam • *Neizira masyoma.* I belong to the creeping aerial yam clan. **ita**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)ita* v.tr. *itire* (a) to kill, to murder, to put to death • *Twita njoka za kasuume zonkai.* We only kill dangerous snakes. (b) to slaughter, to butcher, to kill, to slay • *Omugeni omulage osobola okumwitira ombuli.* You can slaughter a goat for an invited guest. (c) to destroy

**ita**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)ita* v.tr. *itire* to plant (sweet potato vines) • *Abaala nywena mwabe muyitire ebiyaata.* All of you girls, go and plant the potato vines.

**itaagi** *(e)itaagi* n.5/6 branch (e.g. of a tree or organisation) • *Eitaagi lya musaale lyendekere.* The tree branch broke.

**itaali** *(e)itaali* n.5/6 maatali drums used primarily by Muslims at social and religious functions • *Abasiraamu bukubba amataali oku mikolo.* Moslems play mataali drums during functions.

**itaanu** [*used in isolation and with class 9 nouns, see (-)taanu*] *(e)itaanu* num. five

**itabalongo** *(o)itabalongo* n.1a/2 father of twins • *Oitabalongo yakazwa ani ayabire Masaka.* The father of the twins has just left, he has gone to Masaka.

**itabi** *(e)itabi* n.5/6 branch, bough, subdivision or section (of a company or association) • *Omusaale guni guliku amatabi gaingi.* This tree has many branches.

**itafaali** *(e)itafaali* n.5/6 brick • *Leeta ani eitafaali limwei.* Bring one brick here.

**itakali** *(e)itakali* n.5 land, soil, ground • *Nguure eitakali obukaire ikumi.* I bought the land for ten million.

**itako** *(e)itako* n.5/6 <from Sw.> buttock, cheek • *Bona omusaiza alina amatako agakooto.* Look at the man with big buttocks.

**itama** *(e)itama* n.5/6 (a) cheek • *Omwala ata n'amatama gakooto.* The girl has big cheeks. (b) blade (of a spear) • *Eisumu lyamwe liriku amatama gagazi.* His spear has big blades.

**itambiro** *(e)itambiro* n.5/6 (a) hospital, clinic • *Omulwaire mumutwale omu itambiro.* Take the patient to hospital. (b) altar• *Omubuulizi yafeereire ku itambiro.* The priest died at the altar.

**itamiiro** *(e)itamiiro* n.5 drunkenness • *Eitamiiro lyamusulisirye mu bbaala.* Drunkenness made him sleep in the bar.

**itamuto** *(o)itamuto* n.1a/2 paternal uncle • *Nakuriire wa ita muto.* I grew up in my paternal uncle's home.

**itanga** *(e)itanga* n.5/6 tell-tale (a piece of fabric on a sailboat that shows the direction of the wind) • *Bbwa eitanga oku lyato tusobole okumanya ompungo gy'akuliga.* Tie a tell-tale on the boat so that we know where the wind is blowing from.

**Itange** *(o)Itange* n.1a Father, God • *Katonda otaata, Katonda mwana ne Katonda omwoyo akwera, amiina.* God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, amen.

**itangi** [see *itaagi*]

**ite** *(o)ite* n.1a/2 father • *Oite wange yalina ente binai.* My father had four hundred cows.

**iteeka** *(e)iteeka* n.5/6 law • *Amateeka ga Uganda bagakyusakyusa buli bwire.* Uganda's laws are changed every now and then.

**iteewo** *(o)iteewo* n.1 your father • *Yaba oimule oiteewo alye ekyaigolo.* Go and wake up your father for supper. **itegula** *(e)itegula* n.5/6 roofing tile • *Wasigairewo eitegula limwei.* There is one roofing tile left.

**itembo** *(e)itembo* n.5/6 young banana plantation • *Ngodi akuzuba mu itembo lyamwe.* He is there weeding his young banana plantation.

**itendekero** *(e)itendekero* n.5/6 training institute, college, university • *Omwana ayabire mu itendekero lya*

*bulumi.* The child has joined the Institute of Agriculture.

**itente** *(e)itente* n.5 stubbornness, obstinacy • *Omwana wa itente bamukubbire.* The stubborn child was beaten.

**iteri** *(o)iteri* n.1a dayflower (*Commelina*) • *Oiteri yameere ampi omu kitunga.* A dayflower grew near the swamp.

**itiira** *(okw)itiira* v.tr. *itiriire* to irrigate, to water • *Itiira ebirume byamu leke obifunemu.* Irrigate your crops if you want to benefit from them.

**itikira** *(okw)itikira* v.intr. *itikiire* to be thorough, to be efficient • *Tiyali mwitikire omu mulimu gwamwe.* He was not thorough in his work.

**itikiri**<sup>1</sup> (e.g. *kyetikiri, byeetikiri, lwetikiri*) adj. real, true, original • *Gani amatai gatikiri ti bicupuli ebiri oku katale.* It is real milk, not the fake one on the market.

**itikiri**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mwitikiri, beetikiri*) adj. dark-skinned, swarthy • *Oite wange musaiza mwitikiri.* My father is a dark-skinned man.

**itimba** *(o)itimba* n.1a/10 python • *Yaboine oitimba omu kisiko eigolo.* He saw a python in the bush yesterday. **itinde** *(e)itinde* n.5/6 clod, lump of soil • *Omulumi akutema matinde.* The farmer is breaking clods of soil. **itira**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)itira* v.intr. *itiire* to have a running stomach, to have an upset stomach • *Omwana wange akwitira.* My child has a running stomach.

**itira**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)itira* v.intr. *itiire* to fumigate a container with grass• *Ekyanzi bakitira na kicunga.* A milk gourd is cleaned with smoke from a small kiln.

**itira**<sup>3</sup> *(okw)itira* v.tr. *itiire* to cull, to thin out • *Obwita ni bubba bwingi babwitira.* When there are too many millet plants in one place, they are thinned out.

**itirana** *(okw)itirana* v.intr. *itiraine* to meet face to face, to encounter • *Nyitiraine n'onyibyala wange.* I met my mother-in-law face-to-face.

**itirigana** *(okw)itirigana* v.intr. *itirigaine* to lose control • *Owa boodabooda yaitirigaine epikipiki.* The bodaboda driver lost control.

# **itofaali** [see *itafaali*]

**itoigo** *(e)itoigo* n.5 rainy season which lasts from March to June, first planting season • *Ebiyaata tubibbooka kwa itoigo.* We grow sweet potatoes during the rainy season.

**itondo** *(e)itondo* n.5/6 drop, spot, blotch • *Ndoowo wade eitondo lya maizi ereero.* There is not a single drop of water today.

**itooke** *(e)itooke* n.5/6 banana • *Banayuganda bataka muno okulya amatooke.* Ugandans really love eating matoke.

**itubba** *(e)itubba* n.5/6 (a) wooden plate • *Amatubba gabuure ebiro bini.* Wooden plates are rare these days. (b) boat-shaped vessel used for making local brew • *Naabya eitubba.* Wash the vessel used for making the local brew.

**itugunda** *(e)itugunda* n.5/6 *Vangueria apiculata* (shrub or small tree with edible fruit) • *Eitugunda kika kya kibala kya mu kisiko ekita ensigo egigumu. Vangueria apiculate* is a type of wild fruit with a very hard seed.

**ituka** *(okw)ituka* v.intr. *itukire* to recur, to reappear, to happen repeatedly • *Obulwaire bwa musaiza oyo bwituka buli luvanyuma lwa kwezi.* That man's illness recurs every month.

**itukirya** *(okw)itukirya* v.tr. *itukiirye* to reopen (an investigation, inquiry, case), to revisit, to repeat, to revive • *Epoliisi etukirye omusango.* The police have reopened the investigation. **itula**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)itula* v.tr. *itwire* (a) to reopen (an investigation, inquiry, case), to revisit, to repeat, to revive • *Nabbaire mmaite nti omusango gwaweire, yagwitwire buyaaka.* I thought the case was closed, but he reopened it. (b) to exacerbate, to aggravate, to make worse • *Omwojo yaitwire obulwaire bwa maamwe.* The young man aggravated his mother's sickness.

**itula**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)itula* v.tr. *itwire* to beat patterns (into bark cloth with a finely grooved mallet as the last step in making bark cloth) • *Itula olubugo olwo lugonde.* Beat patterns into bark cloth with a finely grooved mallet.

**itula**<sup>3</sup> *(e)itula* n.5 type of mallet with small curves • *Nkolesya itula okwitu-* *la.* I use a mallet with small curves to soften the bark cloth.

**itulukuka** *(okw)itulukuka* v.intr. *itulukukire* (a) (of water) to flow from (a container), to run out, to trickle down, to drip • *Amaizi gakwitulukuka okuzwa omu kidomola.* Water is running out of the jerry can. (b) (of tears) to flow (c) (of hair) to fall down (d) (of ghee, butter) to become clear • *Amagita gaitulukukire kusai muno.* The ghee has completely separated from the milk solids.

**itulula** *(okw)itulula* v.tr. *itulwire* to decant, to transfer, to tip, to pour into, to pour out, to drain out, to strain • *Akwitulula amaizi omu konteyina egindi.* She is decanting the water into another container.

**ituma** *(e)ituma* n.5 meanness, nastiness, unkindness • *Abantu beeyo bata n'eituma.* People from that area are bad-hearted.

**itumbi** *(e)itumbi* n.5 midnight • *Yatandikire okutanaka mu itumbi.* He started vomiting at midnight.

**itundi** *(e)itundi* n.5 high demand • *Atibuni amaido gali ku itundi.* These days groundnuts are in high demand.

**itundiro** *(e)itundiro rya matufat* n.5/6 petrol station, fuel station, gas station, filling station • *Eitundiro ly'amafuta likwaite omuuro.* The petrol station has caught fire.

**itundubaali** *(e)itundubaali* n.5/6 tarpaulin, tarp • *Atuguliire eitundubaali erya kuleja amaizi.* He bought

us a tarpaulin for tapping water.

**itunduro** [see *isumu*]

**itungo** *(e)itungo* n.5 (a) riches, wealth • *Omwojo akanyirye eitungo.* That boy has accumulated a lot of wealth. (b) domestic animal (cattle, sheep or goats) • *Omusaiza alina eitungo lya bisolo.* That man has many domestic animals.

**itwale** *(e)itwale* n.5/6 (a) administrative unit in the Islamic faith at parish level • *Sheikh Musa niye akuura eitwale lya Bukomansimbi.* Sheikh Musa is the one who leads the parish administrative unit for Muslims in Bukomansibi. (b) constituency • *Omu Kayunga mulimu amatwale asatu.* There are three constituencies in Kayunga. (c) colony, dependency, protectorate • *Kenya lyali itwale lya Bungereza.* Kenya was a British colony.

**iwa** *(e)iwa* n.5/6 thorn, prickle, spike • *Amawa gansumitire nga nkuzwa omu ndumiro.* I was pricked by thorns on my way back from the garden.

**iwako** *(e)iwako* n.5/6 pregnancy (of an animal), conception • *Ombuli oyo alina eiwako timukusobola kumubaaga.* That goat is pregnant, you cannot have it slaughtered.

**iwandiikiro** *(e)iwandiikiro* n.5/6 secretariat • *Eiwandiikiro erikulu erya NRM liri ku nzira ya Kyadondo.* The NRM secretariat is along the Kyadondo road.

**iwanika** *(e)iwanika* n.5/6 (a) trea-

sury • *Omu iwanika lya Isabaruuli mulimu empiiya zingi.* There is a lot of money in the Isabaruuli's treasury. (b) mortuary, morgue • *Emirambo egiri omu iwanika gikujunda.* The bodies in the mortuary are rotting.

**iwesero** *(e)iwesero* n.5/6 metal fabrication workshop, blacksmith's workshop or plant • *Omu iwesero lya Mukalazi mulimu enyige eza byoma zingi.* There is a number of metal doors in Mukalazi's metal fabrication workshop.

**iwolu** *(e)iwolu* n.5/6 leftovers • *Mpeerya oku iwolu ndyeku.* Give me the leftovers and I'll eat some.

**iwondo** *(e)iwondo* n.5/6 coconutlike wild fruit • *Enkembo zitaka muno okulya amawondo.* Monkeys are fond of eating coconut-like wild fruit.

**iwoobeesi** *(e)iwoobeesi* n.5/6 hook • *Amawobeesi gatega ncwi.* Hooks are used to catch fish.

**iwoole** *(e)iwoole* n.5 stubbornness, obstinacy • *Eiwoole lyamwe lyamulugiireku okufeerwa omulumu.* His stubbornness cost him his job.

**iwooryo** *(e)iwooryo* n.5/6 court of justice • *Yalegere omusango omu iwooryo.* He reported the case at the court of law.

**iwowoolo** *(e)iwowoolo* n.5/6 lung (of an animal) • *Ntaka muno okulya amawoowoolo.* I like eating animal lungs.

**iwula**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)iwula* v.tr. *iwiire* to dig out, to scoop out, to excavate • *Yiwula eitakali okuzwa omu kiina tubumbe ebbulooka.* Dig out the soil so that we can lay bricks.

**iwula**<sup>2</sup> [see *ibura*]

**iwuli** *(e)iwuli* n.5/6 (a) egg • *Onkoko anagire amawuli gaingi.* The hen laid many eggs. (b) **iwuli liziriirwa** unhatched egg • *Eiwuli eriziriirwa lyatikire.* The unhatched egg cracked.

**iwuwe** *(e)iwuwe* n.5/6 lung (of a human being)• *Omuntu abba n'amawuwe abiri.* A human being has two lungs.

**iya**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)iya* v.tr. *iyire* (a) to get, to obtain, to acquire • *OKaweesi empiiya aziiya mu kutega binage.* Kaweesi gets money from fishing tilapia. (b) to take away, to remove • *Iyawo ekidomola kini okitwale omu nyumba.* Take away this jerry can and take it into the house. (c) to uproot, to root out • *Naani eyayiire endokwai zange okuzwa mu bbeedi?* Who uprooted my trees? (d) to harvest (by uprooting, e.g. groundnut, mushroom) • *Baabire kwiya maido.* They have gone to harvest groundnuts. (e) (in agriculture) to thin out, to trim • *Ayabire kwiya pamba.* He has gone to thin out the cotton plants. (f) to set free, to release • *Omubbwe bamwiyire omu nkomyo.* The prisoner has been released from prison.

**iya**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)iya* v.tr. *iyire* to toddle, to take the first step to walk • *Omwana atandikire okwiya amagulu.* The

baby has taken its first steps.

**iya**<sup>3</sup> *(e)iya* n.5/6 shelf • *Amaduuka gabbaamu amaya.* Shops have shelves.

**iya**<sup>4</sup> *(e)iya* n.5/6 axe • *Eiya lya mubaizi lyabuure.* The carpenter's axe is lost.

**iyai** interj. goodness (expression of surprise) • *Iyai! Omwana anyirukireku.* Goodness! The child has run away.

**iyaku** *(okw)iyaku* v.tr. *iyireku* (a) to take away, to take part of, to take off a piece • *Yayireku ebifi bisatu ebya nyama n'abigabira abaali omu bwetaavu.* She took away three pieces of meat and shared them with the needy. (b) to remove (e.g. a leader), to overthrow • *Baamwireku ewoofiisi yaamwe lwa bunyakuli.* He was removed from his office because of corruption.

**iyali** *(e)iyali* n.5 (a) envy • *Abantu abata n'eiyali tibalyaba mu iguru.* The envious will never go to heaven. (b) jealousy • *Oiba waamwe ata n'eiyali.* Her husband is jealous. (lit. Her husband has jealousy.)

**iyamu** *(okw)iyamu* v.tr. *iyiremu* to remove, to take off • *Iyamu enkaito zaamu leke oingire omuzigiti.* Remove your shoes and then enter the mosque.

**iyana** *(okw)iyana* v.intr. *iyanire* to make oneself look important • *Lwaki weeyiyana?* Why do you want to make yourself look important?

**iyanga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)iyanga* n.5/6 (a) indigenous group, ethnic group, race, tribe • *Uganda erina amanga gaingi.* Uganda has many different indigenous groups. (b) nation, country, state • *Eiyanga lya Kenya liiziremu akacambaituko.* The country of Kenya is unstable.

**iyangwe** *(e)iyangwe* n.5 noon, midday • *Lwaki otambwire omu iyangwe?* Why did you travel at noon? **iyano** *(e)iyano* n.5/6 (a) taboo, culturally or socially unacceptable act • *Eirai omukali okulya ondu yabbanga akoore iyano.* Long ago it was culturally inappropriate for a woman to eat a lungfish. (b) terrible event, catastrophe, tragedy • *Gabba maano oite wa mwana okumutweka enda.* It is a tragedy when a father impregnates his own daughter.

**iyawo** *(okw)iyawo* v.tr. *iyirewo* to remove, to take away, to put away • *Iyawo ebitabo byamu oku meeza.* Remove your books from the table.

**iye**<sup>1</sup> *(e)iye* n.5/6 army, regiment, armed force • *Eiye lya Uganda litendeke kusai.* Uganda's army is professionally trained.

**iye**<sup>2</sup> interj. yes (expresses agreement) • *Iye, njeena nkwiza kubbaayo.* Yes, I will also be there.

**iyembe**<sup>1</sup> *(e)iyembe* n.5/6 fetish, spirit associated with a fetish, spell, hex • *Abantu abamwe e Kayunga bata n'amembe.* Some people in Kayunga have fetishes.

**iyembe**<sup>2</sup> *(e)iyembe* n.5/6 horn • *Amembe ga nte wange gasongoli.* My

cow's horns are straight.

**iyengo** *(e)iyengo* n.5/6 (a) wave • *Eiyengo likubbire akaato ni kaatika.* The wave hit the canoe and it broke. (b) air wave • *Amaraka ga ladiyo gakala mu mayengo.* Radio sounds are transmitted through air waves.

**iyerya** *(e)iyerya* n.5/6 harvest, harvesting season • *Tuli mu iyerya lya mere.* We are in the harvesting season.

**iyimbe** [see *yimbe*]

**iyooro** *(e)iyooro* n.5/6 hardcore stone • *Balondere amayooro okuzwa omu kirombe.* They picked hardcore stones from the stone quarry.

**iyorooro** *(e)iyorooro* n.5/6 nursery bed • *Ewaiswe waliyo eiyorooro lya micungwai.* There is a nursery bed of orange trees in our area.

**iyute** *(e)iyute* n.5/6 boil, pustule • *Alwaire eiyute oku itama.* He has a boil on his cheek.

**iyuuni** *(e)iyuuni* n.5/6 yam • *Amayuuni ge basumbire ereero tigayiire.* The yams they prepared today were not well cooked.

**iza** *(okw)iza* v.intr. *izire* (a) to come, to appear, to show up • *Aiza buli lwa Sande n'ankyara.* Every Sunday, she comes here and visits me. (b) will, shall (used to build remote habitual future) • *Ebikolwa byamwe ebya kisa bikwiza kwizukirwanga.* His acts of kindness will always be remembered.

**izaza** *(e)izaza* n.5/6 shrine • *Eizaza lya Bayinda liri ku Iruba lya Nakito-* *kolo.* The Bayinda's shrine is found at Nakitokolo.

**izimoora** *(e)izimoora* n.5/6 stretch mark • *Omukali oyo alina amazimoora oku nda.* That woman has stretch marks on her stomach.

**izo** *(e)izo* adv. (a) tomorrow, yesterday, day from now • *OJoy aliiza izo.* Joy will come tomorrow. (b) **izo mambya** day after tomorrow, day before yesterday, two days from today

• *Yaiza izo mambya.* He will come the day after tomorrow.

**izobone** *(e)izobone* n. colourfulness • *Embaga izobone ti lyangu kuteekateeka nga tolina sente.* A colour-

ful wedding is not easy to organise when you do not have money.

**izuba**<sup>1</sup> *(e)izuba* n.5/6 weed • *Eizuba liitire ebiduuma.* The weed was destroyed.

**izuba**<sup>2</sup> *(e)izuba* n.5/6 well • *Eizuba lyaiswe lyakaare olwa kyanda.* Our well has dried up because of the drought.

**izukira** *(okw)izukira* v.tr. *izukiire* to remember, to recall • *Okwizukira kye nakukobere?* Do you remember what I told you?

**izukirya** *(okw)izukirya* v.tr. *izukiirye* to remind, to make one think of, to cause one to remember • *Taayo eigani okwizukirya abaana abo okusoma.* Make sure that you remind those children to study.

**izukurya** *(okw)izukurya* v.intr. *izukurye* to become a grandparent, to have grandchildren • *Atandikire*

*okwizukurya.* He became a grandparent.

**izula** *(okw)izula* v.tr. *izwire* to be full with, to be filled with • *Jaaga eizwire amaizi.* The jug is full of water.

**izuli** (e.g. *kiizuli, giizuli*) adj. full • *Mpa ekikopo kiizuli.* Give me a full cup.

**izulya** *(okw)izulya* v.tr. *izwirye* (a) to fill, to make full, to charge • *Yaizwirye ejaaga amatai.* She filled the jug with milk. (b) to flood with, to overflow with, to become submerged with water • *OKampala aizulya amaizi omu biro bya ikendi.* Kam-

# **J**

**jaaga** *(e)jaaga* n.9/10 <from En.> jug, pitcher • *Ejaaga gye naboine yabbaire gyereere.* The jug that I saw was empty.

**jaamu** *(o)jaamu* n.1a <from En.> traffic jam • *E Kampala wabbaayo ojaamu mwingi.* There are always a lot of traffic jams in Kampala.

**jaanya** *(oku)jaanya* v.intr. *jaanyire* (a) to worsen, to get worse • *Omulwaire bamutwire buyindi nga embeera ejaanyire.* The patient's condition worsened, and he was flown to India. (b) to go septic, to become infected, to fester • *Ekyoya kijaanyire.* The wound became infected.

**jaaruuka** *(oku)jaaruka* v.intr. *jaarukire* to be diluted, to be thinned

pala floods during the rainy season.

**izwera** *(okw)izwera* v.tr. *izweire* (to lock with a security bar across the door • *Naani yaizwera olwige lwange?* Who locked my door with a security bar?

**izweri** *(e)izweri* adv. (a) day after tomorrow, day before yesterday, two days from today • *Abaana balyaba oku isomero izweri.* The children will go to school the day after tomorrow. (b) recently, not long ago, a short time ago • *Yaabire izweri.* He has left recently.

down • *Yongeramu amaizi omu biyimba bijaaruuke.* Add water to the beans to dilute them.)

**jaaruula** *(oku)jaaruula* v.tr. *jaarulwire* to dilute, to thin down • *Ajaaruulwire omukubi.* She diluted the sauce.

**jaata** *(oku)jaata* v.intr. *jaatire* (a) to be slippery, to be smooth • *Oikendi atoonyere mwingi olubuga nirujaata.* It rained heavily and the compound became slippery. (b) to slip, to slide, to glide

**jabbula** *(oku)jabbula* v.tr. *jabbwire* (a) to dig hurriedly by leaving some weeds in the ground • *Ajabbwirembe olubbimbi.* He just dug hurriedly. (b) to do in a hasty manner, to do in a

slapdash manner • *Omu rubazo lwange nkwaba kujabbulajabbulambe.* I will only make a quick summary of the key points in my speech.

**jagalala** *(oku)jagalala* v.intr. *jagalaire* <from Lug.> (a) (of hair) to be unkempt, to be messy, to stand up straight and stiff • *Eisoke limujagalaire oku mutwe.* The hair looks unkempt. (b) to be in uproar, to protest, to be in turmoil • *Abantu bajagalaire oluzwanyuma lwa kirango.* The crowd was in an uproar after the announcement.

**jaiga** *(oku)jaiga* v.tr. *jaigire* (a) to chew • *Kisai okujaiga emere n'egonda ng'okyali kugimira.* It's good to chew food so that it softens before you swallow it. (b) to talk over matters, to carry on a discussion with a view to reaching a decision

**jaketi** *(e)jaketi* n.9/10 <from En.> jacket, coat • *Okwa ikendi nzwala jaketi.* I wear a jacket during the rainy season.

**jalaja** *(e)jalaja* n.9/10 ferry station • *Ekidyeri kiikire oku jalaja.* The ferry has reached the ferry station.

**jaluki** (e.g. *mujaluki, bajaluki*) adj. joyous, cheerful, jolly • *Abbaire mwana mujaluki buli nkya.* She has always been a joyous child.

**jambiya** *(e)jambiya* n.9/10 <from Sw.> panga, machete, long-bladed dagger • *Ejambiya zange zibuure.* My machetes are missing.

**jambula** *(o)jambula* n.1a/10 java plum • *Abaana bataka okulya eja-* *mbula.* Children like eating java plums.

**jana** *(e)jana* n.9/10 holy sanctuary (for Moslems ), heaven • *Abakoli ba bisai balyaba omu jana.* Those who do good deeds will go to heaven.

**janaza** *(e)janaza* n.9/10 stretcher used by Moslems to carry the dead • *Orufa bamuta mu janaza nga bakwaba okumuliika.* They put the dead man on a stretcher to take him for burial.

**janga** *(oku)janga* v.intr. *jangire* to make merry, to have fun • *ODaudi n'oNabweze bakujanga.* David and Nabweze are having fun.

**janjaba** *(oku)janjaba* v.tr. *janjabire* to treat, to care (for the sick), to nurse, to attend • *Amaite okujanjaba abalwaire.* He knows how to care for the sick.

**jarajaita** *(oku)jarajaita* v.intr. *jarajaitire* (of a wound) to ooze (blood or pus) • *Bamusambire omu kirwaire ni kijarajaita omusaayi.* They kicked him in his wound and it oozed out blood.

**jaruka** *(oku)jaruka* v.intr. *jarukire* to be lively, to be cheerful • *Omwana akyali kujaruka, yabba mulwaire?* The child is not lively, is she sick?

**jaruki** (e.g. *mujaruki, bajaruki*) adj. confident, feeling confidence in oneself, self-assured • *Omwana oni mujaruki nkukakasa yakala yintaviyu.* This child is confident, I am sure she will pass the interview.

**jaruuka** *(oku)jaruuka* v.intr. *jaruu-*

*kire* to be well-fermented • *Amalwa gakyali kujaruuka.* The millet beer has not yet fermented well.

**jawuki** (e.g. *mujawuki, bajawuki*) adj. uncultured, ill-mannered, savage, uncivilised • *Oni omusaiza mujawuki akubba omukali waamwe buliizo.* That man is uncivilized: he beats his wife every day.

**jeba** *(oku)jeba* v.intr. *jebere* (a) to get drenched, to get soaked, to become soggy, to become mushy • *Oikendi amukubbire n'ajeba.* He has been drenched by rain. (b) to weaken due to illness • *Omwana ajebere lwa kibiribiri.* The child is weak due to malaria. (c) to lack consistency • *Omulimu gwa akoore gujebereire.* The job he has done lacks consistency.

**jeeja** *(oku)jeeja* v.intr./tr. *jeejerye* (a) to imitate, to mirror, to act like, to impersonate • *Toirangamu kujeeja bantu bakulu, n'olikiiramu olikubbibwa.* Do not imitate your elders ever again, or else you will be beaten. (b) to tease, to make fun of, to lough at, to mock, to jeer at • *Bamujeejere muno obwibbi nabuzwaku.* They teased him so much that he gave up stealing.

**jeejeera** *(oku)jeejeera* v.tr. *jeejereire* to mock, to mimic scornfully, to ape • *Omwojo yabbaire agongeire n'ajeejeera oite waamwe.* The boy was upset and mocked his father scornfully. **jeeke** *(e)jeeke* n.9/10 <from En.> car jerk • *Ejeeke ya motoka eyendekere.*

The car jack has broken down.

**jeema** *(oku)jeema* v.tr. *jeemere* to disobey, to defy, to go against, to resist, to refuse • *Omwana okujeemera abakaire baamwe kibba kibbi.* It is very bad for a child to disobey his parents.

**jeemu** (e.g. *mujeemu, bajeemu*) adj. disobedient, insubordinate • *Tintaka baana bajeemu.* I hate disobedient children.

**jeemuka** *(oku)jeemuka* v.intr. *jeemukire* to surrender, to give up, to yield • *Omukali abbaire ajeemere ajeemukire.* The woman who had resisted has finally surrendered.

**jeemulukuka** *(oku)jeemulukuka* v.intr. *jeemulukukire* to surrender, to end a rebellion, to capitulate • *Abayeekera bajeemulukukire.* The rebels have ended the rebellion.

**jeeru** *(e)jeeru* n.9 white colour • *Ejeeru niye langi gye nsinga okutaka.* White is my favourite colour.

**jegeja** *(o)jegeja* n.1a/10 flat-headed borer • *Ojegeja afuukire kisiisa kya mutawaana edi emisaale.* Flatheaded borers have become a devastating pest for trees.

**jegejege** *(o)jegejege* n.1a/10 coin • *Baamwiriirye balansi wa jegejege.* The balance (UgE)/change he was given was in coins.

**jegenge** *(o)jegenge* n.1a (a) leader, highest in rank • *Ojegenge wa iyanga lini niye Museveni.* The leader of this nation is Museveni. (b) title of Isabanyala • *Ojegenge wa Bunyala niye*

*Rt. Maj. Backer Kimeze Mpagi.* The king of the Banyala is called Rt. Maj. Backer Kimeze Mpagi.

**jejeka** *(oku)jejeka* v.tr. *jejekere* to speak ill of, to put down, to badmouth • *OMusisi bamujejekereku ebigambo ebibbi.* They spoke ill of Musisi.

# **jejja** [see *jajja*]

**jenero**<sup>1</sup> *(e)jenero* n.9/10 <from English, archaic> (a) ginnery • *Ayabire oku jenero okusunsula pampa.* He has gone to the ginnery to gin cotton. (b) petrol station, fuel station, gas station, filling station • *Yaba oku jenero ofune amafuta.* Go to the petrol station and get paraffin.

**jenero**<sup>2</sup> *(o)jenero* n.1a/2 <from En.> five star general officer • *Ojenero yakwata ekifo kya kabiri mu bululu mu iye lya Amerika.* A five-star general is the second highest rank in the US Army.

**jenjebeka** *(oku)jenjebeka* v.intr. *jenjebekere* to sit where one is not supposed to sit • *Omusaiza yeejenjebekere omu kifo kya mugeni omukulu.* The man positioned himself in the guest of honour's seat.

**jenjeka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)jenjeka* v.tr. *jenjekere* (a) to tilt into a suitable position • *Omwana akujenjeka ekidomola kitagwa.* The child is tilting the jerry can into a suitable position so that it does not fall. (b) to tie loosely, to place loosely

**jenjeka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)jenjeka* v.intr. *jenjekere* to trudge along (walk slowly and

with heavy steps, typically because of exhaustion or harsh conditions), to trot • *Bajenjekere okwira eka nga tibabazirewo kigambo kyona.* They trudged home without a word being spoken.

**jereba** *(oku)jereba* v.intr. *jerebere* to be slippery, to be soft • *Olubuga lujerebere olwa oikendi atoonyere.* The courtyard has become slippery due to the rain.

**jerebera** *(oku)jerebera* v.intr. *jerebeire* to soften • *Epaapaali lini lijerebeire.* Why did the papaya become soft?

**jerega** *(oku)jerega* v.tr. *jeregere* to make fun of, to mock, to tease, to deride, to belittle • *Abaana bakujerega omuganda waabwe.* The children are making fun of their sibling.

**jigaija** *(oku)jigaija* v.tr. *jigaijirye* to give birth to a first born • *Njigaijirye mwojo.* I have given birth to my firstborn baby boy.

**jigija** *(o)jigija* n.1a/10 cow • *Aguure ojigija wa nte.* He bought a cow.

**jiini**<sup>1</sup> *(e)jiini* n.5/6 <from En.> evil spirit, demon • *Amajiini gagadya abantu.* Evil spirits disturb people.

**jiini**<sup>2</sup> *(e)jiini* n.9/10 <from En.> denim (type of fabric) • *Empale yaamwe ya jiini.* His trousers are made of denim.

**jimba** *(oku)jimba* v.tr. *jimbire* to arrest, to detain • *Omusaiza bamujimbire ni bamutwala oku poliisi.* The man was arrested and taken to the police station.

**jingajinga** *(oku)jingajinga* v.tr. *jingi-*

*rejingire* to forge, to fake, to tamper

• *Abasirikale bajingirejingire omukono gwa minisita.* The soldiers forged the minister's signature.

**jingiira** *(oku)jingiira* v.tr. *jingiriire* to forge, to fake, to tamper • *Ebiro bini abafere bajingiira emikono gya bantu.* These days, con men forge people's signatures.

**jirikooti** *(e)jirikooti* n.9/10 <from En.> rain coat • *Okwa njura nzwala jirikooti.* I wear a raincoat during the rainy season.

**jjajja** *(o)jjajja* n.1a <from Lug.> grandparent

**joboja** *(oku)joboja* v.intr. *jobojerye* to mumble, to speak unclearly, to speak unintelligibly • *Omwana oyo ajobojambe tarunguura bigambo.* That child just mumbles instead of speaking clearly.

**joko** *(e)joko* n.9/10 <from En.> yoke • *Onte bamubbweremu ejoko.* They put a yoke around the cow's neck.

**jokooni** *(e)jokooni* n.9/10 kitchen, room for cooking • *Nje nsumbira mu jokooni.* I cook in the kitchen.

**jolonga** [see *joronga*]

**jonjoba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)jonjoba* v.intr. *jonjobaire* (of weather) to turn grey, to get worse • *Obwire ka bujonjobaire muno!* The weather has turned very grey!

**jonjoba**<sup>2</sup> *(o)jonjoba* n.1a/2 frail person, weak person, fragile person, feeble person • *Omusaiza oyo jonjoba.* That man is frail.

**jonjobala** *(oku)jonjobala* v.intr. *jo-*

*njobaire* (a) to be soaked in water, to be wet • *Onkoko agwire omu maizi n'ajonjobala.* The chicken fell in the water and got wet. (b) (of weather) to be humid • *Obwire bujonjobaire.* It is humid. (lit. The weather is humid.).

**jooga** *(oku)jooga* v.tr. *joogere* to insult, to abuse, to offend, to slander, to show contempt for, to defy • *Omukali odi amaare ekiseera kinamulai nga akujooga oiba waamwe.* That woman has spent a long time insulting her husband.

**joogereza** *(oku)joogereza* v.tr. *joogereize* to treat with contempt, to treat without respect • *Ojoogereza muno abaira baamu.* You treat your colleagues with a lot of contempt.

**jooja** *(oku)jooja* v.tr. *joojerye* to disturb, to annoy, to bother, to upset • *Naani oyo akujooja abairaamwe?* Who is that disturbing his friends?

**joronga** *(oku)joronga* v.tr. *jorongere* <from Lug.> to disrespect, to show a lack of respect, to be contemptuous of, to treat contemptuously, to despise • *Omukali waamu omujorongere muno.* You treated your wife with a lot of contempt.

**jubirisya** *(oku)jubirisya* v.tr. *jubirisirye* to exaggerate, to overstate • *Alimu okatemba, ataka muno okujubirisya emboozi yaamwe.* She is dramatic, she likes to exaggerate her stories.

**juga** *(oku)juga* v.intr. *jugire* (of bull) to moo when sexually aroused • *Onte akujuga.* The bull is mooing.

**jugumira** *(oku)jugumira* v.intr. *jugumiire* to shiver, to shudder, to tremble • *Enjura emukubbire era atibuni okujugumira.* He was drenched by the rain and is now shivering.

**juguta** *(oku)juguta* v.tr. *jugutire* (a) to beat thoroughly, to give a good thrashing, to beat violently • *Nkwiza okukujuguta emiigo.* I will beat you thoroughly. (b) to fan (the flames), to blow (on a fire to keep it going) • *Juguta muno omuuro omu kyoto gukanye.* Fan the flames so that we get the fire burning.

**jugutiira** *(oku)jugutiira* v.tr. *jugutiriirye* to blackmail • *Bamujugutiriiryembe.* He was just blackmailed.

**jujunja** *(oku)jujunja* v.tr. *jujunjirye* to mistreat, to abuse, to ill treat, to molest • *Abaibbi bajujunjire muno abantu.* The thieves have mistreated people a lot.

**julaibba** *(o)julaibba* n.1a/2 tall and big person • *Ojulaibba wa mukali akubbire oibaamwe.* A big and tall woman has beaten her husband.

**juliira** *(oku)juliira* v.intr. *juliriire* to appeal, to petition, to make request, to plead • *OMusoke tamatiire n'ansala ya musango ajuliire.* Musoke has appealed to a higher court because he is not satisfied with the way the judgement was passed.

**julungutana** *(oku)julungutana* v.intr. *julungutaine* to be mixed up, to be in a mess, to be upside down • *Ebintu byona bijulungutaine.* Everything is upside down.

**julungutani** (e.g. *gijulungutani, gujulungatani*) adj. (a) dilute, thinned, watered down • *Ensande ampaire gijulungutani.* He gave me diluted juice. (b) lacking in substance

**julungutanya** *(oku)julungutanya* v.tr. *julungutainye* to dilute, to make thinner• *Ni wajulungutanya ensande ndoowo yaginywa.* No one will drink that juice if you dilute it.

**Juma** *Juma* n.9/10 (a) Friday • *Abasiraamu tibakola ku Juma.* Moslems do not work on Friday. (b) Friday prayers • *Abasiraamu bayabire ku muzikiti kusaala juma.* The Muslims have gone to the mosque for Friday prayers.

**jumba** *(oku)jumba* v.intr. *jumbire* to bloom, to blossom • *Emisaale gijumbire.* The trees have blossomed. **jumbira** *(oku)jumbira* v.tr. *jumbiire* to be enthusiastic about, to be eager about, to be zealous in, to take a great interest in, to be diligent in • *Oyo ajumbira muno emisomo gyamwe.* That one is enthusiastic about his studies.

**jumbuka** *(oku)jumbuka* v.tr. *jumbukire* (a) to put under cover, to hide (b) to put under warm ashes (e.g. food for later use) • *Ajumbukire omuwogo omu bunyota.* He has put cassava under warm ashes.

**jumbula** *(oku)jumbula* v.tr. *jumbwire* (a) to unhide, to uncover (b) to remove out of hot ash • *Nkwaba kujumbula muwogo wange mu kikoomi.* I am going to remove my cassava

from the bonfire.

**jumbutuka** *(oku)jumbutuka* v.intr. *jumbutukire* to rush out, to dash out, to burst out • *Ompiri yajumbutukire omu nyumba.* The snake rushed out of the house.

**jumbutula** *(oku)jumbutula* v.tr. *jumbutwire* to cause to rush out, to drive out, to chase away • *Epoliisi ejumbutwire abaibbi omu loogi.* The police chased thieves from the lodge.

**jumu** (e.g. *lijumu, bijumu*) adj. fertile • *Eitakali lini lijumu libalya ebicooli ebisai.* This land is fertile, it yields better maize.

**jumuka** *(oku)jumuka* v.intr. *jumukire* (of soil) to become fertile • *Eitakali lijumukire olwa bijumusa bye tubbaire tusukawo.* The soil has become fertile due to the fertilisers we have been adding.

**jumukya** *(oku)jumukya* v.tr. *jumukirye* to fertilise • *Jumukya eitakali lyamu n'ebisyodo bya nkoko.* Fertilise your soil using chicken droppings.

**juna** *(oku)juna* v.tr. *junire* to help, to assist, to aid, to support• *Juna omwana oyo ayemeere mulwaire.* Help that child to stand, she is sick.

**junaana** *(oku)junaana* v.tr. *junaine* to hold responsible, to accuse of, to blame, to charge with • *Mukumujunaana ki?* What are you accusing her of?

**junda** *(oku)junda* v.intr. *jundire* to rot, to decay, to spoil, to go bad, to decompose • *Ovakedo wange ajundi-* *re.* My avocado has gone bad.

**jundi** (e.g. *mujundi, bijundi, mujundi*) adj. rotten, decayed, spoiled, rancid • *Epaapaali lini lijundi.* This pawpaw is rotten.

**jungu** (e.g. *kijungu, bijunju*) adj. artificial, hybrid • *Ekyo ekiduuma ekijungu.* That maize is a hybrid.

**jungulukuka** *(oku)jungulukuka* v.intr. *jungulukukire* to be diluted, to be thinned • *Omwenge gujungulukukire ndoowo yagugula.* The millet beer has become diluted, no one will buy it.

**jungulula** *(oku)jungulula* v.tr. *jungulwire* to dilute, to thin • *Weena ojungulwire muno ensande.* You have diluted the banana juice too much.

**junguura** *(oku)junguura* v.tr. *junguire* to dilute excessively • *Otajunguura matai.* Do not dilute the milk excessively.

**jurujuuta** *(oku)jurujuuta* v.tr. *jurujuutire* to put out, to turn off, to put out (e.g. a light), to extinguish something burning • *Jurujuuta omuuro.* Turn off the fire.

**jurumuka** *(oku)jurumuka* v.intr. *jurumukire* (a) to tingle (of a body part), to prickle • *Naliire omuyembe ogubbisi amatama gakunjurumuka.* I ate an unripe mango, and my cheeks are tingling. (b) to tremble all over, to shiver, to have a creepy feeling (in a body part), to be frightened, to be startled, to be shocked, to experience revulsion • *Omubiri gunjurumukire nga mboine onjoka mu nyu-* *mba.* I trembled all over when I saw a snake in the house.

**jurunga** *(oku)jurunga* v.tr. *jurungire* to humiliate, to cause to lose face • *Lekerawo okujurunga abairaamu.* Stop humiliating your friends.

**juta** *(oku)juta* v.intr. *jutire* to grow fat, to get obese • *Onkeremba ajutire.* The baby has grown fat.

**juule** *(o)juule* n.1a <from Lug.> diluted brew • *Omwenge gwa juule tigubba gusai.* Diluted beer is not good.

**juumuka** *(oku)juumuka* v.tr. *juumukire* to overturn, to turn upside down, to turn over, to turn face down • *Juumuka ensuwa eyo ekale.* Turn the pot upside down so that it dries.

**juumula** *(oku)juumula* v.tr. *juumwire* to turn upright, to turn right side up, to orient • *Juumula engoma.* Turn the drum upright.

**juura** *(oku)juura* v.intr./tr. *juliire* (a) to testify, to give evidence, to bear witness • *Nyizire kujuura musaiza oyo kubba talina musango.* I have come to testify for this man because he is innocent. (b) to appeal • *Lwaki tojuura omu kooti egikulu?* Why don't you appeal to the high court? **juuru**<sup>1</sup> *(o)juuru* n.1a concentrated honey • *Ntaka muno okunuuna ojuuru wa bwoki.* I like licking concentrated honey.

**juuta**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)juuta* v.intr. *juutire* to throb, to pulsate rapidly or painfully, to cause pain in a series of regular

beats • *Ekizimba kikunjuuta bundi tinkusobola n'akubbasya.* The boil is throbbing with so much pain that I cannot sleep.

**jwa** *(oku)jwa* v.intr. *jwire* (a) to come out, to ooze out • *Amaizi gakujwa omu itakali.* Water is coming out of the ground. (b) **jwa (o)musaayi** to bleed • *Otakakula kirwaire kikwiza okujwa omusaayi.* You shouldn't scratch your wound, it will start bleeding. (c) **jwa (o)mujule** to have a nosebleed • *Omukaire akujwa omujule.* The woman has a nosebleed.

**jwawuka** *(oku)jwawuka* v.intr. *jwawukire* to become a devotee • *Abaganda baingi bajwawukire omu 1970s.* Many Baganda became devotees in 1970s.

**jwawuki** (e.g. *mujawuki, bajawuki*) adj. devout, pious, religious• *OMoses mujwawuki.* Moses is devout.

**jwaya** *(o)jwaya* n.1a/10 gazelle • *Ojwaya awooma muno omukubi.* Gazelle makes very good soup.

**jweka** *(oku)jweka* v.tr. *jwekere* (a) to adorn (a heir or a traditional leader in traditional garments) • *Omugwetwa bamujwekere ekifundukwa eky'obugwete.* The heir has been adorned in his official garment of inheritance. (b) to award (a degree), to crown • *Omwana wange bakumujwekere leero ediguli.* My daughter was awarded a degree today.

**jwenge** *(o)jwenge* n.1a/10 canoe • *Abaibbi batambuliire mu jwenge ne* *basala okwira oku kisamba ekindi.* The thieves used a canoe and crossed to another island.

**jweteka** *(oku)jweteka* v.tr. *jwetekere* to make up (stories or lies, often with a purpose to slander or to blackmail) • *Akujwetekambe ebigambo oku nyina waamwe.* He is just blackmailing his mother.

**jwi** (e.g. *mujwi, kijwi*) adj. (a) giant • *Abasaiza abajwi babba n'amaani.* Giant men are strong. (b) **kubba (a)majwi** to beg (lit. to beat the knees against the ground) • *Nkwaba kukubbira koiza wange majwi ansaasire.* I am going to beg my uncle for forgiveness.

**jwiga** *(oku)jwiga* v.intr. *jwigire* (a) to expand, to develop, to widen, to grow, to advance • *Bbizineesi yaamu ejwigire omu biro eby'akaire.* Your business has steadily expanded over the years. (b) to prostrate, to stoop, to bend down, to bend over, to bow in respect • *Jwiga Omukama waiswe.* Prostrate before our king please. (c) to be of good quality, to look smart, to be neat • *Tukwendya ebyanyegesya bijwige omu Buduuli.* We would like the education system to be of good quality in the Buruuli region.

**jwigisya***(oku)jwigisya* v.tr. *jwigisirye* (a) to extend, to expand, to spread out, to open • *Tukutaka kujwigisya byanyegesya edi abooro boonaboona.* We would like to extend free education to all the poor. (b) to develop, to improve, to reinforce, to widen • *Tujwigisye Obukama bwa Bunyala.* Let us develop the Bunyala Kingdom.

**jwima** *(oku)jwima* v.intr. *jwimire* to shriek, to scream, to moan (in pain), to groan • *Omberege ajwima nga bakwaba kumusala.* The pig screams when it is about to be slaughtered.

# **K**

**ka**<sup>1</sup> part. (a) let, allow (precedes verbs to express hortative and optative meanings) • *Ka tubone ekikwiraku.* Let's see what happens. (b) **Ka nyagwe Baganda.** May you be taken by the Baganda. (a curse, as traditionally the Baganda used to take the Banyala into forced labour, thus, whenever someone annoys you, you would curse this person to be taken by the Baganda into slavery.)

**ka**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ka* n.9/10 home, family • *Akwira eka ekiro kya leero.* He is coming home tonight.

**ka**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *muka, guka, mika*) adj. concentrated • *Omwenge guni guka.* This beer is concentrated.

**ka**<sup>4</sup> [see *nka*]

**ka**<sup>5</sup> interj. oh (used to express amusement) • *Ka mucamukire bundi ereero?* Oh, why are you so excited today?

**ka-**<sup>6</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 12 on verbs

**kaabba** *(e)kaabba* n.9 Kaabba (a building at the centre of Islam's most important mosque Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām in Mecca) • *Abasiraamu beeruguurya ekaabba.* Moslems go around the Kaabba.

**kaabuga** *(oku)kaabuga* v.tr. *kaabugire* (a) to slash unwanted natural vegetation slightly (as a way of clearing land for cultivation), to cut natural vegetation slightly • *Ayabire kukaabuga wa kuluma pamba.* He has gone to slash the garden where he will plant cotton. (b) to close with green reeds (the initial phases in the building process), to lay the foundations for, to begin (c) to make a draft, to draft

**kaabuyi** *(o)kaabuyi* n.1a/10 meat from the breast of a goat or ox • *Okateica alya kabuuyi.* A poor person eats meat from the breast of a goat or ox.

**kaabwe** [see *(-)abwe*]

**kaada** *(e)kaada* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) card, ID, credit card, bank card, certificate • *Bamuwaire ekaada egimyuki lwa kukubba ndobo.* He was given a red card for foul play. (b) **kaada ya bubyale** birth certificate • *Kikukataku okulanga ekaada yaamu eya bubyale okusobola okufuna endangamuntu.* It is a requirement to show

your birth certificate before you get a national ID. (c) **kaada ya kukomya** voter's card • *Ekaada yange eya kukomya njirekere eka.* I've left my voter's card at home.

**kaadi** [see *kaada*]

**kaafiyu** *(e)kaafiyu* n.9/10 <from En.> curfew • *Abapoliisi baakoore ekaafiyu obwire.* The police enforced a curfew at night.

**kaaka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kaaka* v.tr. *kaakire* to slap hard, to strike, to smack • *Yamukaakire oluyi.* He slapped him hard. **kaaka**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mukaaka, bakaaka, kikaaka*) adj. (a) (of a person) tall and fat • *OGalimaka yaali musaiza mukaaka.* Galimaka was a tall and fat man. (b) assertive • *Oitaamwe yaali musaiza mukaaka.* His father was a very assertive man.

**kaakalyangano** *(a)kaakalyangano* n.12 commotion, disturbance, uproar, disorder, confusion, chaos, mayhem, unrest • *Akaakalyangano kacaakire omu Kampala.* There is a lot of commotion in Kampala.

**kaakati** adv. now • *Kaakati tutandikire ani.* Now, let us begin here.

**kaaki** *(e)kaaki* n.9 <from En.> khaki fabric • *Engoye za kaaki zibba zizibu okwoza n'obba nga tolina kyoma kyoza.* Khaki clothes are difficult to wash if you don't have a washing machine.

# **kaakimwe** [see *kaakimwei*]

**kaakimwei** adv. thoroughly, at all, absolutely, totally, once and for all • *Yayabiire kaakimwei.* He left once

# and for all.

**kaakula** *(oku)kaakula* v.tr. *kaakwire* (a) to grab, to seize, to grasp, to snatch away, to take away • *Omwibbi ankakwireku ensawu yange n'airuka.* The thief grabbed my bag and ran away. (b) to clear (e.g. a path) • *Kaakula omuwanda omu kisiko abantu baakalewo.* Clear a path in the bush for people to pass.

**kaala akereera** *(a)kaala akereera* n.12 baby finger, pinkie • *Akaala akeerera niko kasingamu obudooli okubyala byonabyona.* The baby finger is the smallest of all the fingers.

**kaalaala** *(o)kaalaala* n.1a/10 *Bidens pilosa* • *Okaalaala awonya ebirwaire. Bidens pilosa* is used to treat burns.

**kaali** *(a)kaali* n.12 (a) crib, basketlike structure from papyrus which serves as a crib for babies (b) bed of a newborn and newborn's mother • *Akaali tikalina kubbasibwaku musaiza.* It is taboo for a man to sleep in the bed of a woman who has recently given birth.

**kaama** *(o)kaama* n.1a type of wild yam eaten during famine • *Okaama batera kumulya kwa nzala.* The wild yam is usually eaten during famine. **kaamu** [see *(-)amu*]

**kaamuje** *(o)kaamuje* n.1a/10 squirrel • *Okaamuje aliire amaido gaiswe goonagoona.* The squirrel has eaten all our groundnuts.

**kaamukuukulu** *(o)kaamukuukulu* n.1a/10 ringdove (*Streptopelia risoria*) • *Okaamukuukulu aboneka kusai.*

The ringdove looks nice.

**kaamusyekere** *(o)kaamusyekere* n.1a/10 type of insect which lives in water and burns one's skin if one comes into contact with it

**kaamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**kaana** *(a)kaana* n.12/14 (a) small child (b) chick • *Obwana bwa nkoko ni butafuna bbugumu erikumala bufa.* If chicks do not get enough warmth they die. (c) girl identified for marriage (lit. chick) • *Omwojo wange akuure bairaba mpeerya akaana ka nkoko.* My son is now a man, would you please give him your daughter in marriage?

**kaanywe** [see *nywe*]

**kaasa** *(o)kaasa* n.1a/10 white-strip headed calf • *Kaasa wange alwaire.* My white-striped headed calf is sick. **kaato** *(a)kaato* n.12/14 (a) canoe, boat • *Abamagye bakwata obwato bwe basanga oku nyanja.* The army men confiscate canoes they find on the lake. (b) feeder (for animals) • *Ente zikuliira mu kaato.* The cows eat from a feeder. (c) **kaato ka ingini** engine boat, motorboat • *Akaato ka ingini kakwandaaza enyanja.* An engine boat is patrolling the lake. (d) **kaato ka muuro** engine boat, motorboat

**kaatuuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kaatuuka* v.intr. *kaatuukire* (a) to go at random, to wander blindly, to wander aimlessly (b) to walk hurriedly • *Lwaki okukaatuuka muno?* Why are you walking so hurriedly? (c) to become unfriendly, to become hostile • *Omusaiza akaatuukire, muzwere.* The man has become unfriendly, get away from him.

**kaatuuka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kaatuuka* v.intr. *kaatuukire* (a) (of beer) to ferment excessively, to become sour, (of herbs, medicine) to go bad • *Omwenge gukaatuukire.* The beer was overfermented. (b) to become an old maid, to pass the marriageable age

**kaatuuki** (e.g. *mukaatuuki*) adj. (of beer) sour, old, (of local herbs) expired • *Omubazi guni gukaatuuki toguwa mwana.* This medicine has expired. Do not give it to the child.

**kaawa**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kaawa* n.1a <from Sw.> coffee • *Taaku okaawa oku matai.* Add coffee to the milk.

**Kaawa**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Kaawa* n.1a <from Hebrew> Eve • *OKaawa yaali mukali wa Adamu baikalanga mu lusuku Eden nga bakyali kusiisa wa Kanca.* Eve was Adam's wife, and both lived in Eden before they sinned against God.

**kaayana** *(oku)kaayana* v.intr. *kayaine* to argue, to fight, to quarrel, to protest, to dispute • *Abakali babbaire bakukaayana okuzwa mambya.* The women have been arguing since morning.

**kaayi** *(a)kaayi* n.12 banana leaf tied around a pot (Traditionally, the delegation visiting the in-laws for a marriage ceremony carries a pot of local brew with a banana leaf tied around it. It forms the basis of all the negotiations that are involved in this function.) • *Bbwa akaayi omu kitaabbu kya malwa twabe e bukoi.* Tie a banana leaf around a gourd of alcohol and let's go to the in-laws.

**kaba** *(oku)kaba* v.intr. *kabire* to faint, to become unconscious, to pass out, to lose consciousness • *Omwana yalwaire ekibiribiri n'akaba.* The child had malaria and fell unconscious.

**kabada** *(e)kabada* n.9/10 <from En.> cupboard • *Ebikopo biri mu kabada ti mu sefuliya.* The cups are kept in the cupboard, not in the saucepan.

**kabaju** *(a)kabaju* n.12/14 ladle (usually a piece of a broken calabash), scooping spoon • *Leeta akabaju tusene omukubi.* Bring the ladle and we will serve the sauce.

**kabaka** *(o)kabaka* n.1a/2 (a) king • *Okabaka wa Buganda akwiza e Kayunga.* The king of Buganda is coming to Kayunga. (b) title given to the king of Buganda Kingdom • *Omukama wa Buganda bamweta Kabaka.* Kabaka is the title given to the king of Buganda.

**kabala** *(oku)kabala* v.tr. *kabaire* to spade over, to dig out • *Kabala otooleyo lucwamba.* Dig out that couch grass.

**kabalagala** *(o)kabalagala* n.1a/14 <from Lug.> pancake (from ripe sweet bananas and cassava flour with some pepper) • *Obukabalagala bwa biri bini tibuwooma.* The pancakes baked these days are not tasty. **Kabalega** *(o)Kabalega* n.1a/2 Kabalega (a king of Bunyoro) • *OKabalega yaali muzira ya Bunyoro.* Kabalega was a hero of the Bunyoro Kingdom.

**Kabambaiguru** *(o)Kabambaiguru* n.1a (a) creator of heavens • *OKanca niye Kabambaiguru.* God is the creator of the heavens. (b) one of the titles of Bunyoro and Tooro kings • *Angiriza oKabambaiguru.* Long live the king of Bunyoro-Tooro.

**kabandole** *(e)kabandole* n.9/10 double-decker bus • *Abanyala bataka muno okutambuura omu kabandole.* The Banyala love to travel in double-decker buses.

**kabango** *(a)kabango* n.12 disobedience, misbehaviour • *Akabango kayinza okuleeta obuzubu.* Disobedience may lead to problems.

**kabba** *(e)kabba* n.9/10 yoke (of a shirt), the upper-back part (of a shirt) • *Esaati n'etabbaaku kabba ebba bbulawuzi.* If a shirt does not have a design on the yoke, then it is a blouse.

**kabbaani** *(a)kabbaani* n.12/14 incense • *Cuukiirya obubbaani omu nyumba.* Burn the incense in the house.

**kabbaara** *(a)kabbaara* n.12/14 parched land • *Akabbaara tikameraku kintu.* Parched land is not good for growing crops.

**kabbaasa** [see also *bbasa*] *(a)kabbaasa* n.12/14 <from Sw.> burial shroud (wrapped in an envelope-like style), burial sheets • *Orufa bamubbwa ka-* *bbaasa.* They wrapped the corpse in an envelope-like style.

**kabbango** *(a)kabbango* n.12/14 (a) hunch back • *Osaaliirwe toboine muntu wa kabbango.* You have missed seeing a person with a hunchback. (b) nickname given to someone with a hunchback • *OKabbango aizire.* Kabbango has come.

**kabbani**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kabbani* n.12 squeeze dance (dancing style where two people dance embracing each other) • *Bakubina kabbani.* They are dancing the squeeze dance.

**kabbani**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kabbani* n.12/14 protuberance, protruding stomach, bulging belly (e.g. of a pregnant woman) • *Omukali alina enda y'akabbani.* The pregnant woman has a belly which is growing upward.

**kabbarara** [see *kabbaara*]

**kabbebbeneerwa** *(a)kabbebbeneerwa* n.12/14 cartilage (of an animal), gristle • *Ntaka muno okulya akabbebbeneerwa.* I like eating animal cartilage.

**kabbebbenu** *(a)kabbebbenu* n.12/14 edge, boundary, fringe, margin • *Ayemereire ku kabbebbenu ka lyato.* He is standing on the edge of the boat.

**kabbebbenwa** [see *kabuuro*]

**kabbi** *(a)kabbi* n.12 danger, emergency, risk, crisis • *Nkusuubirayo akabbi omu nyumba.* I sense danger in the house.

**kabbibbiigano** *(a)kabbibbiigano* n.12 chaos, tumult, disorder, turmoil • *Akabbibbiigano ka kaingi omu nyu-* *mba!* There is a lot of chaos in the house!

**kabbiinikiryo** *(a)kabbiinikiryo* n.12/14 (a) cover, lid • *Ateireku akabbiinikiryo oku kiina.* He has put a cover on the hole. (b) knee cap • *Okujwi kubbaaku akabbiinikiryo.* The knee has a part called a knee cap.

**kabbonge** *(o)kabbonge* n.1a/10 small pinkish variety of groundnuts • *Ndwire okubona ebinyeebwa bya kabbonge.* It's been a long time since I saw the small pinkish variety of groundnut.

**kabbuli** *(e)kabbuli* n.9/10 grave of a Muslim • *Ekabbuli za basiraamu abaafiire mu nsingwa nizo zini.* These are the graves of the Muslims who died during the war.

**kabbuuru** *(a)kabbuuru* n.12/14 gang, group, band • *Oku kyalo kini kuliku akabbuuru ka baibbi.* There is a gang of thieves in this village.

**kabbwene** *(a)kabbwene* n.12/14 puppy • *Ampaire akabbwene nkakulisye.* He has given me a puppy to rear.

**kabbwi** *(a)kabbwi* n.12/14 bolt • *Akabbwi ka lwige lwange kazwireku.* The bolt of my door has fallen off.

**kabbwibbwi** *(a)kabbwibbwi* n.12 dawn, very early in the morning • *Yazindukire mu kabbwibbwi.* He left very early in the morning.

**kabbwikubbwiku** *(a)kabbwikubbwiku* n.12 dawn, very early morning • *Abo abakutaka okutega ebinage bakeerambe mu kabbwikubbwiku.* Those who want to fish tilapia have to get up at dawn.

**kabenje** *(a)kabenje* n.12/14 <from Lug.> accident, misfortune • *Omusaiza yafunire akabenje.* The man was involved in an accident.

**kabezo** *(a)kabezo* n.12/14 (a) scooping plate, banana leaf used as a plate for serving food • *Kwata akabezo omege emere.* Get a scooping plate and serve the food. (b) saucer, plate **kabineti** *(e)kabineti* n.9/10 <from En.> cabinet, office • *Opurezidenti ayeyere ekabineti yaamwe.* The president has swept his cabinet.

**kabiri** num. (a) second • *Yabbaire wa kabiri oku beegi kikumi.* He came second out of a hundred students. (b) twice, two times • *Abbaire ani kabiri.* He has been here twice. (c) **mwezi gwa kabiri** February

**kabiriiti** *(a)kabiriiti* n.12/14 <from Sw.> match (for starting a fire), matchstick • *Muweryeyo akabiriiti kamwei akume omuuro.* Give him a matchstick, and he will light the fire. **kabogo** *(o)kabogo* n.1a/10 dark-black goat • *Okabogo wange awakire.* My dark-black goat has conceived.

**kabogolole** *(a)kabogolole* n.12/14 big house, large building • *Enyumba kabogolole ti gyangu kwomboka.* It is not easy to construct a big house.

**kabona** *(o)kabona* n.1a/2 priest • *Bakabona abakatuliki basoma misa buli Sande.* Catholic priests lead masses in church every Sunday.

**kabonero** *(a)kabonero* n.12/14 (a)

sign, signal • *OYesu alitaaku akabonero oku baana baamwe.* Jesus will send a sign to his people. (b) symbol • *Ako akabonero kamanyisya kubbaawo kwa irwaro.* That symbol signifies the presence of a hospital. (c) score, mark • *Afunire obubonero bwingi.* He got high scores. (d) symptom • *Okutanaka oluusi kabba kabonero ka namunywa.* Vomiting is sometimes a symptom of HIV/AIDS.

**kabugo ka mwana** *(a)kabugo ka mwana* n.12/14 baby sling • *Mumpeerye akabugo ka mwana.* Give her the baby sling for me please.

**kabugu** *(a)kabugu* n.12/14 type of shrub used to baskets for fish • *Akabugu tukabbwesya kibagalo.* We use the kabugu shrub to tie the basket for fish.

**kabuki** (e.g. *mukabuki, bakabuki*) adj. (of a person) creative • *Omukali wange mukali mukabuki.* My wife is a creative woman.

**kabukikabuki** (e.g. *mukabulikabuli, bakabulikabuli*) adj. sharp, keen, acute, quick-witted, clever, intelligent • *Omukali wange mukabukikabuki.* My wife is clever.

**Kabula** *(o)Kabula* n.1a Kabula (one of the counties that make Buganda kingdom) • *Kabula limwei oku masaza ga Buganda.* Kabula is one of Buganda's counties.

**kabuliiro** [see *kabuuro*]

**kabunda** *(a)kabunda* n.12/14 belly • *Bamucupwire omugere oku kabunda.* He was kicked in the belly.

**kaburabuzo** adv. wrongly, incorrectly (e.g. of fastening with buttons) • *Amapeesa ga saati agabbwere kaburabuzo.* He buttoned his shirt wrongly.

**kabuulya** *(a)kabuulya* n.12 question mark • *Taaku akabuulya ku kibuulyo.* Put a question mark at the end of the question.

**kabuuro** *(a)kabuuro* n.12 long period of absence • *Akabuuro kabbaire kamaani okuzwa omaawo ni yafiire.* It has been a long period of absence since your mother passed away.

**kabuuti** *(e)kabuuti* n.9/10 <from En.> coat, winter coat • *Ekabuuti teyakalamu maizi.* This coat is water resistant.

**kabwibwi** *(o)kabwibwi* n.1a/10 fruit fly • *Obubwibwi butaka muno amenju.* Fruit flies like yellow bananas a lot.

**kabwire** adv. at dawn • *Naiza kabwire.* I will come at dawn.

**kacai** *(a)kacai* n.12 bad manners, insolence, rudeness, bad manners • *Akacai muze gubbi.* Insolence is a bad habit.

**kacence** *(a)kacence* n.12/14 (a) loin cloth (worn by unmarried girls) • *Omwala yeebbwere akacence.* The girl is wearing a loincloth. (b) raffia skirt, grass skirt • *Muleete obucence twebbuwe tubine.* Bring the raffia skirts, we will put them on and dance.

**kaculyai** *(o)kaculyai* n.1a/10 (c) black bulbul (*Hypsipetes leucocepha-*

*lus*) • *Okaculyai amaarewo okalali wange.* The black bulbul has eaten all my red pepper.

**kacungwa** [see *kacungwai*]

**kacungwai** *(a)kacungwai* n.12 orange colour • *Nyendya muno erangi ya kacungwai.* I like the orange colour a lot.

**kacuucu** adv. very speedily, quickly • *Avugire egaali kacuucu.* He rode the bicycle very fast.

**kacuucuuke** *(o)kacuucuuke* n.1a skin rash • *Alwaire okacuucuuke.* He is suffering from a skin rash.

**kacuudi**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kacuudi* n.12/14 drill • *Nyazika akajuudi kaamu.* Lend me your drill.

**kacuudi**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kacuudi* n.12/14 coccyx • *Ngwire akacuudi ni kanduma.* I have fallen and my coccyx hurts.

**kacuuli** *(a)kacuuli* n.12/14 sandpaper • *Kolesya akacuuli onsayiriirye eryato lyange.* Use the sandpaper to smooth my boat for me.

**kacuumuuko** *(a)kacuumuuko* n.12 good smell, aroma • *Baitu akacuumuuko ako kaligire ayi?* Where is the good smell coming from?

**kacwano** *(a)kacwano* n.12/14 trouble, problem, difficulty • *Otatuleetera kacwano.* Do not cause us trouble.

**kacwante** *(o)kacwante* n.1a/2 beloved person • *Okacwante waamwe afiire.* His beloved one is dead. **kada ka rubango** *(a)kada ka rubango* n.12 blood relative of the same father • *Tuli kada ka rubango.* We are relatives of the same father. (a) blood

relatives of the same mother • *Tuli kada ka nairunda.* We are blood relatives of the same mother. (b) solidarity, unity, harmony • *Ka tukuume akada ka nairunda okwika oku nkango.* Let us keep this solidarity till the end.

**kadaali**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kadaali* n.12 bridal crown, bridal head cover • *Omugole azwaire kadaali.* The bride is wearing a bridal crown.

**kadaali**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kadaali* n.1a/10 *Asparagus africanus* (climbing asparagus fern, a climbing plant with thorny main stems) • *Okadaali kandobere.* The thorn of *Asparagus africanus* pricked me.

**kadaidai** adv. thoroughly, properly • *Yanzala ebiyimba ebyo kadaidai.* Spread those beans thoroughly.

**kadaikadai** adv. without rest • *Eizo twakoore kadaikadai.* Yesterday we worked without rest.

**kadakadani** (e.g. *mukadakadani, bakadakadani*) adj. innovative, creative (of a person) • *OSamali mukali mukadakadani.* Samali is an innovative lady.

**kadalidali** *(a)kadalidali* n.12 tinea pedis, athlete's foot • *Akadalidali kakunduma.* I am suffering from athlete's foot.

**kadambala** *(oku)kadambala* v.intr. *kadambaire* (of skin) to stiffen, to harden, to grow hard, to become stiff • *Ekyanzo kikadambulire bundi.* The skin has stiffened so much.

**kadambali** (e.g. *kikadambali, lukada-*

*mbali, gikadambali*) adj. stiff, hard, inflexible • *Twala ekyanzo ekikadambali ekyo ewa omukoli wa nkaito akigondye.* Take that stiff skin to the shoemaker for softening.

**kadangido** [see also *kadonkiiro*] *(a)kadangido* n.12/14 Adam's apple • *Yalwaire kookolo wa kadangido.* He is suffering from cancer of the Adam's apple.

**kadanikadani** (e.g. *mukadanikadani, bakadanikakadani*) adj. very active • *Oyo ni musaiza mukadanikadani.* This man is very active.

**kade** *(e)kade* n.9/10 gomesi worn for manual labour • *Omukali wange mmuguliire ekade.* I have bought my wife a gomesi to use for manual labour.

**kadebede**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kadebede* n.12 (a) marshland • *Ente nkuzitwala mu kadebede.* I am taking the cows to the marshland. (b) river bank • *Akadebede bakalumireku ebiyaata.* They have grown sweet potatoes on the riverbank.

**kadebede**<sup>2</sup> adv. full to the brim, stuffed • *Ensawo agiizwirye kadebede.* He stuffed the bag full.

**kadeebeedo** *(a)kadeebeedo* n.12/14 hessian square • *Amaido n'agatwala mu kadeebeedo.* I will take the groundnuts using a hessian square.

**kadeeya** *(a)kadeeya* n.12/14 hessian square • *Obudeeya tibukyaboneka muni.* Hessian squares are scarce here.

**kadenge** *(e)kadenge* n.9/10 pa-

trolling vehicle • *Kadenge za poliisi nizo zikwiza.* The police patrolling vehicles are coming.

**kadi** [see *(-)di*]

**kadiisi** *(a)kadiisi* n.12/14 local pot for drinking beer • *Tunywera amalwa omu kadiisi.* We drink local beer from a kadiisi pot.

**kadodi** *(a)kadodi* n.12/14 type of drum beat usually played by the Bagisu • *Abagisu bakubba akadodi oku mukolo ogwa kusala embalu.* The Bagisu play the "akadodi" during the circumcision ceremony.

**kadoma** *(o)kadoma* n.1a stingless wild bee • *Abaana bataka muno okwakula ojuulu wa kadoma.* The children love harvesting honey of stingless wild bees.

**kadonkiiro** [see also *kadangido*] *(a)kadonkiiro* n.12/14 Adam's apple • *Amaizi gamwabire omu kadonkiiro.* The water has choked him in the Adam's apple.

**kadooli** adv. nearly, almost • *Omwojo oyo yalwaire kadooli afe.* The boy fell sick and nearly died.

**kadoyi** *(o)kadoyi* n.1a/2 expert, professional • *Tulina abakadoyi ba ndumi badooli omu Uganda.* We have few language experts in Uganda.

**kaduli** *(a)kaduli* n.12/14 (a) larva (of a flea, jiggers) • *Abanjunzai bataiza ani bayinza okutunagira obuduli bwa njunzai.* Those with jiggers should not come here because they may leave jigger larva here. (b) marijuana seed • *Yateire obuduli omu bu-* *sera buli omu n'atamiira.* He put marijuana seeds in the millet porridge, and everyone got intoxicated. **kafansoni** *(a)kafansoni* n.12 selfrespect, dignity, pride, self-esteem • *Weena bbaamu akafansoni.* Have some self-respect.

**kafeeko** *(a)kafeeko* n.12/14 baby bump (a protrusion of a pregnant woman's abdomen especially when it first becomes noticeable to other people) • *Bona omukali alina akafeeko.* I saw a woman with a baby bump.

**kafiifi** *(o)kafiifi* n.1a waste material from cotton, sub-standard • *Okafiifi mumunageyo.* Throw away the substandard cotton.

**kafo** *(a)kafo* n.12 place, plot

**kafookero** *(a)kafookero* n.12/14 respiratory tract infections in babies caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

# **kafubba** [see *kasubba*]

**kaga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kaga* v.intr. *kagire* (a) to go for a walk, to stroll, to promenade • *Iza tukageku.* Come, let's go for a walk. (b) to walk elegantly • *Aizire akukaga.* He came walking elegantly.

**kaga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kaga* v.tr. *kagire* to detect, to discover, to identify, to notice

• *Mbwene akaga olusu lwa mwibbi.* The dog detects the thief's smell.

**kagaaga** *(a)kagaaga* n.12/14 bracelet • *Ka nzwaleku akagaaga kaamu.* Let me wear your bracelet for a while. **kagabo** *(o)kagabo* n.1a/10 calf with red or black and white patches• *Okagabo wange alwairwe.* My calf with red and white patches is sick.

**kagada** *(a)kagada* n.12 (a) (of woman) sexual desire disorder • *Omukali wa kagada takerwa.* A woman with a sexual desire disorder does not get sexually satisfied. (b) person who takes long to ejaculate • *Tikisai sumbirwa musaiza kagada.* It is not good to marry a man who takes a long time to ejaculate.

**kagando** *(a)kagando* n.12/14 white thorn acacia (*Acacia hockii*, thorny bush with yellow flowers, its leaves are used for making a red dye)

**kagembegembe** *(a)kagembegembe* n.12/14 scapula bone, shoulder blade

• *Bamucupwire n'ayendeka akagembegembe.* He was beaten and broke his scapula bone.

**kagembi** *(a)kagembi* n.12/14 razor blade • *Yaba ondeetere akagembi.* Go and bring me a razor blade.

**kagendaigana** *(a)kagendaigana* n.12/14 mongoose • *Obugendaigana bugabaine ompiri.* The mongooses have shared a snake.

**kagina** *(a)kagina* n.12/14 larva of a jigger, nit, egg of a louse • *Onjunzai anagire obugina.* The jigger produced larvae.

**kagingo** adj. giant, big, huge • *Okagingo wa musaiza ngoyo akwiza.* A giant man is coming. (a) type of god, spirit • *Abanyala balamya oKagingo.* The Banyala worship a spirit called Kagingo. (b) God • *OKagingo atuwai-* *re oikendi.* God has blessed us with rain.

# **kagiransoni** *(a)kagiransoni* n.12/14 *Biophytum petersianum*

**kagoba** *(a)kagoba* n.12/14 win (e.g. in sport), victory, triumph • *Yaakawangula obugoba butaanu.* He has five wins.

**kagobeiswa** *(o)kagobeiswa* n.1a/10 cowpea (*Vigna unguiculata*) • *Okagobeiswa akalosebwa okutamba ebirwaire mu minwa gya baana. Vigna unguiculata* is used to cure oral sores in infants.

**Kagole** *(o)Kagole* n.1a type of god, spirit (the messenger god for Nabuzaana) • *OKagole akoora nk'omukwenda wa Nabuzaana.* Kagole works as a messenger to Nabuzaana. **kagoma** *(o)kagoma* n.1a/10 eagle • *Okagoma aita enkudu.* The eagle kills tortoises.

**kagondo** *(o)kagondo* n.1a/10 calf with spotted skin • *Yaguure onte okagondo.* He bought a calf with spotted skin.

**kagongo** *(a)kagongo* n.12/14 widthwise direction, direction parallel with a thing's width • *Ekidomola kyetikire ku kagongo.* Carry the jerry can widthwise.

**kagoobe** *(o)kagoobe* n.1a/10 brown and black-striped calf • *Nkutoorya kagoobe.* I am looking for a brown and black-striped calf.

**kagoro** *(o)kagoro* n.1a (a) lightening, thunder • *Okagoro yakubbire ente zaiswe zoonazoona n'ezifa.* The lightning struck all our cows dead. (b) name given to a boy born after a lightening struck his family • *OKagoro ngoyo akwiza.* Kagoro is coming. (c) one of the gods among the Banyala/Baruuli • *OKagoro ata mbandwa wa Baduuli.* Kagoro is a god of the Baruuli.

**kaguli**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kaguli* n.12 roof apex • *Akaguli ka nyumba yange tikagumire.* The apex of my house is not strong.

**kaguli**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kaguli* n.12/14 dock (enclosure in a criminal court where a defendant is placed), small cage, ring (for boxing) • *Yakungiire omu kaguli.* He cried in the dock.

**kagulu** *(o)kagulu* n.1a/2 loose woman • *Ti kisai kubbandula kagulu.* It is not good to marry a loose woman.

**kagumba** *(a)kagumba* n.12 grudge, bitterness • *Omwojo ata n'akagumba oku mwoyo.* That boy has a grudge. **kagungu** *(a)kagungu* n.12 smell of a

he-goat • *Omusaiza oyo awunya akagungu.* That man smells like a hegoat.

**kagunguuli** *(a)kagunguuli* n.12/14 steep slope • *Akasozi kadi kaliku akagunguuli.* That hill has a steep slope. **kaguuli** *(a)kaguuli* n.12/14 hill • *Abantu bafeera oku kaguuli kani.* People die on this hill.

**kagweigwei** *(a)kagweigwei* n.12/14 sisal thread • *Akabberege nkabwere n'akagweigwei.* I tied the piglet with a sisal thread.

**kaiga** <Ruruuli> *(o)kaiga* n.1a bonfire, fire made by children to roast potatoes

**kaigaire** *(a)kaigaire* n.12/14 vaginismus (painful contraction of the vagina in response to sexual intercourse) • *Abakali abakaigaire tibasola kubba na basaiza.* Women who suffer from vaginismus cannot have sex.

**kaigo** *(a)kaigo* n.12 stick, cane

**kaigoigo** *(a)kaigoigo* n.12 (a) blind man's buff (a children's game where one person is blindfolded and chases other participants), children's game, in which if a player is found without a stick, he is beaten until he obtains one • *Abaana banyumirwa okuzeenya akaigoigo.* The children like to play blind man's buff. (b) sadist, person who enjoys beating others • *Omusomesa kaigoigo akubba abaana.* The sadistic teacher beats his pupil.

**kaiguru** *(a)kaiguru* n.12 thunder • *Owuliire akaiguru?* Did you hear the thunder?

**kaigurwiguru**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kaigurwiguru* n.12 (a) small dark cloud which signals a storm with wind or hail • *Akaigurwiguru ni kakwaite ni manya nti oikendi omubbi akwaba kutoonya.* When a I saw a small dark cloud, I knew that the rain would not be good. (b) form of swearing (lit. 'by the powers in heaven') • *Ndayira okaigurwiguru.* I swear by the powers in heaven.

**Kaijanazo** *(o)Kaijanazo* n.1a name

given to a child born during a period of hardship • *OKaijanazo anyetere.* Kaijanazo has become a young adult.

**kaire**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kaire* n.12 (a) time • *Akaire kali ampi okwika akakwaba.* It is almost time to go. (b) opportunity, chance • *Mpeerya akaire tusimoolemu.* Give me an opportunity and let's talk a bit please.

**kaire**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mukaire, kikaire, kakaire*) adj. (a) old • *Emotoka yaamwe gikaire.* His car is old. (b) elderly, aged • *Omukali omukaire tasaana kukola muno.* It is not good for an elderly woman to work a lot.

**kairika** *(oku)kairika* v.intr. *kairikire* to grow old, to depreciate, to break down • *Olugoye lwange lukairikire.* My clothing has got old.

**kairiki** (e.g. *mukairiki, bakairiki, lukairiki*) adj. old, aged • *Ombwene waamwe mukairiki.* His dog is old.

**kairikya** *(oku)kairikya* v.tr. *kairikirye* (of harsh conditions) to make one look old • *Obuseege bwona bukairikya omuntu.* Poverty also makes one look old.

**kairiza** *(a)kairiza* n.12/14 pubic hair • *Akoojo kange kameere obwiriza.* My son has grown pubic hair.

**kaisabasabai** *(a)kaisabasabai* n.1a *Musa × paradisiaca* banana (the hybrid between *Musa acuminata* and *Musa balbisiana*)

**kaisabisabi** *(o)kaisabasabai* n.1a *Asparagus africanus*

**kaisi** interj. by the way • *Kaisi nii-*

kaisi

*we naani?* By the way, what is your name?

**kaisite** conj. yet, despite that, in spite of that, for all that, all the same • *Nayaba okumuswagana kaisite nga mulekere eka.* I went to look for him, but I had left him at home.

**kaiswe** [see *(-)aiswe*]

**kaita** num. billion • *Atungire akaita ka mpiiya.* He has a billion shillings. (a) millet (grain) • *Akaita kamera kwa ikendi.* Millet grows during the rainy season. (b) millet meal, millet paste • *Omugeni mumyenere kaita.* Make millet meal for the visitor.

**kaitabagole** *(a)kaitabagole* n.12/14 elbow • *Yamukoneserye kaitabagole.* He knocked him with an elbow.

**kaitaigana** *(a)kaitaigana* n.12/14 bird trap • *Akaitaigana kaita enkowu buliizo.* The bird trap kills a guinea fowl every day.

**kaizolyanzogi** *(e)kaizolyanzogi* n.5 *Dracaena steudneri* (northern largeleaved dragon-tree, traditionally used to treat rheumatic pain)

**kaizuli** *(e)kaizuli* n.12 (a) rear side of a house, place behind a house • *Oma wange yasimbire omucungwa ekaizuli.* My mother grew an orange tree behind the house. (b) toilet, washroom, bathroom, restroom, lavatory, WC • *Ayabire omu kaizuli.* He has gone to the toilet.

**kajagalalo** *(a)kajagalalo* n.12/14 commotion, instability, disturbance, disorder, turmoil • *Abembi baleetere akajagalalo omu kibuga.* The musicians have caused a commotion in town.

**kajanja** *(a)kajanja* n.12 overfamiliarity, intrusiveness • *Ntoolaku akanjanja.* Stop your intrusiveness. (lit. Take away your intrusiveness.)

**kajanjaalo** *(a)kajanjaalo* n.12 clitoris • *Abakyala nibo babba n'akajanjalo.* Women have a clitoris.

**kajegere** *(a)kajegere* n.12/14 plait (of hair), braid, a length of hair made up of three or more interlaced strands • *Omukali abbwere kajegere.* The woman has made a plait.

**kajonjo** *(a)kajonjo* n.12/14 rheum from eyes (mucus discharged from the eyes which gathers as a crust in the corners of the eyes), sleepy sand, eye goop, sleep dust • *Naaba omu maiso ogatoolemu obujonjo.* Wash your eyes and get rid of the sleepy sand.

**kajumbura** *(o)kajumbura* n.1a/10 straggling or climbing plant covered with stinging hairs (*Tragia benthamii*) • *Okajumbura asiiya n'abba nga akukonere oku lususu. Tragia benthamii* stings when it comes in contact with the skin.

**Kajura** *(o)Kajura* n.1a name given to a boy born when it is raining • *OKajura yabyaliibwe omu njura.* Kajura was born when it is raining.

**kajuula** *(a)kajuula* n.12/14 sand fly • *Obujuula bunena omu mutwe ng'okuluma.* Sand flies bite your head when you are digging.

**kajwejwete**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kajwejwete* n.1a concentrated banana juice (e.g. juice made from beer banana) • *Kajwejwete bamuwa balwaire.* Concentrated juice is given to sick people.

**Kajwejwete**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Kajwejwete* n.1a name given to the Bunyala queen **kajwisyo** *(a)kajwiso* n.12 abnormal uterine bleeding, bleeding between monthly periods, extremely heavy period • *Omu Bbaibbuli mulimu omukali eyaali omulwaire wa kajwisyo.* In the Bible there was a woman who was suffering from haemorrhage.

**kaka** *(oku)kaka* v.tr. *kakire* to force, to make, to pressure • *Namukakirembe okwiza.* I just forced her to come.

**kakaaga** *(o)kakaaga* n.1a/10 (a) constellation of the Pleiades (b) six thousand • *Musaswire empiiya ezikulooma omu kakaaga.* I have paid him almost six thousand shillings.

**kakaaki** *(a)kakaaki* n.12/14 microphone • *Titulina kakaaki kakubaziramu.* We do not have a microphone to speak into.

**kakaalukana** *(oku)kakaalukana* v.intr. *kakaalukaine* to work hard • *Omukali oyo akakaalukaine okukulya abaana baamu.* That woman has worked hard to raise her children.

**kakaalukani** (e.g. *mukakaalukani*) adj. hard-working • *Mukaagwa wange mukali mukakaalukani.* My sister-in-law is a hard-working woman.

**kakaania** *(oku)kakaania* v.tr. *kakainye* to kindle, to ignite, to lighten •

*Yakakainirye omuuro.* She kindled the fire.

**kakaatiirya** *(oku)kakaatiirya* v.tr. *kakaatiirye, kakaatiriirye* to emphasise, to highlight, to stress, to underline • *Kakaatiirya ensonga egyo leke bagyeteje.* Emphasise that point so that people understand it properly.

**kakaatika** *(oku)kakaatika* v.tr. *kakaatikire* to impose, to enforce • *Lwaki mukutukakaatikaku bye tutakwendya?* Why do you impose on us things that we do not want?

**kakabbuka** *(oku)kakabbuka* v.intr. *kakabbukire* to flake off, to peel off • *Erangi ekukakabbuka.* The paint is peeling off.

**kakabbula** *(oku)kakabbula* v.tr. *kakabbwire* to tear off, to peel off • *Akakabbwireku ekisusu oku musaale.* She peeled off the bark of the tree.

**kakaire** num. one million • *Mmuwaire akakaire kamwei.* I have given him one million.

**kakakampa** *(a)kakakampa* n.12/14 dried nasal mucus, booger • *Yaba otoolemu obukakakampa omu nyindo.* Go and remove the booger.

**kakakula** *(oku)kakakula* v.tr. *kakakwire* to remove by force, to topple, to bring down • *Egavumenti ya Congo bagikakakwireku.* The government of Congo was toppled.

**kakambamaagi**[see also *kadonkiiro*] *(a)kakambamaagi* n.12/14 type of fishing net used for trapping tilapia **kakana**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kakana* n.1a/10 pied kingfisher (*Ceryle rudis*) • *Okakana alya*

*encwi.* The kingfisher eats fish.

**kakana**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kakana* v.intr. *kakaine* to calm down, to stabilise, to normalise • *Kakana, otajumbutukira bigambo.* Calm down, don't speak anyhow.

**kakanga** *(a)kakanga* n.12/14 (of a house) roof apex • *Akakanga ka nyumba baakabwere kubbi.* The roof apex was poorly constructed.

**kakanja** *(a)kakanja* n.12/14 full stop • *Mpandiikire ebigambo bisatu ni ntaaku akakanja.* I wrote three words and then put a full stop.

**kakanyala** *(oku)kakanyala* v.intr. *kakanyaire* (a) to be hard, to be stiff (e.g. due to drying out) • *Ekyanzo kikakanyaire.* The hide has stiffened. (b) (of food) to harden, to become cold • *Emere ya matooke ekakanyala nga togiswekere kusai.* If you don't cover cooked matoke properly, it hardens. (c) to undergo rigor mortis (d) to be difficult, to become obstinate, to be persistent, to be rebellious • *Kibbi omwana okukakanyala nga abakaire baamwe bamukobereku.* It is bad for a child to be obstinate when his parents try to counsel him. **kakanyali** (e.g. *lukakanyali, kakakanyali*) adj. (a) (of clothes) stiff, dry • *Amaizi gani gakolesebwa okuleeta obukakanyali omu ngoye.* This water is used to make fabrics stiff. (b) (of food) cool, cold (c) obstinate, stubborn • *Omusaiza oyo mukakanyali.* That man is obstinate.

**kakara** *(o)kakara* n.1a/10 (a) black

cow with brown stripes from head to tail (b) compulsory labour, forced labour• *Tinkola mulumo gwa kakara.* I don't do forced labour.

**kakarakakara** adv. forcibly, using force, involuntary • *Oyo atukolesya ebya kakarakakara.* That one forces us to do things.

**kakasa** *(oku)kakasa* v.tr. *kakasire* to confirm, to ascertain, to assure • *Nyizire ani kukakasa oba nga waiza oku mbaga.* I have come here to confirm whether you will attend the wedding.

**kakasya** *(oku)kakasya* v.tr. *kakasirye* to brief, to inform, to update, to notify • *Omukulu wa isomero yaizire okukasya abaana.* The head teacher came to inform the children.

**kakata** *(oku)kakata* v.intr. *kakatire* to be certain, to be sure, to be confirmed, to become assured, to be selfreliant • *Omwana akakatire omu kutega encwi.* The child proved to be good at fishing.

**kakati** (e.g. *mukakati, lukakati, bakakati*) adj. firm, strong • *Olujungu lukakati omu Uganda.* English is strong in Uganda.

**kakatya** *(oku)kakatya* v.tr. *kakatirye* (a) to fulfil, to accomplish • *Kakatya bye wasuubiize.* Fulfil your promise. (b) to reinforce, to emphasise, to uphold • *Kakatya ebbizineesi yaamu ng'okufuna erooni omu bbanka.* Reinforce your business with a loan from the bank. (c) to prove, to demonstrate • *Kakatya nti oli mu-* *saiza.* Prove that you are a man. (d) to make certain, to make sure • *Kakatya emisomo gyamu.* Be sure that you are studying well.

**kakaweesi** *(a)kakaweesi* n.12/14 cricket (an insect) • *Akakaweesi kakukokooma.* The cricket is making a lot of noise.

**kakeedo** *(a)kakeedo* n.12/14 fibre from banana petiole (stalk) for making baskets • *Obukeedo tubulukisya kiibbo.* We weave the basket using fibre from banana petioles.

**kakeekeeyu** *(a)kakeekeeyu* n.12/14 drill • *Kolesya okekeeyu ofumule ekiwulu omu lubaawo.* Use the drill and make a hole in the timber.

**kakeesi** *(a)kakeesi* n.12/14 small black cricket • *Akakeesi kakukungira omu nyumba.* The small black cricket is chirping in the house.

**kakekeeyo** *(a)kakekeeyo* n.12/14 sieve, strainer • *Kwata akakekeeyo okunguute obwita.* Use the sieve and sift the millet.

**kakerenge**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kakerenge* n.1a/10 greyish calf • *Onyana wange okakerenge asaare.* My greyish calf is in heat.

**kakerenge**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kakerenge* n.12/14 goat dropping • *Obukerenge bwizwire omu lubuga.* The goat droppings are all over the compound.

**kakiiko** *(a)kakiiko* n.12/14 commission of inquiry, committee • *Opurezidenti atairewo akakiiko katooleerye oku byaitakali.* The president has instituted a commission of land inquiry.

**kakiiniiko**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kakiiniiko* n.12/14 (a) food crumb • *Obukiiniiko buliibwa nkoko.* Food crumbs are eaten by chicken. (b) food dregs • *Obukiiniiko onjango abuliire.* The cat has eaten the food dregs.

**kakiiniiko**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kakiiniiko* n.12 habit of mocking others • *Omukali oyo ata n'akakiiniiko.* That woman has a habit of mocking others.

**kakindo** *(a)kakindo* n.12 crease (a line on cloth produced e.g. by ironing) • *Agoloire esaati n'eizamu obukindo.* He has produced a crease on the shirt by ironing.

**kakiringi** *(a)kakiringi* n.12/14 goat droppings • *Buni bukwisana bukiringi bwa mbuli.* These resemble goat droppings.

**kakisa** *(a)kakisa* n.12 chance, opportunity • *Kolesya kusai akakisa kofunire.* Make the best use of the opportunity you have gotten.

**kakizi** *(a)kakizi* n.12 infatuation, short-lived passion • *Abasaiza bata n'akakizi.* Men have short-lived passion.

**kakobe** *(o)kakobe* n.1a purple • *Esaati yaamwe ya kakobe.* His shirt is purple.

**kakoboli** *(a)kakoboli* n.12/14 tannia (*Xanthosoma sagittifolium*) • *Obukoboli buwooma muno.* Tannia tastes good.

**kakodyo** *(a)kakodyo* n.12/14 trick, skill, technique • *Ako kakodyo kayaaka.* That is a new trick.

**kakoko** *(a)kakoko* n.12/14 chick • *Akakoko kagwire omu kiina.* The chick has fallen into a pit.

**kakokola** *(a)kakokola* n.12/14 elbow • *Akakokola kanduma.* My elbow hurts.

**kakolwa** [see also *waituuru*]*(a)kakolwa* n.12/14 banded mongoose • *Obukolwa bulya muno enjoka.* The mongoose eat snakes a lot.

**kakoma** *(a)kakoma* n.12 way of wrapping a dead body tightly • *Orufa bamubbwere kakoma.* The body was wrapped tightly.

**kakomo** *(a)kakomo* n.12/14 (a) bracelet • *Abakali bendya muno okuzwala obukomo.* Women like wearing bracelets a lot. (b) way of wrapping a dead body tightly • *Orufa bamubbwere kakomo.* The body was tied tightly.

**kakondo**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kakondo* n.12/14 (a) latch • *Aigairewo olwige n'ataaku n'akakondo.* He locked the door with a latch. (b) belt loop • *Akokondo ka mpale yaamwe kazwireku.* His belt loop is torn off. (c) high-heeled shoe, high-heel • *Azwala nkaito za kakondo.* She wears high-heeled shoes.

**kakondo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kakondo* n.1a/10 calf with horns pointing or bending forwards • *Onyana wange okakondo abuure.* My calf with horns that point forward is lost.

**kakongoizole** *(a)kakongoizole* n.12/14 ankle • *Amukubbire eibbaale n'amwatya akakongoizole.* He hit

him with a stone and broke his ankle.

**kakonkolo** *(a)kakonkolo* n.12/14 wooden chair (a log traditionally used by the head of the family as a seat) • *Oisemaka aikaire oku kakonkolo.* The head of the family is sitting in a wooden chair.

**kakonwa** *(a)kakonwa* n.12 halfcooked matoke • *Amatooke tuliire kakonwa.* We ate half-cooked matoke.

**kakoolo** *(a)kakoolo* n.12 cough • *Abaana baamwe boonaboona balwaire ba kakoolo.* All her children are suffering from a cough.

**kakoowekoowe** *(a)kakoowekoowe* n.12/14 eye lash • *Omukaire odi ata n'obukoowekoowe bwingi.* That old man has thick eyelashes.

**kakopa** *(a)kakopa* n.12/14 small type of yam • *Tinkutaka kulya bukopa obwo kubba bukuguma.* I don't want to eat those yams because they are very hard.

**kakosi** *(a)kakosi* n.12/14 sisal thread • *Obukosi mbukambamu omuguwa.* I am making a rope from sisal threads. **kakubampanga** *(o)kakubampanga* n.1a/10 hawk • *Okakubampanga ateera alya obunyonyi bwiraamwe.* The hawk eats its fellow birds.

**kakubbamaizi** *(a)kakubbamaizi* n.12/14 the extreme part of a chicken wing composed of the metacarpals and the phalanges• *Ntaka muno okulya akakubbamaizi.* I love eating chicken wings.

**kakubbansiri** *(o)kakubbansiri*

n.1a/10 basil (*Ocimum basilicum*) • *Okakubbansiri atamba endwaire zingi muno.* Basil cures many diseases. **kakudu** *(o)kakudu* n.1a/10 (a) beetle • *Okakakudu abumba ebisai n'abiyiringitya.* A beetle makes small balls from dung, then it rolls them around. (b) Volkswagen cars• *Obukakudu bubba bumotoka bugumu.* Volkswagen cars are strong.

**kakuju** *(a)kakuju* n.12/14 sliced dried young pumpkin • *Obukuju babukolamu omukubi.* They make sauce from sliced dried young pumpkin.

**kakuku** *(a)kakuku* n.12/14 grudge, resentment, bitterness • *OPatrick ata n'akakuku oku Jane.* Patrick holds a grudge against Jane.

**kakula** *(oku)kakula* v.tr. *kakwire* (a) to scratch, to scrape • *Otakakula kirwaire kikwiza okujwa omusaayi.* You shouldn't scratch your wound, it will start bleeding. (b) (of animal) to dig (a hole), to burrow, to tunnel • *Omese akukakula ekiina omu nyumba.* The rat is digging a hole in a house.

**kakule** *(a)kakule* n.12/14 loud highpitched laughter, a burst of laughter (often scornful in character) • *Abakali bakubbire akaleka omwana n'ayimuka.* The women laughed with a loud high-pitched laughter which woke the child up.

**kakulo** [see also *kakulwe*] *(a)kakulo* n.12/14 tadpole • *Obukulo bubba mu maizi.* Tadpoles live in water.

**kakulwe** [see also *kakulo*] *(a)kakulwe* n.12/14 tadpole • *Obukulwe bubba mu maizi.* Tadpoles live in water.

**kakunguuta** *(a)kakunguuta* n.12/14 sieve, strainer

**kakunkumuka** *(a)kakunkumuka* n.12/14 food crumb, food dregs• *Okapa aliire obukunkumuka bwona.* The cat has eaten all the food crumbs.

**kakunkumukwai** [see also *kakunkumuka*] *(a)kakunkumukwai* n.12/14 food crumb, food dregs

**kakwansokwanso** *(a)kakwansokwanso* n.12/14 *Rhus natalensis* • *Abaana bataka muno okulya obukwasokwaso.* Children like to eat the fruit of *Rhus natalensis*.

**kakweso** *(a)kakweso* n.12/14 embroidery on gomesi • *Webbuwe egomesi otereeze akakweso.* Wear a gomesi and arrange for embroidery on it.

**kakyarumwe** adv. totally, completely, seriously, at all • *Yebereire kakyarumwe okwira okusyoma ebiwandiiko byamwe.* He completely forgot to come back.

**kala** *(oku)kala* v.intr. *kaare* to dry • *Obwita bukala na isana.* Millet is dried by the sunshine.

**kalaamu** *(e)kalaamu* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> (a) pencil, pen • *Songolya ekalaamu yange!* Sharpen my pencil! (b) pencil • *Abaana abato bawandiikisya kalaamu gikalu.* Pupils use pencils to write. (c) eye pencil • *Ekalaamu y'amaiso bagisiiga ku bitigi.* The eye pencil is used to define

the eyebrow. (d) pen • *Abaana babibiina byaiguru bawandiikisya kalaamu ya bwino.* Pupils in the upper classes use a pen to write.

**kalaayi** *(e)kalaayi* n.9/10 metal basin • *Eirai twanaabiranga mu kalaayi.* Long ago we used to bathe in a metal basin.

**kalabanduka** *(oku)kalabanduka* v.intr. *kalabandukire* (of babies) to crawl on one's hands and legs but without using the knees • *Omwana akukalabandunka.* A baby is crawling on its hands and feet.

**kalabula** *(oku)kalabula* v.tr. *kalabwire* to scratch, to scrape, to scar • *Akalabwire ekompyuta yange ati tekuboneka kusai.* He scratched my laptop, it looks ugly now.

**kalaikalai** *(o)kalaikalai* n.1a/2 tall and slender person • *Akaara ka Kootootyo kalaikalai.* Kootootyo's daughter is tall and slender.

**kalakata** *(oku)kalakata* v.tr. *kalakatire* to scrape, to scratch • *ONgoyo akukalakata ekinaga.* Ngoyo is scraping out the cooking pan.

**kalala**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kalala* n.12/14 piece, slice, chunk, wedge • *Mperyaku akalala ka mwogo.* Give me a piece of cassava. **kalala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kalala* v.intr. *kalaire* to argue constantly • *Lwaki okalalya otyo?* Why are you constantly arguing?

**kalali** *(o)kalali* n.1a hot chilli, pepper • *Enyonyi zirya muno okalali.* Birds eat a lot of hot chillies.

**kalalike** *(o)kalalike* n.1a/10 *Grewia*

*damine* (species of flowering plant) **kalambanduka** *(oku)kalambanduka* v.intr. *kalambandukire* to do secretly, to do surreptitiously, to do stealthily • *Bamwajiirye nga akukalambanduka n'orufa.* He was found stealthily carrying a dead body.

**kalambirya** *(oku)kalambirya* v.intr. *kalambiriirye* to be obstinate, to stubborn, to insistent • *ONyangendo akalambirya muno empaka.* Nyangendo is very obstinate.

**kalanguka** *(oku)kalanguka* v.intr. *kalangukire* (a) to stay long, to last • *ODebula akalangukiire omu bufumbo.* Deborah has stayed long in her marriage. (b) to become overdried, to overdry • *Ebigogo bikalangukire.* The banana fibres have overdried.

**kalaso** *(a)kalaso* n.12/14 arrow • *Omwibbi bamukubbire akalaso oku kugulu.* They shot the thief in the leg with an arrow.

**kalata** *(o)kalata* n.1a <from En.> card game • *Abaana abato babaibbira muno omu kalata.* Children are often cheated in the kalata card game.

**kale** interj. alright, ok • *Kale, ka nyize.* Alright, let me come.

**kalebwelebwe** *(a)kalebwelebwe* n.12 edge, margin, side • *Toikaara ku kalebwelebwe ka bwato.* Don't sit on the edge of the boat.

**kaleega** *(a)kaleega* n.12/14 (a) fastener • *Akaleega ka gaali yange kagwire.* The fastener for my bicycle is lost. (b) bra, brassiere • *Nfundirya akaleega ako.* Make that bra smaller

# for me.

**kalegete** *(a)kalegete* n.12/14 sachet, pack (usually wrapped with banana fibres) • *Mbwere obulegete busatu obwa mwani.* I have wrapped three sachets of coffee beans.

**kalegeya** *(a)kalegeya* n.12/14 (a) (of maize) anther • *Oduuma aleetere obulegeya.* The maize got anther. (b) wattle (a fleshy protuberance hanging on either side of the throat of goat) • *Ombuli wange alina obulegeya.* My goat has wattles.

**kaleituko** *(a)kaleituko* n.12 the habit of wandering, roaming • *Omukali okaleituko tayoroora baana kusai.* A woman with the habit of roaming cannot raise children properly.

**kaleju** *(a)kaleju* n.12/14 chin • *Endoorwamu ya motoka yamusaareku akaleju.* The mirror of the car cut off his chin.

**kaleka** *(a)kaleka* n.12/14 (a) loud high-pitched laughter • *Abakali bakubbire akaleka omwana n'ayimuka.* The women laughed with a loud high-pitched laughter which woke the child up. (b) sharp whistle (produced with a palm) • *Kubba akaleka abaliisya bamanye gye tuli.* Blow a high-pitched whistle to let the cattle keepers know where we are.

**kalekale** adv. a little better, slightly better, somewhat better • *Omulwaire ali kalekale.* The patient is a little better.

**kalekaleku** adv. a little better, slightly better, somewhat better •

*Omulwaire namulekere ali kalekale.* I left when the patient was feeling a little better.

**Kalekwa** *(o)Kalekwa* n.1a name given to a girl born when her parent is dead • *Okalekwa akuure.* Kalekwa has grown up.

**kalemangundu** *(a)kalemangundu* n.12/14 *Gardenia thunbergia* (white gardenia, lit. one-which-defeats-theelephant) • *Akalemangundu katamba endwaire zingi.* Gardenia thunbergia treats many diseases.

**kalemba** *(o)kalemba* n.1a/10 name of a calf with black and white-dotted patches on the back • *Namuguliire onte kalemba.* I bought him a calf with black and white-dotted patches on its back.

**kalenda** *(e)kalenda* n.9/10 <from En.> calendar • *Mbagabiire ekalenda ya mwaka ogukwiza.* I gave them the calendar for the coming year.

**kalenge** *(o)kalenge* n.1a mist • *Okalenge alanga isana.* The mist signals sunshine.

**kaleni** conj. hence, therefore, for that matter • *Kaleni, ka tubendeere ebyairiira.* Therefore let us wait for what will happen next.

**kalera** *(a)kalera* n.12/14 umbilical cord • *Mpeerya akalera ka mwana wange tukole emikolo gya kwarula.* Give me my child's umbilical cord and we will carry out the initiation ceremony for her.

**kalezu** [see *kaleju*]

**kali** (e.g. *gakali, bikali, zikali*) adj.

(a) all (in a phrase with a numeral, e.g. all the four) • *Emotoka ezo zikali inai zange.* All four of those cars are mine. (b) both • *Yakwaite omuguwa n'emikono gikali ibiri.* She grabbed the rope with both hands. (c) as one is, in the original state • *Tobalinda kuzwala baleete nka ni bakali.* Do not wait for them to get dressed, bring them as they are.

**kaliculeeta** *(e)kaliculeeta* n.9/10 <from En.> calculator • *Ekaliculeeta embalisya kubbi.* The calculator gives me wrong results.

**kalidaali** *(o)kalidaali* n.1a/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> mustard seed • *Okalidaali aira kusai ewaabwe.* Mustard grows well in their area.

**kalifoomu** *(o)kalifoomu* n.1a <from En.> chloroform • *Bamukubbire okalifoomu mwingi n'afa.* They administered him a lot of chloroform and he died.

**kalifuuwa** *(o)kalifuuwa* n.1a perfume, scent • *Abakali bataka muno okwekubba okalifuuwa.* Women really love wearing perfumes.

**kaliga** *(o)kaliga* n.1a/10 pure concentrated brew • *Anywire okaliga olwaleero.* Today he has drunk pure concentrated brew.

**kaliibwabaliisya** *(a)kaliibwabaliisya* n.12/14 type of wild small grapes eaten by people who are grazing animals

**Kaliisya** *(o)Kaliisya* n.1a (a) type of god, spirit responsible for cattle keeping • *Abaliisya bawongera kalii-* *sya.* Cattle-keepers offer sacrifices to the spirit called Kaliisa. (b) God • *Okaliisya wa mwiguru atugabiriire kusai.* The God of the heavens has blessed us mightily.

**kalikiirya** *(a)kalikiirya* n.12 darkness • *Waliyo akalikiirya, tiwasobole kumubona kusai.* It is a bit dark (lit. there is some darkness), you won't be able to see him properly.

**kalimakiza** *(o)kalimakiza* n.1a/2 controversial person • *Omwala oyo kalimakiza.* That girl is a controversial person.

**kalimi**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kalimi* n.12/14 (a) bud, sprout, shoot • *Ni wabona omucungwai nga guleetere obulimi bwingi, obumwei bunokoleku.* If you see the orange tree producing many buds, prune some off. (b) hand (a pointer on a clock) • *Akalimi ka saawa katiikire.* The clock hand has broken.

**kalimi**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kalimi* n.12/14 convincing tongue, silver tongue • *Owandira ata na kalimi.* Wandera has a silver tongue.

**kalimikagamba** pro. myself • *Ninje kalimikagamba.* It is me myself.

**kalimpaka** *(o)kalimpaka* n.1a/2 argumentative person • *Omukali waamwe kalimpaka.* His wife is an argumentative person.

**kalina** [see *kalinabiri*]

**kalinabiri** *(e)kalinabiri* n.9/10 skyscraper

**Kalindairuba** *(o)kalindairuba* n.1a/10 officer in charge of communal wells • *Okalindairuba yeena asasulwenge.* The officer in charge of communal wells should also be paid. **kalivaali** *(e)kalivaali* n.9 cavalry • *Oyesu bamubambiire Kalivaali.* Jesus was crucified at Calvary.

**kaliya** *(e)kaliya* n.9/10 <from En.> carrier (of a bicycle) • *Ta ekaliya oku gaali yange.* Put a carrier on my bicycle.

**kaloiso** *(a)kaloiso* n.12 stare, long fixed look • *Akaloiso konkubbire kaamaareko emirembe.* Your stare is making me uncomfortable.

**kalooli** *(o)kalooli* n.1a/10 marabou stork • *Okalooli alya encwi.* The marabou stork eats fish.

**kaloolo** *(a)kaloolo* n.12/14 chicken flea, chicken lice (*Ceratophyllus gallinea*) • *Obuloolo bubba ku nkoko.* Chicken fleas live on chicken.

**kaloosa** *(a)kaloosa* n.12/14 (a) aroma, scent • *Omukubi gulimu akaloosa.* The sauce has a good aroma. (b) perfume • *Omukali yekubbire akaloosa akasai.* The woman is wearing a nice perfume.

**kalu** *(e.g.rikali, bikalu, mukalu)* adj. (a) dry • *Eisubi likalu.* The grass is dry. (b) without milk • *Nkunywa caayi mukalu.* I am drinking tea without milk. (c) tangible, concrete • *Oisemaka ateekwa okubbaawo n'ebintu ebikalu.* The family head must possess some tangible property. (d) remorseless, heartless, pitiless, merciless, cruel • *OKalangwa mukalu wa mwoyo.* Kalangwa is a remorseless

person.

**kalubiirya** *(oku)kalubiirya* v.tr. *kalubiriirye* to complicate matters for • *Lwaki okunkalubiirya?* Why are you complicating matters for me?

**kalukalu** (e.g. *mukalukalu, bakalukalu*) adj. confident, self-assured • *Aiza kukulaakulana kubba abbaire mwana mukalukalu.* He will succeed because he has been a confident boy.

**kalulu** *(a)kalulu* n.12/14 (a) lot, betting, gambling • *Aboojo bataka muno okuzeenya akalulu.* The boys like playing the lot game. (b) vote, election • *Buli kalulu ka muntu kabba ka mugaso.* Everyone's vote is important. (c) **kubba (a)kalulu** to cast a vote • *Tumaare okukubba obululu.* We have finished casting our votes.

**kalumba** *(a)kalumba* n.12 (of a boat) bow • *Omugimbi taikala mu kalumba aikala mu nsaasa.* The oarsman does not sit at the stern of the boat, he sits at the bow.

**kalunga** <Ruruuli> *(a)kalunga* n.12/14 black and red seed from a kalunga plant (type of herbal plant with red seeds)

**kalusu** *(o)kalusu* n.1a foot-andmouth disease • *Ente zirwaire okalusu.* The cattle are suffering from foot-and-mouth disease.

**kaluulu** *(a)kaluulu* n.12 joyous ululation • *Basagarukire ni bakubba n'akaluulu.* They were very happy and made a joyous ululation.

**kalya** *(oku)kalya* v.tr. *kaarye* to dry,

to make dry • *Kalya ebyanzo ebyo bitajunda.* Dry those hides or else they will rot.

**kalyabugalula** *(e)kalyabugalula* n.9/10 (a) type of hammer used in metal forging (b) god, spirit worshipped by blacksmiths commonly among the Bagala clan • *Abagala bawongera oKalabugalula.* The Bagala offer sacrifices to Kalyabugalula.

**kalyaikoti** *(o)kalyaikoti* n.1a type of fetish and type of spirit responsible for giving wealth and child birth

**kalyaisoke** *(o)kalyaisoke* n.1a/10 Mediterranean house gecko • *Akalyaisoke kasula mu nyumba.* The Mediterranean house gecko lives in houses.

**kama** *(oku)kama* v.tr. *kamire* to milk • *Ayabire kukama nte.* He has gone to milk the cow.

**kamaanya** *(o)kamaanya* n.1a/2 (of a person) very evil • *Kamaanya we fa n'amagombe gabule.* You evil one, may you die and never be buried.

**kamaituka** *(oku)kamaituka* v.tr. *kamaitukire* to do without thinking it through • *Ebiro ebingi akamaitukambe.* Most times he does things without thinking them through.

**kamala** [see *kamara*]

**kamansuuli** *(a)kamansuuli* n.12/14 trap • *Akamansuuli kaitire onkowu.* The trap has killed a guinea fowl.

**kamanyiiro** *(a)kamanyiiro* n.12 tactlessness, lack of sensitivity • *Akamanyiiro kabyala obutatiina.* Tactlessness leads to contempt.

**kamanyisyo** *(a)kamanyisyo* n.12/14 (a) symptom, indicator, sign • *Ako kamanyisyo ka bulwaire bwa bisoone.* That is a symptom of syphilis. (b) signpost • *Omu Kayunga mulimu obumanyisyo bwingi.* There are many signposts in Kayunga. (c) notification • *Akamanyisyo kaizire oku simu yange.* A notification appeared on my phone. (d) punctuation mark • *N'obba okuwandiika otaamu obumanyisyo.* When you are writing, use punctuation marks.

**kamara** *(o)kamara* n.1a/2 county chief • *Ninje kamara wabwakamara buni.* I am the county chief of this county.

**kamarabyona** *(o)kamarabyona* n.1a/2 (a) prime minister • *Niye Kamarabyona wa Bukama bwa Buruuli.* He is the prime minister of Buruuli kingdom. (b) Lord • *Nkubendeera kamarabyona anjune.* I am waiting upon the Lord for his help.

**kamasu** *(a)kamasu* n.12/14 rat trap • *Akamasu kakwaite omese.* The rat trap has caught a rat.

**kamasuka** *(a)kamasuka* n.12/14 new moon • *Akamasuka kakuboneka kusai.* The new moon looks nice.

**kamazima** interj. imagine, just suppose (an exclamation used to express surprise) • *Kamazima, namuwuulire nga akubaza!* Imagine, I heard him say so!

**kamba** *(oku)kamba* v.intr./tr. *kambire* (a) to weave • *Mmaite okukamba omukeeka.* I know how to weave a

mat. (b) to knit • *Tandika okukamba esweta.* Start knitting the sweater. (c) to plait (hair), to braid • *Omwara wange ayegere okukamba eisoke.* My daughter has learnt to plait hair. (d) to have sticky skin • *Naaba engalo zaamu ng'okyali kunkwatako kubba zikukamba.* Wash your hands before you touch me, they are sticky.

**kambaiga** *(oku)kambaiga* v.intr. *kambaigire* to have a tart taste (e.g. of unripe mangoes) • *Omukooge gukukambaiga.* The tamarind has a tart taste.

**kambamaagi** [see also *kakambamaagi*] *(o)kambamaagi* n.1a/10 type of fishing net used for trapping tilapia • *Kambamaagi katimba ka binage.* Kambamaagi is a type of fishnet for fishing tilapia.

**kambiira** *(oku)kambiira* v.tr. *kambiire* <from archaic> to show direction, to direct, to show the way • *Amos mukambiire enzira ekwaba ewa Edward.* Show Amos the way to Edward's home.

**kambugumbugu** *(a)kambugumbugu* n.12/14 kind of insect-eating bat, small bat • *Obumbugumbugu buleeta endwaire zingi omu bantu.* Bats cause many diseases in humans.

**kambula** *(a)kambula* n.12/14 type of herb used to cleanse someone with bad luck or misfortune • *Azwire omu bubbwe bamunaabya kambula.* A person from the prison is cleansed with the kambura herb.

**kambuula** *(oku)kambuula* v.tr. *ka-*

*mbwire* to unroof, to remove the roof, to uncover • *Kambuula enyumba ako oteeku amabaati agayaaka ge twaguure.* Unroof that house and put on the new iron sheets we bought.

**kambuwala** *(oku)kambuwala* v.intr. *kambuwaire* to be harsh, to impolite, to unfriendly, to unkind • *Lwaki okambuwala muno?* Why are you always harsh?

**kambwe** (e.g. *mukambwe, zikambwe, mukambwe*) adj. fierce • *Ontale abba mukambwe.* A lion is fierce.

**kamega** *(a)kamega* n.12/14 scooping plate • *Leeta akamega mbagabire emere.* Bring the scooping plate and I'll serve you food.

**kamekai** interrog. how often, how many times • *Kamekai nga nkwiza ani n'otabonekeku?* How many times have I come here without seeing you?

**kamengo** *(a)kamengo* n.12/14 enlarged spleen usually due to untreated malaria or a tumour, splenomegaly • *Omwana waamwe mulwaire wa kamengo.* Her son is suffering from splenomegaly.

**kamera** *(e)kamera* n.9/10 <from En.> camera • *Ekamera yaamwe ewulukiryawo ebiisani.* His camera produces photos instantly.

**kamigiiryo** *(a)kamigiiryo* n.12 (a) crowded place, narrow place • *Nje tintaka kutambuura mu mbeera ya kamigiiryo.* I don't want to walk in crowded places. (b) selfishness, egoism, self-centeredness• *Ako kaali kamigiiryo kenyini.* That was an act of pure selfishness.

**kamigisyo** *(a)kamigisyo* n.12 clamp for castration, burdizzo • *Akamigisyo bakakolesya nga bakusaama ebisolo.* A burdizzo is used during the castration of animals.

**kamigo** *(a)kamigo* n.12 congestion, overcrowding • *Otayingira mu nyumba kubba akamigo kaingi.* Don't enter the house because it is too crowded.

**kamiimo** adj. tight, small, tight fitting • *Omwojo azwaire empale kamiimo.* The boy is wearing tight trousers.

**kamiro** *(a)kamiro* n.12/14 (a) windpipe, trachea • *Amaizi gamwabire omu kamiro.* The water got into his windpipe. (b) excessive greed • *Omukali oyo ata n'akamiro.* That woman is very greedy.

**kamooli** *(a)kamooli* n.12/14 ventilation shaft, ventilation system • *Omese ayingiire mu kamooli.* The rat entered through the ventilation shift.

**kampaguki** *(a)kampaguki* n.12 hiccup • *Mulwaire wakampaguki.* She's suffering from hiccups.

**kampalala** *(o)kampalala* n.1a/10 large grasshopper • *Onkoko akulya okampalala.* The hen is eating a large grasshopper.

**kampanga** [see also *mpanga*] *(a)kampanga* n.12 (or 1a)/14 cockerel, young rooster, young cock • *Nguureyo akampanga.* I have bought a

young cockerel.

**kampewo** *(a)kampewo* n.12 fresh air • *Awulukire nzai kuwuura kukampewo.* He has gone outside to feel the fresh air.

**kampulu** *(a)kampulu* n.12/14 hideand-seek (children's game) • *Abaana abato bataka okuzeenya akampulu.* Children like to play hide-andseek.

**kampungo** *(a)kampungo* n.12 breeze, gentle fresh wind • *Akampungo enzai kakufuuwa mpolampola.* A breeze is blowing outside.

**kampuni** *(e)kampuni* n.9/10 <from En.> company, firm, enterprise • *Aguure ekampuni ya mubazi.* He has bought a pharmaceutical company.

**kampwacimpwaci** *(a)kampwacimpwaci* n.12/14 snack • *Abaana bataka muno okulya obumpwancimpwanci oku isomero,* Children love to eat snacks when they are at school.

**kamucencene** *(o)kamucencene* n.1a/10 Mediterranean house gecko (*Hemidactylus turcicus*) • *Okamucencene mwandi muno.* The Mediterranean house gecko is a very fierce lizard.

**kamuka** *(oku)kamuka* v.intr. *kamukire* to be half-dry • *Olugoye lukamukire.* The cloth is half-dry.

**kamukodyai** *(o)kamukodyai* n.1a/10 type of leafy plant with pinkish flowers used as vegetables • *Okamukodyai mukubi gwa nzala.* The pinkish leafy plant is usually used to make sauce during a period of famine.

**kamukunu** *(o)kamukunu* n.1a cassava brown streak • *Okamukunu afoola ebiyaata ni bisana ebisumbeku.* Cassava brown streak makes cassava tubers look as though they were cooked.

**kamula** *(oku)kamula* v.tr. *kamwire* to squeeze out (liquid), to extract • *Yakamwire omucugwai.* She squeezed juice out from the orange.

**kamulali** *(o)kamulali* n.1a hot chilli pepper • *Nteera okamulali omu mukubi gwange.* Put hot chilli in my sauce.

**kamunye** *(e)kamunye* n.9/10 fourteen seater minibus used as means of public transport • *Ekamunye nizo zisinga okutambulya abantu omu Uganda.* A fourteen seater minibus is the most common means to transport people in Uganda.

**kamusalya** *(a)kamusalya* n.12 temporally mental disorder • *Omukali oyo aliku akamusalya.* That woman has a temporary mental disorder.

**kamusyeku** *(a)kamusyeku* n.12 powder made from cow peas leaves and used as a spice for sauces • *Omukubi gulimu kamusyeku gu wooma.* Sauce with leaf powder is delicious.

**kamwano** *(a)kamwano* n.12/14 traditional razor blade (piece of reed traditionally used to cut the umbilical cord) • *Ebiro abakali tibakyalesya kamwano okusala omukundi gwa nkeremba zaabwe.* These days women no longer use traditional razor blades to cut the umbilical cord of their babies. **kamwenyumwenyu** *(a)kamwenyumwenyu* n.12 smile • *N'ambwoine n'aizaku akamwenyumwenyu.* When she saw me, she smiled.

**kamwesyo** *(a)kamwesyo* n.12/14 shaver, razor blade • *Leeta akamwesyo nkugembe omulezu.* Bring the shaver and I'll shave off your beard. **Kamwizinga** *(o)Kamwizinga* n.1a name of a female born on an island • *OKwamwizinga abba mwana eyabyaliibwe oku kizinga.* Okwamwizinga is a name given to a female born from an island.

**kanaanai** num. eight thousand • *Empale ngiguure kanaanai.* I bought the trousers for eight thousand shillings.

**kanabaliisya** *(a)kanabaliisya* n.12 caecum of a goat • *Akanabaliisya ka mbuli kawooma muno.* The caecum of a goat is delicious.

**kanaga** *(a)kanaga* n.12/14 cooking pot • *Omukubi bagusumbira mu kanaga.* The sauce is cooked in a cooking pot.

**kanagabarasi** *(a)kanagabarasi* n.12 siesta, afternoon sleep, nap • *Afuniremu akanagabarasi.* He has taken a siesta.

**kanai** num. (a) fourth (b) **mwezi ga kanai** April (c) **buulya kanai n'akataano** to interrogated, to ask to provide details

**kanamaizi** *(a)namaizi* n.12/14 outer mushroom • *Obunamaizi bumera kwa ikendi.* Outer mushrooms grow during the rainy season.

**kananai** num. eight thousand

**kanansooro** *(a)kanansooro* n.12/14 small whitish edible mushroom (*Termitomyces microcarpus*) • *Obunansooro butera kumera ku kiswa. Termitomyces microcarpus* usually grows on termite mounds.

**kanca**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kanca* v.tr. *kancire* to create, to generate, to produce • *Tosobola kukancawo lulimi lutabbairewo.* You can't create a language out of nothing.

**Kanca**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Kanca* n.1a God, creator • *OKanca musai.* God is good.

**kanda**<sup>1</sup> adv. maybe, perhaps, possibly • *Okwiza kanda bbe? Kanda waiza je bukwiza.* Are you coming or not? Perhaps you will come later.

**kanda**<sup>2</sup> conj. unless, or • *Oli munywani wange kanda nga oli omwe oku bakundoga.* You are my friend, unless you are among those who are bewitching me.

**kanda**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)kanda* v.tr. *kandire* to knead • *Akukanda ŋaano.* He is kneading flour to make dough.

**kandabula** *(oku)kandabula* v.tr. *kandabwire* to unsew, to undo the sewing, to take apart the sewing • *Kandabula ekiteeteeyi ekyo okigaziye.* Take apart that dress and make it bigger.

**kandaki** interj. expression of surprise • *Odi mwala kandaki?* What kind of girl is that?

**kanderendere** *(o)kanderendere* n.1a/2 newly born baby • *Enyenyeezi edi ekulanga nti waliwo okandere-* *ndere akabyaliibwe.* That star announces that there is a newborn baby.

**kandida** *(o)kandida* n.1a/10 candida • *Aidah alwaire okandida.* Aidah is suffering from candida.

**kandigamaraka** *(a)kandigamaraka* n.12/14 microphone • *Akandigamaraka ke bakoleserye oku mbaga kabbaire kafu.* The microphone which they used at the party was faulty.

**kandula** *(oku)kandula* v.tr. *kandwire* to rake • *Kandula ebisubi ebyo.* Rake that grass.

**kanga** *(oku)kanga* v.tr. *kangire* to stop, to end • *Kanga okwizanga e wange.* Stop coming to my home.

**kangabala** *(oku)kangabala* v.intr. *kangabaire* to stand on tiptoes • *Kangabala otooleyo ekiisani kidi.* Stand on tiptoes and get that photograph.

**kangaitana** *(oku)kangaitana* v.intr. *kangaitaine* to stagger, to walk unsteadily • *Omukali akukangaitana nka atamiire.* The woman is staggering as though she is drunk.

**kangaituka** *(oku)kangaituka* v.intr. *kangaitukire* to stumble, to trip • *Omwana akangaitukire n'agwa.* The child has stumbled and fallen down. **kangala**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kangala* n.12/14 skull • *Mboine akangala ka nkembo.* I have seen a monkey skull.

**kangala**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kangala* n.1a <from Ar. via Sw.> <from archaic> gin • *Okangala acamula obwongo.* Gin stimulates the brain.

**kange** [see *ange*]

**kangirya** *(oku)kangirya* v.intr. *kangiirye* to stop, to pause • *Soma okangirye ani.* Read and stop here.

**kangula** *(oku)kangula* v.intr. *kangwire* to speak loudly and clearly • *Kangula oku iraka tuwuure.* Speak loudly and clearly for us to hear.

**kangura** adv. frankly, honestly, straightforwardly • *Musimoolenge kangura.* You should always speak frankly.

**kani** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**kaniala** *(a)kaniala* n.12/14 premature banana • *Obuniala tibunura mere.* Premature bananas are not good for food.

**kaniino** *(a)kaniino* n.12/14 uphill • *Tambula nga oleegere oku kaniino ako okwiza kubona ewooteeri.* Walk straight uphill, you will see the hotel.

**kanika** *(oku)kanika* v.tr. *kanikire* to repair, to fix, to mend • *Emotoka yaiswe bagikanikire kusai.* Our car was well repaired.

**kanindi** *(a)kanindi* n.12/14 spring, source, wellspring • *Amaizi gazwa omu bunindi.* Water flows from springs.

**kanisa** *(e)kanisa* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> church • *Nkobera eibara lya kanisa yaanywe.* Tell me the name of your church.

**kanja** *(oku)kanja* v.tr. *kanjirye* to stop, to quit, to cease • *Kanja okuyiriika atali nsonga oli muntu mukulu.* Stop quarrelling for no reason, you are an adult.

**kankana** *(oku)kankana* v.intr. *kankaine* to tremble, to shake, to shiver • *Lwaki okukankana?* Why are you trembling?

**kankeire** adj. huge, enormous • *Omusaiza ata n'okankeire wa nyumba.* A man has a huge house.

**kankikasukeyo** *(o)kankikasukeyo* n.1a/10 grinding stone • *Okankikasukeyo oyo akusya kusai.* That grinding stone grinds well.

**kansa** *(o)kansa* n.1a <from En.> cancer • *Okansa akwita abanayuganda baingi ebiro bini.* Cancer is killing many Ugandans these days.

**kansuka** *(oku)kansuka* v.intr. *kansukire* to be grumpy, to be badtemperate, to be irritable • *Ye atibuni lwaki okukansuka nanje?* Why are you grumpy towards me?

**kansusule** *(a)kansusule* n.12/14 pinky finger, little finger • *Akansusule kakunduma.* My little finger hurts.

**kansuswe** *(a)kansuswe* n.12/14 bud • *Ekimera kyange kireetere akansunswe.* My plant has developed a bud. **kanta** *(oku)kanta* v.intr. *kantire* to make a clicking sound in order to communicate with an animal (e.g. a cow when it is being milked) • *Naani oyo akukanta?* Who is making a clicking sound?

**kantiini** *(e)kantiini* n.9/10 <from En.> canteen, cafeteria • *Yaba oku kantiini ogule oswiti.* Go to the canteen and buy sweets.

**kantu** *(a)kantu* n.12 mental problem

• *Mukaliwe oliku akantu?* Woman, do you have a mental problem?

**kanuunu** [see *kanuunwai*]

**kanuunwai** *(a)kanuunwai* n.12/14 nectar sack • *Ekimuli kibbaaku akanuunwai.* A flower has a nectar sack. **kanya** *(oku)kanya* v.intr./tr. *kanyire* (a) to be many, to accumulate, to increase • *Tukutuku zikanyire omu Uganda ebiro bini.* These days threewheeled motorcycles have become popular in Uganda. (b) to persist, to continue, to carry on, to go on • *Kanya kukola okwiza kubba kusai.* Continue working and you will be successful. (c) to accumulate, to gather, to collect • *Omwami akanyirye eitungo lingi.* The chief has accumulated a lot of wealth.

**kanyalala** [see *kanyala*]

**kanyamuntu** *(a)kanyamuntu* n.12/14 mask (worn as a form of disguise) • *Yebbwere akanyamuntu omu busyo.* He is wearing a mask.

**kanyango** *(a)kanyango* n.12/14 (a) dry spell • *Ewaiswe akanyango katuli kubbi e Lwampanga.* The dry spell is treating us badly in Lwampanga village. (b) late morning bright sunlight • *Yatambwire mu kanyango.* He left during the late morning.

**kanyangonyango** *(a)kanyangonyango* n.12 intermittent sunshine • *Akwota kanyangonyango.* She is busking in the intermittent sunshine.

**kanyata** *(a)kanyata* n.12/14 frenulum of tongue, lingual frenulum •

*Omwana baamusaare akanyata kaamwe.* They cut the child's lingual frenulum.

**kanyenyeezi** *(a)kanyenyeezi* n.12/14 fluorescent beetle, firefly • *Akanyenyeezi kaaka obwire.* The firefly emits light at night.

**kanyisya** *(oku)kanyisya* v.tr. *kanyisyire* to have a considerable amount, to have a considerable quantity • *Omuyunjagato takanyisya matooke mu lusuku.* A person who harvests young matoke cannot have food in plenty.

**kanyuga** *(oku)kanyuga* v.tr. *kanyugire* to throw (e.g. a ball) • *Nkanyugira omupiira ogwo.* Throw that ball to me.

**kanzu** *(e)kanzu* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> kanzu (a white or cream coloured robe worn by men in the African Great Lakes region, a traditional attire of the Baganda introduced to the Buganda Kingdom by Arab traders) • *Omusiraamu azwaire ekanzu.* The Muslim is dressed in a kanzu.

**kapa**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kapa* n.1a/10 <from Sw.> cat • *Yaboine okapa eigolo nga akulya omese.* He saw a cat eating a rat yesterday.

**kapa**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *gikapa, bikapa, mukapa*) adj. lean • *Nsangireyo nyama gikapa yonkai.* I found only lean meat.

**kapanga** *(o)kapanga* n.1a/10 *Lantana camara* (species of flowering plant within the verbena family) • *Okapanga akula mangu. Lantana ca-* *mara* grows very fast.

**kapanka** [see *kapanga*] *(o)kapanka* n.1a/10

**kapenda** *(o)kapenda* n.1a/10 (a) pigeon pea (*Cajanus cajan*) • *Kapenda alumibwa muno omu Uganda.* Pigeon peas are widely grown in Uganda. (b) **kapenda wa nawaira** variety of ratoon pigeon pea (*Cajanus cajan*) with large seeds • *Abantu bataka muno okuluma kapenda wa nawaira kubba abala muno.* People prefer to grow ratoon pigeon peas because their yield is high.

**kapici** *(o)kapici* n.1a/10 cabbage • *Omukubi twalya gwa kapici.* We will eat cabbage as sauce.

**kapiira** *(a)kapiira* n.12/14 (a) condom • *Kolesya akapiira kusai okwekinga endwaire ya namunywa.* Use the condom effectively in order to prevent HIV/AIDS. (b) football (ball used in football) • *OKabagambe amaite okucanga akapiira.* Kabagambe knows how to play football skilfully.

**kapika** *(oku)kapika* v.tr. *kapikire* to dress tightly, to put on (many items of clothing) • *Omwana akukunga kubba omukapikire muno.* The child is crying because you have dressed him tightly.

**kapimpidu** *(o)kapimpidu* n.1a/2 short person • *Bona kapimpidu ka musaiza kakubina.* Look at the very short man dancing.

**Kapimpini** *(o)Kapimpini* n.1a type of god, spirit • *OKapimpini omwe oku* *mbadwa z'Abanyala.* Kapimpini is one of the gods among the Banyala. **kapipi** *(a)kapipi* n.12 vengeance, revenge, retaliation • *Nkuteekateeka okwemalaku akapipi ke mulinaku.* I am planning to wreak vengeance on him.

**kapiripiiyo**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kapiripiiyo* n.12/14 (a) drill • *Kolesya akapiripiiyo ote ekituli omu lubaawo.* Use the drill and make a hole in the timber. (b) traditional blender • *Akapiripiiyo kakolesebwa okucwacwana ebiyimba.* A traditional blender is used to blend beans. (c) needle for sewing machine • *Taaku akapiripiiyo akandi oku kyalaani.* Insert another needle in the sewing machine.

**kapiripiiyo**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kapiripiiyo* n.12/14 lighter • *Abantu ba mu Kampala bakolesya bupiripiiyo okukoleerya osigala.* People in Kampala use lighters to light cigarettes.

**kapuka** *(oku)kapuka* v.intr. *kapukire* (a) to die suddenly or unexpectedly • *Omusaiza yakapukiire omu katale.* The man died suddenly at the market. (b) to break suddenly (e.g. of a tree) • *Omusaale gukapukire.* The tree suddenly broke. (c) to speak anyhow • *Mwojo lekerawo okapuka muno.* My friend, stop speaking anyhow.

**kapula** *(oku)kapula* v.tr. *kapwire* (a) to spread • *Lekerawo okukapula ebigambo oku bakwenda ba mukama.* Stop spreading lies about clergymen. (b) **kapula (o)luyi** to slap hard, to

smack hard, to strike hard • *Mmukapwire oluyi.* I slapped her hard.

**kapundo** *(a)kapundo* n.12/14 mineral lick, salt lick • *Twala ente ezo omu kapundo.* Take the cows to the salt lick.

**kaputeeni** *(o)kaputeeni* n.1a/2 <from En.> captain • *Naani okaputeeni wa tiimu yaanywe?* Who is your team captain?

**karabwaku** *(o)karabwaku* n.1a/2 mentally disturbed person • *Okarabwaku aitire omwana.* A mentally disturbed person killed a child.

**karai** adv. early, early in the day, ahead of time • *Yaba e Kampala karai.* Go to Kampala early in the day. **karanga** *(oku)karanga* v.tr. *karangire* to roast (grains) in husks • *Karanga ebinyeebwa tulye.* Roast the groundnuts and let's eat.

**karanguka** *(oku)karanguka* v.intr. *karangukire* to fight hard, to work extremely hard • *Wekarangule nka akuniga ombwene.* Fight as hard as someone strangling a dog. (a proverb)

**karapyo** *(a)karapyo* n.12/14 pestle for mashing soft food • *Mpeerya akarapyo ngoite emere.* Give me the pestle and I'll mash the food.

**karoloiso** *(a)karoloiso* n.12 astonishment, shock, wonder • *Yamulooreire n'akaroloiso.* He looked at him in astonishment.

**karoti** *(e)karoti* n.9/10 <from En.> carrot • *Ekaroti ziwoomesya omukubi.* Carrots make the sauce tasty.

**karu** (e.g. *mukaru, bakaru*) adj. mean, miserly, stingy • *Tintaka kuswerwa omusaiza omukaru.* I don't want to marry a mean man.

**karuma** *(a)karuma* n.12 menstrual pain, cramps • *Akaruma katera kumwizira nga ali mu kwezi.* She usually gets cramps during menstruation.

**karumba** *(o)karumba* n.1a/10 type of wasp (black and small) • *Okarumba anenere omusaiza.* A wasp stung the man.

**karundirundi** *(a)karundirundi* n.12/14 rod of a bicycle peddle • *OSembatya yaguure akarundirundi akaya.* Sembatya bought a new bicycle peddle-rod.

**karuukuule** *(a)karuukuule* n.12/14 danger, problem • *Atuleeteire oburuukuule.* He has caused us problems.

**kasaale** *(a)kasaale* n.12/14 (a) branch, stick • *OSusan yakumbainye obusaale n'ayakya omuuro.* Susan gathered sticks and lit a fire. (b) arrow • *Omwibbi bamulasire akasaale.* The thief was shot with an arrow.

**kasaana** *(a)kasaana* n.12/14 *Acacia hockii* (a widespread acacia shrub or small tree • *Akasaana bakokolesya omu mikolo gya byabuwangwa. Acacia hockii* is used in some cultural ceremonies.

**kasaasaayi** *(o)kasaasaayi* n.1a maroon colour • *Yunifoomu yaabwe ya kasaayisaayi.* Their uniform is maroon.

**Kasaato** *(o)Kasaato* n.1a name of a mountain in Kamuli district believed to the home for the spirit called Kasaato

**kasaayi** *(o)kasaayi* n.1a red colour • *Esaati yaamwe ya kasaayi.* His shirt is red.

**kasambaituko** *(a)kasambaituko* n.12/14 commotion, turmoil, chaos • *Wagwirewo akasambaituko omu kibuga.* A commotion erupted in the city.

**kasana** *(a)kasana* n.12 sunshine • *Akasana katandikire okwememula.* The sunshine became bright.

**kasando** *(a)kasando* n.12/14 sap • *Omutuba gubbaako guzwaku obusando bwingi.* The mutuba tree produces a lot of sap.

**Kasangaki** *(o)Kasangaki* n.1a name given to a child born after the death of a grandparent

**kasanju**<sup>1</sup> num. seven thousand • *Olugoye olwo naluguure siringi kasanju.* I bought that cloth for seven thousand shillings.

**kasanju**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kasanju* n.12 forced labour • *Abasibe babakolesya kasanju.* The prisoners are made to do forced labour.

**kasanvu** [see *kasanju*]

**kasanyire** *(o)kasanyire* n.1a famine **kasara** *(o)kasara* n.1a/10 cow with horns hanging downwards • *Okasara aboneka kusai.* The cow with horns hanging downwards looks nice.

**kasasiro** *(o)kasasiro* n.1a trash, rub-

bish • *Omu Kampala mulimu okasasiro mwingi.* There is a lot of trash in Kampala.

**kasatu** num. (a) third • *Guni mwaka gwa kasatu nga akusoma oku yunivasite.* This is her third year at the university. (b) **mwezi gwa kasatu** March

**kasawu** *(a)kasawu* n.12/14 money purse, wallet • *Yanyagire akasawu kange n'airuka.* He grabbed my money purse and ran away.

**kasede** *(a)kasede* n.12 sweet potato slice • *Nkutaka okulya oku kasede.* I feel like eating dried potato.

**kaseera** *(a)kaseera* n.12/14 (a) short period of time (b) **buli kaseera** every time, always • *Owabisanzire asekesya abantu buli kaseera.* A joker always makes people laugh.

**kaseese** *(o)kaseese* n.1a type of crude gin, it used to come from Kaseese • *Kaseese mwenge ogwaligire omu disitulikiti ya Kaseese.* Kaseese gin originated in the Kaseese district.

**kasekendi** *(a)kasekendi* n.12/14 second (a sixtieth of a minute of time) • *Waakaakalawo obusekendi musanju.* Seven seconds have passed.

**kasekeranyonyi** *(a)kasekeranyonyi* n.12/14 *Lantana trifolia* (herbal plant with small sweet purple berries used to treat hiccups)

**kasekere** *(a)kasekere* n.12 sty (an inflamed swelling on the edge of an eyelid caused by bacterial infection) • *Akasekere kakunduma muno.* The sty hurts me a lot.

**kasembo** [see also *mutaragi*] *(a)kasembo* n.12/14 token of appreciation, incentive, gratuity • *Yakoore kusai ni mmuweeryayo akasembo.* He performed well and I gave him a token of my appreciation.

**kasengeiza** *(a)kasengeiza* n.12/14 strainer • *Sengeizesya kasengeiza.* Filter it with the strainer.

**kasensekera** *(o)kasensekera* n.1a/10 kind of large flying ant capable of inflicting a serious sting, type of pest which attacks coffee plants (It is black, small and it stings.)

**kaseregete** *(a)kaseregete* n.12/14 small grey termite • *Obuseregete bulya muno emisaale.* Grey termites eat a lot of trees.

**kaserengeto** *(a)kaserengeto* n.12/14 slope, decline • *Abantu bafuna muno obutandwa oku kaserengeto kadi.* Many people have an accident on that slope.

**kasiibuliiryo** *(a)kasiibuliiryo* n.12 farewell, goodbye • *Akusamba mupiira gwa kasiibuliiryo.* He is playing a farewell football game.

**kasiidi** *(a)kasiibuliiryo* n.12 stubborness, obstinacy • *Omwana oni ata n'akasiidi.* This child is pig-headed.

**kasiimo** [see also *kasembo*] *(a)kasiimo* n.12/14 token of appreciation, incentive, gratuity • *Abazirwaineku babawaire akasiimo kaabwe.* The war veterans were given a token of appreciation.

**kasiisa**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kasiisa* n.12/14 (a) insect, bug • *Modola eriiso nkutoolemu aka-* *siisa.* Open your eye so that I can remove the insect. (b) bacterium, germ, microbe • *Obusiisa bukwiza kukwingira omu kyoya ni waabba nga tokiswekereku kusai.* Bacteria will enter your wound if you don't cover it properly. (c) virus• *Omu Uganda mulimu obusiisa obwa mutaawana bwingi.* There are many deadly viruses in Uganda. (d) HIV virus • *Akasiisa ka namunywa kaleeta osiriimu.* HIV causes AIDS.

**kasiisa**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kasiisa* n.12/14 penis • *Akasiisa ka mwana kaliku ekirwaire.* The child's penis is infected.

**kasiisira** *(a)kasiisira* n.12/14 hut • *Asula mu kasiisira.* He sleeps in a hut.

**kasiite** *(a)kasiite* n.12/14 (prison) cell • *Bamutwaire mu kasiite.* He was taken to the cell.

**kasiiyani** *(a)kasiiyani* n.12 nymphomania (excessive sexual desire in a woman) • *Omukali wa kasiiyani takerwa.* A woman with nymphomania does not get sexually satisfied.

**kasimba** *(a)kasimba* n.12/14 genet • *Akasimba kalya enkoko.* The genet eats hens.

**kasimu** *(a)kasimu* n.12 small hoe • *Mpeerya akasimu nsake ekiina.* Give me a small sized hoe and I'll dig a hole.

**kasirabo** *(a)kasirabo* n.12/14 oribi (a small antelope) • *Akasirabo tinkabonangako kawuurambe.* I have never seen an oribi, I have only heard about it.

**kasiriikiiro**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kasiriikiiro* n.12 (a) span of time, period, interval • *Akasiriikiiro kabbaire ka maani okuzwa ni twasisinkaine.* It has been a long time since we met. (b) period of silence, quietness, truce, lull • *Nkuurayo akasiriikiiro.* I can hear a moment of silence.

**kasirumuko** *(a)kasirimuko* n.6 slope • *Mulekere nga aikire adi oku kasirimuko.* I left when he had reached the slope.

**kasisi** *(a)kasisi* n.12/14 small gourd • *Omwenge gunywere mu kasisi.* Take the alcohol from the small gourd.

**kasita** conj. as long as, provided that • *Ndoowo nsonga kasita waabba nga waira mu bwire.* There is no problem as long as you come back in time.

**kasobeza** *(a)kasobeza* n. ill behaved person • *Omwana kasobeza aibbire sente z'amaamwe.* The illbehaved child stole his mother's money. wrongly, incorrectly (e.g. to button wrongly)

**kasolo** *(a)kasolo* n.12/14 three legged ladder • *Leeta akasolo niinireku.* Bring the three-legged ladder and I will climb.

**kasolya** *(a)kasolya* n.12/14 roof • *Akanyonyi keemereire oku kasolya ka nyumba.* The bird is standing on the roof of the house.

**kasomerezi** *(a)kasomerezi* n.12 early morning sunshine • *Buliizo akasana akasomerezi kabba kasai.* The early morning sunshine is always good. **kasonga** *(a)kasonga* n.12/14 (a) tip •

*Kani niko kasonga ka isumu.* This is the tip of the spear. (b) apex (tip of a leaf) • *Kani niko kasonga ka kikoola.* This is the apex of the leaf.

**kasonooko** adv. slowly • *Atambula kasoonoko nka ekitaaniina.* He walks slowly like a snail.

**kasoobo** adv. slowly • *Lwaki okutambula kasoobo?* Why are you walking slowly?

**kasoonya**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kasoonya* n.1a the famine of 1918, which claimed many lives • *Yafeereire mu kasoonya wa 1918.* He died during the famine of 1918.

**kasoonya**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kasoonya* n.12 oldfashioned way • *Okusuubula abantu nkola ya kasoonya.* Selling people into slavery is an old-fashioned business.

**kasorooro** *(a)kasorooro* n.12 discrimination, intolerance • *Abantu abalina akasorooro ba kabbi omu bantu.* Those who practice discrimination are dangerous in a society.

**kasozi** *(a)kasozi* n.12/14 hill • *Akasozi kadi kaliku akagunguuli.* That hill has a steep slope.

**kasubba** *(a)kasubba* n.12/14 tuberculosis • *Obulwaire bwa kasubba bwingi omu Uganda.* Tuberculosis is rampant in Uganda.

**kasuka** *(oku)kasuka* v.tr. *kasukire* to throw, to toss • *Nkasukira ensone eyo.* Throw that knife to me.

**kasule** [see also *kasunsu*] *(a)kasule* n.12/14 crest, tuft of feathers on the head of a bird • *Osekoko abbaaku aka-* *sule.* A turkey has a crest.

**kasulu** *(o)kasulu* n.1a/10 elephant snout fish • *Kasulu kinage kikootomu.* The elephant snout fish is relatively big.

**kasulubbana** *(o)kasulubbana* n.1a/10 elephant snout fish (*Mormyrus kanume*) • *Olwaleero twalya kasulubbana.* Today we will eat the elephant snout fish.

**kasunsu** [see also *kasule*] *(a)kasunsu* n.12/14 crest, tuft of feathers on the head of a bird • *Waisungeerya abba n'akasunsu ku mutwe.* A hornbill has a small crest on the head.

**kasuume** *(a)kasuume* n.12 (a) trouble, danger, problems • *E Migyera waliyo akasuume.* There is trouble in Migyera. (b) accident • *Abantu abaagwire oku kasuume bafunire ebiwuta.* The people who were involved in the accident sustained injuries.

**kasuumi** *(a)kasuumi* n.12/14 small hoe used to plant especially groundnuts • *Kolesya kasuumi okusimba amaido.* Use a small hoe to plant groundnuts.

**kasuuni** *(a)kasuuni* n.12/14 small hoe, warren hoe • *Mpeerya akasuuni nsake ekiina.* Give me a warren hoe and I will dig a hole.

**kasuunyo** *(a)kasuunyo* n.12/14 whip, lash • *Omwana namusuunyire obusuunyo busatu bwonkai.* I only whipped the child three times.

**kasuunyu** [see *kasuunyo*]

**kasuuya** *(a)kasuuya* n.12/14 moustache • *Bamugembereku akasuuya.*

They shaved off his moustache.

**kasuuyai** [see *kasuuyi*]

**kasuuyi** *(a)kasuuyi* n.12/14 whisker • *Onjangwa alina obusuuyi.* The cat has whiskers.

**kasweko** *kasweko* adv. evening, dusk • *Yaizire kasweko.* He came at dusk.

**kaswiriri** *(a)kaswiriri* n.12/14 whisker • *Onjango abba n'obuswiriri.* The cat has whiskers.

**kasyatuuko** *(a)kasyatuuko* n.12/14 commotion • *Eisomero liiziremu akasyatuuko.* A commotion erupted in the school.

**kasyenene** adv. (a) evening, dusk • *Yayabiire mu kasyenene.* He left at dusk. (b) young brown she-goat • *Ombuli abyaire kasyenene.* The goat has produced a young brown shegoat.

**kasyolokota** *(oku)kasyolokota* v.intr. *kasyolokotere* (of a chameleon) to hiss • *Owuliire owalubu n'akusyolokota ?* Have you heard the chameleon hissing?

**kasyolokoto**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kasyolokoto* n.12 hiss of a chameleon • *Owuliire akasyolokoto ka walubu?* Have you heard the hiss of a chameleon?

**kasyolokoto**<sup>2</sup> adv. stealthily, in a cautious manner • *Omusaiza yayabire kasyolokoto.* The man left stealthily.

**kasyoma** *(o)kasyoma* n.1a purple colour • *Azwaire ebbulawuzi ya kasyoma.* She's wearing a purple blouse.

**kasyono** *(a)kasyono* n.12/14 *Acacia hockii* or *Acacia brevispica* (widespread acacia shrub or small tree ) • *Akasyono katamba ekikoolo. Acacia hockii* cures a cough.

**kataago** *(a)kataago* n.12/14 spleen • *Akataago ka mbuli kawooma.* Goat spleen is tasty.

**kataanu** [see also *(-)taanu*] num. (a) fifth (b) **mwezi gwa kataanu** May

**kataasa** *(a)kataasa* n.12/14 hand wash basin • *Engalo zinaabire mu kataasa.* Wash your hands in the hand wash basin.

**kataide** conj. (a) since, because, as • *Kataide nka niwaali omu lukiiko nkobera ebyalumu.* Since you attended the meeting, tell me what transpired. (b) firstly, first • *Kataide mpeeryamu akaire mbone ekikwiraku.* First give me some time and we'll see what happens. (c) alright, okay • *Kataide iza tubone.* Okay, come and we will see. (d) by the way • *Kataide naani yakutumire ani?* By the way, who sent you here?

**kataikatai** adv. (a) repeatedly, frequently • *Abbaire aiza ani kataikatai.* He has been coming here frequently. (b) in gulps• *Amaizi aganywire kataikatai.* He drank the water in gulps.

**katala**<sup>1</sup> *(a)katala* n.12/14 border between two villages • *Mmwakaireku omu katala akali akati wa Rwangaaga n' oKabaku.* I passed by him at the border between Rwangaaga and Kabaku.

**katala**<sup>2</sup> *(e)katala* n.9/10 compulsory assignment, assigned duty • *Maliriirye ekatala yange.* I have completed my compulsory assignment.

**katalatala** [see *katala*]

**katale** *(a)katale* n.12/14 market • *Ntunda ngoye omu katale.* I sell clothes at the market.

**katambaala** *(a)katambaala* n.12/14 (a) headscarf • *Yeebbwere akatambaala oku mutwe.* She is wearing a headscarf. (b) handkerchief • *Fulya omu katambaala.* Blow your nose using the handkerchief.

**katamiirayobyo** *(o)katamiirayobyo* n.1a/2 drunkard, alcoholic • *Oyo katamiirayobyo alwana muno.* That drunkard fights a lot.

**katandaalo** *(a)katandaalo* n.12/14 rack for utensils • *Naabya esaani ozite oku katandaalo.* Wash the plates and put them on the rack.

**kataragi** [see also *mutaragi*] *(a)kataragi* n.12/14 *Gardenia thunbergia* (white gardenia)

**kataraiga** *(a)kataraiga* n.12/14 type of a bird trap long enough to trap a number of birds at the same time

• *Nategere akataraiga ni nkwatisya enkowu.* I set a bird trap and it caught a guinea fowl.

**katarunkana** *(o)katarunkana* n.1a/2 wanderer, one who roams about • *Okatarunkana takulaakulana.* A wanderer does not prosper.

**kateera** *(o)kateera* n.1a/10 (a) hawk (common term for all birds of prey) • *Obuteera bukulya obukoko bwaiswe ebiro bini.* These days hawks eat our

chicks. (b) kite (a type of bird) • *Okateera aliire akakoko kange.* A kite has preyed on my chick.

**kateesigwa** *(o)kateesigwa* n.1a/2 untrustworthy person • *Omukali oyo kateesigwa kubba takuuma byama.* That woman is untrustworthy because she does not keep secrets.)

**kateeyamba** *(o)kateeyamba* n.1a/2 person with disability, disabled person • *Juna abaana abakateeyamba.* Help children with disabilities.

**kateica** *(o)kateica* n.1a/2 very poor person • *Okateica asabire omukinjaage ekifi ky'enyama.* A very poor person begged the butcher for a piece of meat.

**katemba** *(o)katemba* n.1a theatre play, drama, performance • *E Nakasongola ndooyo kifo gye bazeenyeera okatemba.* There is no place in Nakasongola where they perform theatre plays.

**katemeero** *(a)katemeero* n.12 long distance • *Waliwo akatemeero okwika ewaamwe.* It is a long distance to reach his home.

**katengeeto** *(a)katengeeto* n.12/14 swampy ground • *Abaana bagwa omu katengeeto.* Children get stuck in the swampy ground.

**katengeetyo** *(a)katengeetyo* n.12/14 tremor, trembling, shaking • *Omutenga aleetere akatengeetyo.* The earthquake caused a tremor.

**katengu** *(o)butengu* n.12/14 tattered cloth • *Olugoye lwamu lwafookere butengu.* Your cloth is tattered.

**katerega** *(a)katerega* n.12/14 small dark tilapia • *Tindya katerega.* I don't like eating small dark tilapia.

**katiba** *(a)katiba* n.12/14 frame for moulding bricks • *Akitaba akagazi kakola ebbulooka ezikooto.* A big moulding frame produces big bricks. **Katigo** *(o)Katigo* n.1a one of the gods among Banyala/Baruuli • *Abandi baramya Katigo.* Other people worship Katigo.

**katiiki** *(a)katiiki* n.12/14 broken piece, fragment • *Akatiiki ka giraasi kasobola okwita omuntu.* A broken piece of glass can kill a person.

**katiiribbaluka** adv. too much (used to describe someone who eats too much) • *Omusaiza oyo alya katiiribbaluka.* The man eats too much.

**katikisimu** *(e)katikisimu* n.9 <from En.> catechism • *Soma ekatikisimu yaamu.* Read your catechism.

**katikitiki** *(a)katikitiki* n.12/14 second (a sixtieth of a minute of time) • *Airukiirewo obutikitiki ikumu.* He

covered the distance in ten seconds. **katiko** *(a)katiko* n.12/14 mushroom • *Obutiko bumeere.* The mushrooms have germinated.

**katima ka gaali** *(a)katima ka gaali* n.12/14 valve • *Leeta akatima ka gaali tuboneku.* Please bring the bicycle valve and we will have a look.

**katimba** *(a)katimba* n.12/14 (a) fishing net • *Ako akatimba katega ncwi.* That net traps fish. (b) mosquito net • *Nsula mu katimba.* I sleep under a mosquito net.

**katindiro** *(a)katindiro* n.12/14 rack (for utensils), shelf • *Teeka esuwaani oku katindiro.* Put the plates on the rack.

**katinko** *(a)katinko* n.12 (a) fad, infatuation, short lived passion • *Omukali oyo ata n'akatinko.* That woman is infatuated. (b) intrusiveness, importunity • *Mutoolewo akatinko kaanywe.* Stop your intrusiveness.

**katinvuma** [see also *mukai*] *(a)katinvuma* n.12/14 blue-seeded snoutbean, hairy snoutbean (*Rhynchosia hirta*) • *Abagaya beizira katinvuma.* Abagaya belong to the *Rhynchosia hirta* clan.

**Kato** *(o)Kato* n.1a name given to the younger male twin • *Omulongo owakabiri bamweta Kato.* The second twin is called Kato.

**katogo** *(a)katogo* n.12 mixture of foods prepared together (e.g. beans with matoke) • *Omugenyi yaalya katogo.* The visitor will eat a mixture of foods.

**Katonda** *(o)Katonda* n.1a God • *OKatonda aliwo obwire bwona.* God is present all the time.

**katonde** *(a)katonde* n.12/14 central part of a room between two poles • *Akatonde ka nyumba bakombokere kusai.* The central part of the room was well constructed.

**katoogo** *(a)katoogo* n.12/14 cloth with stripes running vertically • *OMoses azwaire esaati eya katoogo.* Moses is wearing a cloth with vertical stripes.

**katooke** *(o)katooke* n.1a crude local gin • *Okatooke atamiirya muno.* Crude gin makes one very drunk.

**katuba** *(a)katuba* n.12 frame for moulding bricks • *Nkoorayo akatuba ka bbulooka.* Make for me a frame for moulding bricks.

**katuku** *(o)katuku* n.1a/2 lightskinned woman • *Omukali nasweire katuku.* I married a light-skinned woman.

**katumbugulu** *(a)katumbugulu* n.12/14 drumstick (the lower joint of the leg of a cooked chicken) • *Akatumbugulu ka nkoko kawooma.* The chicken drumstick is tasty.

**katunda** *(a)katunda* n.12/14 passion fruit, maracuya, granadilla (*Passiflora edulis*) • *OMandy ayendya muno okulya obutunda.* Mandy really loves eating passion fruit.

**katundai** [see *katunda*]

**katungulu** *(a)katungulu* n.12/14 onion • *Akatungulu bakansyeire.* They have sold me expensive onions.

**katungulucumu** *(a)katungulucumu* n.12/14 garlic • *Okatungulucumu awoomesya omukubi.* Garlic makes the sauce delicious.

**katunkuma** *(a)katunkuma* n.12/14 bitter berry, pea eggplant (*Solanum torvum*) • *Ntaka okulya okatunkuma.* I like eating bitter berries.

**katuuka** *(a)katuuka* n.12 orchitis (inflammation of testicles) • *Omusaiza oyo mulwaire wa katuuka.* That man is suffering from orchitis.

**katwogere** *(o)katwogere* n.1a/10 multi-coloured maize • *Omwaka guni naluma katwogere yenkai.* This season I only grew multi-coloured maize.

**kavuyo** *(a)kavuyo* n.12/14 confusion, mess• *Naani yali muwakuli wa kavuyo?* Who was the instigator of the strike?

**kawaali** *(o)kawaali* n.1a smallpox • *Abantu baafiire kawaali.* People died of smallpox.

**kawago** *(a)kawago* n.12 gall bladder • *Akawago ka ndogoyi kabba kakooto.* A horse's gall bladder is big.

**kawaisimba** *(a)kawaisimba* n.12/14 genet • *Akawaisimba kawunya muno.* A genet really stinks.

**kawaiyenje** *(a)kawaiyenje* n.12 dizziness • *Nkuuramu akawaiyenje.* I am feeling somewhat dizzy.

**kawakura** *(o)kawakura* n.1a/2 troublemaker, agitator • *Oyo kawakura ntalo.* That one is a troublemaker.

**kawalutwe** *(o)kawalutwe* n.1a/2 stunted, small, undersized • *Akaana kaamwe kawalutwe.* His child is undersized.

**kawaluzoka** *(o)kawaluzoka* n.1a/2 (of a child) malnourished • *Akaala kawaluzoka.* The girl is malnourished.

**kawandikisyo** *(a)kawandikisyo* n.12/14 pen (a general term for any writing device)• *Mpeerya akawandiikisyo.* Give me a pen.

**kawangiiryo**<sup>1</sup> *(a)kawangiiryo* n.12/14 handle • *Ensika ezwiremu* *akawangiiryo.* The hoe's handle has come off.

**kawangiiryo**<sup>2</sup> *(a)kawangiiryo* n.12 habit of accusing others falsely, habit of slander • *Abantu abamwe bata n'akawangiiryo.* Some people have a habit of accusing others falsely.

**kawango** *(a)kawango* n.12 mental disorder • *Abeeka egyo abakusinga bata n'akawango.* Most of the members of that family have a mental disorder.

**kawawa** *(o)kawawa* n.1a/10 horsefly, gadfly • *Okawawa agadya ebisolo.* Horse flies disturb animals.

**kaweefube** *(o)kaweefube* n.1a effort, attempt • *Tuli ku kaweefube wa kumaliirya nyumba.* We are making an effort to complete the house.

**kaweesi** *(o)kaweesi* n.1a/10 small black cricket (It is believed to be an omen of death if heard in a house at night.) • *Okaweesi alanga okufa.* The small black cricket is an omen of death.

**kaweewe** *(a)kaweewe* n.12 whisper• *Nawuulire nga bakunyumya mu kaweewe.* I heard them speaking in whispers.

**kawiiruwiiru** *(a)kawiiruwiiru* n.12/14 wheelbarrow • *Amaiza bagosomeera mu kawiiruwiiru.* They carry the water with the wheelbarrow.

**kawiiwi** *(a)kawiiwi* n.12/14 lake fly • *Omu biro bini mubbaamu okawiiwi mwingi.* There are too many lake

flies during this season.

**kawo** *(a)kawo* n.12 pea (*Pisum sativum*)

**kawoleero** *(a)kawoleero* n.12 silence • *Akawoleero kaakabbaawombe.* The silence has just started.

**kawondooro** *(a)kawondooro* n.12 vagina opening • *Ata n'ekirwaire oku kawondooro.* She has an infection of the vagina opening.

**kawooro** *(a)kawooro* n.12 condition in babies which requires them to be fed frequently, greed in babies

**kawoowo** *(a)kawoowo* n.12/14 perfume, scent • *Yekubbire akawoowo akasai.* She is wearing a nice perfume.

**kawuka** *(a)kawuka* n.12/14 (a) insect • *Akawuka kamunenere.* An insect has bitten him. (b) virus • *Akawuka ka Corona kanyookere mu nsi yoona.* The corona virus has become rampant in the entire world.

**kawulawula** *(a)kawulawula* n.12/14 lima bean (*Phaseolus lunatus*) • *Ebikoola bya kawulawula bitamba endwaire ya matwi omu baana.* Leaves of lima bean are used to cure ear infections in children.

**kawuli** [see *iwuli*] *(a)kawuli* n.12/14 fart egg, fairy egg, small yolkless egg laid by a hen beginning to lay

**kawuliirya** *(a)kawuliirya* n.12/14 blood pressure monitor, BP machine • *Omu irwaliiro ndoomu kawuliirya.* There is no BP machine in the hospital.

**kawulu** *(a)kawulu* n.12/14 (a) hole,

opening • *Enkinzo ebbaaku akawulu.* The sewing needle has a hole. (b) ventilator, fan • *enyumba ebbaaku obuwulu.* The house should have fans. (c) hide-and-seek (children's game) • *Abaana batera okuzeenya akawulu ni bali oku isomero.* Children often play hide-and-seek at school.

**kawulukutu** *(a)kawulukutu* n.12 otitis (inflammation of the ear) • *Oyo mulwaire wa kawulukutu.* He is suffering from otitis.

**kawulula** *(a)kawulula* n.12/14 Kivu tree frog (*Leptopelis kivuensis*, a small green frog believed to be very poisonous) • *Ombuli wange aliire akawulula.* My goat has eaten a Kivu tree frog.

**kawuluwulu** *(o)kawuluwulu* n.1a bitter berries • *Okutakunya kawuluwulu.* You are chewing bitter berries. **kawumpuli** *(o)kawumpuli* n.1a (a) plague (a contagious bacterial disease) • *Endwaire ya kawumpuli eita abantu baingi mu kaseera kadooli muno.* Plague kills many people in a short span of time. (b) type of god or spirit which causes a plague

**kawuna** *(a)kawuna* n.12/14 taro (*Colocasia esculenta*) • *Tinkutaka kulya buwuna.* I don't want to eat taro.

**kawunga** *(o)kawunga* n.1a/10 maize meal (mingled into paste) • *Emambya twalya kawunga.* Tomorrow we will eat a maize meal.

**kawunge** *(o)kawunge* n.1a/10 type of banana used for brewing local beer • *Embiire eni tugyeta kawunge.* This type of banana is called "kawunge". **kawungo** *(a)kawungo* n.12 mental disorder • *ONamusisi ataaku akawungo.* Namusisi has a mental disorder. **kawunguko** adv. fart egg, fairy egg, small yolkless egg laid by a hen beginning to lay • *Abbaireku ani kawunguko n'ayaba.* He was here briefly and left.

**kawunya** *(o)kawunya* n.1a/10 basil (*Ocimum basilicum*) • *Okawunya atamba ekinzi.* Basil cures flu.

**kawuujo** *(a)kawuujo* n.12/14 (a) spoon formed from a banana leaf for eating soup, banana leaf spoon (b) ventilator, fan • *Buli masiini eteekwa okubba n'akawuujo.* Every machine must have a fan.

**kawuukuumi** *(o)kawuukuumi* n.1a/10 grain weevil (*Sitophilus granarius*) • *Okawukuumi aliire ebiyimba byange.* The grain weevil has destroyed my beans.

**kawuunamiirya** *(a)kawuunamiirya* n.12 total silence • *Wabbairewo akawuunamiirya oIsabanyala ni yakire.* There was total silence when Isabanyala arrived.

**kayaata (a)kajungu** *(a)kayaata* n.12/14 Irish potato (UgE), potato (*Solonum tubersorum*) • *Obuyaata obujungu buzwa Ireland.* The Irish potato originated from Ireland.

**kayaayaana** *(a)kayaayaana* n.12/14 *Vernonia cinerea* (medicinal herb believed to bring blessings if used, it is usually used for bathing to bring

good fortune) • *Okayaayana banaabya enkeremba zibbe n'emikisa. Vernonia cinerea* is used to bathe babies to give them luck.

**kayaya** *(a)kayaya* n.12 body odour • *Omwala oyo ata n'akayaya.* That girl has body odour.

**kayinja** *(o)kayinja* n.1a/10 type of banana used to make local brew

**Kayizi** *(o)Kayizi* n.1a spirit or god responsible for hunting • *OKayizi ni yawa abayigi emikisa.* It is Kayizi who gives luck to hunters.

**kayizuli** [see *kaizuli*]

**kayovu** *(o)kayovu* n.1a/10 banana weevil (*Cosmopolites sordidus*) • *Okayovu azikya ensuku.* The banana weevil destroys banana plantations.

**kayuka** *(oku)kayuka* v.intr. *kayukire* (a) to be extremely angry, to become furious • *Oisemaka akayukire bundi llwa butalya kyamisana.* The head of the family is extremely angry because he missed lunch. (b) to be exhausted, to be very tired • *Nkayukire olwa mirimu egingi gye nkoore.* I am very exhausted from work. (c) (of sunshine) to shine very brightly • *Eisana likayukire.* The sun shines very brightly.

**kayula** *(oku)kayula* v.tr. *kaywire* to annoy, to disturb, to anger • *Yaba omukayule tubone kye yakola.* Go and annoy her and see what she will do.

**kayuukiyuuki** *(o)kayuukiyuuki* n.1a/10 *Lantana trifolia* (plant with small sweet purple berries used to

## treat hiccups)

**kayuuya** *(a)kayuuya* n.12/14 sickle • *Naani eyaibbire akayuuya kange akasala eisubi?* Who stole my sickle which I use to cut grass?

**kazeru** *(o)kazeru* n.1a/10 white calf • *Enyana ezikazeru bazitwaire.* The white calves have been taken away. **kazi** *(a)kazi* n.12 blood relationship • *Ndoowo kazi akati waamwe n'oSsembatya.* There is no relationship between her and Ssembatya.

**kazimyeizimye** *(a)kazimyeizimye* n.12 dusk, twilight • *Yayabire mu kazimyeizimye.* He left at dusk.

**kazindaalo** *(a)kazindaalo* n.12/14 (a) funnel • *Akazindaalo tukakolesya okusuka amafuta omu taala.* We use a funnel to pour paraffin in the lantern. (b) microphone • *Leeta akazindaalo nsimooreku.* Bring the microphone and I will use it to speak.

**kazindabakama** *(a)kazindabakama* n.12 tonsillitis • *Mulwaire wa kazindabakama.* He is suffering from tonsillitis.

**kaziyo** *(a)kaziyo* n.12/14 sticks used to play a small drum or xylophone • *Yaba omu katale ogule obuziyo.* Go to the market and buy sticks used to play a small sized drum.

**kazumu** *(a)kazumu* n.12 whirlwind, tornado, devil wind • *Akazumu kakambwire enyumba.* The tornado took the roof off of the house.

**kazumuzumu** [see *kazumu*]

**kazyo** [see *kaziyo*]

**kebbo** *(e)kebbo* n.9/10 <from En.> ca-

ble • *Eni kebbo ya masanyalaze omese agigugunire.* This power cable has been eaten by a rat.

**kebera** *(oku)kebera* v.tr. *kebeire* (a) to check, to look at • *Kebera omu kabada obone ni mwabba mulimu osukaali.* Check in the cupboard and see whether there is any sugar. (b) to examine, to study, to inspect, to test • *Kebera omwana oyo kusai leke weetegye ekikumuluma.* Examine that child properly and find out what she is suffering from.

**keeka** *(oku)keeka* v.tr. *keekere* to bother, to disturb, to trouble • *Bairange ti kisai kukeeka muntu buli bwire.* It is not good to bother someone every now and then.

**keeke** *(o)keeke* n.1a sticky sauce • *Asumbire okeeke ni tulya.* He prepared a sticky sauce, and we ate.

**keekeeya** *(oku)keekeeya* v.tr. *keekeeyere* to sieve, to filter • *Ntaka muno okukeekeeya obusye.* I like sieving powdered millet.

**keekereerya** *(oku)keekereerya* v.tr. *keekereirye* to use sparingly • *Kintu kisai okukeekereerya emere.* It is good to use food sparingly.

**keeki** *(e)keeki* n.9/10 <from En.> • *Obuwunga obunienuki babusumbamu keeki.* Fine flour is used for baking cakes.

**keera** *(oku)keera* v.intr. *keire* to be early • *Keera muno emambya.* Come very early tomorrow.

**keereerya** *(oku)keereerya* v.tr. *keereirye* to make empty promises to

• *Aba byabufuzi bakeereerya abantu.* Politicians make empty promises.

**keererwa** *(oku)kukeererwa* v.tr. <from Sw.> *keereirwe* to be too late to catch (e.g. a public vehicle), to miss, to have a delay • *Yakeereirwe ebbaasi n'emwakalaku.* He came late and missed the bus.

**keesi** *(e)keesi* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) suitcase (b) coffin • *Omufu bamuliika mu keesi.* A dead person is buried in a coffin.

**keewulyowulyo** *(a)keewulyowulyo* n.12/14 fontanelle • *Tinkuura akeewulyowulyo kaamwe nga kakubba.* I cannot feel the pulse of her fontanelle.

**keeya** *(oku)keeya* v.tr. *keeyere* to reduce, to decrease, to minimise • *Obulwaire bukeeya obwingi bw'abantu.* Diseases reduce the size of the population.

**keeyeeyo** *(a)keeyeeyo* n.12/14 *Sida tenuicarpa* (small bush with yellow flowers, parts of the bush are used for making brooms)

**keeyi** (e.g. *gakeeyi, bukeeyi, tukeeyi*) adj. (a) little, small amount • *Musigairemu obwita bukeeyi.* There is little millet flour left. (b) scarce, a few

• *Obutungulu eni ewaiswe bukeeyi.* Onions are very scarce here.

**keeyo** [see *keeyeeyo*]

**keezi kafiire** *(a)keezi kafiire* n.12 moonset • *Yaikiire mu keezi kafiire.* She came at moonset.

**keikeikei** adv. until morning, whole night • *Oikendi yatoonyere obwire* *keikeikei.* It rained throughout the night.

**keita** *(oku)keita* v.tr. *keitere* to spy, to observe, to gather intelligence • *Ayabire kubakeita asobole okumanya oba nga baibbi.* She has gone to spy on them to find out if they are robbers.

**keka** *(oku)keka* v.tr. *kekere* to slice, to cut, to chop • *Nkukeka muwogo wa kukolamu busye obwa namirantyo.* I am slicing cassava for making flour.

**kekeerya** *(oku)kekeerya* v.tr. *kekereirye* to slice, to cut, to chop • *Baabire kukekeerya muwogo.* They went to slice cassava.

**kekeeya** *(oku)kekeeya* v.tr. *kekeeyere* to sieve • *Naani eyakekeeya obwita olwaleero?* Who will sieve the millet today?

**kekeeyu** *(a)kekeeyu* n.12/14 sieve, filter • *Omusomesya yaguure akakeekeeyu akeekeeye obusye bwamwe.* The teacher bought a sieve to use it to sift the flour.

**kekera** *(oku)kekera* v.intr. *kekeire* (a) to cackle • *Onkoko oyo akekera muno.* That chicken cackles a lot. (b) (of guns) to fire • *Embundu zikukekera e Luwero.* The guns are firing in Luweero.

**kema** *(oku)kema* v.intr./tr. *kemere* (a) to groan, to moan, to whimper • *Omulwaire ka akukema bundi!* The patient is groaning a lot! (b) to coax, to flatter, to persuade, to sweet talk • *Mukeme obone ekyazwayo.* Coax him and see his reaction.

**kemenkeerya** *(oku)kemenkeerya* v.tr. *kemenkeirye* to coax, to flatter, to persuade, to sweet talk • *Lwaki okunkemenkeerya otyo?* Why are you flattering me to that extent?

**kemi** *(o)mukemi* n.1a/2 a person who seduces others • *OSitaani niye yaali omukemi wa Kaawa okulya ekibala ekyagaaniibwe.* Satan is the one who seduced Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.

**kemisitule** *(e)kemisitule* n.9 <from En.> chemistry • *Kubbaigulyaku ocuucu ali oku kitabo kyamu ekya kemisitule otandike okusoma.* Dust off the old chemistry book and start studying.

**kendai** num. nine thousand • *Alina embuli kendai.* She has nine thousand goats.

**kendebuka** *(oku)kendebuka* v.intr. *kendebukire* to grow slim, to lose weight, to slim • *Omwala waamwe akendebukire lwa namunywa.* His girl has lost weight due to HIV.

**kendeera** *(oku)kendeera* v.tr. *kendeire* to reduce, to make smaller, to decrease, to turn down • *Kendeeryaku oku ndasamaraka.* Turn the radio down a little.

**kenekera** *(oku)kenekera* v.tr. *kenekeire* to filter, to sieve, to filtrate • *Kenekera amaizi ago gakyafu.* Filter that water, it's dirty.

**kenenuka** *(oku)kenenuka* v.intr. *kenenukire* (a) to be emaciated • *Omulwaire akenenukire alina okulya emere ezimbisya omubiri.* The patient is

emaciated, he needs to eat food rich in proteins. (b) to be satisfied, to be content, to be persuaded • *Omusaiza waamu wamukobeire n'akenenuka.* You talked to your husband and he was satisfied.

**kenenula** *(oku)kenenula* v.tr. *kenenwire* (a) to filter, to strain, to sieve • *Kenenulamu omujenene.* Filter the honey. (b) to sort out, to select• *Kenenulamu ebigambo by'amakuru byonkai.* Sort out only the most important information.

**kenga** *(oku)kenga* v.tr. *kengere* to foresee, to anticipate • *Nabikengere bukyali ni nyiruka.* I foresaw what was coming and ran away.

**kengeita** *(oku)kengeita* v.tr. *kengeitere* to evade the main path or entrance • *Akengeitere eirembo n'ayakala oku ntando.* He avoided the main path and used the rear door.

**kengere** *(e)kengere* n.9/10 bicycle bell • *Egaali yange ginambula kengere.* My bicycle has no bell.

**keperya** *(oku)keperya* v.intr. *kepeirye* to limp • *Lwaki omwana oyo akukeperya?* Why is that child limping? to wander about, to roam around, to rove • *Omwana oyo akeperya oku kyalo.* That child roams around the village.

**keresya** *(oku)keresya* v.intr. *kereserye* to be disgusted, to be fed up • *Omukali oni ankereserye.* I am fed up with this woman.

**kereziya** *(e)kereziya* n.9/10 Catholic church • *Bombokere ekereziya egiyaa-* *ka.* They have built a new Catholic church.

**kerwa** *(oku)kerwa* v.intr. *keerwe* (a) to be tired • *Abbasirye n'aweerayo kubanga yakeerwe muno.* She slept deeply because she was too tired. (b) to be fed up with, to be sick of, to be annoyed with • *Nkeerwe ebintu by'oku nkola.* I am fed up with the way you are treating me.

**kerwi** adj. very tired, exhausted • *Abantu bakerwi olwa bwibbi obwakaliriirye omu kyalo.* The people are a very tired of the robberies going on in the village.

**kesa** *(oku)kesa* v.tr. *kesere* to harvest (millet or sorghum) • *Nkwaba kukesa bwita.* I am going to harvest millet. **ketula** *(oku)ketula* v.tr. *ketwire* to cut off a piece • *Nketuuraku kadooli.* Cut me a piece please.

**kewulyewulye** *(a)kawulyewulye* n.12/14 fontanelle • *Akewulyewulye ka mwana tikakubba kusai.* The child's fontanelle doesn't pulse normally.

**keyimbyo** *(a)keyimbyo* n.12 central point of heir growth

**ki-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 7 on verbs

**ki**2 interrog. what, which • *Okukoba ki?* What are you saying?

**kibaagi** *(e)kibaagi* n.7/8 slaughtering machete • *Tindina kibaagi kya kubaaga onte.* I don't have a machete to slaughter the cow.

**kibaara** [see also *mbaara*] *(e)kibaara* n.7/8 tsetse fly • *Ebibaara biree-* *ta endwaire ya nampongera.* Tsetse flies cause sleeping sickness.

**kibagalo** *(e)kibagalo* n.7/8 basket for fish • *Ebibagalo babitamburyamu ncwi.* Baskets are used to carry fish. **kibaganio** *(e)kibaganio* n.7/8 share, portion, part, ration, quota • *Buli muntu atwale ekibaganio kyamwe.* Every person should take her or his share.

**kibaize** *(e)kibaize* n.7/8 piece of furniture • *Nkoora ekibaize ekindi kini kikayirikire.* Make me another piece of furniture, this one has grown old. **kibaizo** *(e)kibaizo* n.7/8 part, piece • *Mpeeryaku ekibaizo kya muwogo oni.* Give me a piece of this cassava.

**kibaju** *(e)kibaju* n.7/8 calabash • *Yaboine ekibaju ekikooto omu katale.* He saw a large calabash in the market.

**kibala** *(e)kibala* n.7/8 fruit • *Uganda eta n'ebibala ebya njawulo bingi.* Uganda has a variety of fruits.

**kibalo** *(e)kibalo* n.7/8 calculation, computation, adding up, mathematics • *Ekibalo omwojo kye yakoore kifu.* The calculation done by the boy is wrong.

**kibamba** *(e)kibamba* n.7/8 extraordinary happening, misfortune, disaster, tragedy • *Kyali kibamba omaama okubbasya n'omutaani.* It was a tragedy for a mother to sleep with her own son.

**kibandwa** *(o)kibandwa* n.1a/2 (a) traditional priest • *Okibandwa aikire n'abantu abandi ab'ebitinisa.* The

traditional priest has arrived with many other honoraries. (b) possessed (by a demon, a spirit) • *Abo bakibandwa Baburuuli.* Those are the people from Buruuli possessed by spirits.

**kibango** *(e)kibango* n.7/8 trap used to fish mudfish • *Ekibango kyange kibuure.* My trap for fishing mudfish is missing.

**kibanja** *(e)kibanja* n.7/8 plot of land • *Nguure ekibanja.* I have bought a plot of land.

**kibaraazi** *(e)kibaraazi* n.7/8 (a) tragedy, pity, misfortune, disaster • *Kibaraazi kya maani ekya kufiirwa owakitiinisya Peter Nyombi.* It is a pity to lose Hon. Peter Nyombi. (b) broken heart • *ONandira ata n'ekibaraazi.* Nandira is heartbroken.

**kibaya** *(e)kibaya* n.7/8 saddle • *Omwana amugingiire mu kibaya.* She's carrying the baby in a saddle. **kibba** *(e)kibba* n.7/8 bundle of firewood, pile of firewood • *Kini kibba kya nkwi oNamusisi niye yakireetere.* This bundle of firewood was brought by Namusisi.

**kibbaaki** *(e)kibbaaki* n.7/8 shoulder bone • *Omusaiza odi ata n'ekibbaaki ekikooto.* That man has a broad shoulder bone.

**kibbaakiro** *(e)kibbaakiro* n.7/8 fermentation place • *Kini nikyo kibbaakiro kya busye.* This is the fermentation place for millet.

**kibbaala** *(e)kibbaala* n.7/8 tombstone • *Tindi bani aberyana abaku-* *kobanga okusanga onyibyala akiiri nsanga ekibbaala.* I am not like these daughters-in-law who would say "Instead of getting a mother-inlaw, I'd rather get a tombstone".

**kibbaale** *(e)kibbaale* n.7/8 (a) stone • *Ekibbaale kikwiringita.* The stone is rolling. (b) biceps • *Ekibbaale kya mukono ogulyo kikunduma.* My right biceps ache. (c) hernia • *Yafiire bulwaire bwa kibbaale.* He died of a hernia.

**kibbaata** *(e)kibbaata* n.7/8 testicle • *Onume wange bamwiyiremu amabbaata.* My bull's testicles were removed.

**kibbalu** *(e)kibbalu* n.7/8 sore on the skin believed to be caused by syphilis• *Ebibbalu obundi bireetebwa bisooni.* Skin sores are sometimes caused by syphilis.

**kibbaluka** *(e)kibbaluka* n.7 sudden death • *Afiire kibbaluka.* He died a sudden death.

**kibbambo** *(e)kibbambo* n.7/8 parcel, package, bundle • *Sindabula ekibbambo tubone ebiri munda.* Open the parcel and let's see what is inside.

**kibbambya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kibbambya* n.7/8 (a) daybreak, dawn, sunrise • *Waiza mu kibbambya.* You will come at daybreak. (b) **kibbambya (o)kusala** sunrise • *Okibbambya akusala.* The sun is rising.

**kibbambya**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kibbambya* n.7/8 patch, cover • *Ata n'ekibbambya oku itama ekyaligire oku kabenje ke yafunire.* He has a patch on the cheek

which was caused by the accident he sustained.

**kibbani** *(e)kibbani* n.7/8 (a) kitchen rack, kitchen shelf • *Mute amatooke oku kibbani.* Put the banana on the kitchen rack. (b) cluster or mantle of bees, bees bearding together • *Enzoki zicookere adi ni zikola ekibbani.* The bees have clustered together and made a mantle. (c) continent • *Ensi eriku ebibbani bimekai?* How many continents are there on this planet?

**kibbasirwa** *(e)kibbasirwa* n.7/8 bedding • *Atambula n'ebibbasirwa byamwe.* He walks around with his bedding.

**kibbasiryo** [see *kibbasyo*]

**kibbasyo** *(e)kibbasyo* n.7/8 (a) hostel, dormitory, guest house, accommodation • *Ani waliwo ekibbasyo kya bageni.* There is a visitors' hostel here. (b) (of animal) habitat • *Ongabi bumujumbutwire omu kibasyo kyamwe.* The bushbuck has been chased out of its habitat.

**kibbatata** *(e)kibbatata* n.7/8 heap of faeces, pile of shit • *Naani anieire ani ekibbatata kya mabbi?* Who has excreted here a heap of faeces?

**kibbe kityo** interj. amen (expression used show confirmation or agreement) • *Kibbe kityo.* Amen. (lit. Be it that way.)

**kibbeero** *(e)kibbeero* n.7/8 mixture of foods prepared together • *Tuliire kibbeero kya matooke, enyama, ebiyimba n'ebinyeebwa.* We ate a mixture

of matoke, meat, beans and groundnuts.

**Kibbeewo** *Kibbeewo* n.1a name given to a child whose paternity is doubted

**kibbetebbete** *(e)kibbetebbete* n.7/8 thick soup • *Omukubi asumbire kibbetebbete.* She has prepared a thick soup.

**kibbi** *(e)kibbi* n.7/8 sin, evil, corruption, wrongdoing • *Kanca atuganyire ebibbi byaiswe.* God should forgive our sins.

**kibbiinikira** *(e)kibbiinikira* n.7/8 (a) cover, lid • *Ekyolooni kiteeku ekibbiinikira.* Put a cover on the latrine. (b) bird trap which looks like a cover

• *Ekinyonyi nkitegeserye kibbiinikira.* I trapped the bird with a trap.

**kibbomboizi** *(e)kibbomboizi* n.7/8 ash pit • *Eikoke ndisukire ku kibbomboizi.* I poured the ash into the ash pit.

**kibbonde** *(e)kibbonde* n.7/8 one-dayfermented brew, fresh local beer • *Abaana abato banywa kibbonde kubba tikitaamirya.* Young children drink fresh fermented beer because it does not make them drunk.

**kibbonge** *(e)kibbonge* n.7/8 shank (lower part of an animal's foreleg) • *Onte abba n'ekibbonge kikooto.* The cow has a big shank.

**kibbooke** *(e)kibbooke* n.7/8 sweet potato mound • *Yakabbooka ebibbooke bitaanu okuliga ni bwakeire.* He has dug only five sweet potato mounds since morning.

**kibbubbu** *(o)kibbubbu* n.1a/2 mute person • *Okibbubbu tabaza era tawuura.* A mute person can neither talk nor hear.

**kibbututu** *(e)kibbututu* n.7/8 cluster of sprouting mushrooms • *Ani waliwo ekibbututu.* There is a cluster of sprouting mushrooms.

**kibbuura** *(e)kibbuura* n.7/8 (a) heap, pile • *Yaguure ekibbuura kya muwogo ku bbeeyi layisi.* She bought a heap of cassava cheaply. (b) area with dense grass, compact grass • *Adi waliwo ekibbuura ky'eisubi.* There is an area with dense grass. (c) settlement of closely related people • *Abagisu babba omu kibbuura.* The Gisu people stay in settlements of closely related people.

**kibbuuru** *(e)kibbuuru* n.7/8 (d) clique, gang • *Awo wataawo ekibbuuru ky'abaibbi.* There is a gang of thieves there.

**kibbuuta** *(o)kibbuuta* n.1a/10 good looking young piglet • *Ekibbuuta kya mberege kini kigula sente zinkai?* How much does this good-looking piglet cost?

**kibeere**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kibeere* n.7/8 black monket thorn, Senegalia burkei from the acacia burkie Benth family

**kibeere**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kibeere* n.7/8 udder • *Onte wange alina ekibeere kikooto baitu tazwamu matai gakumala.* My cow has a big udder, but it does not produce enough milk.

**kibegabega** *(e)kibegabega* n.7/8 shoulder • *Ekibbambo akigingiire ku* *kibegaabega.* He is carrying the parcel on his shoulder.

**kibende**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kibende* n.7/8 fishing basket • *Ebinage mbiitisya bibende.* I fish tilapia using a fishing basket.

**kibende**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kibende* n.7/8 iron ore • *Ekyoma kizwa mu kibende.* Iron is smelted from iron ore.

**kibende**<sup>3</sup> *(e)kibende* n.7/8 raffia skirt (a dancing costume for girls or women) • *Omubini mubbwe ekibende atubiniremu.* Tie a raffia skirt around the dancer and she will dance for us.

**kibero** *(e)kibero* n.7/8 (of a person) thigh, lap • *Ata n'ekibero kikooto.* She has big thighs.

**kibiikiro** *(e)kibiikiro* n.7/8 store • *Kini nikyo kibiikiro kya mwani.* This is the coffee store.

**kibiina** *(e)kibiina* n.7/8 (a) crowd • *Yete kidi ekibiina kya bantu?* What about the other crowd of people? (b) association, organisation, cooperative, party • *Tuta n'ekibiina kyaiswe ekya bakali abasuubuli.* We have an association for female traders. (c) classroom, class • *Aingiire mu kibiina kusomesya baana.* She entered the classroom to teach the pupils. (d) **kibiina ky'abaikiriza** flock (a Christian congregation or body of believers) • *Ekanisa kibba kibiina ky'abaikiriza.* The church is a flock of believers.

**kibimbe** *(e)kibimbe* n.7/8 fishing net for lung fish • *Ngulisyaku ekibimbe n'akusasula ni nfunire esente.* Please buy me a fishing net for lung fish, I will pay you when I get the money.

**kibingo** *(e)kibingo* n.7/8 reed torch (sticks tied together and lit to provide light at night) • *Ebibingo tubiitisya enswa.* We use the traditional reed torch when harvesting flying termites.

**kibira** *(e)kibira* n.7/8 forest, wood(s) • *Omwibbi ali mu kibira.* The thief is in the forest.

**kibiribiri** *(e)kibiribiri* n.7 fever, malaria • *Omwana alwaire kibiribiri nikyo kikumukunja.* The child has a fever, that is what is making her cry. **kibiriiti** *(e)kibiriiti* n.7/8 match box • *Leeta ekibiriiti leke twakye omuuro tusumbe.* Bring the match box, and we'll make fire for cooking.

**kibiriizi** *(e)kibiriizi* n.7/8 *Vernonia amygdalina* (plant whose leaves and roots are used to treat malaria) • *Ekibiriizi kitamba ekibiribiri.* Vernonia amygdalina cures malaria.

**kibobe** *(e)kibobe* n.7 thick-yellowish mucus usually with a bad smell • *Omwana bamutwaire mu irwaro nga akuzwamu ekibobe.* They took the child to the hospital because his mucus was thick and yellow.

**kibondo** *(e)kibondo* n.7/8 cocoon • *Omwana baamwokoire, naye tibaamutoiremu bibondo kya njunzai.* Jiggers were removed from the child's feet, but the cocoons were not.

**kibonerezo** *(e)kibonerezo* n.7/8 punishment, penalty, disciplining • *Ekibonerezo yafunire kya maani.* He got

a severe punishment.

**kibonwomwei** *(o)kibonwomwei* n.1a/10 comet, meteorite, shooting star A shooting star fulfils a wish.

**kibooberyo** *(e)kibooberyo* n.7/8 traditional pot used as a food flask • *Ekibooberyo kikolesebwa okubugumya emere.* The traditional food flask is used to keep food warm.

**kiboobo** *(e)kiboobo* n.7 loud cry • *Yakubbire ekiboobo ni yaboine omulambo gwa ite waamwe.* She cried out loudly on seeing the body of her father.

**kibu** *(e)kibu* n.7/8 meal • *Abooro balya ekibu kimwei.* The poor eat one meal a day.

**kibuga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kibuga* n.7/8 city, town • *Kampala nikyo kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu.* Kampala is Uganda's capital city.

**kibugu**<sup>2</sup> [see also *kimbugumbugu*] *(o)kibugu* n.1a/10 vampire bat • *Okibugu alya emiyembe.* Vampire bats eat mangoes.

**kibugutu** *(e)kibugutu* n.7/8 coarse bark cloth, unrefined bark cloth • *Yebbwere ekibugutu.* He is wearing coarse bark cloth.

**kibula** *(e)kibula* n.7 direction where Muslims face during their prayer, direction of Khabba • *Abasiraamu baloleera omu kibula nga bakusaala.* Moslems face in the direction of Khabba during prayers.

**kibuluga** *(e)kibuluga* n.7/8 sauce made from roasted groundnuts • *Ekibuluga kiwooma.* Sauce made from

roasted groundnuts is tasty.

**kibulwa** *(o)kibulwa* n.1a/2 <from taboo> without pubic hair, a person who naturally does not grow pubic hair • *Omusaiza oyo ata kibulwa.* That man has no pubic hair.

**kibumbe** *(e)kibumbe* n.7/8 piece of pottery • *Awo waabbangawo ekibumbe kya mukama.* There used to be a piece of pottery for the chief.

**kibunguura** *(e)kibunguura* n.7/8 caterpillar • *Ekibunguura kitiinisya abaana.* The caterpillar scares children.

**kibunwomwei** *(e)kibunwomwei* n.7/8 flying saucer • *Ekibunwomwei kyakaire.* The flying saucer has passed.

**kibuulyo** *(e)kibuulyo* n.7/8 question, examination • *Ambwirye ebibuulyo bisatu.* She asked me three questions.

**kibuura** *(o)kibuura* n.1a/2 (of a woman) with tiny breasts • *Abakali bakibuura babba n'amatai gaingi.* Women with small breasts usually have a lot of breast milk.

**kibuuzo** [see *kibuulyo*]

**kibya** *(e)kibya* n.7/8 clay dish • *Nje ndiira mu kibya.* I eat from a clay dish.

**kicandecande** *(e)kicandecande* n.7/8 sunflower • *Obutto tumwiya omu bicandecande.* We make oil from sunflowers.

**kicapati ibbumba** [see also *capati*] *(e)kicapati* n.7/8 clay sheet • *Nkoorayo ekicapati kya ibbumba ntaka ku-* *bumba kinaga.* Make me a clay sheet, I would like to make a pot.

**kicola** *(e)kicola* n.7/8 curse, spell • *Omusaiza oyo ata n'ekicola.* That man has a spell on him.

**kiconco** *(e)kiconco* n.7/8 talent • *Ata n'ekiconco kya kwemba.* She has a talent for music.

**kicoobi** *(e)kicoobi* n.7/8 big pot used to keeping local brew • *Okwete musuke omu kicoobi.* Pour the local brew into the big pot.

**kicooli** *(e)kicooli* n.7/8 maize • *Yanika ebicooli bikale.* Put the maize out to dry.

**kicu** [see also *kiiguru*] *(e)kicu* n.7/8 (a) cloud • *Oku iguru ndooku bicu.* There are no clouds in the sky. (b) **kicu kya ikendi** nimbus cloud

**kiculo** *(e)kiculo* n.7/8 twitch (of any part of the body), muscle spasm • *Nkuwuura ekiculo oku riiso.* I feel a twitch in my eye.

**kicumuko**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kicumuko* n.7/8 bellows • *Ekicumuko kirai?* Where are the bellows for lighting the fire?

**kicumuko**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kicumuko* n.7/8 labelling tool • *Leeta ekicumuko tulambe ebidomola byaiswe.* Bring the labelling tool and let's label our jerry cans.

**kicuucu** adv. hastily, hurriedly, speedily • *Yairukire kicuucu.* He ran hastily.

**kicwantai** *(e)kicwantai* n.7/8 sputum • *Ekicwantai kyalangire bulwaire bwa kasubba.* The sputum revealed tuberculosis.

**kicweka** *(e)kicweka* n.7/8 (a) part, portion, segment • *Ekicweka kini kikyali kigazi.* This part is still wide. (b) region, area • *Ekicweka kya bugwaisana kikooto.* The western region is big. (c) half • *Enca bagyawiiremu ebicweka bibiri.* The country was divided into two halves. (d) (chapter of the Bible • *Soma omu Yokaana ekicweka ekya kasatu, olunyiriri olwa ikumi na mukaaga.* Read John, chapter three, verse sixteen.

**kida** *(e)kida* n.7/8 belly, stomach, abdomen • *Yawutaizibwe ekida eigolo.* She hurt her belly yesterday.

**kidaada** *(e)kidaada* n.7 cirrhosis • *Mulwaire wa kidaada.* He is suffering from cirrhosis.

**kidagado** *(e)kidagado* n.7/8 inner flap of a gomesi • *Abakali babiika esente omu kidagado.* Women keep money in the inner flap of a gomesi. **kidambula** *(e)kidambula* n.7/8 <from archaic> coin • *Mpeeryayo ebidambula bitaano.* Give me five coins.

**kidandali** *(e)kidandali* n.5/6 (a) social centre, community centre • *Baabire mu kidandali.* They have gone to the social centre. (b) bar • *Ayabire mu kidandali kunywa mwenge.* She has gone to the bar to drink alcohol. **kideero** *(e)kideero* n.7/8 (a) granary • *Obwita bute omu kideero.* Put the millet in the granary. (b) dictionary, lexicon • *Tukukola kideero kya Lunyala n'o Ruruuli.* We are making a Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary. (c) **ki-** **deero kya makuru** encyclopaedia • *Toolya ekigambo ekyo omu kideero kya makuru.* Look up that word in the encyclopaedia.

**kidewu** *(e)kidewu* n.7/8 weevil which eats dry meat • *Ekidewu kibba kiraguzu.* The weevil which eats dry meat is black.

**kidi** [see *(-)di*]

**kidiba** *(e)kidiba* n.7/8 water pool

**kidima** *(e)kidima* n.7/8 hoe • *Akwaite kidima.* He is digging. (lit. He is handling the hoe.)

**kidomo** *(e)kidomo* n.7/8 (a) bay, inlet, gulf • *Enyanja ya kyoga erina ekidomo.* Lake Kyoga has a bay. (b) milk container • *Amatai ngasukire mu kidomo.* I poured the milk into the milk container.

**kidomola** *(e)kidomola* n.7/8 jerry can • *Ekidomola kini kya maizi otataamu matai.* This jerry can is for water, do not put milk in it.

**kidondompaala** [see *kidongompaara*]

**kidondooro** *(e)kidondooro* n.7/8 (a) type of pot (used to store maize, millet flour, as well as money for the occasion of unexpected needs) • *Omu nyumba mulimu ekidondooro kya busye.* There is a pot of millet flour in the house. (b) traditional purse • *Esente za mere nzitaire mu kidondooro.* I kept the money for the food in the purse.

**kidongo** *(e)kidongo* n.7/8 (a) music • *Ekidongo ekyo kikukokoomeera ayi?* Where is that music coming from? (b) musical instrument • *Ekidongo ekyo mmaite okukikubba.* I know how to play that musical instrument. (c) disco • *Omwojo yalaire mu kidongo.* The boy spent the night in the disco.

**kidongompaara** *(e)kidongompaara* n.7/8 type of poisonous caterpillar with spikes • *Obulungu bwa kidongompaara bubba bwandi.* Caterpillar spikes are very dangerous.

**kidoome**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kidoome* n.7/8 calabash • *Amaizi ngasukire mu kidoome.* I poured the water into a calabash.

**kidoome**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kidoome* n.7/8 path which goes through a papyrus swamp • *Ekidoome kyawo kinyamulai.* The path through the papyrus swamp is long.

**kiduba** *(e)kiduba* n.7/8 water pool • *Omwana akusaanyira mu kiduba.* The child is swimming in the water pool.

**kidukano** *(e)kidukano* n.7 diarrhoea • *Yaweiremu amaizi omu mubiri lwa kidukano.* He lost a lot of water due to diarrhoea.

**kiduma** *(e)kiduma* n.7/8 (a) lung fish trap (trap used for trapping fish

**kidumu** *(e)kidumu* n.7/8 (b) culvert, drain, gutter • *Ebidumu bijuna okugadula amaizi okuzwa mu nzira.* Culverts help to channel water away from the roads.

**kidunduulu** *(e)kidunduulu* n.7/8 basket for fish • *Encwi zite mu kidunduulu.* Put the fish into the fish basket. **kiduudu** *(e)kiduudu* n.7/8 coucal •

*Ekiduudu kimaite okupima obwire.* Coucals know how to keep time.

**kiduukulu** *(e)kiduukulu* n.7/8 granary • *Ekiduukulu kyange kikairikire.* My granary has gotten old.

**kiduula** *(e)kiduula* n.7/8 (a) fun group • *Omusaiza oyo ataka muno okwaba omu biduula.* That man really likes joining fun groups. (b) concert, concert hall • *Ayabire mu kiduula kubina.* She has gone to a concert to dance.

**kiduuli** *(e)kiduuli* n.7/8 the Kiruuli way, ways of the Baruuli people, the Kiruli style • *Abinire kiduuli.* She danced in the Kiruuli style.

**kiduuma** *(e)kiduuma* n.7/8 maize • *Ontaama akulya ekiduuma.* The sheep is eating maize.

**kiduumaduuma** *(e)kiduumaduuma* n.7/8 plantation where maize has been harvested • *Ebiyaata mbibbookere mu kiduumaduuma.* I grew potatoes on the plantation that originally had maize.

**kidyeri** *(e)kidyeri* n.7/8 ferry • *Atambuliire ku kidyeri.* She went with a ferry.

**kifaafa** *(o)kifaafa* n.1a/10 (a) animal which habitually loses its young ones • *Okifaafa mutundire.* I sold the animal which habitually loses its young ones. (b) carnivorous hen • *Onkoko okifaafa alya amawuli gaabika.* A carnivorous hen eats eggs which she lays. (c) useless person • *Odi omukali kifaafa.* That woman is useless.

**kifaananyi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kifaananyi* n.7/8 (a) diagram, drawing, picture • *Kubba ani ekifaananyi kya Paapa.* Draw a picture of the Pope here. (b) photo • *Kini kifaananyi kya nguli maamwe.* This is a photo of her late mother.

**kifene** *(e)kifene* n.7/8 jackfruit • *Ekifene kibba n'amasanda gaingi.* The jackfruit has a lot of sap.

**kifi** *(e)kifi* n.7/8 piece of meat, slice of meat • *Nfunire ebifi bibiri.* I got two pieces of meat.

**kifiini** *(e)kifiini* n.7/8 bad luck, misfortune • *Omwojo oyo ata n'ekifiini.* That boy has bad luck.

**kifo** *(e)kifo* n.7/8 (a) place, area • *Mmufuniire ekifo ekindi ekyakubbasyamu.* I have secured another place for him to stay in. (b) fort, castle • *Buli mukama abba n'ekifo kyamwe.* Every king must have his own castle. (c) post, position • *Ayemereire ku kifo kya isentebe.* He is running for the post of chairperson. (d) **(o)mu kifo kya** instead of • *Abaana bakugulukambe omu kifo kya kusoma.* The children are simply jumping instead of studying.

**kifubba** [see *kisubba*]

**kifugi** *(e)kifugi* n.7/8 veranda • *Aikaire ku kifugi kya nyumba yaamwe.* She is sitting on the veranda of her house.

**kifuka** *(e)kifuka* n.7/8 overnight leftovers • *Omugenyi ataali mulage alya bifuka.* An expected guest eats leftovers. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb) **kifundikwa** *(e)kifundikwa* n.7/8

knot, tie • *Yaboine ekifundikwa kya lubugo.* He saw a knot made of bark cloth.

**kifundukwa** *(e)kifundukwa* n.7/8 (a) knot • *Omukaire abbwere ekifundukwa ku gomesi.* The old woman had tied a knot on the gomesi. (b) official garment • *Omugwetwa bamujwekere ekifundukwa eky'obugwete.* The heir has been adorned in his official garment of inheritance.

**kifunjo** *(e)kifunjo* n.7/8 rectum • *Amabbi gabba mu kifunjo.* Faeces are found in the rectum.

**kifurukwa** *(e)kifurukwa* n.7/8 abandoned house • *Ndina abaana be naboine nga babasirye omu kifurukwa.* I saw some children sleeping in an abandoned house.

**kifuutuulyo** *(e)kifuutuulyo* n.7/8 location of a scuffle e.g. for a fight or struggle • *Ekifuutuulyo kiri mu musiri gwa bwita.* The location of the scuffle was in the millet field.

**kigaali**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kigaali* n.7/8 wheelbarrow, wooden cart • *Ombuli omulwaire bamutwaliire omu kigaali.* The sick goat was carried in a wooden cart.

**kigaali**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kigaali* n.7/8 foot fissure, foot crack, cracked heel • *Oyo mulwaire wa bigaali.* He is suffering from foot fissures.

**kigabanyo** *(e)kigabanyo* n.7/8 piece of gourd • *Ekigabanyo kisena mwenge.* A piece of gourd is used to scoop the local brew.

**kigabo** *(o)kigabo* n.1a/10 black cow

with white patches • *Okigabo mulwaire.* The black cow with white patches is sick.

**kigadigadi** *(e)kigadigadi* n.7/8 wheelbarrow, cart • *Ofene bamutwallire omu kigadigadi.* The jackfruit was transported in a wheelbarrow.

**kigagi** *(e)kigagi* n.7/8 aloe vera • *Ekigagi kitamba endwaire zingi.* Aloe vera treats many diseases.

**kigala** *(e)kigala* n.7/8 sheath • *Eisumu alitoire omu kigala.* He removed the spear from its sheath.

**kigalanga** *(e)kigalanga* n.7/8 hem (for smoking opium) • *Ateire enjaaye omu kigalanga.* He put the opium in the hem.

**kigambo** *(e)kigambo* n.7/8 (a) word, issue • *Simoolayo ebigambo bisatu.* Say three words. (b) **kigambo kya Kanca** gospel • *Ayabire kuliisya kigambo kya Kanca.* He has gone to preach the gospel.

**kiganda**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiganda* n.7/8 pile, heap, stack • *Kini kiganda kya yobyo.* This is a pile of spider weed.

**kiganda**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiganda* n.7/8 Ganda way, style, code • *Enzwala eni ya kiganda.* This is the Ganda style of dressing.

**kigango** *(e)kigango* n.7/8 temporary structure to serve as a tent or hall

**kiganico** *(e)kiganico* n.7/8 poem, verse • *Amaite okutontoma ebiganico.* He knows how to recite poems.

**kiganja** *(e)kiganja* n.7/8 (a) palm (of a hand) • *Abalaguli bakebera ebiseera ebiri mu kiganja ne bakobera omu-* *ntu emikisa gyamwe.* Fortune tellers use the lines on one's palm to foretell luck. (b) sole (of the foot) • *Amawa gamusumitire oku kiganja.* Thorns pricked the sole of his foot. (c) palm (as a measure) • *Olubaawo luni ndupimireku ebiganja binai.* This timber measures four palms wide.

**kiganyiro** *(e)kiganyiro* n.7/8 forgiveness, amnesty • *OMuseveni yawaire ekiganyiro edi abaali bayekeera ba ADF.* Museveni gave amnesty to the former ADF rebels.

**kigaragamba** *(e)kigaragamba* n.7/8 scale (of fish and reptiles) • *Ekinage kibba n'ebigaragamba ebikooto.* Tilapia has big scales.

**kigega** *(e)kigega* n.7/8 (a) basket • *Suka ebiyimba omu kigega.* Pour the beans into the basket. (b) suitcase • *Omukali atambwire n'akagega kaamwe.* The woman has left with her small suitcase.

**kigendeerwa** *(e)kigendeerwa* n.7/8 intention, intent, goal, objective • *Ebigendeerwa byamwe edi eiyanga bisai.* He has good intentions for this country.

**kigenyi** *(e)kigenyi* n.7 meal for the spirits, feast for the spirits • *Bakibandwa bakoora embandwa ekigenyi buli luzwanyuma lwa kaire.* Traditional priests periodically prepare a feast for the spirits.

**kigere** *(e)kigere* n.7/8 <from Lug.> (a) foot (b) peddle (of a bicycle) • *Ekigere kya gaali yaamu kitiikire.* The peddle of your bicycle has broken.

**kigero** *(e)kigero* n.7/8 (a) size, weight • *Timmaite kigero kya nkaito gy'azwala.* I don't know his shoe size. (b) appropriateness, suitability • *Abantu abamwe bakwebuulya oku kigero kyamwe oku byakwesimbawo.* Some people are questioning the appropriateness of his candidature.

**kigiisiri** *(e)kigiisiri* n.7/8 rumen • *Abaganda bataka muno okulya ekigiisiri.* The Baganda love eating rumen.

**kigimusa** *(e)kigimusa* n.7/8 fertiliser • *Eitakali liteemu ekigimusa.* Add fertilisers to the soil.

**kigingi** *(e)kigingi* n.7/8 wheel stopper • *Taayo ekigingi emotoka ereke kuseeseetuka.* Use a wheel stopper to stop the vehicle from sliding.

**kigingiryo** *(e)kigingiryo* n.7/8 stretcher, gurney • *Bamutwaliire ku kigingiryo kubba mulwaire.* He has been taken away on a stretcher because he is sick.

**kigino** *(e)kigino* n.7/8 (a) larva, maggot • *Omuyembe gwenguure gubbairemu ekigino.* The mango I bought had a maggot inside. (b) maggot which causes myiasis • *Singa ekigino kikuyingira omu mubiri kiyinza okuleetera ekirwaire.* Maggots can cause myiasis if they get into human skin. **kigo** *(e)kigo* n.7/8 (a) fence • *Eka yaamwe eriku ekigo.* His house has a fence. (b) fort, fortress, citadel, stronghold • *Ekigo kya mukama oKoojo kyali Kirasa.* King Koojo's fort was in Kirasa.

**kigodo** *(e)kigodo* n.7/8 skin (edible part of the skin of an animal, e.g. the fatty part of pork) • *Omberege abba n'ekigodo ekinoli.* The pig has fatty skin.

**kigoga** *(e)kigoga* n.7/8 storehouse for threshed grain, • *Amatooke mugateeke oku kigoga.* Put the bananas into the granary.

**kigogo** *(e)kigogo* n.7/8 (a) banana plant, matoke plant • *Ekigogo tikibba na muzi gulai.* The banana plant has no tap root. (b) banana stem • *Mukolesye ebigogo okukola enkondo za kigango.* Use banana stems as poles to build a shade. (c) banana fibre • *Nkolesya bigogo okuluka ebiibbo.* I use banana fibre to make baskets.

**kigoigoi** *(e)kigoigoi* n.7/8 sisal (*Agave sisalana*) • *Egavumenti etukubiriize okuluma ebigoigoi.* The government is encouraging us to grow sisal.

**kigoigwe** *(e)kigoigwe* n.7/8 sisal bundle • *Ekigoigwe kiziringukire.* The sisal bundle has uncoiled.

**kigoiti** *(e)kigoiti* n.7/8 pestle • *Ekigoiti kyange kikairikire.* My mashing pestle has grown old.

**kigomba** *(e)kigomba* n.7/8 dried matoke • *Ebigomba babirya kwa nzala.* Dried matoke is eaten during famine.

**kigombe** *(e)kigombe* n.7/8 (a) cemetery, graveyard, burial ground • *Kini nikyo kigombe kya bakama.* This is the cemetery for royalty. (b) calf hutch • *Enyana zingiire omu kigo-* *mbe.* The calves entered the calf hutch.

**kigondi** *(e)kigondi* n.7/8 sagging back of the head • *Omukali ata n'ekigondi.* The back of the woman's head is saggy.

**kigondya** *(e)kigondya* n.7/8 bare stem of a banana bunch • *Ebigondya babita ansi omu kinaga nga bakwaba okusumba.* They put the bare banana stems into a saucepan when they are going to cook (them by steaming).

**kigongeryo** *(e)kigongeryo* n.7/8 nuisance, annoyance, problem, annoying situation • *Olwaleero nfunire ebigongeryo bibiri.* Today I was faced with two annoying situations.

**kigoodi** *(e)kigoodi* n.7/8 circle, ring • *Tukole ekigoodi leke tubine.* Let us make a circle and dance.

**kigoodo** [see *kigoodi*]

**kigooli**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kigooli* n.7/8 hair style with hair on top and no hair at the bottom of the head • *Abasigazi ba biro bini bendya muno okusala ekigooli.* Young people these days love to shave their hair in a style which leaves hair on top but no hair on the lower part of the head.

**kigooli**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kigooli* n.7/8 lake plant with potato-like tubers eaten during famine

**kigu** *(e)kigu* n.7/8 U-turn • *Yakoore ekigu omu nzira akati.* He made a Uturn in the middle of the road.

**kigubbi** adj. dirty • *Omusaiza oyo buliizo abba kigubbi.* That man is always dirty.

**kigugunubulyo** *(e)kigugunubulyo* n.7/8 peeled off bark of a tree • *Ebigugunubulyo bya musaale babisumbisya.* Peeled off tree bark is used for cooking.

**kigugunya** *(e)kigugunya* n.7/8 bottom of a pot • *Ekigugunya kikutoonya.* The bottom of the pot is leaking.

**kiguju** *(e)kiguju* n.7/8 young pumpkin • *Tuliire biguju olwaleero.* We ate young pumpkins today.

**kigulu** *(e)kigulu* n.7/8 foot • *Eyiwa limusumitire omu kigulu.* His foot was pricked by a thorn.

**kigulugunya** *(e)kigulugunya* n.7/8 bare stem of a banana bunch • *Ekigulugunya kya matooke nkini.* Here is the bare stalk from the banana bunch.

**kiguluke** *(e)kiguluk(e)* n.7/8 patches of uncleared grass • *Endumiro erimu ebiguluke bingi muno.* The garden has many patches of uncleared grass.

**kigungiro** *(e)kigungiro* n.7/8 manger, feed trough • *OYesu bamubbasisirye mu kigungiro.* Jesus was laid in the manger to sleep.

**kigunguuli** *(e)kigunguuli* n.7/8 hump, bump • *Enzira erimu ebigunguuli.* There are bumps in the road. **kigurugunya** *(e)kigurugunya* n.7/8 hump, bump • *Enzira eyaba e Ibbaale erimu ebigurugunya.* The road to Bbaale has many bumps.

**kigurusani** *(e)kigurusani* n.7/8 plant

used to make beer straws (*Clerodendrum capitatum* and *Peucedanum grantii*) • *Ebigurusani babikolamu enseke.* They make straws from *Clerodendrum capitatum*.

**kigurusuuru** *(e)kigurusuuru* n.7/8 *Solanum incanum* (sodom apple) • *Ebigurusuuru bikolesebwa nka omubazi.* Sodom apples serve as medicine.

**kiguti** *(o)kiguti* n.1a/10 Kiguti banana cultivar (usually eaten when ripe) • *Nkutaka kulya ku kiguti.* I like eating banana of the Kiguti cultivar. **kiguunwa** *(e)kiguunwa* n.7/8 ringworm, dermatophytosis, tinea (a

contagious itching skin disease) • *Abaana balwala muno ebiguunwa.* Children are prone to suffering from ringworm.

**kigwabyo** *(e)kigwabyo* n.7/8 long knife used to prune banana leaves • *Endagala nzisalisya kigwabyo.* I use the pruning knife to cut banana leaves.

**kigwaigolo** *(o)kigwaigolo* n.1a/2 person who goes to sleep early • *Omusaiza waawo kigwaigolo.* That man goes to bed early.

**kigwata** *(e)kigwata* n.7/8 half gourd • *Omwenge ngusenesya kigwata.* I use the half gourd to serve beer.

**kigweigwei** *(e)kigweigwei* n.7/8 sisal, sisal leaf • *Obukosi tubuwooga mu bigweigwei.* Sisal threads are made from sisal leaves.

**kigweki** *(e)kigweki* n.7/8 knife-like tool used to clean a mingling stick • *Mpeerya ekigweki nsaayiirye omugayi.* Give me the knife-like tool and I'll clean the mingling stick.

**kigwi** *(e)kigwi* n.7/8 woven trap • *Ekigwi kyakwaite enkayiba ibiri.* The woven trap caught two doves.

**kigwo** *(e)kigwo* n.7/8 (a) fall (of a person) • *Agwire ekigwo ekikooto nga akwingira mu nyumba.* She has had a heavy fall while entering the house. (b) wrestling • *Tintaka muzeenyo gwa kigwo.* I hate the sport of wrestling.

**kiibakiiba** *(oku)kiibakiiba* v.tr. *kiibirekiibire* to evade the main path or entrance • *OKato akukiibakiiba oku lubuga.* Kato is avoiding the courtyard.

**kiibbaitakali** *(e)kiibbaitakali* n.7 land grabbing • *Ekiibbaitakali kyakaliriirye omu Uganda.* Land grabbing is widespread in Uganda.

**kiibbo** *(e)kiibbo* n.7/8 basket • *Nteera emere omu kiibbo.* Put the food into a basket for me.

**kiibulo** *(e)kiibulo* n.7/8 meal, food • *Nteekerateekera ekiibulo, enzala ekunduma.* Prepare me a meal, I am hungry.

**kiica**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiica* n.7/8 fruit of sausage tree (*Kigelia africana*) • *Ekiica kitamba epulesa.* The fruit of the sausage tree cures high blood pressure.

**kiica**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiica* n.7/8 parish (as a tier of administration) • *Nyetera omwica wa kiica kini.* Call the chief of this parish for me.

**kiigara** *(o)kiigara* n.1a/2 (a) deaf per-

son • *Okiigara asimoola baitu tawuura.* A deaf person talks but does not hear. (b) type of god, spirit responsible for making people deaf

**kiigo** *(a)kiigo* n.12/14 stick, cane • *Yaswabwire omwana obwigo kubba yasomere kubbi.* He caned the child because he did not perform well in his studies.

**kiigulalwige** *(e)kiigulalwige* n.7 ceremonial local brew given to the bride's parents by the groom-to-be during the introduction ceremony • *Abakoi bareetere ekinaga ekikooto ekya kiigulalwige.* Their in-laws brought a big pot of ceremonial local brew.

**kiiguru** [see also *kicu*] *(e)kiiguru* n.7/8 (a) cloud • *Ebiiguru bizwamu oikendi.* Clouds produce rain. (b) **kiiguru kya (e)ikendi** nimbus cloud • *Ekiiguru kya ikendi kikwaite twakafuna oikendi ereero.* A nimbus cloud has formed, we may get rain today.

**kiijanya** *(oku)kiijanya* v.tr. *kiijainye* to mistreat, to ill-treat, to maltreat • *Omukali oyo akiijanya abaana baamwe.* That woman mistreats her children.

**kiijukiryo** *(e)kiijukiryo* n.7/8 monument, memorial • *Abaruuli baayambokere ekiijukiryo kya Paapa.* The Baruuli constructed a monument in honour of the Pope.

**kiika** [see also *mwika*] *(e)kiika* n.7/8 smoke, fume

**kiika**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiika* n.7/8 craving, longing, yearning, desire, urge • *Ndina*

*ekiika ekya kulya oku ayisikuriimu.* I crave ice cream.

**kiika**<sup>2</sup> *(oku) kiika* v.intr./tr. *kiikire* (a) to position sideways, to put sideways • *Omwango gukiikembe.* Just put the frame sideways. (b) to block, to obstruct, to congest • *Omusaale ogwagwire eigolo gukiikire muluguudo olukwaba e Kampala.* The road to Kampala is blocked by a big tree which fell during the rain. (c) to feel restless especially due to eating too much • *Omwana yaliire n'akiika.* The child became restless due to eating too much.

**kiika**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)kiika* v.tr. *kiikire* to attend (e.g. a meeting) • *Ayabire kukiika mu lukiiko.* He has gone to attend a meeting.

**kiikaaro** *(e)kiikaaro* n.7/8 (a) seat • *Leetera omugenyi ekiikaaro.* Bring a seat for the visitor. (b) residence • *Ekiikaaro kyamu kita ayi?* Where is your place of residence?

**kiikali** *(e)kiikali* n.7/8 residence, home, quarters • *Kini nikyo kiikali kya Bagaya.* This is the residence of the Bagaya clan.

**kiiki** quant. a lot of, too many, too much • *Empiiya ata na zikiiki.* She has a lot of money.

**kiikiira** *(oku)kiikiira* v.tr. *kikiire, kiikiire* to represent, to speak on behalf of • *Yaba otukiikiire.* Go and represent us.

**kiikya** *(oku)kiikya* v.tr. *kiikirye* to overdo • *Emere yagisumbire n'akiikya.* She overcooked the food.

**kiina**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiina* n.7/8 (a) pit, hole • *Ombuli agwire omu kiina.* A goat has fallen into a pit. (b) grave, tomb • *Babaliikire mu kiina kimwei.* They were buried in one grave.

**kiina**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kiina* v.tr. *kiinire* to deride, to sneer at, to mock, to speak sarcastically to • *Lwaki okumukiina nambu muguuda?* Why do you mock her for being rich?

**kiinamo** *(e)kiinamo* n.7/8 valley • *Omugwairalu ayombokere enyumba mu kiinamo.* The madman has built a house in a valley.

**kiiniika** *(oku)kiiniika* v.intr. *kiiniikire* to laugh mockingly • *Oyo akukukiiniikambe.* That one is just laughing at you mockingly.

**kiinikira** *(oku)kiinikira* v.tr. *kiinikiire* to cover • *Kiinikira omubazi ogwo.* Cover that medicine.

**kiinukuka** *(oku)kiinukuka* v.intr. *kiinukukire* to be uncovered • *Ekinaga kikiinukukire.* The pot is uncovered.

**kiinukula** *(oku)kiinukula* v.tr. *kiinukwire* to uncover, to unveil, to remove a lid • *Kiinukulaku tubone ekiri munda.* Uncover it and we'll see what is inside.

**kiinyi** *(e)kiinyi* n.7/8 private parts, loin area • *Obwiriza bumera ku kiinyi.* Pubic hair develops around the private parts.

**Kiira** *(o)Kiira* n.1a River Nile • *Omwiga gwa Kiira gutandikira mu Uganda.* The River Nile starts in Uganda.

**kiiroiro** *(e)kiiroiro* n.7/8 fireworks

• *Oku lwakubanza abantu banaga ebiiroiro.* People shoot fireworks on New Year's Eve.

**kiiruka** *(e)kiiruka* n.7/8 vehicle, car • *Akiri gulayo ekiiruka ekyatwalanga baana oku isomero.* At least buy a vehicle for taking the children to school.

**Kiirya** *(o)Kiirya* n.1a name given to a boy who follows twins• *OKiirya aira ku balongo.* Kiirya was born after the twins.

**kiisani** *(e)kiisani* n.7/8 (a) image • *Ekiisani kya Bikira Maria Kisai.* The image of the Holy Mary is nice. (b) idol, statue • *Abantu abamwe baramya ebiisani.* Some people worship idols. (c) photograph, photo • *Ekiisani kini kibonekere kusai.* This photograph looks nice.

**kiiti** *(e)kiiti* n.7/8 weapon • *Lwaki otambula n'ekiiti omu bantu?* Why do you go around with a weapon in public?

**kiitiro** *(e)kiitiro* n.7/8 place of massacre • *OLuweero yafookere ekiitiro omu 1985.* Luweero was the site of a massacre in 1985.

**kiituuru** *(e)kiituuru* n.7/8 (a) shadow, shade • *Ikaaraku awo omu kiituuru.* Sit in the shade for a while please. (b) umbrella organisation (an organisation that coordinates the activities of a number of member organisations) • *Bali mu kiituuru kimwe.* They are part of the same umbrella organisation.

**kiiyo** *(e)kiiyo* n.7/8 miracle, wonder,

marvel, supernatural phenomenon • *Ebiro bini abasumba abamwe bakola ebiiyo ebipangiire.* These days some pastors perform staged fake miracles.

**Kiiza** *(o)Kiiza* n.1a name given to a child who follows twins

**kiizika** *(oku)kiizika* v.tr. *kiizikire* to lay (down), to put (down), to set (down) • *Kiizika omwana omu kitabu.* Lay the child down in bed.

**kiizukiryo** *(e)kiizukiryo* n.7/8 commemoration • *Abumbire ekiisani kya kiizukiryo.* He sculpted a commemoration obelisk.

**kijaayejaaye** *(e)kijaayejaaye* n.7/8 plant used to treat malaria (its leaves looks like leaves of a marijuana plant)

**kijaleero** *(e)kijaleero* n.7/8 lima bean (*Phaseolus lunatus*) • *Ebijaleero kirandira ku musaale.* Lima bean wines creep on trees.

**Kijambiya** *(o)Kijambiya* [see also *jambiya*] n.1a nickname of the former president of Uganda Idi Amin Dada believed to have killed many innocent people, it derives from *jambiya* 'machete'

**kijanjaalo** *(e)kijanjaalo* n.7/8 bean • *Ebijanjaalo byakirye.* The beans have flowered.

**kijebu** *(e)kijebu* n.7/8 intrusiveness, pushiness • *Ekijebu ti mpisa gisai omu baana.* Intrusiveness is not a good practice among children.

**kijegeju** *(e)kijegeju* n.7/8 beetle • *Ojegeju anena emisaale.* Beetles eat trees.

**kijegu** *(e)kijegu* n.7/8 intrusive memory • *Nnoba ekijegu ekyakwizukira omukunzi wange eyafiire.* I hate the intrusive memory of my beloved one who died.

**kijiiko** *(e)kijiiko* n.7/8 <from Sw.> spoon • *Ekijiiko kini kisena sukaali.* This spoon is used to scoop sugar.

**kijo** *(e)kijo* n.7/8 <from Buyende dialect> sweet potato • *Tukwendya kulya bijo.* We would like to eat sweet potatoes.

**kijolooto** *(e)kijolooto* n.7/8 monster, beast • *Omusaiza oyo aisana kijolooto.* That man looks like a monster.

**kijorokoko**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kijorokoko* n.7/8 straw container • *Ekijorokoko kye mbiikamu enseke kiri ayi?* Where is the container where I keep my straws?

**kijorokoto**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kijorokoto* n.7/8 tree where cleansing takes place • *Omulwaire mumutwale oku kijorokoto.* Take the patient to the cleansing tree.

**kiju** *(e)kiju* n.7/8 shade, goat house • *Ekiju kya mbuli kigegeire.* The goat's house is very dirty.

**kijugumiro** *(e)kijugumiro* n.7/8 shivering, trembling • *Ekijugumiro tikyaweewo okwica nga onywire ekintu ekikwoca.* The shivering will not stop until you drink something warm.

**kijuguta** *(e)kijuguta* n.7/8 bellows (a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air used for blowing air into a fire) • *Nkwendyayo ekijuguta* *ekiyaaka kya kyoto.* I need a new bellows for my furnace.

**kijuliza** *(e)kijuliza* n.7 after party meal, meal served the day after the main function • *Musumbire abagenyi ekijuliza baabe.* Cook an after-party meal so that the visitors can leave.

**kijumbi** *(e)kijumbi* n.7 rainy season • *OMujumbi yabyaliibwe mu kijumbi.* Mujumbi was born during the rainy season.

**kijumbura** *(e)kijumbura* n.7/8 cow parsnip, hogweed • *Ekijumbura kyoca singa kikukoona oku lususu.* Cow parsnip can burn if it comes into contact with skin.

**kijumbutuko** adv. hurriedly, hastily, speedily, quickly • *Poliisi yamutwaire kijumbutuko.* He was taken hurriedly by the police.

**kijumula** *(e)kijumula* n.7/8 jatropha • *Ebijumula bikola nk'obubonero bwa nsalo.* Jatropha plants are used as boundary markers.

**kijundi** *(e)kijundi* n.7 bad smell • *Ekijundi ka kya maani!* The smell is too much!

**kijungu** *(e)kijungu* n.7 European style • *Eyo nkola ya kijungu.* That is the European style of doing things.

**kijuuli** *(e)kijuuli* n.7/8 dewlap (a loose flap of the skin hanging from the neck of some animals)• *Ongundu wange alina ekijuuli kikooto.* The bull has a big dewlap.

**kika** *(e)kika* n.7 (a) kind, type, sort • *Oli muntu kika ki?* What kind of person are you? (b) clan • *Ekika kya-* *nge nta Mukombe.* I belong to the Kikombe clan.

**kikaabugo** *(e)kikaabugo* n.7/8 (a) piece of land from which cotton has been harvested (b) house structure woven with reeds before filling it with mud (c) draft • *Kola ekikaabugo kya bbaluwa.* Write a draft of the letter.

**kikaagiri** *(e)kikaagiri* n.7/8 style of the Bakaagiri, denoting something done smartly and nicely

**kikaakaate** *(e)kikaakaate* n.7/8 piece of cloth or bark cloth tied around the waist as a sign of mourning

**kikaali** *(e)kikaali* n.7/8 (a) enclosure, palace • *Ekikaali kya Mukama wa Bunyoro kiri Karuziika.* The King of Bunyoro's palace is in Karuziika. (b) casino • *Baabire mu kikaali kuzeenya canisi.* They have gone to the casino to play cards.

**kikaara** *(e)kikaara* n.7/8 residence for people of the Bushbuck clan

**kikaata** *(e)kikaata* n.7/8 dry flaky skin patch, fungal skin infection • *Abantu ababba oku nyanja babba ne bikaata.* People who live near the lake often develop dry flaky patches on their skin.

**kikaijo** [see *kikaizo*]

**kikaizo** *(e)kikaizo* n.7/8 sugarcane • *Ekikaizo kinuliirya nga kikuure.* Sugar cane is sweet when it has matured.

**kikakaara** *(e)kikakaara* n.7/8 giant, extremely hard working person • *Bona ekikakaara kya musaiza akubina*

*omuno!* Look at the giant man dancing with big strides!

**kikakamu** *(e)kikakamu* n.7/8 (a) dried nasal mucus, booger • *Yaba otoolemu ebikakamu omu nyindo yaamu.* Go and clean the dried mucus from your nose. (b) hardened layer of mingled food which gets stuck to the pan • *Toolamu ebikakamu omu sefuliya eyamyenere obwita.* Scoop out the hardened layer from the saucepan in which the millet was mingled.

**kikakara** *(e)kikakara* n.7/8 Pseudarthria hookeri

**kikala** *(e)kikala* n.7/8 smell of a hegoat • *Omukali oyo awunya ekikala.* That woman smells like a he-goat.

**kikalakala** *(e)kikalakala* n.7/8 overgrown bush, fallow • *Ntandikire okusaawa omu kikalakala.* I started slashing the overgrown bush.

**kikalakampa** *(e)kikalakampa* n.7/8 scale (of fish and reptiles) • *Ompyo abba n'ebikalakampa.* The crocodile has scales.

**kikalifuuwa** *(e)kikalifuuwa* n.7/8 lemon grass, cymbocogon • *Ekikalifuuwa kicuunyisya ocaayi.* The lemon grass spices up tea.

**kikalu** *(e)kikalu* n.7 tucked-in manner • *OSebwato musaiza mukuni buliizo akubba esaati ekikalu.* Sebwato is a smart man, he always tucks in his shirt.

**kikama** *(e)kikama* n.7/8 milking container • *Leeta ani ekikama nkame ente.* Bring the milking container

here and I'll milk.

**kikamiro** *(e)kikamiro* n.7/8 fungal skin infection • *Ebikamiro bikwata baana bato.* Children often suffer from fungal skin infections.

**kikamulo** *(e)kikamulo* n.7/8 (a) residue, remainder (especially of squashed bananas and grass after beer making) • *Nagayo ebikamulo bya nsande ebyo.* Throw away the banana leaf residues. (b) unironed item of clothing, item of clothing with creases, wrinkled eitem of clothes • *Twewuunyire okubona omugole ng'azwaire bikamulo.* We were all surprised to see the bride dressed in wrinkled clothes.

**kikanda** *(e)kikanda* n.7/8 (a) basket • *Obwita bute mu kikanda.* Put the millet into the basket. (b) fish tied into bundles (e.g. a bundle of sprat) • *Nkutaka kugulayo kikanda kya mpere.* I would like to buy a bundle of sprats. **kikande** *(e)kikande* n.7/8 overgrown bush, fallow • *Akuluma mu kikande.* He is clearing the overgrown bush.

**kikandulyo** *(e)kikandulyo* n.7/8 garden fork • *Ebisubi akubisoroolesya kikandulyo.* He is gathering grass with a garden fork.

**kikanja** *(e)kikanja* n.7/8 residue of local brew, impurities in a beverage • *Sukayo ebikanja bya malwa.* Dispose of the residue of the local brew. **kikanyabantu** *(e)kikanyabantu* n.7/8 city, town • *Ayabire mu kikanyabantu.* He has gone to the city. **kikapu** *(e)kikapu* n.7/8 woven handbag • *Abakaire bataka muno okutambula n'ebikapu.* Older people like carrying woven handbags.

**kikara**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikara* n.7 bad smell, body odour • *Omusaiza oyo akuwunya ekikara.* That man has bad body odour. **kikara**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kikara* n.1a/10 cow with black and brown stripes from tail to head with patches around the face **kikarakaata** *(e)kikarakaata* n.7/8 (a) scaly skin • *Kibbi omuntu okubba n'ebikarakaata.* It is bad for a person to have scaly skin. (b) foot fissure, foot crack, cracked heel • *Abalumi baingi bata n'ebikarakaata.* Many farmers have heel fissures.

**kikarango** *(e)kikarango* n.7 musky smell • *Ekikarango kibba kya njoka.* A musky smell comes from snakes.

**kikaranzira** *(e)kikaranzira* n.7/8 (a) roadside, side of a road • *Aikaire oku kikaranzira kidi.* He is sitting on the other side of the road. (b) the other side of the road, the opposite side of the road • *Yaba oku kikaranzira kidi.* Go to the other side of the road.

**kikarapwa** *(e)kikarapwa* n.7/8 corn, hard skin, callus, a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has been subjected to friction

**kikaratu** *(e)kikaratu* n.7/8 dry itchy skin, scaly skin • *Omulwaire alina ekikaratu.* The patient has scaly skin.

**kikeisya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikeisya* n.7/8 Black kite clan • *Ekika kyamwe kikeisya.* He is from the Black kite clan.

**kikeisya**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kikeisya* n.7/8 all-night dance • *Basuure mu kikeisya.* They had an all-night dance.

**kikeke** *(e)kikeke* n.7/8 slice, piece, chunk, share, portion • *Mwajirye yakakekawo ebikeke bisatu byonkai.* I found him when he had made only three slices.

**kikenekero** *(e)kikenekero* n.7/8 filtering container • *Leeta ani ekikenekeero nsengeize muunyu.* Bring the filtering container here and I will filter the salt.

**kikere** *(e)kikere* n.7/8 frog, toad • *Abagonya beizira kikere.* The Bagonya belong to the frog totem.

**kikesekese** *(e)kikesekese* n.7/8 field from which millet has been harvested • *Embuli zitwale ozibbwe omu kikesekese.* Take the goats to the field where millet was harvested.

**kikeso** *(e)kikeso* n.7/8 pruning shears, a pair of shears used to harvest millet (a cutting instrument like larger scissors) • *Obwita babukesesya kikeso.* They use pruning shears to cut the millet plants.

**kikewu** *(e)kikewu* n.7/8 straw container • *Ndetera ekikewu nteemu oluseke.* Bring me the straw contained and I'll put in my straw.

**kiki** interrog. what, which • *Kiki ekikwaba omu maiso?* What is going on?

**kikiinikira** *(e)kikiinikira* n.7/8 bottle top, lid, cover • *Leeta ekikiinikira kya kidomola.* Bring the lid of the jerry can.

**kikinala** *(oku)kikinala* v.intr. *kikinaire* (a) (of body part) to stick out (e.g. buttocks) • *Omwala akutambula ng'akabina kakikinaire.* The girl is walking with her buttocks sticking out. (b) to disobey, to disregard rules • *Omwana akikinaire oku mawaamwe.* The child disobeys her mother.

**kikobba** *(e)kikobba* n.7/8 (a) skin • *Yayiire n'abbambuka ekikobba.* He got burnt and his skin peeled off. (b) safety belt • *Omuvugi wa motoka yebbwere ekikobba.* The driver fastened his safety belt.

**kikoboi** *(o)kikoboi* n.1a/2 chatterbox, chatterer • *Okikoboi abbaireku ani n'akukubuulya.* The chatterbox was here briefly asking for you.

**kikoige** *(e)kikoige* n.7/8 cleared ground after a sweet potato harvest • *Ebinyeebwa nabiruma mu kikoige.* I will plant groundnuts in the cleared garden where sweet potatoes were harvested.

**kikoiro** *(e)kikoiro* n.7/8 type of illegal fish trap used to trap small fish

**kikoke**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikoke* n.7 grey • *Enyumba yaamwe yagisiigire langi ya kikoke.* He painted his house grey.

**kikoke**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kikoke* n.1 grey-feathered chicken

**kikokekoke** *(e)kikokekoke* n.7 greyish colour • *Onte waamwe wa kikokekoke.* His cow is greyish.

**kikokoro** *(e)kikokoro* n.7/8 hoof cap (e.g. of a cow) • *Ekikokoro kya nte kirwaire.* The hoof cap is infected.

**kikokoto** *(e)kikokoto* n.7/8 force, power, strength, effort • *Ekikokoto kisobola owa mpaka.* The use of force can manage a pig-headed person.

**kikokweizi** *(e)kikokweizi* n.7/8 <from archaic> (a) sisal plant • *Ekikokweizi kikuure kusai.* The sisal plant has grown well. (b) sisal bundle • *Aguure ekikokweizi kimwei.* He bought one sisal bundle.

**kikokwotoka** *(e)kikokwotoka* n.7/8 reptile, collective name for snakes, lizards, and crocodile • *Omu nyanja mubbaamu ebikokwotoka.* There are reptiles in the lake.

**kikolimo** *(e)kikolimo* n.7/8 curse, jinx, spell, evil eye • *Ekikolimo kya Adam kikyatambuura oku mwana wa muntu.* Adam's curse still haunts human beings.

**kikolo** *(e)kikolo* n.7/8 stem, trunk, stalk of a tree • *Ekikolo kya musaale guni kikooto.* The trunk of this tree is big.

**kikolobero** *(e)kikolobero* n.7/8 high degree crime, law breaking • *E Nalufeenya baakoleireyo ebikolobero bingi.* They committed a lot of crimes in Nalufeenya.

**kikolokondo** *(e)kikolokondo* n.7/8 bare banana stalk of the bunch, stem of a bunch of plantains

**kikolwa** *(e)kikolwa* n.7/8 (a) act, performance, action, deed • *Ebikolwa byamwe ebya kisa bikwiza kwizukirwanga.* His acts of kindness will always be remembered. (b) example, model • *Kolesya bikolwa.* Live by examples.

**kikomo** *(e)kikomo* n.7/8 (a) copper • *Omukali azwaire nekileesi ya kikoma.* The woman is wearing a necklace made of copper. (b) bangle, bracelet • *Abakali bataka muno okuzwala ebikomo.* Women love wearing bangles. (c) round object, circle, ring-shaped object • *Aliiza ng'okwezi kwa kikomo.* She will come when it is the full moon. (d) limit, boundary, range • *Nkobera ekikomo kya bbeeyi nte oni.* Tell me the price range of this cow. (e) 22-degree halo (an optical phenomenon in the form of a ring with a radius of approximately 22° around the Moon)

**kikompe**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikompe* n.7/8 <from Sw.> (a) cup, mug • *Ta omubazi mu kikompe.* Put the medicine in the cup. (b) trophy, award, price • *Bawangwire ekikompe.* They won a trophy.

**kikompe**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kikompe* n.7/8 chalice, ciborium • *Omu kanisa mubbaamu ebikompe.* There are chalices in the church.

**kikondi** *(e)kikondi* n.7/8 (a) guinea grass (*Megathyrsus maximus*) • *Nyajiirye omusaiza mukaire nga akubbwa ombuli oku kikondi.* I found an old man tying a goat to guinea grass. (b) flower of guinea grass (*Megathyrsus maximus*) • *Obukondi bweya kusai omu nyumba.* Guinea grass flowers sweep the house very well.

**kikondo** *(e)kikondo* n.7/8 (a) pole (e.g. electricity pole) • *Eizo nimwo* *twasimbire ebikondo bya kubbwa osengenge.* It was yesterday that we erected the poles to hold barbed wire. (b) milepost • *Ku nzira za Kampala kuliku ebikondo.* There are mileposts on Kampala roads. (c) **kikondo kya goolo** goalpost • *Ekisaawe kibbaamu ebikondo bya goolo.* The playing field has goalposts.

**kikondooro** *(e)kikondooro* n.7/8 inner flap of a gomesi • *Abakali babiika esente omu kikondooro.* Women keep money in the inner flap of a gomesi. **kikonge** *(e)kikonge* n.7/8 (a) tree stump • *Weegendereze, awo waliwo ekikonge.* Be careful, there is a tree stump there. (b) wealthy person, famous person, big shot, dignitary • *Abo nibo bikonge bya Nakasongola.* Those are the wealthy people from Nakasongola.

**kikongooro** *(e)kikongooro* n.7/8 maize cob from which the kernels have been removed • *Ekikongooro kikuuta ebikarakaata kusai muno.* A maize cob cleans heel fissures quite well.

**kikoni** *(e)kikoni* n.7/8 group of houses constructed facing each other • *Omukama wa kinoni niye naani?* Who is the owner of the houses constructed facing each other?

**kikonkoli** *(e)kikonkoli* n.7/8 log, trunk • *Kini kikonkoli kya taata kya kolesya nk'akatebe.* This is the father's log, which he uses as a stool.

**kikonkoro** *(e)kikonkoro* n.7/8

wooden stool • *Ikaara oku kikonkoro ekyo ndoowo ntebe gindi.* Sit on that wooden stool, there are no more seats.

**kikonwa** *(e)kikonwa* n.7/8 halfbaked item (e.g. pot, bricks) • *Angulisirye ekikonwa bya bbulooka.* He sold me half-baked bricks.

**kikoodere** *(e)kikoodere* n.7/8 drying lane for simsim (UgE)/sesame • *Amacande bagakaarya ku kikoodere.* Simsim is dried on a simsim drying lane. **kikoodo** *(e)kikoodo* n.7/8 measles • *Omwana yeetiikire ekikoodo.* The child is suffering from measles.

**kikooko** *(e)kikooko* n.7/8 outer part of the tree, bark • *Mutooleku ekikooko oku musaale tusale embaawo.* Remove the bark of the tree so that we get timber.

**kikookooma** *(e)kikookooma* n.7/8 *Vernonia auriculifera* (shrub with large soft leaves used as toilet paper• *Ebikoola bya kikookooma nikyo tukolesya okwesusuula omu kyolooni.* We use *Vernonia auriculifera* as toilet paper.

**kikoola** *(e)kikoola* n.7/8 (a) leaf • *Nokola ebikoola bya muyembe tukole omubazi gwa kikooro.* Get mango leaves and let's prepare cough medicine. (b) sweet potato vine for planting • *Ayabire Kawanda kugula bikoola ebirongoseemu.* He has gone to Kawanda (Agricultural Centre) to buy modified sweet potato vines.

**kikoolo** [see *kikooro*] <Lunyala>

**kikoomi** *(e)kikoomi* n.7/8 bonfire, smoky slow-burning fire, burning of trash or grass • *Ekikuwunya bikoola ebyokeibwe okuzwa omu kikoomi.* That is a smell of burning leaves from a garden bonfire.

**kikooro** <Ruruuli> *(e)kikooro* n.7/8 cough • *Ekikooro kikwaba kunyita.* The cough is going to kill me.

**kikooryo** *(e)kikooryo* n.7/8 (a) common hereditary features, birth marks • *Abaana ba Najjemba balina ekikooryo.* Najjemba's children have clear common hereditary features. (b) resemblance, correspondence, similarity • *Kitanamu ekikooryo n'oku bintu bye nkulowooza.* It bears some resemblance to the things I have in mind. (c) person vulnerable to infections • *Oyo omwana kikooryo.* That child is vulnerable to infections.

**kikooyi** *(e)kikooyi* n.7/8 loin cloth for women, long piece of cloth worn by Baganda women under a gomesi • *Egomesi enyumiramu ekikooyi.* The gomesi looks nice when worn with a loin cloth.

**kikopo** *(e)kikopo* n.7/8 (a) cup, mug • *Yasukire amaizi omu kikopo n'aweerya omwana waamwe.* She poured water into the cup and gave it to her child. (b) trophy, award, price • *Etiimu yaiswe niyo yatwaire ekikopo.* It was our team that took the trophy.

**kikosi** *(e)kikosi* n.7/8 (a) sisal fiber (b) sisal string, rope • *Mpeerya ekikosi mbwe ensawu z'amanda.* Give me

a rope so that I can tie the sacks of charcoal.

**kikowu** *(e)kikowu* n.7 guineafowl colour • *Azwaire saati ya kikowu.* He is wearing a shirt in a guineafowl colour.

**kiku**<sup>1</sup> [see also *kikwi*] *(e)kiku* n.7/8 bed bug (*Cimex lectularius*) • *Ebiku byakaliriirye omu kitanda.* There are too many bed bugs in the bed.

**kiku**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiku* n.7/8 heavy psychological burden one cannot disclose easily • *Mwira wange ndina ekiku kye ntakusobola kunyumya.* My friend, I have a heavy burden which I cannot disclose.

**Kikube** *(o)Kikube* n.1a child born outside of wedlock • *Kikube mwana abyalibwa enzei wa bufumbo.* Kikube is a name given to a child born out of wedlock.

**kikubiro** *(e)kikubiro* n.7/8 overgarment, apron • *Abakali aba irai bazwalanga ebikubiro.* Long ago women used to wear a wrapper cloth on top of a gomesi.

**kikuju** *(e)kikuju* n.7/8 sauce made from young pumpkin • *Ebikuju mere ejuna abaana okukula kusai.* The sauce made from young pumpkin helps children grow healthy.

**kikulubba** *(e)kikulubba* n.7/8 pumice stone (used to remove dry and excess skin from the bottom of the foot as well as calluses) • *Naani atwaire ekikulubba kyamu?* Who has taken my pumice stone?

**kikulukuto** *(e)kikulukuto* n.7 haem-

orrhage • *Omukali alwaire ekikulukuto.* The woman is suffering from haemorrhaging.

**kikulukyamuti** *(e)kikulukyamuti* n.7/8 type of herb that cures stomach ulcer • *Omubazi oguzwa omu bikoola bya kikulukyamuti gutamba alusa.* The medicine from the leaves of kikulukyamuti treats ulcers.

**kikumi** num. one hundred • *Ekikumi ampi tekikyata na mugaso omu Uganda.* A hundred shillings is almost useless in Uganda.

**kikunduuru** *(e)kikunduuru* n.7/8 fetish, talisman, charm • *Munageyo ebikunduuru omu nyanja.* Throw the fetishes into the lake.

**kikunkudu** *(o)kikunkudu* n.1a/2 animal or person without a limb or tail • *Ngongeera omaama nta gongeire kikunkudu mukira.* I am sad that my mother is dead but you also do not have a tail. (from a folktale)

**kikunubulyo** *(e)kikunubulyo* n.7/8 bruise • *Egaali yamukubbire n'afuna ebikunubulyo.* He had a bicycle accident and got some bruises.

**kikunuure** *(e)kikunuure* n.7/8 bruise • *Omutamiire ayizwire bikunuure.* The drunkard is covered in bruises.

**Kikurwe** *(o)Kikurwe* n.1a/2 member of the Otter clan

**kikutu** *(e)kikutu* n.7/8 trap for hunting small animals (e.g. cane rats) (e.g. cane rats) • *Ekikutu kikwaite omuswi.* The trap has caught a cane rat.

**kikuubo** *(e)kikuubo* n.7/8 (a) stripe,

line • *Esaati yange erimu ebikuubo.* My shirt is striped. (lit. My shirt has stripes.) (b) corridor, aisle, passage • *Abaibbi banyagira mu kikuubo kya maduuka.* Thieves usually grab people's things in the shops' corridors.

**kikuute** *(e)kikuute* n.7/8 cattle trail • *Ente zitambuura mu kikuute.* Cows walk via a cattle trail.

**kikwangala** *(e)kikwangala* n.7/8 fake, forgery, sham • *Bamugulisirye seminti wa kikwangala.* They sold him fake cement.

**kikwaso** *(e)kikwaso* n.7/8 safety pin • *Ekikwaso kyokola njunzai.* Safety pins are used to remove jiggers from the body.

**kikwatantaama** *(e)kikwatantaama* n.7/8 love grass (*Setaria verticillata*) **kikwate** *(e)kikwate* n.7/8 poem, lyrics, verse • *Abaana babazire ekikwate kyabwe.* The children recited their poem.

**kikwato** *(e)kikwato* n.7/8 (a) handle • *Ekikopo kibbaaku ekikwato.* A cup has a handle. (b) spout of a kettle or teapot

**kikwe**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikwe* n.7 Parkinson's disease • *Obulwaire bwa kikwe butiinibwa muno omu Baruuli.* Parkinson's disease is feared a lot among the Baruuli.

**kikwe**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kikwe* n.7/8 taboo word • *Abaruuli batiina okusimoola ebigambo ebya kikwe.* The Baruuli are afraid of saying taboo words.

**kikwekweto** *(e)kikwekweto* n.7/8 raid, foray, operation, manoeuvre, scouting expedition, reconnaissance operation • *Aba poliisi baakoore ekikwekweto.* The policemen staged an operation.

**kikwempe** *(e)kikwempe* n.7/8 (a) old bark cloth • *Omusaiza yeebbwere ekikwempe.* The man is wearing an old bark cloth. (b) embroidery, binding on the edge of cloth, decoration on the edge of e.g. a gomesi

**kikwi** [see also *kiku*] *(e)kikwi* n.7/8 bed bug (*Cimex lectularius*) • *Ebikwi bigadya abantu ba Kampala.* Bed bugs disturb people in Kampala.

**kikwiza** *(e)kikwiza* n.7/8 bellows used in metal forging • *Kolesya ekikwiza okwemba omuuro twoce ebyoma.* Use the bellows to blow the fire so that we can melt metals.

**kikwoikolyo** *(e)kikwoikolyo* n.7/8 riddle, puzzle • *Mpeeryayo ekikwoikolyo kimwe mu Lunyala.* Give me a riddle in Lunyala.

**kikwoikwe** *(e)kikwoikwe* n.7/8 riddle, puzzle • *Abanyala balina ebikwoikwe bingi.* The Banyala have many short riddles.

**kikwoikwoi** [see *kikwoikwe*]

**kikyetaawo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kikyetaawo* n.7/8 unexpected event, surprise • *Ekikyetaawo kisiisa enteekateeka z'abantu.* An unexpected event disrupts peoples' plans.

**kikyetaawo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kikyetaawo* n.7/8 non-government organisation, NGO • *Bakoore ebikyetaawo bingi baitu tibikola.* They formed many nongovernmental organisations, but

they are not functioning.

**kimaamo** *(e)kimaamo* n.7/8 handle (e.g. of a knife, panga) • *Ekimaamo kya nsone kizwireku.* The handle of the knife has broken off.

**kimaamu** [see *kimaamo*]

**kimajegere** *(e)kimajegere* n.7/8 grader • *Ebimajegere bikolesebwa okukola enzira.* Graders are used to construct roads.

**kimama** *(e)kimama* n.7/8 intuitive behavior, incautiousness • *Omuvugi bamusingisirye ogwa kuvugisya ekimama.* The driver was convicted of reckless driving.

**kimansuuli** *(e)kimansuuli* n.7/8 bow-like trap • *Ekimansuuli kiita n'ebinyonyi.* The bow-like trap also kills birds.

**kimante** *(e)kimante* n.7/8 wall • *Ekimante kyamwe kiiziremu olukalala.* His wall has developed a crack.

**kimanyisyo** *(e)kimanyisyo* n.7/8 (a) announcement • *Yakalya ekimanyisyo oku ladiyo.* Place an announcement on the radio. (b) notice board, billboard • *Oku isomero lyaiswe tuta n'ekimanyisyo.* We have a notice board at our school. (c) poster, banner • *Mbadi bakutimba ebimanyisyo.* They are there pinning up posters. (d) signpost • *Ako kamanyisyo ka isomero.* That is a school signpost.

**Kimanywenda** *(o)Kimanywenda* n.1a name of a boy whose father is a relative to a mother

**kimbaara**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kimbaara* n.7/8 tsetse fly • *Onte aneneibwe ekimbaara.* The cow was bitten by a tsetse fly.

**kimbaara**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kimbaara* n.1a/2 blind person • *Okimbaara oyo abbandire enkonge.* The blind person hit a tree stump.

**kimbi** *(e)kimbi* n.7 garbage can, dustbin • *Eikoke lisuke oku kimbi.* Throw the ash into the garbage can.

**kimbugumbugu** [see also *kibugu*] *(e)kimbugumbugu* n.7/8 vampire bat (probably yellow-winged bat) • *Ekimbugumbugu kinywa omusaayi.* The vampire bat sucks blood.

**kime**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kime* n.7/8 private parts, loin area, genitals • *Obwiriza bumera oku kime.* Pubic hair develops around the private parts.

**kime**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kime* n.7 dew • *Ekime kigwire.* The dew has formed.

**kimego** *(e)kimego* n.7/8 helping of food, serving of food • *Ntwaire ekimego kimwei.* I took one helping.

**kimekime** *(e)kim(e)kime* n.7 fading dew • *Obwire bwa kimekime.* The dew is beginning to clear.

**kimemeya**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kimemeya* n.1a/10 (a) naked neck chicken • *Nguure kimemeya.* I have bought a naked neck chicken. (b) undercut hair style (with hair on top while the back and sides are closely cut) • *Abasigazi bataka muno okusala ebimemeya.* Young people love undercuts.

**kimera** *(e)kimera* n.7/8 plant, crops• *Nsimbire ebika bya bimera ebya njawulo.* I have planted different varieties of crops.

**kimereeri** *(e)kimereeri* n.7/8 post-

harvest sprouts, volunteer crops • *Bini bimereeri bya duuma.* These are post-harvest sprouts of maize.

**kimereerwa** *(e)kimereerwa* n.7/8 post-harvest sprouts, volunteer plant or crops

**kimogo** *(e)kimogo* n.7/8 piece, slice, portion • *Mpeeryaku ekimogo kya kiduuma.* Give me a piece of maize.

**kimole** *(e)kimole* n.7/8 torch made of reeds tied together • *Ebimole baabikolesyanga nk'etaala obwire.* Torches made of reeds were used to provide light at night.

**kimomo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kimomo* n.7/8 type of white ant • *Abaana bataka okulya ebimomo.* Children like eating ants. **kimomo**<sup>2</sup> adv. (of speaking) inaudibly, unclear • *Oyo omukali akubaza kimomo.* That woman speaks inaudibly.

**kimote** *(o)kimote* n.1a/10 refined bark cloth (dark brown in color and very soft) • *Okimote agulwa baguuda.* Refined bark cloth is expensive.

**kimpangwe** *(o)kimpangwe* n.1a storm, strong wind, tempest (over a body of water) • *Okimpangwe akubbire ebigogo.* The strong wind has destroyed the banana plantation.

**kimpanuka** adv. hurriedly, hastily, quickly • *Bamutwaire kimpanuka.* They took him hurriedly. uninvited visitor, uninvited guest • *Okimpanuka alya busyereere.* An uninvited visitor eats whatever he finds.

**kimpiriginyi** *(o)kimpiriginyi* n.1a/2 very short person, dwarf • *Okimpi-* *riginyi ngoyo akwiza okusyoma esente zaamwe.* The dwarf is coming to pick up his money.

**kimuli** *(e)kimuli* n.7/8 flower • *Kini kimuli kya mucungwai.* This is an orange flower.

**kimunku** *(e)kimunku* n.5 piece of hard dry soil • *Ankasukiire ekimunku kya itakali.* She threw a piece of hard dry soil at me.

**kimwe** [see *kimwei and (-)mwei*]

**kimwei** adv. (a) completely, totally, entirely • *Weeyebereire ekalaamu yaamu kimwei.* You completely forgot your pen. (b) forever, permanently, for good • *Kitware kimwei.* Take it forever.

**kimweikimwei** [see *(-)mwei (- )mwei*]

**kimwemwenge** *(e)kimwemwenge* n.7/8 smile • *N'amboine n'aizaku kimwemwenge.* When she saw me, she smiled.

**kinaabiro** *(e)kinaabiro* n.7/8 bathroom, washroom • *Akunaabira mu kinaabiro.* She is having a bath in the bathroom.

**kinaanai** [see *kinanai*]

**kinaanyumanyuma** [see also *kyanyumaanyuma*] adv. in reverse, backwards • *Akutambula kinaanyumaanyuma.* He walked backwards.

**kinabukeze** adv. thoroughly, to exhaustion • *Nakoore kinabukeze.* I worked to exhaustion.

**kinaga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kinaga* n.7/8 pot, soucepan • *Yabumbire ekinaga ekikooto eigolo.* He moulded a big pot yesterday.

**kinage**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kinage* n.7/8 tilapia (also used generically to refer to any fish) • *Ebinage nibyo bisinga okuliibwa omu Uganda.* Tilapia is the most commonly eaten fish in Uganda.

**kinaibeere** *(o)kinaibeere* n.1a/2 (a) relative from one's mother's side (b) one of siblings who have different fathers

**kinaigudu** *(e)kinaigudu* n.7/8 merry making, fun, party • *Tukwaba mu kinaigudu.* We are going to have fun.

**kinaliga** *(e)kinaliga* n.7/8 trial-anderror manner of hunting covering many villages • *Omuyigo bakoore gwa kinaliga.* They are hunting in a trial-and-error manner covering many villages.

**kinamadi** *(e)kinamadi* n.7/8 bag for meat • *Mpeerya ekinamadi kyamu nyabe ngule enyama.* Give me your meat bag and I'll go and buy meat.

**kinambulamu** *(e)kinambulamu* n.7/8 useless item, object without a purpose

**kinambulamugaso** *(e)kinambulamugaso* n.7/8 useless item, object without a purpose • *Ekyoma ekyo kinambulamugaso kinageyo.* That metal is useless, throw it away.

**kinamo** *(e)kinamo* n.7/8 valley • *Eirwaro balyombokere mu kinamo.* They built the hospital in a valley.

**kinanai** num. eighty • *Ompyo abba n'amaino kinanai.* A crocodile has eighty teeth.

**kinanansi** *(e)kinanansi* n.7 genital

warts • *Omukali oyo mulwaire wa kinanansi.* That woman suffers from genital warts.

**kindaazi** *(e)kindaazi* n.7/8 doughnut • *Abaana bataka muno okulya ebindaazi.* Children like eating donuts very much.

**kindyola** *(oku)kindyola* v.intr. *kindyoire* to roll one's eyes in an insulting manner • *Oboine nakukindyola?* Have you seen how she is rolling her eyes insultingly?

**kinga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kinga* v.tr. *kingire* (a) to close, to shut • *Kinga olwige lwamu.* Close your door. (b) to veil, to cover • *Omukali yekingiriirye olugoye oku mutwe.* The woman covered her head. (c) to prevent, to avoid • *Naaba engalo weekinge endwaire.* Wash your hands in order to prevent diseases. (d) to repulse spells • *Oisemaka waawo yakingire amaka gaamwe.* The head of the family repulsed his home against spells. (e) to treat (a corpse, e.g. by embalming) • *Orufa mumukinge atawunya.* Treat the corpse so that it does not smell.

**kinga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kinga* n.9 immunisation, prevention, vaccination • *Enkinga y'obulwaire bwa luseru etandikire.* The immunisation against measles has started.

**kingiirya** *(oku)kingiirya* v.tr. *kingiriirye* to protect, to defend, to cover • *Yaimwire enkinga aiguru okukingiirya omutwe gwamwe.* He held up his shield to protect his head from the attack.

**kingula** *(oku)kingula* v.tr. *kingwire* to open, to uncover • *Kingula olwige.* Open the door.

**kini** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**kiniga** *(e)kiniga* n.7/8 anger, fury, jealousy, jealous rage • *Ekiniga ekingi kiseenya amaka.* A lot of anger destroys families.

**kinigambwene** adv. determinedly, resolutely • *Weekalangule kinigambwene.* Work resolutely.

**kiniika** *(oku)kiniika* v.tr. *kiniikire* to mock, to make fun of, to laugh at • *Tinyendya omuntu akiniika abaira baamwe.* I hate a person who mocks others.

**kinkata** *(e)kinkata* n.7/8 hot pads, pot holders, trivet • *Biikirya ekinaga oku kinkata.* Put the saucepan on the trivet.

**kinkoona** [see also *wakikona*] <Ruruuli> *(o)kinkoona* n.1a/10 pied crow (*Corvus albus*) • *Okinkoona alina ebipaapi ebyeru n'ebiraguzu.* The plumage of the pied crow is black and white.

**kinobe** *(o)kinobe* n.7/8 abandoned person • *Omwana oyo kinobe bambi.* Oh dear, that is an abandoned child. **kinola** *(e)kinola* n.7/8 type of mushroom (brown inside and cream on the outside)

**kinonko** [see also *kinosoka*] *(e)kinonko* n.7/8 sound of cracking one's knuckles • *Amigire ekyala ni muzwamu ekinonko.* He pressed his finger hard and cracked his knuckles.

**kinoso** *(e)kinoso* n.7/8 fresh ground-

nuts boiled in their shells • *Ebinoso biwooma muno.* Fresh groundnuts boiled in their shells are very tasty.

**kinosoka** [see also *kinonko*] *(e)kinosoka* n.7/8 sound of cracking one's knuckles • *Abaana bataka muno okunosola ebinosoka.* Children love cracking their knuckles.

**kintikitiki** *(e)kintikitiki* n.7/8 owl • *Ekintikitiki kikukunga.* The owl is hooting.

**kintu**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kintu* n.7/8 (a) thing, something • *Ta ani ekintu ekyo.* Put that thing here. (b) foetus, unborn baby, pregnancy • *Omukali ata n'ekintu.* The woman is pregnant. (lit. The woman is with a thing.)

**Kintu**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Kintu* n.1a the first Muganda • *Kintu mbu niye Muganda eyekereire.* It is believed that Kintu was the first Muganda.

**kinulinuli** *(e)kinulinuli* n.7 sweetish flavour, slight sweetness • *Omu caayi mubbairemu kinulinuli.* The tea was somewhat sweet.

**kinumpunumpu** *(e)kinumpunumpu* n.7/8 anther (of banana fruit), flower sheath of the plantain • *Ebinumpunumpu bingi oku matooke.* There are many anthers on the banana.

**kinunko** *(e)kinunko* n.7/8 horny wall of a hoof • *Ekinunko nijo nkaito ya kisolo.* The horny wall of a hoof serves as a shoe for an animal.

**kinunulize** *(e)kinunulize* n.7/8 sweetish, slightly sweet • *Ntaka okulya ebintu bya kinunulize.* I like eating slightly sweet things.

**kinuulo** *(e)kinuulo* n.7/8 inner part of the hoof • *Abantu baingi bataka muno okulya ebinuulo.* Many people love eating the inner part of the hoof. **kinyaanya** *(e)kinyaanya* n.7/8 impetigo (common skin infection in infants and children) • *Abankeremba batera okulwala ebinyaanya.* Newborns are often affected by impetigo. **kinyaaro** *(e)kinyaaro* n.7/8 urinal • *Yaba onyaale omu kinyaaro.* Go and urinate in the urinal.

**kinyaata** *(e)kinyaata* n.7/8 food without sauce or relish • *Ebinyaata biriibwa booro.* Food without sauce is eaten by the poor.

**kinyabantu** *(e)kinyabantu* n.7/8 (a) ghost in a shape of an object • *Ekinyabantu kitiinisya abaana.* A ghost in a shape of an object scares children. (b) cartoon, animation • *Ekinyabantu mu kitabo kyasekeserye abaana.* The cartoon in the book made the children laugh.

**kinyabayinda** *(e)kinyabayinda* n.7/8 herb used to treat stomach pain **kinyai** *(e)kinyai* n.7/8 tomentose burbark (*Triumfetta tomentosa*, tropical shrub, the fibre from the bark of the lower part of the stem is widely used for making ropes and strings, these ropes are in turn frequently used for tying reeds in roof constructions)

**Kinyala** *(e)Kinyala* n.7 Banyala way, Banyala style • *Abinire Kinyala.* She danced in the style of the Banyala people.

**kinyalalo** *(e)kinyalalo* n.7 diarrhoea • *Agwiremu ekinyalalo.* He has diarrhoea.

**kinyamuntu** *(e)kinyamuntu* n.7/8 doll • *Omwana wange muguliire ekinyamuntu.* I bought a doll for my child.

**kinyamunyamu** *(e)kinyamunyamu* n.7/8 monster, beast, demon • *Ekinyamunyamu kirya abaana aba mpaka.* The monster eats pig-headed children.

**kinyangonyango** *(e)kinyangonyango* n.7 morning sunshine

**kinyanyanzi** *(e)kinyanyanzi* n.7/8 cicada • *Ekinyanyanzi nikyo kisiisa ekisinga okukokooma.* The cicada makes the loudest sound among insects.

**kinyanyindo** *(e)kinyanyindo* n.7/8 nasal voice, speaking through the nose (e.g. in case of a stopped nose) **kinyeebwa** *(e)kinyeebwa* n.7/8 groundnut, groundnut paste, peanut • *Ebinyeebwa byona bimeere kusai.* All the groundnuts have germinated well.

**kinyeeri** *(e)kinyeeri* n.7/8 runoff water, streams of water during or after the rain • *Oikendi yatoonyere ni mbona n'ebinyeeri bingi.* It rained and I saw a lot of runoff water.

**kinyege** *(e)kinyege* n.7/8 wave • *Ebinyege bikubbire eryato.* The waves moved the boat.

**kinyegenyege** *(e)kinyegenyege* n.7 excitement, enthusiasm, impulse, urge, drive • *Yakwatiibwe ekinyege-* *nyege nga aboine omwana akubina.* He was filled with excitement when he saw the child dancing.

**kinyenze** *(e)kinyenze* n.7/8 mole cricket • *Ebinyenze bisiisa muno ebirume.* Mole crickets damage crops badly.

**kinyira** *(e)kinyira* n.7/8 large fruit bat, large bat • *Ebinyira birya muno ebibala.* The large fruit bat eats fruits a lot.

**kinyolo** *(e)kinyolo* n.7/8 door bolt, door bar, door handle • *Igalawo obbwe n'ekinyolo.* Shut the door and fasten it with the door bolt.

**kinyololo** *(e)kinyololo* n.7/8 tape measure, measuring tape • *Ntiizaaku ekinyololo kyamu.* Lend me your tape measure, please.

**kinyomo** *(e)kinyomo* n.7/8 breeding ground for lung fish and mud fish • *Endu zeebbisa mu binyomo okwa kyanda.* Lung fish hide in the breeding grounds during the dry spell.

**kinyondo** [see *kiyondo*]

**kinyonyi** *(e)kinyonyi* n.7/8 bird • *Uganda erimu ebinyonyi bya miringo gingi.* There are many varieties of birds in Uganda.

**kinyoozi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kinyoozi* n.<from Ar. via Sw.> 1a/2 barber

**kinyoozi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kinyoozi* n.7/8 type of banana eaten only when it is ripe

**Kinyoro** *(e)Kinyoro* adv.7 the Kinyoro way, the Kinyoro style • *Enkende eyo ya Kinyoro.* That is a Kinyoro way of dancing.

**kinyumba kya mbuli** [see also

*nyumu*] goat shed • *Ekinyumba kya mbuli kigegeire.* The goat shed is very dirty.

**kinyumo** [see *kinyumu*]

**kinyumu** *(e)kinyumu* n.7/8 amusement, entertainment, merry making, fun • *Ntaka muno ebinyumu.* I like to have fun.

**kinyusi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kinyusi* n.7/8 eschar, necrotic tissue (a dry, dark scab or falling away of dead skin, e.g. caused by a burn)

**kinyusi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kinyusi* n.7/8 gist, central point, essence, central theme, heart of the matter • *Ika oku kinyusi.* Get to the point.

**kinyuzi** *(e)kinyuzi* n.7/8 brake pad (of bicycle) • *Ekinyuzi kya gaali yange kigwire.* The brake pad of my bicycle is lost.

**kinywa** *(e)kinywa* n.7/8 (a) bundle of fire wood • *Ekinywa kya nkwi kye yeetikire eigolo kyabbaire kikulemeera.* The bundle of wood she carried yesterday was very heavy. (b) muscle • *Abazeenyi ba mupiira balina ebinywa ebigumu.* Football players have well-developed muscles.

**kinywabwino** *(e)kinywabwino* n.7/8 (a) blotting paper • *Ekinywabwino kyonokeremu akati.* The blotting paper is torn in two. (b) ink pad • *Inika esitampu omu kinywabwino.* Place the stamp in the inkpad.

**kinywansande** *(e)kinywansade* n.7/8 sugar ant• *Ebinywansande bitaka muno okunuuna osukaali.* Sugar ants really love licking sugar.

**kinywero** *(e)kinywero* n.7/8 (a) drinking bowl for birds • *Ekinywero kya nkoko kisaine okukuumibwa nga kiyonjo.* The chickens' drinking bowl should be kept clean. (b) bar, drinking place • *Amaka gaamwe yagafoire kinywero.* He turned his home into a bar.

**kinzaali** *(e)kinzaali* n.7/8 (a) turmeric plant, curry powder • *Ekinzaali kiwoomesya omukubi.* Curry powder makes sauce delicious. (b) dark yellow colour • *Ovulo yaamwe ya kinzaali.* His overall suit is dark yellow.

**kinzi** *(e)kinzi* n.7 flu, influenza • *Mulwaire wa kinzi.* He is suffering from the flu.

**kinzika** *(oku)kinzika* v.tr. *kinzikire* to tilt, to angle, to lean, to slope • *Kinzika ebbinika edi.* Tilt that kettle.

**kipaali** *(e)kipaali* n.7/8 (a) papyrus mat • *Aikaire ku kipaali.* He is sitting on a papyrus mat. (b) carpet, rug • *Eiriiro lyamwe alitairemu ekipaali.* He put a carpet in his dining room.

**kipaapaali** *(e)kipaapaali* n.7 orange colour, colout of pawpaw • *Enkaito zange za kipaapaali.* My shoes are orange.

**kipaapi** *(e)kipaapi* n.7/8 patch • *Esaati yaamwe eriku ekipaapi.* His shirt has a patch.

**kipaatipaati** adv. mercilessly • *Aita kipaatipaati.* He kills mercilessly.

**kipaku** *(o)kipaku* n.1a/2 one who acts hurriedly • *Kipaku abbaireku ani.* The person who acts hurriedly has been here.

**kipampa** *(e)kipampa* n.7 smell of rotten potato • *Omu nyumba mulimu ekipampa.* It smells of rotten potatos in the house.

**kipampagalo** *(e)kipampagalo* n.7/8 mudguard (of a bicycle) • *Ekipampagalo kya gaali yange kizwireku.* The mudguard has fallen off my bicycle.

**kipampagulo** *(e)kipampagulo* n.7/8 shell of a snail • *Ekitaaniina kibba mu kipampagulo.* A snail lives in a shell.

**kipande** *(e)kipande* n.7/8 (a) signpost, sign • *Kini ekipande kirangiira wa muweesi.* This signpost points to the blacksmith. (b) notice board • *Yaba ote ekiisani kini oku kipande.* Go and put this photo on the notice board. (c) billboard, poster • *Adi waliwo ekipande ekikooto.* There is a big billboard there. (d) placard, banner • *Mboine abantu ni bakwaite ebipande.* I saw people holding placards. (e) poster • *Mutatimba bipande byanywe ku kisiika kini.* Do not place your posters on this wall. (f) medical card • *Abakali ba nda babawa ebipande.* Women who are pregnant are given medical cards.

**kipanga** *(e)kipanga* n.7/8 machete, panga • *Mpeeryaku ekipanga kyamu nteme emisaale.* Help me with your panga so that I can cut the trees.

**kipapa** *(e)kipapa* n.7/8 wing • *Onkoko abba n'ebipapa.* The hen has wings.

**kiparati** *(e)kiparati* n.7/8 (a) permit,

license • *Okwiza kubbwebwa niwa vuga nga tolina kiparati.* You will be arrested if you drive without a permit. (b) immunisation card, vaccination card, vaccination certificate, yellow card • *Ekiparati kya Namubiru kibuure.* Namubiru's immunisation card is lost.

**kipimo** *(e)kipimo* n.7/8 measurement, quantity, amount • *Wakoleserye kipimo ki ekya sukaali?* What quantity of sugar did you order?

**kipooli** *(e)kipooli* n.7/8 paste (e.g. of groundnut, simsim (UgE) or white ants) • *Ntaka muno okulya ekipooli kya macande.* I love eating simsim paste.

**kipoopooyo** *(e)kipoopooyo* n.7/8 beanless coffee, beanless groundnuts, beanless beans • *Ebipoopooyo bya mwani tibitundibwa.* Coffee without beans cannot be sold.

**kipumpulira** *(e)kipumpulira* n.7/8 (a) apron-like skirt • *Omukali azwaire ekipumpulira.* The woman is wearing an apron-like skirt. (b) skirt • *Ekipumpulira ky'aguure kikumwika kusai.* The skirt she bought fits her well.

**kira** *(oku)kira* v.tr. *kiire* to be better than • *Oyo omwana akira abaira baamwe.* That child is better than her friends.

**kiraalo** *(e)kiraalo* n.7/8 <from En.> (a) kraal • *Ente zibbasya mu kiraalo.* The cattle stays in a kraal. (b) herd • *Odi omusaiza muguuda ata n'ekiraalo kya nte.* That man is rich, he has

a herd of cattle.

**kiraamo** *(e)kiraamo* n.7/8 will, testament • *Kisai omuntu okukola ekiraamo ng'akyali kufa.* It is good for a person to make a will before he dies. **kiraanyuma** *(e)kiraanyuma* n.7/8 going backwards, retrogression • *Ekiraanyuma kibbi nka omu biro ebya siriimu.* Retrogression is bad especially in this era of HIV pandemic. **kiraaro** *(e)kiraaro* n.7/8 inn • *OYesu yabyaliibwe mu kiraaro kya bagenyi.* Jesus was born in an inn.

**kiraato** *(e)kiraato* n.7/8 (a) sheath • *Empirima agitaire mu kiraato.* He has put the sword into the sheath. (b) tyre sandal, tyre shoe • *Abakaramoja bataka muno ebiraato.* Karamojongs like tyre sandals.

**kirabo** *(e)kirabo* n.7/8 (a) gift, present • *Ka muweeryeyo ekirabo.* Let me give her a gift. (b) offertory, offering • *Kisai okuwaayo ekirabo omu iramyo.* It is good to make an offering in church.

**kiragaano** *(e)kiragaano* n.7/8 marriage vow • *Abagole bakubbire ekiragaano.* The couple made a marriage vow.

**kiragala** *(o)kiragala* n.1a (a) green colour • *Ebikoola bitera kubba bya kiragala.* Leaves are usually green. (b) **kiragala (o)mukwenyi** light green • *Bazwala yunifoomu ya kiragala omukwenyi oku isomero lwamwe.* They wear a light green uniform at her school.

**kiraganisyo** *(e)kiraganisyo* n.7/8

agreement, arrangement • *Bakoore ekiragaanisyo obutairamu kulwanangana.* They have made an agreement to never fight each other.

**kiragiro** *(e)kiragiro* n.7/8 (a) instruction, directive, directions • *Alekere ebiragiro ebya baana okubbasya nga bukyali.* He left instructions for the kids to go to bed early. (b) law, order • *Ebiragiro bye Uganda bita bizibu okuta mu nkola.* Uganda's laws are difficult to implement.

**kirai** *(e)kirai* n.7/8 yam • *Ekirai kirwawo okuya.* A yam takes long to cook.

**kiraka** *(e)kiraka* n.7/8 patch • *Ata n'ekiraka oku mpale yaamwe.* He has a patch on his trousers.

**kirambi** *(e)kirambi* n.7/8 (a) corn rows hair style (b) **kubba (e)birambi** to curl one's hair • *Omukali akubbire ebirambi.* The woman has curled her hair.

**kiramu** *(oku)kiramu* v.tr. *kiremu* to exceed, to surpass • *Kini kikukiramu obwingi bwa saati ze twalagiriize.* This exceeds the number of shirts we ordered.

**kiramukyo** [see also *lamukya*] *(e)kiramukyo* n.7/8 greeting • *Timmaite kiramukyo kya basiraamu.* I do not know the Islamic way of greeting.

**kiramyo** *(e)kiramyo* n.7/8 (a) incantation, magic spell • *Bamukubbire ekiramyo nga mulwaire.* They performed an incantation when she was sick. (b) prayer • *Buli omwei amaite ekiramyo kya mukama waiswe.* Everyone knows the Lord's prayer.

**kirangi** *(e)kirangi* n.7/8 (a) stage of growth • *OPeter ali mu kirangi ky'abasaiza.* Peter is now at the stage of becoming a man. (b) medium height • *Omukali wange wa kirangi.* My wife is of medium height.

**kirangiiro** [see also *kirango*] *(e)kirangiiro* n.7/8 official announcement • *Ojegenge akoore ekirangiiro.* The supreme leader has made an official announcement.

**kirango** [see also *kirangiiro*] *(e)kirango* n.7/8 official announcement • *Abantu bajagalaire oluzwanyuma lwa kirango.* The crowd was in uproar after the announcement.

**kiraso** [see also *kalaso*] *(e)kiraso* n.9/10 (a) arrow (b) bleeding of a animal when hit with an arrow or other pointed weapon

**kirawuli** *(e)kirawuli* n.7/8 <from Ar. via Sw.> lantern glass, lantern shade, lamp shade • *Ekirawuli kya taala kyatikire.* The lantern glass has broken.

**kirayiro** *(e)kirayiro* n.7/8 oath, promise • *Opurezidenti alina okukubba ekirayiro ku mukolo gwa ku mulayiza.* The president has to take an oath during the swearing-in ceremony.

**kirebe** adv. other, another • *Yaba oswere mu kika kirebe.* Go and marry someone from the other clan.

**kirebeeki** *(e)kirebeeki* n.7/8 residence for people of the Bushbuck clan • *Abarebeeki baikala mu Kirebee-* *ki.* The Bushbuck clan members stay in Kirebeeki.

**kireego**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kireego* n.7/8 failure to thrive (insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weight loss in children) **kireego**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kireego* n.7/8 expensive item, high-priced item • *Amafuta ga bireego ebiro bini.* Fuel is expensive these days.

**kirega** *(e)kirega* n.7/8 ferrule • *Ta ekirega oku isumu.* Put a ferrule on the bottom of a spear.

**kireju** *(e)kireju* n.7/8 beard • *Abatabbuliki babba n'ebireju ebikooto.* The Tabliques have long thick beards.

**kireka** *(e)kireka* n.7/8 yellowish banana leaf, banana leaf turning yellow

• *Ekigogo kinagire ebireka.* The banana's leaves have turned yellow.

**kiremba** *(o)kiremba* n.1a/10 black or brown cow with patches of white dots • *Okiremba wange bamwibbire.* My black cow with patches of white dots got stolen.

**kirenge** *(e)kirenge* n.7/8 (a) lower part of a leg of herbivorous animal, hoof (UgE) • *Ekirenge kya nte kiwooma.* The lower part of the cow's leg is tasty. (b) bottom hem of garment • *Egomesi ebbaaku ekirenge.* A gomesi has a hem.

**kirengerenge** *(e)kirengerenge* n.7/8 (a) reed-like plant growing near the lake shore • *Ebirengerenge bibba ampi n'enyanja.* Reed-like plants grow near the lake shore. (b) reed, straw (c) straw container • *Obuseke mububikire mu kirengerenge.* Keep

the straws in the straw container.

**kirerya** *(e)kirerya* n.7/8 coffee without beans • *Ebirerya bibbi.* Coffee without beans is bad.

**kirezu** [see *kireju*]

**kiriisa** *(e)kiriisa* n.7/8 nutrient, fertiliser • *Ayabire Kampala kugula biriisa.* He has gone to Kampala to buy fertiliser.

**kirikitana** *(oku)kirikitana* v.intr. *kirikitaine* to act by trial and error • *OBakwana akirikitana muno.* Bakwana does things by trial and error. **kirimaawa** *(e)kirimaawa* n.7/8 large type of lemons • *Ekirimaawa kitamba ekikoolo.* The large lemon cures a cough.

**kirimba** *(e)kirimba* n.7/8 (a) cluster of fruits • *Anokoire ekirimba kya mapeera.* She picked a cluster of guavas. (b) way of sitting with legs crossed • *Mmwitiraine aikaire kirimba.* I found him sitting with his legs crossed.

**kirimbi** *(e)kirimbi* n.7/8 river bank, lake shore, beach • *OMoses abba ampi n'ekirimbi.* Moses lives close to the riverbank.

**kirime** [see *kirume*]

**kirimyo** [see also *kirumyo*] <Lunyala> *(e)kirimyo* n.7/8 hole digger, excavator • *Mpeerya ekirimyo nsake ebiina bya nyumba.* Give me a digger and I'll dig the foundation for the house.

**kirinda** *(e)kirinda* n.7/8 loin cloth for women • *Ekirinda kya mukali kibba munda.* A loincloth for women

is worn under the clothes.

**kirindi** *(e)kirindi* n.7/8 headgear used in traditional worship • *Bakibandwa bazwala ebirindi.* Traditional priests wear headgear.

**kirindiro** *(e)kirindiro* n.7/8 (a) waiting place (for a hunter waiting to spear an animal) • *Omwigi ali ku kirindiro kusumita kisolo.* The hunter is stationed in the waiting place to spear the animal. (b) bus station, waiting room • *Namwajirye ku kirindiro eizo.* I met him at the bus station yesterday.

**kirindwe** *(e)kirindwe* n.7/8 net for sliver fish • *Obufulu mbutegesya kirindwe.* I trap the sliver fish using a silver fish net.

**kirita** [see also *girita*] *(e)kirita* n.7/8 razor blade • *Ndeetera ekirita eyo ngembe omulezu.* Bring me that razor blade and I'll shave off my beard.

**kiriŋaliŋa** *(e)kiriŋaliŋa* n.7/8 snail • *Ekiriŋaliŋa kireka omukurulo buli we kyakaire.* A snail leaves a mark wherever it passes.

**kiro**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiro* n.7/8 day • *Waakairewo ebiro bibiri bukya omwana awambibwa.* Two days have gone by since the child was kidnapped.

**kiro**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiro* n.9/10 <from En.> kilogram • *Nguure ekiro isatu eza buwunga.* I have bought three kilograms of maize floor.

**kirobyo** *(e)kirobyo* n.7/8 long pruning stick • *Leeta ekirobyo tusale endagala.* Bring the long pruning stick and we'll cut banana leaves.

**kirogamutuubi** *(e)kirogamutuubi* n.7/8 big mug • *Anyweera mu kirogamutuubi.* She drinks from a big mug.

**kirokodyo** *(e)kirokodyo* n.7/8 long pruning stick, long shaft with a knife at the end used for pruning plantains • *Leeta ekirokodyo tuwanule emiyembe.* Bring the long pruning stick and we'll harvest mangoes.

**kirokooro** *(e)kirokooro* n.7/8 pair of vocal cords • *Omusaiza oyo alina ekirokooro ekikooto.* That man has big vocal cords.

**kirombe** *(e)kirombe* n.7/8 mine, stone quarry • *Omusenyu ngusaka mu kirombe kya musenyu.* I dig sand from the sand mine.

**Kirooma** *(e)Kirooma* n.7 Roman Catholic church • *Opaapa niye akuura abakatuliki ab'eKirooma.* The pope is the head of the Roman Catholic church.

**kirooro** *(e)kirooro* n.7/8 (a) shrine, temple • *Bakwaba mu kirooro kubandwa.* They are going to the shrine to worship. (b) tent • *Abbwere adi ekirooro kyamwe kusai.* He has set up his tent properly.

**kirooto**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kirooto* n.7/8 vulture • *Ebirooto birya nyama.* Vultures eat meat.

**kirooto**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kirooto* n.7/8 dream • *Nafunire ekirooto ekibbi eizo.* I had a bad dream yesterday.

**kiroowa** *(e)kiroowa* n.7/8 jatropha (a flowering plant in the spurge family) • *Simba ekiroowa oku lusalosalo*

*lwa kibanja kyange.* Plant a jatropha plant at the boundary of my land.

**kiroriroli** adv. shamefully, shyly, dishonourably, ashamedly • *Akulola kiroriroli nka omukali gwe bakwaite n'omusaiza.* She looks ashamed, like a woman caught committing adultery.

**kirowooza** *(e)kirowooza* n.7/8 thought, idea, opinion • *Abasawu bakobere nti okufa kwamwe kwaligire ku birowooza ebyaleeteibwe omuwoojo.* The doctors said that the main cause of his death was stress due loneliness.

**kirowoozo** *(e)kirowoozo* n.7/8 thought, idea • *Ekirowoozo kyange kyawukaine oku kyamwe.* My idea differs from his.

**kiruke** *(e)kiruke* n.7/8 woven product • *Ekiibbo kibba kiruke.* A basket is a woven product.

**kirumba** *(e)kirumba* n.7/8 wasp • *Ekirumba kinnenere.* I have been stung by a wasp.

**kirumbu** *(e)kirumbu* n.7/8 (of an animal) • *Onte bamukubbire enkinzo oku kirumbu.* The cow was given an injection in the thigh.

**kirume** *(e)kirume* n.7/8 crop • *Ebirume byomere olwa eisana eringi.* The crops have dried out because of too much sun.

**kirumuko** *(e)kirumuko* n.7/8 cupping horn (used for treatment), instrument or vessel used for cupping or bleeding • *Abasumu bakolesya ebirumuko okujanjaba abantu.* Traditional healers use cupping horns to treat people.

**kirumyo** [see also *kirimyo*] <Ruruuli> *(e)kirumyo* n.7/8 hole digger, excavator • *Ekirumyo kisaka biina.* We use a hole digger to dig holes.

**kirundu**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kirundu* n.7/8 *Antiaris toxicaria* (a tree in the mulberry and fig family) • *Ekirundu kizwamu embaawo zinaki. Antiaris toxicaria* produces soft timber.

**kirundu**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kirundu* n.7/8 troop (of monkeys), group (of monkeys) • *Ani wasulawo ekirundu kya nkembo.* A troop of monkeys sleeps here.

**kirungo** *(e)kirungo* n.7/8 spice, flavour, flavouring, seasoning • *Taamu ebirungo omu mukubi.* Add spices to the sauce please.

**kiruubiirwa** *(e)kiruubiirwa* n.7/8 aim, goal, objective • *Nkobera ekiruubiirwa kyamu nsobole okukuwabula okusai.* Tell me your goal so that I can guide you properly.

**kiruuli** *(e)kiruuli* adv.7 the Baruuli way, the Baruuli style • *Ababini bani bakubina kiruuli.* These dancers are dancing the Baruuli rhythm.

**kiruusuura** adv. militarily, in a military manner • *OKagwa atambula kiruusuura.* Kagwa walks in a military manner.

**kiruyi** *(e)kiruyi* n.7/8 wrath, fury, anger, rancor, grudge • *Omusaiza odi ata n'ekiruyi kingi ku mwana omuto.* That man is very angry with the child.

**kiruyiruyi** [see also *kirwirwi*] *(e)ki-*

*ruyiruyi* n.7/8 urge, desire • *Amos ata n'ekiruyiruyi kya kulwana.* Amos has an urge to fight.

**kirwa** *(e)kirwa* n.7/8 common water hyacinth (*Eichhornia crassipes*) • *Ekirwa kibba ku maizi.* Water hyacinth is found on water.

**kirwaire** *(e)kirwaire* n.7/8 wound, injury • *Mutwale ewa musawu bamutambe ekirwaire oku kugulu.* Take him to the doctor so that the wound on his leg can be treated.

**kirwani** *(e)kirwani* n.7/8 weapon • *Atambula n'ekirwani buli bwire.* He walks with a weapon every day.

**kirwayire** [see *kirwaire*]

**kirwirwi** [see also *kiruyiruyi*] *(e)kirwirwi* n.7/8 urge, desire • *Ata n'ekirwirwi kya kulwana.* He has an urge to fight.

**Kiryabaana** *(o)Kiryabaana* n.1a/2 name given to a child born when all his or her elder siblings are dead • *Omwala oyo ayetebwa Kiryabaana kubba abaganda boona baafire.* That girl is called Kiryabaana because all her siblings are dead.

**Kiryabwire** *(o)Kiryabwire* n.1a/2 proverbial name given to someone born at night (lit. What eats at night trusts its eyes.)

**kiryama** *(e)kiryama* n.7/8 Congo signal or Congo grass, a forage crop (*Brachiaria ruziziensis*) • *Ebiramya bizubu okuluma.* Congo signal is difficult to clear.

**kiryanyonyi** *(e)kiryanyonyi* n.7/8 fruit of a tree of the genus *Ficus*

**kisa**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisa* n.7/8 kindness, compassion, sympathy, grace, favour, mercy • *Ekisa kya Kanca kingi.* God's kindness is paramount.

**kisa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisa* n.7/8 labour pain • *Omukali akulumwa ebisa bya kubyala.* The woman is feeling labour pains.

**kisa**<sup>3</sup> *(o)kisa* n.1a/10 white cow • *Onte wange okisa afiire.* My white cow has died.

**kisaabo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisaabo* n.7/8 calabash • *Amatai gacundire mu kisaabo.* Process the milk in the calabash by shaking it.

**kisaabo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisaabo* n.7/8 mud • *Bairaba mutayema mu bisaabo.* Don't step into the mud, please.

**kisaagaate** *(e)kisaagaate* n.7/8 fence • *Abbwere ekisaagaate oku kanisa.*

He built a fence around the church. **kisaale** *(e)kisaale* n.7/8 log, stick, branch • *Leeta ekisaale tukubbe onjoka.* Bring a stick and we will beat the snake.

**kisaaniiko** *(e)kisaaniiko* n.7/8 garbage, trash, rubbish, waste • *Ebisaaniiko bingi oku lubuga.* There is a lot of garbage around the courtyard. **kisaarwewo** *(e)kisaarwewo* n.7/8 decision, recommendation, verdict • *Kini nikyo kyasaarwewo eigolo.* This is the decision we arrived at yesterday. **kisaato** *(e)kisaato* n.7/8 skin • *Onte bamubaagireku ekisaato.* The cow's skin has been removed.

**kisaawe** *(e)kisaawe* n.7/8 (a) field • *Tukusimba pasipalamu mu kisaa-* *we.* We are planting paspalum on the field. (b) playground, court, pitch, sports field, playing field • *Abasambi ba mupiira baingiire omu kisaawe.* The football players have entered the sports field. (c) airport, airfield • *Ekisaawe kya ndege kiri Ntebe.* The airport is at Ntebe.

**kisagazi** *(e)kisagazi* n.7/8 elephant grass (*Pennisetum purpureum*) • *Oku isana ente zirya bisagazi.* During a drought cows eat elephant grass.

**kisago** *(e)kisago* n.7/8 injury, wound

• *Yafunire ekisago oku mubiri.* He sustained an injury on the body.

**kisaka** *(e)kisaka* n.7/8 thicket, bush

• *Ongabi aingiire mu kisaka.* The bushbuck entered the thicket.

**kisaki** *(e)kisaki* n.7/8 (a) cave • *Abairai basulanga mu bisaki.* Ancient people used to sleep in caves. (b) water shade • *Oku kisaki tulembekerawo amaizi.* We tap water from the water shade.

**kisakiro** *(e)kisakiro* n.7/8 crop (a pouch in a bird's gullet where food is prepared for digestion) • *Kini nikyo kisakiro kya nkoko.* This is the crop of the hen.

**kisamba** *(e)kisamba* n.7/8 (a) island • *Abaibbi batambuliire mu jwenge ne basala okwira oku kisamba ekindi.* The thieves used a canoe and crossed to another island. (b) sudd (floating vegetation) • *Ekisamba kibba ku maizi.* Sudd is found on water.

**kisambaganyi** *(e)kisambaganyi* n.7/8 mat made from banana fibre • *Asula ku kisambaganyi.* He sleeps on a mat made from banana fibre.

**kisambaisiko** *(e)kisambaisiko* n.7/8 down payment for a traditional treatment • *Mpeerya ekisambaisiko nkuswaganire omubazi.* Make a down payment and I'll get herbal medicine for you.

**kisambaizi** *(e)kisambaizi* n.7/8 (a) wetland, wetlands • *Abantu basiisire ebisambaizi.* People have destroyed the wetlands. (b) brewing vat • *Omwenge baguyisirya mu kisambaizi.* The local beer is brewed in a brewing vat.

**kisambazi** *(e)kisambazi* n.7 (c) diluted alcohol, watered down alcohol **kisambi** *(e)kisambi* n.7/8 thigh (e.g. of a person, goat, cow) • *Aguure kisambi kya nte.* He has bought a thigh part of a cow.

**kisambirizi** *(e)kisambirizi* n.7/8 bicycle peddle • *Ekisambirizi kizwireku.* The bicycle peddle has broken off.

**kisambo** *(e)kisambo* n.7/8 overgrown patch of weeds, area under stubble • *Buni bwire bwakulongoosa kisambo.* It is time to clear the overgrown patch of weeds.

**Kisambu**<sup>1</sup> *(e)Kisambu* n.7/8 home or area of people who belong to the Heron clan • *Abasambu baikala Kisambu.* The members of the Heron clan reside in the place called Ekisambo.

**kisambu**<sup>2</sup> [see *kisambo*]

**kisampa** *(e)kisampa* n.7/8 mat woven from banana fibres • *Nkoorayo*

*ekisampa.* Make me a mat from banana fibres.

**kisana** *(e)kisana* n.7/8 (a) brilliant yellow sun at dawn or dusk • *Ekisana kizwireyo.* The brilliant yellow sun has come out. (b) neonatal jaundice • *Oyo omwana mulwaire wa kisana.* That child is suffering from neonatal jaundice.

**kisanani** *(e)kisanani* n.7/8 photo, picture • *Omwala asemeire omu kisanani.* The girl looks beautiful in the photo.

**kisanga** *(e)kisanga* n.7/8 device used for moulding • *Ngulisyayo ekisanga.* Sell me a moulding device.

**kisansa**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisansa* n.7/8 wild onion

• *Ebisansa biwooma muno.* Wild onions are delicious.

**kisansa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisansa* n.7/8 ileum (the third portion of the small intestine)

• *Ebisansa bya onte biwooma okulya.* Cows' ileums are good for eating.

**kisansa**<sup>3</sup> *(e)kisansa* n.7/8 vaginal yeast infection • *Ebyolooni bya ikumbe nibyo bisiiga endwaire y'akisansa.* Public toilets are the main cause of vaginal yeast infections.

**kisansagala** *(e)kisansagala* n.7/8 husk (of simsim (UgE)/sesame) • *Ebisansagala bya macande bigimusa eitakali.* Simsim husks fertilise the soil.

**kisanzire** *(e)kisanzire* n.7/8 joke, trick • *Bye nkukukobera mazima ti bisanzire.* I am telling you the truth, it is not a joke.

**kisarali** *(e)kisarali* n.7/8 overgrown

tasteless food crop (mainly tubers) • *Ekiyaata ky'ompaire kisarali.* The cassava you have given me is overgrown.

**kisarasambwa** *(e)kisarasambwa* n.7/8 maize chaff • *Embuli zikulya bisarasambwa.* The goats are eating maize chaff.

**kisasala** *(e)kisasala* n.7/8 honeycomb • *Ebisasala bibbaamu ojuuru.* Honeycombs have concentrated honey.

**kisasi** *(e)kisasi* n.7/8 rain shed, roof overhang • *Ikaaraku omu kisasi.* Sit a while under the rain shed.

**kisasiiro** *(e)kisasiiro* n.7/8 laying nest • *Koora onkoko ekisasiiro.* Make a laying nest for the chicken.

**kisasiro** *(e)kisasiro* n.7/8 litter, trash, rubbish • *Ebisasiro bingi muno omu Kampala.* There is a lot of litter in Kampala.

**kisaya** *(e)kisaya* n.7/8 outcry, yell, cry, groan, wail, alarm • *Mbaire nkwaba kutandika kuwandiika, omwegesya n'ankubba ekisaya.* I was about to start writing when the teacher frightened me with a yell.

**kiseera**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiseera* n.7/8 time, period • *Ebiseera bya kwaba e Germany biikire.* The time to go to Germany has come.

**kiseera**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiseera* n.7/8 (a) wrinkle, line • *Omukali ata n'ebiseera omu ikoti.* The woman has lines on her neck. (b) palm lines, palmar creases • *Abalaguli bakolesya ebiseera bya mu kiganja okumanya omukisa gwa mu-* *ntu.* Fortune tellers use one's palm lines to foretell one's luck.

**kiseere** *(e)kiseere* n.7/8 knife without a handle, blade of a knife • *Ndetera ani ekiseere.* Bring me the knife without a handle.

**kiseizere** *(e)kiseizere* n.7 mound populated by big flying termites• *Ekiswa ekisezere bakisakirewo.* The termite mound has been dug up.

**kisekesa** *(e)kisekesa* n.7/8 type of furry caterpillar (It is poisonous and sometimes has red bristles at ends.) • *Ekisekesa kinkubbire obulungu.* A hairy poisonous caterpillar has irritated me with its short stinging hair. **kisekeseke** *(e)kisekeseke* n.7/8 wrist • *Omukono gwewetera mu kisekeseke.* The arm bends at the wrist.

**kisembo** *(e)kisembo* n.7/8 (a) gift, present • *Yamutoneire onte nga ekisembo ky'amabyalibwa.* He gave her a cow as a birthday gift. (b) reward, award, remuneration, reimbursement • *Bamuwaire ekisembo kya kukeeranga.* He was given an award for coming early.

**kisemeeri** *(e)kisemeeri* n.7/8 fresh local beer • *Abaana n'abakali bendya muno ebisemeeri.* Children and women love drinking fresh local beer.

**kisenge** *(e)kisenge* n.7/8 (a) wall • *Ekisenge kya nyumba yaamwe kigumu.* The wall of his house is strong. (b) bedroom • *Yaba omu kisenge ondeetere eBbaibbuli yange.* Go to the bedroom and bring my Bible.

**kisengeerya** *(e)kisengeerya* n.7/8 wagon of a trailer • *Ekisengeerya kya motoka kyendekereku.* The wagon of the trailer was disconnected.

**kisengere** *(e)kisengere* n.7/8 slag, waste matter separated from metals during the smelting, scoria

**kisibo** *(e)kisibo* n.7/8 (a) flock (of goats) • *Enzoki zanenere ekisibo kya mbuli.* Bees stung a whole flock of goats. (b) goat shed • *Omutamiire yasuure mu kisibo.* The drunkard slept in the goat shed.

**kisigaaro** [see *kisigaarwa*]

**kisigaarwa** *(e)kisigaarwa* n.7/8 residue, remains, leftover part • *Ebisigaarwo bya nyumba eyiire bibba binambula mugaso.* The remains of a burnt house are useless.

**kisige** *(e)kisige* n.7/8 eyebrow • *Abakali basiiga ekalaamu oku bisige.* Women color their eyebrows.

**kisiibo** *(e)kisiibo* n.7/8 (a) Lent • *Abakatuliki beebonereza omu kisiibo.* The Catholics subject themselves to self-denial during Lent. (b) Ramadan (month of fasting in the Muslim year) • *Abasiraamu bakwaba kutandika kisiibo.* Moslems are about to start the month of Ramadan.

**kisiika** *(e)kisiika* n.7/8 (a) wall • *Yaba ogubuure ebisiika bya nyumba.* Go and make the walls of the house smooth. (b) room • *Enyumba yaamu erimu ebisiika bingai?* How many rooms does your house have? (c) bedroom • *Yaba obbasye omu kisiika.* Go and sleep in the bedroom. (d)

honeymoon • *Abagole bakyali mu kisiika.* The bride and bridegroom are still on their honeymoon.

**kisiimisyo** *(e)kisiimisyo* n.7 incentive, motivation, motive, reason, stimulus, impetus, encouragement, impulse • *Abasomesya ba Makerere babayimire akasimisyo kaabwe.* Makerere lecturers were denied their incentives.

**kisiimo** *(e)kisiimo* n.7/8 gift • *Abantu batandikire okugula ebisiimo bya Sekukulu.* People have started buying Christmas gifts.

**kisiiriirwa** *(e)kisiiriirwa* n.7/8 burnt food, burnt residue • *Kini kisiiriirwa kya kiduuma.* This is the residue of burnt maize.

**kisiisa** *(e)kisiisa* n.7/8 insect, bug • *Ekisiisa kimunenere eriiso.* An insect has bitten her on the eye.

**kisiiso** *(e)kisiiso* n.7/8 sin • *Oyo ata n'ebisiiso bingi.* He commits many sins.

**Kisiita** *(e)Kisiita* n.7/8 residence of the people of the Sheep clan • *Abasiita baikala Kisiita.* The members of the Sheep clan stay at Kisiita.

**kisiiyi** *(e)kisiiyi* n.7/8 eczema • *Ekisiiyi bulwaire bwa lususu obubbi.* Eczema is a terrible skin ailment.

**kisiki**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisiki* n.7/8 log • *Banagire ebisiki omu lubuga lwange.* They threw logs into my compound.

**kisiki**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kisiki* n.1a/2 frigid person, person lacking the desire for sexual activity • *Omukali oyo kisiki.* That woman is frigid.

**kisikiri** *(e)kisikiri* n.7/8 respectable thing, reputable thing • *Oyo kisikiri kya mukali.* She is a respectable woman.

**kisiko** *(e)kisiko* n.7/8 bush • *Tukwaba kuluma kisiko.* We are going to clear the bush.

**kisindabulisyo** [see *kisindabulyo*] **kisindabulyo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisindabulyo* n.7/8 (a) key • *Titukusobola kukingula lwige luni awatali kisindyabulyo.* We cannot open this door without the key. (b) opener (e.g. a bottle opener) **kisindabuzo** [see *kisindabulyo*]

**kisinde** *(e)kisinde* n.7/8 path, track (of an animal) • *Ekyo ekisinde kya nte.* That is a cow path.

**kisinga** *(e)kisinga* n.7/8 (a) copper ore, copper • *Omu Uganda timukyalumu bisingo.* Uganda no longer has copper. (b) necklace • *Omwala azwaire ekisinga.* The girl is wearing a necklace.

**kisingo** *(e)kisingo* n.7/8 (a) evil spirit • *Omwegi aliku ekisingo.* The student is possessed by an evil spirit. (b) decorated short stick used by traditional priests • *Abakibandwa bakwata ebisingo nga bakuramya.* Traditional priests hold a decorated short stick while worshipping.

**kisinini**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisinini* n.7/8 ember, glowing piece of burning wood • *Ombwene bamukubbire ekisinini.* The dog was hit with a glowing piece of burning wood.

**kisinini**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisinini* n.7/8 grieving period, mourning period • *Ekisinini* *kyaliwa di?* When will that mourning period end?

**kisinja** *(e)kisinja* n.7/8 barbel (*Labeobarbus bynni*) • *Ekisinja kinola muno.* The barbel is very fatty.

**kisipi** *(e)kisipi* n.7 herpes zoster, shingles • *Ekisipi kyamukubbire omu busyo.* He is suffering from facial shingles.

**kisira** *(e)kisira* n.7/8 basket • *Ekisira kiizwire enanansi.* The basket is full of pineapples.

**kisiraani** *(e)kisiraani* n.7/8 bad luck, misfortune, disaster • *Ekisiraani kizwa ku kiki?* What causes a misfortune?

**kisiriikiiri** adv. quietly, silently • *Yatambwire kisiriikiiri ndoowo yamuboine.* He walked away quietly, no one saw him.

**kisiryongo** *(e)kisiryongo* n.7 smell of burnt food • *Emere ekuwunya ekisiryongo.* The food smells burnt.

**kisisi** *(e)kisisi* n.7/8 gourd (used to hold local brew) • *Ekisisi kyange kyatikire.* My gourd is broken.

**kisisimuko** *(e)kisisimuko* n.7/8 wakefulness phase between sleep cycles • *Abaibbi balumbiire mu kisisimuko kya kasatu.* The thieves attacked during the third waking phase of the sleep cycle.

**kiso** *(e)kiso* n.7/8 machete, panga • *Omusirikale atambula n'ekiso.* The soldier carries (lit. walks with) a machete.

**kisobyo** *(e)kisobyo* n.7/8 (a) wrong, crime, mistake, wrongdoing • *Akoore*

*ebisobyo bya maani okumala emyaka gingi.* He has committed grave mistakes over the years. (b) foul (in sports)

**kisodoka** *(e)kisodoka* n.7 coccidiosis • *Enkoko zirwaire ekisodoka.* The chicken are suffering from coccidiosis.

**kisogasoga** [see also *nsogasoga*] *(e)kisogasoga* n.7/8 castor oil plant, castor bean (*Ricinus communis*)

**kisoke** *(e)kisoke* n.7/8 gill • *Ebisoke bibba mu ncwi.* Gills are found in fish.

**kisokomi** *(e)kisokomi* n.7/8 type of white larva of a beetle which usually lives in decomposing vegetation

• *Ebisokomi bibba mu misaale egijundi.* The larvae live in the decomposing wood of a tree.

**kisolo** *(e)kisolo* n.7/8 animal • *Ekisolo kingiire omu nyumba.* The animal entered the house.

**kisomeeri**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisomeeri* n.7 evening sunshine • *Abakaire bataka muno okwota ekisomeeri.* Old people love to bask in the evening sunshine.

**kisomeeri**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisomeeri* n.7 sweet fresh local beer • *Ebisomeeri bisinga kunywebwa bakali.* Sweet fresh local beer is usually consumed by women. **kisonga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kisonga* n.1a/10 cockerel • *Okisonga wange alampi okukooka.* My cockerel is about to crow.

**Kisonga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)Kisonga* n.7 residence of people of the Grasshopper clan • *Abasonga baikala Kisonga.* Members of the Grasshopper clan stay in

# Kisonga.

**kisonko** *(e)kisonko* n.7/8 snail shell • *Ebisonko bikola emere ya nkoko.* Snail shells are used to make chicken feed.

**kisoone** *(e)kisoone* n.7/8 syphilis • *Abanyala balwala muno ebisoone.* The Banyala often suffer from syphilis.

**kisooro** *(e)kisooro* n.7/8 termite mound on which small white mushrooms grow • *Ebisooro babirolera kusai omu kicweka kyaiswe.* Termite mounds on which small white mushrooms grow are well protected in the community.

**kisoorooro** *(e)kisoorooro* n.7/8 *Senna hirsuta*, *Senna occidentalis* or *Senna ramosissimum* (type of shrub) • *Enzoka zikunduma, mundeetere ebikoola bya bisoorooro ntakunyeku.* I am suffering from a stomach ache, please get leaves of *Senna hirsuta* so that I can chew them.

**kisosonkoro** *(e)kisosonkoro* n.7/8 (a) egg shell • *Ekisosonkoro kya iwuli kyatika mangu.* An egg shell breaks easily. (b) empty box, sachet, tube • *Mpeerya ekisosonkoro kya kibiriiti ekyo.* Get me an empty match box.

**kisotoko** *(e)kisotoko* n.7 fowl typhoid • *Obulwaire bwa kisotoko bukwaite enkoko zoona.* All the chickens are infected with fowl typhoid.

**kisu** *(e)kisu* n.7/8 nest • *Ekyo kisu kya kisyo.* That is a weaver bird's nest.

**kisubba** *(e)kisubba* n.7/8 (a) chest •

*Ekisubba kikunduma muno.* I have a serious pain in the chest. (b) chest pain • *Bakumujanjaba kisubba omu irwalo.* He is being treated for chest pain in the hospital. (c) cough • *Ebisubba birumire abantu ebiro bini.* People are suffering from a cough these days.

**kisubi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kisubi* n.7/8 type of banana used to make local brew

**kisubi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kisubi* n.7/8 (a) grass • *Kandula ebisubi ebyo.* Rake that grass. (b) **kisubi ku riiso** hurriedly (lit. grass in the eye), on a very short notice, unprepared • *Omukali bamutwaire n'ekisubi oku riiso.* The woman was taken hurriedly. (c) lemon grass (*Cymbopogon citratus*) • *Nteeraku ekisubi oku caayi.* Put some lemon grass in my tea.

**kisubiiro** *(e)kisubiiro* n.7/8 story, tale, narrative • *Iza nkusubiire ekisubiiro.* Come and I will tell you a story.

**Kisukwe** *(e)Kisukwe* n.7 residence of the Mushroom clan • *Abasukwe baikala Kisukwe.* Members of the Mushroom clan live in Kisukwe.

**kisule** *(e)kisule* n.7/8 crest of a hen • *Onkoko oni wa kisule.* This hen has a crest.

**kisulo** *(e)kisulo* n.7/8 students' hall, dormitory • *Abeegi basula mu kisulo.* The students stay in the dormitory.

**kisulula** *(e)kisulula* n.7/8 general name for creeping plant (e.g. beans, sweet potatoes, passion fruit) • *Omu ndumiro mulimu ebisulula.* There

are many creeping plants in the garden.

**kisumuluzo** *(e)kisumuluzo* n.7/8 key, opener (e.g. a bottle opener) • *Naani yabiikire ekisumuluzo kya kiyungu?* Who kept the key for the kitchen?

**kisunku** *(e)kisunku* n.7/8 granary cover • *Ekisunku ompungo akinagire.* The cover of the granary was blown away by the wind.

**kisunsuli** *(e)kisunsuli* n.7/8 (of a male bird) comb, cock crown • *Ompanguzi ata n'ekisunsuli.* The cock has a comb.

**kisunsuuro** *(e)kisunsuuro* n.7/8 ginnery • *Ekisunsuuro kya Nakasongola tikikyakola.* The ginnery in Nakosongola is no longer operating. **kisunsuzo** *(e)kisunsuzo* n.7/8 hair comb • *Ntiizaku ekisunsuzo nsunsule eisoke lyange.* Lend me a comb and I'll do my hair.

**kisurula** *(e)kisurula* n.7/8 creeping plant, sweet potato vine • *Emberege zirya muno ebisurula.* Pigs like to eat sweet potato vines.

**kisusu** *(e)kisusu* n.7/8 (a) bark (of a tree) • *Omutoma bagutoireku ekisusu.* They peeled the bark off of the bark cloth tree. (b) peel, skin (e.g. of banana) • *Embuli zirya ebisusu bya matooke.* The goats eat banana peels. (c) nutshell, chaff, husk • *Ebisusu bya maido bisai.* The shells of groundnuts are nice.

**kisusunku** [see also *kisusu*] *(e)kisusunku* n.7/8 nutshell, chaff, husk •

*Nagayo ebisusu bya biyimba.* Throw away the bean husks.

**kisusuuryo** *(e)kisusuuryo* n.7/8 door mat • *Susuurya eitakali oku kisusuuryo.* Wipe off the soil on the door mat.

**kisuubirabaliisya** *(e)kisuubirabaliisya* n.7 late afternoon sunshine • *Ebisolo bitaka muno okulya omu kisuubirabaliisya.* Animals love eating during the late afternoon sunshine.

**kisuumwa** [see *kisuumwasuumwa*] **kisuumwasuumwa** *(e)kisuumwasuumwa* n.7/8 scrapings or pieces of banana pith • *Ebisuumwasuumwa babiikatisya abaana abato abalina ekinzi.* Scrapings of banana pith are used to massage kids with flu.

**kisuura** *(o)kisuura* n.1a/10 goat with fur on the forehead, tuft • *Okisuura aboneka kusai.* The goat with fur on its forehead looks nice.

**kisuyi** *(e)kisuyi* n.7/8 trap for cane edible • *Ekisuyi tikitega mbiri.* The cane rat trap cannot trap a hippopotamus.

**kiswa** *(e)kiswa* n.7/8 flying termites' mound • *Enswa zibba mu kiswa.* Flying termites live in a termite hill.

**kiswaizi** *(e)kiswaizi* n.7 diluted local brew • *Ekiswaizi tekitamiirya.* Diluted local brew does not make anyone drunk.

**kisweita**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kisweita* n.1a/2 woman in menopause • *Okisweita ateekwa kubba mukali mukulu.* A woman in menopause must be elderly.

**kisweita**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kisweita* n.7/8 oversize (of breasts)• *Amabeere gaamwe ga kisweita.* Her breasts are oversized.

**Kisyaga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Kisyaga* n.title given to kings of Baruuri and Banyala

**kisyaga**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kisyaga* n.7/8 signal grass (*Brachiaria decumbens*) • *Ekisyaga kimera ampi n'enyanja. Brachiaria decumbens* grows near the lake.

**kisyo** *(e)kisyo* n.7/8 weaver bird • *Okisyo alya oduuma.* The weaver bird eats maize.

**kisyodo** *(e)kisyodo* n.7/8 chicken droppings • *Ekisyodo kya nkoko kikuwunya.* The chicken droppings smell.

**kitaabbu** *(e)kitaabbu* n.7/8 gourd or calabash filled with local brew • *Muleete ekitaabbu kya malwa.* Bring the calabash full of local brew.

**kitaabiri** *(e)kitaabiri* n.7/8 (a) drying rack for simsim (UgE)/sesame • *Bayombokere ekitaabiri kya macande ekikooto.* They have constructed a big drying rack for simsim.

**kitaadiri** *(e)kitaadiri* n.7/8 (b) raised platform to store hay, platform, pulpit

**Kitaakule** *(o)Kitaakule* n.1a name of a boy whose siblings are dead • *Omwana oyo ayetebwa Kitaakule kubba abaganda boona baafire.* That child is called Kitaakule because all his siblings are dead.

**kitaaniina** *(e)kitaaniina* n.7/8 snail • *Wayaja ebitaaniina bingi oikendi ng'atoonyere.* You will find many snails after it has rained.

**kitaara** *(e)kitaara* n.7/8 type of hair style

**kitaaru** *(e)kitaaru* n.7/8 drying lane for cassava or sweet potato • *Ebiteere bite oku kitaaru.* Put the sliced sweet potatoes on the drying lane.

**kitaba** *(e)kitaba* n.7/8 puddle, waterlogged pit, temporary gathering of water, stagnant water after rain • *Otayema mu kitaba.* Do not step into a puddle.

**kitabo** *(e)kitabo* n.7/8 <from Ar. via Sw.> book • *Ndeetera ekitabo ekya byafaayo bya Uganda.* Bring me the book on Uganda's history.

**kitabu** *(e)kitabu* n.7/8 bed • *Abbasirye mu kitabu kyamwe.* He slept in his bed.

**kitafeeri** *(e)kitafeeri* n.7/8 soursop, graviola • *Ekitafeeri kibala ekiwooma.* The soursop is a sweet fruit.

**kitagatya** *(e)kitagatya* n.7/8 traditional oven • *Omukubi agutaire mu kitagatya.* He put the sauce into the traditional oven.

**kitakabala** *(e)kitakabala* n.7/8 large clay pot, large pot for water, large vessel • *Mwizulye ekitakabala kyange amaizi.* Fill my large pot with water.

**kitakali** *(e)kitakali* n.7 brown colour • *Olugoye lwamwe lwa kitakali.* Her dress is brown.

**kitakalitakali** *(e)kitakalitakali* n.7 reddish-brown colour • *Aguure olugoye lwa kitakalitakali.* He bought a reddish-brown garment.

**kitakibwa** *(e)kitakibwa* n.7/8 need,

want, requirement • *Tulina ebitakibwa omu bwomi bwaiswe.* We have needs in our lives.

**kitale** *(o)kitale* n.1a/10 white cow • *Abaliisya bataka okuliisya zikitale.* Cattle keepers like keeping white cows.

**kitalo**<sup>1</sup> adv. (a) too much, very much, very fast • *Kini kitalo!* It is too much! (b) too bad, so sad • *Ka kitalo muno okufeerwa omaawo.* It is a pity that you have lost your mom.

**kitalo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kitalo* n.7/8 wonder, marvel

**kitamaali**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kitamaali* n.7/8 (a) type of tree that grows on the shores (b) floating log • *Abaana bakugimbira ku bitamaali.* Children are floating on logs.

**kitambaala** *(e)kitambaala* n.7/8 (a) sash • *Mpeerya ekitambaala mbinemu.* Give me a sash and I'll dance a bit. (b) turban • *Abawarabu babbwere ebitambaala.* Arabs wear turbans. (c) head scarf • *Omukali yeebbwere ekitambaala.* The woman is wearing a head scarf. (d) waistband • *Gomesi abakali bazibwesya bitambala.* Women tie the gomesi using a waistband. (e) tablecloth • *Emeeza yaamwe eriku ekitambaala.* His dining table is covered with a table cloth.

**kitambiro** *(e)kitambiro* n.7/8 church mass, church service • *Ekitambiro kya misa kiweire.* The church service has concluded.

**kitambo** *(e)kitambo* n.7/8 evil spirit (which turns people into cannibals) • *Omusaiza odi aliku ekitambo.* That man is possessed by an evil spirit which turns people into cannibals.

**kitambulisyo** *(e)kitambulisyo* n.7/8 identity card • *Kisai okubba n'ekitambulisyo.* It is good to have an identity card.

**kitamiirya** *(e)kitamiirya* n.7/8 alcohol, alcoholic beverag • *Mulekerawo okunywa ebitamiirya.* Stop drinking alcohol!

**kitanda** *(e)kitanda* n.7/8 bed • *Ekitanda kyamwe kirimu ebiku.* His bed has bed bugs.

**kitani** *(e)kitani* n.7/8 placenta • *Liika ekitani ekyo embwene zitakirya.* Bury that placenta so that the dogs do not eat it.

**kitantalankembo** *(e)kitantalankembo* n.7/8 type of yam

**kitanvuuwo** *(e)kitanvuuwo* n.7/8 sash • *Abakali bebbwa ebitanvuuwo oku gomesi.* Women wear a sash on a gomesi. (lit. Women tie themselves with a sash on a gomesi.)

**kitarasa** *(e)kitarasa* n.7/8 whitewash (win in a game in which the loser scores no points) • *OMusiita bamukubbire kitarasa.* Musiita whitewashed.

**kitebe** *(e)kitebe* n.7/8 headquarters • *Ekitebe kya poliisi kita Naguru.* The police headquarters are located at Naguru.

**kiteekero** *(e)kiteekero* n.7/8 place where a pot is kept • *Omu kiteekero kya nsuwa wabbaawo ebikere.* There are frogs where the pot is kept.

**kiteera** *(e)kiteera* n.7/8 banana plant under which a placenta is buried • *Ekiteera kibbaaku emizizo gingi.* The banana plant where the placenta is buried has many taboos.

**kiteere** *(e)kiteere* n.7/8 sweet potato slice • *Ebiteere bikaare kusai.* The sweet potato slices have dried well.

**kiteeso** *(e)kiteeso* n.7/8 (a) suggestion, proposal • *Leeta ekiteeso kyamu.* Bring forward your suggestion. (b) minutes, summarised record of the proceedings at a meeting, notes, transcript • *Wandiika ebiteeso bya lukiiko.* Write down the minutes of the meeting.

**kiteeteeyi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kiteeteeyi* n.7/8 dress • *OZarina alina ebiteeteeyi ebisai.* Zarina has beautiful dresses.

**kiteeteeyi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kiteeteeyi* n.7/8 round object, circle • *Ayombekere enyumba ya kiteeteeyi.* He has constructed a round house.

**kitema** *(o)kitema* n.1a/2 slaughterer, butcher • *Abasiraamu bakola nka bakitema.* Moslems work as slaughterers.

**kitembe** *(e)kitembe* n.7/8 (a) enset, Ethiopian banana, false banana (*Ensete ventricosum*) • *Ebitembe tibizwaku matooke gakulya. Ensete ventricosum* does not yield edible fruit. (b) headgear of traditional healers• *Abasumu beebbwa ebitembe.* Traditional healers wear headgears.

**kitende** *(e)kitende* n.7/8 soft stone, soft rock • *Tuguleyo amabbaale ga kitende aga nyumba.* Let us buy soft

stones for the house.

**kitenduka** *(e)kitenduka* n.7/8 epilepsy • *Bambi yalwaire kitenduka.* Oh dear, he is suffering from epilepsy.

**kitengeeto** *(e)kitengeeto* n.7/8 bog, marshland • *Emotoka yagwire omu kitengeeto.* The car fell in a bog.

**kitengeetya mutwe** *(e)kitengeetya mutwe* n.7 nodding disease • *Obulwaire bwa kitengeetya mutwe bumaarewo abantu.* The nodding disease is killing people.

**kitengeja** [see also *kitengeta*] *(e)kitengeja* n.7/8 water lettuce (*Pistia stratiotes*) • *OKyoga aliku ebitengeja bingi.* There are lots and lots of *Pistia stratiotes* on Lake Kyoga.

**kitengekero** *(e)kitengekero* n.7/8 base ring where a pot is positioned • *Sala eisubi okolemu ekitengekero kya nsuwa.* Cut the grass to make a base ring from it to set the pot on.

**kitengeta** [see also *kitengeja*] *(e)kitengeeta* n.7/8 water lettuce (*Pistia stratiotes*) • *Ekitengeka kibala oku maizi. Pistia stratiotes* grows on water.

**kitengi** *(e)kitengi* n.7/8 kitengi (type of clothing) • *Abanageria bataka muno okuzwala ebitengi.* Nigerians really like wearing bitengi.

**kitengu** [see also *kitentegere*] *(e)kitengu* n.7/8 rag, tattled cloth • *Omugwairalu azwaire ebitengu.* The madman is wearing rags.

**kitentegere** *(e)kitentegere* n.7/8 (a) rough bark cloth (the first layer of

the barkcloth tree, used for burials and other purposes which do not require a finer type of bark cloth) • *Eirai abaana beeswekanga bitentegere.* In the past, children used to cover themselves with rough bark cloth. (b) rag, tattled clothing • *Abooro bazwala bitentegere.* The poor wear tattered items of clothing.

**kitetenge** *(e)kitetenge* n.7/8 millet chaff • *Yoca ebitetenge ebyo.* Burn that millet chaff.

**kitigi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kitigi* n.7/8 eyelid • *Abakali ba biro bini basiiga ebitigi.* Women of this generation colour their eyelids (i.e. wear eyeshadow).

**kitigi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kitigi* n.7 insolence, bad manners, impoliteness • *Ekitigi omu baana kibbi muno.* Insolence in children is bad.

**kitiibwa** *(e)kitiibwa* n.7/8 respect, honour • *Ntaamu ekitiibwa.* Show me some respect.

**kitiini** *(e)kitiini* 7 cowardness • *Endwana yaamwe ya kiitini.* His way of fighting is cowardly.

**kitiinisya** *(e)kitiinisya* n.7 (a) honour, respect • *Abakama bata ne kitiinisya kingi.* Kings demand a lot of respect. (b) glory, fame, praise • *OKanca akusaanira ekitiinisya kyona kyona.* God deserves all the glory.

**kitiiri** *(e)kitiiri* n.7/8 <from taboo> anus • *Ekitiiri kikumusiya.* His anus is itching.

**kitiiyo** *(e)kitiiyo* n.7/8 spade • *Leeta ani ekitiiyo tutabule omusenyu.* Bring the spade and we will mix the

sand.

**kitikiti** *(o)kitikiti* n.1a excitement, enthusiasm, craze, fad • *Okitikiti owa kuliisya obunguura yacwekeire.* The caterpillar farming craze vanished.

**kitimba** *(e)kitimba* n.7/8 net (for hunting or fishing) • *Onsolo agwire omu kitimba kyange.* The animal was trapped in my net.

**kitina**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kitina* n.7/8 stem, trunk • *Ekitina kya musaale kifiire.* The trunk of the tree is rotten.

**kitina**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kitina* n.7/8 ancestry, lineage, descent • *Ekitina kyamu kita ayi?* Where is your ancestry?

**kitinde** <Ruruuli> *(e)kitinde* n.7/8 temporary hut • *Abantu oku lumbe babbasya mu bitinde.* People sleep in temporary huts during the celebration of funeral rites.

**kitindi** (a) [see *kitinde*] (b) log placed on the grave to stop cannibals from exhuming the dead body (It is believed that cannibals can perform ceremonies and have a body exhumed without digging up so that it comes out by itself.)

**kitindiryo** *(e)kitindiryo* n.7/8 heel • *Yekonere ekitindiryo oku ibbaale.* He knocked his heel on the stone.

**kitindyole** *(e)kitindyole* n.7/8 mound (e.g. for sweet potatoes) • *Ebiyaata babisimba omu bitindyole.* Sweet potatoes are grown in potato mounds.

**kitogi** *(e)kitogi* n.7/8 collar • *Esaati yaamwe eyonokere ekitogi.* The collar of his shirt is torn.

**kitole** *(e)kitole* n.7/8 portion, piece (especially of cooked matoke) • *Afunire ebitole bya mere ya matooke bibiri.* He got two pieces of cooked matoke.

**kitonde** *(e)kitonde* n.7/8 creature • *Tuli bitonde bya Kanca.* We are God's creatures.

**kitondeerye** *(e)kitondeerye* n.7/8 post-harvest sprout • *Omu ndumiro mulimu ebitondeerye.* There are post-harvest sprouts in the garden.

**kitone** *(e)kitone* n.7/8 talent • *Tuta n'ebitone bingi.* We are gifted with many talents.

**kitongole** *(e)kitongole* n.7/8 (a) organisation, company • *Nkola mu kitongole kya byabwomi.* I work in the health department. (b) ministry, department • *Omukulu oyo azwire mu kitongole kya byabwomi.* That official is from the ministry of health.

**kitonto** *(e)kitonto* n.7/8 *Crassocephalum vitellinum* • *Abakali abawanda banaaba ebitonto.* Pregnant women bathe with a potion of *Crassocephalum vitellinum*.

**kitontogoro** *(e)kitontogoro* n.7/8 fruit of a tree of the genus *Ficus*

**kitontome** *(e)kitontome* n.7/8 poem, verse • *Amaite okutontoma ebitontome.* He knows how to recite poems. **kitoobero** *(e)kitoobero* n.7/8 variety of foods mixed together, thick sauce • *Aliire kitoobero.* He ate a variety of foods mixed together.

**kitoogo** *(e)kitoogo* n.7/8 papyrus reed (*Cyperus papyrus*) • *Ebitoogo bi-* *kuure muno.* The papyrus reeds have overgrown.

**kitooke** *(e)kitooke* n.7/8 (a) banana plant • *Akusimba bitooke.* He is planting banana plants. (b) yellow millet • *Obwita bwa kitooke buwooma muno.* The yellow millet variety is very delicious.

**kitooletoole** *(e)kitooletoole* n.7/8 illmannered person, uncivilised person, stupid person • *Tinsobola kuswera musaiza kitooletoole.* I cannot marry an ill-mannered man.

**kitugwa** *(e)kitugwa* n.7/8 domesticated animal • *Ebitugwa bya bbeeyi okulisya.* Domesticated animals are expensive to keep.

**kituku** *(e)kituku* n.7/8 light-skinned • *Omukali kituku aboneka kusai.* A light-skinned woman looks pretty.

**kituli** *(e)kituli* n.7/8 hole • *Igaala ekituli ekiri omu yunifoomu ya mwana.* Patch up the hole in the child's uniform.

**kitumbisisya** [see *kitumbisya*]

**kitumbisya** *(e)kitumbisya* n.7/8 baking powder • *Emigaati bagitaamu ekitumbisya.* They add baking powder to bread.

**kitumbugulu** *(e)kitumbugulu* n.7/8 chicken thigh • *Ntaka muno okulya ekitumbugulu.* I like eating chicken thighs.

**kitundu** *(e)kitundu* n.7/8 (a) part, piece, portion • *Nsaaraku ekitundu oku kibanja kyamu.* Give me a part of your land. (b) area, region, locality • *Nkobera ebikufa omu kitundu kya*

*waanywe.* Tell me what is happening in your area. (c) province • *Abantu baingi omu kitundu ekyo.* There are many people in that province. (d) half, 50 per cent • *Ensi bagikutwiremu ebitundu bibiri.* They divided the country into two halves. (f) bible passage, scripture • *Nsomerayo ekitundu kimwei okuzwa omu Bbaibbuli.* (g) Read me a scripture from the Bible. paragraph • *Asomere ebitundu bisatu byonkai.* He has only read three paragraphs.

**kitunga** *(e)kitunga* n.7/8 (a) puddle, temporary gathering of water, stagnant water after rain • *Emotoka emumisiire amaizi ga kitunga.* A vehicle splashed him with muddy water. (b) water pool, swimming pool• *Ewange waliyo ekitunga ky'amaizi.* I have a swimming pool at my place.

**kitungatunga** *(e)kitungatunga* n.7/8 seasonal pond • *Ente zitaka muno okunywa amaizi gamu bitungatunga.* Cows like drinking water from seasonal water ponds.

**kitungo** *(e)kitungo* n.7/8 product from papyrus reed • *Nkoorayo ekitungo kimwe.* Make me a product from papyrus reeds.

**kitungwa** *(e)kitungwa* n.7/8 domestic animal • *Ebyo ni bitungwa bya Nampiina.* Those are Nampiina's domestic animals.

**kituugo** *(e)kituugo* n.7/8 type of palm tree • *Ekituugo kyameere oku lubuga lwange.* A palm tree grew in my courtyard.

**kituuke** *(e)kituuke* n.7/8 knot • *Ekituuke kyamulemere okusandabula.* He failed to untie the knot.

**kituulo** [see *kituuro*]

**kituuro** *(e)kituuro* n.7/8 (a) abandoned place, deserted place • *Yasuure mu kituuro.* He slept in an abandoned place. (b) royal cemetery • *Ebituuro bya bakama biri Misanga.* The royal cemetery is found at Misanga. **kituuti** *(e)kituuti* n.7/8 pulpit, pavilion, high table • *Aikaire ngedi ku kituuti.* He sits that way at the pulpit. **kituuto** *(e)kituuto* n.7 wind sound • *Wuura ekituuto kya kimpangwe.* Listen to the sound of the wind from the storm.

**kituutwa** *(e)kituutwa* n.7/8 (a) knot • *Abbwere ekituutwa oku lugoye lwamwe.* He tied a knot in his cloth. (b) hairdo in the shape of a knot, knot hairstyle • *Eisoke abbwere lya kituutwa.* She has plaited a knot hairdo.

**kituwo** [see *kitwo*]

**kitwo** *(e)kitwo* n.7/8 gift, present • *OKanca agaba ekitwo kya bwomi.* God gives the gift of life.

**kitwoni** *(e)kitwoni* n.7/8 position, responsibility, title • *Nkobera ekitwoni kyamu omu bukama.* Tell me your position in the kingdom.

**kivu** *(e)kivu* n.7/8 tsetse fly • *Onte aneneibwe ekivu.* The cow was bitten by a tsetse fly.

**kivuga** *(e)kivuga* n.7/8 musical instrument • *Ebivuga bye muleetere ka bingi!* You have brought too many musical instruments!

**kiwaaki** *(e)kiwaaki* n.7 afterbirth pain due to involution, menstrual pain • *Onakazaire akulumwa ekiwaaki.* The mother is suffering from afterbirth pain.

**kiwaalimu** *(e)kiwaalimu* n.7/8 first administrative level in the Islamic faith

**kiwaawe** <Ruruuli> *(e)kiwaawe* n.7/8 (a) shell (e.g. of a snail or tortoise) • *Ekitaaniina kibba mu kiwaawe.* The snail lives in a shell. (b) lung • *Ebiwaawe byamwe omusawo yakobere birairwe.* The doctor said that his lungs are infected. (c) outer race of ball bearings (of a bicycle)

**kiwaawo** [see *kiwaawe*] <Lunyala> **kiwabyo** *(e)kiwabyo* n.7/8 long knife used to prune banana leaves • *Leeta ekiwabyo tusale endagala.* Bring the long knife and we'll cut the banana leaves.

**kiwaiwolo** *(e)kiwaiwolo* n.7/8 butterfly • *Ekiwaiwolo kigwire omu mukubi.* A butterfly has fallen into the sauce.

**kiwaiyenze** [see *kinyenze*]

**kiwakasi** *(e)kiwakasi* n.7/8 piece of carved log used as a stool• *Ebiwakasi mubitayire ayi?* Where did you put the carved logs we use as stools?

**kiwandiiko** [see *wandiika*] *(e)kiwandiiko* n.7/8 document • *Aizire n'ekiwandiiko kya opurezidenti.* He has come with a document from the president.

**kiwangiirye** *(e)kiwangiirye* n.7/8 accusation, allegation • *Ekyo kiwangii-* *ryembe, omusaiza talina musango.* That is just an allegation, the man is innocent.

**kiwaraizima** adv. aimlessly, in confusion, with great effort • *Yairukire kiwaraizima awone okumwita.* He ran away in confusion to avoid being killed.

**kiwayi** *(e)kiwayi* n.7/8 (a) portion, piece, slice (e.g. of cassava) • *Ampaire ebiwayi bya mwogo bisatu.* He gave me three pieces of cassava. (b) group, faction, section • *Abasiraamu balimu ebiwayi bibiri.* There are two factions among Muslims.

**kiweewe** *(e)kiweewe* n.7 panic, anxiety, fear • *Alimu ekiweewe kubba epoliisi ekumuswaganiiryaku.* He is in a panic because the police are investigating him.

**kiwero** *(e)kiwero* n.7/8 patch, rag, piece of old cloth • *Empale yaamwe bagitaireku ebiwero.* They put patches onto his trousers.

**kiweweita** *(e)kiweweita* n.7/8 hypocrite • *Omukali oyo kiweweita tosobola kwesiga by'abaza.* That woman is a hypocrite, you can never trust what she says.

**kiwiwiituko** adv. hastily, hurriedly, quickly, fast • *Yayabire kiwiwiituko.* He went hastily.

**kiwogo** *(o)kiwogo* n.1a/10 female dark brown animal

**kiwoleerya** *(e)kiwoleerya* n.7/8 shadow, shade • *Ngodi adi omu kiwoleerya.* He is there in the shade.

**kiwologoma** *(e)kiwologoma* n.7/8 (a)

large hole (e.g. as ones found in a termite mound) • *Mwana wange tozeenyira oku kiwologoma mubbaamu enjoka.* My child, do not play around those large holes, they harbour snakes. (b) waterfall • *E Kalagala wataayo ekiwologoma.* There is a waterfall in Kalagala.

**kiwongole** *(e)kiwongole* n.7/8 (a) hutch, kraal • *Enyana zisula mu kiwongole.* Calves stay in a hutch. (b) house without a door • *Timukubbasya omu nyumba ya kiwongole.* Don't sleep in a house without a door.

**kiwongwa** *(e)kiwongwa* n.7/8 sacrifice, offering, ritual slaughter • *Ababandwa batambira onkoko nk'ekiwongwa.* The traditional priests offer a chicken as a sacrifice.

**kiwoopi** *(e)kiwoopi* n.7/8 parish • *Nkobera omuwoopi wa kiwoopi kini.* Tell me who the parish chief of this parish is.

**kiwoowoolo** *(e)kiwoowoolo* n.7/8 lung (of an animal) • *Ebiwoowoolo biwooma omukubi.* Animal lungs make delicious sauce.

**kiwotoka** *(e)kiwotoka* n.7 banana wilt • *Ebigogo birimu obulwaire bwa kiwotoka.* The banana plantation is infected with banana wilt.

**kiwowoita** *(o)kiwowoita* n.1a/2 rumourmonger • *Abakiwowoita bakutabulatabula abantu.* Rumourmongers cause misunderstandings among people.

**kiwowongole** adv. empty • *Eraadiyo*

*bagiibbiremu ewaya n'esigala kiwowongole.* They stole the wires from the radio, and it remained empty.

**kiwuduwudu** *(e)kiwuduwudu* n.7/8 beheaded body, headless corpse • *Nyajirye ekiwuduwudu oku nzira.* I found a beheaded body along the road.

**kiwujo** *(e)kiwujo* n.7/8 fan, ventilator • *Emotoka ebbaamu ekiwujo.* The car has a fan.

**kiwulu** *(e)kiwulu* n.7/8 (a) hole, crack • *Enyumba bagifumwiremu ekiwulu.* They dug a hole in the wall of the house. (b) nostril • *Encwi zibbaaku obuwulu.* Fish have nostrils. (c) mortar • *Amaido ngawondera mu kiwulo.* I pound groundnuts in the mortar.

**kiwunaamiirya** *(e)kiwunaamiirya* n.7/8 wonder, miracle, surprise • *Kiwunaamiirya ombwene okukama onte.* It is a wonder for a dog to milk a cow. (Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**kiwuta** *(e)kiwuta* n.7/8 fresh wound, injury • *Abantu abaagwire oku kasuume bafunire ebiwuta.* The people who were involved in an accident sustained injuries.

**kiwuubiiro** *(e)kiwuubiiro* n.7/8 accelerator, gas pedal • *Epikipiki ebbaaku ekiwuubiiro.* The motorcycle has an accelerator.

**kiyaata** *(e)kiyaata* n.7/8 sweet potato • *Abaruuli n'Abanyala balima muno ebiyaata.* The Baruuli and Banyala grow a lot of sweet potatoes.

**kiyagi** *(e)kiyagi* n.7/8 necklace • *Abaala bazwala ebiyagi.* Girls wear necklaces.

**kiyeero** *(e)kiyeero* n.7/8 place where something was burnt • *Kini nikyo kiyeero kya motoka.* This is where the car got burnt.

**kiyenje** *(e)kiyenje* n.7/8 cockroach • *Enkoko zirya ebiyenje.* Chickens eat cockroaches.

**kiyenke** *(e)kiyenke* n.7/8 cataract • *Ata n'ekiyenke oku riiso.* He is suffering from a cataract. (lit. He has a cataract on the eye.)

**kiyenze** *(e)kiyenze* n.7/8 cockroach • *Enkoko zirya ebiyenze.* Chickens eat cockroaches.

**kiyigo** *(e)kiyigo* n.7/8 (a) bathroom • *Anaabira mu kiyigo.* He bathes in the bathroom. (b) urinal • *Ekiyigo kya basaiza kikuwunya muno.* The men's urinal smells a lot.

**kiyimba** *(e)kiyimba* n.7/8 bean • *Ekiyimba kimeere.* The beans have germinated.

**kiyimbye** *(e)kiyimbye* n.7/8 heap, pile • *Engoye zibbaire mu kiyimbye.* The clothes were in a heap.

**kiyinda** *(e)kiyinda* n.7 residence or place for people of the Monkey clan **kiyindula** *(e)kiyindula* n.7/8 Indian abutilon (*Abutilon indicum*) • *Ekiyindula kiyindula emisango. Abutilon indicum* is believed to avert judgement of cases in courts of law.

**kiyingula** *(e)kiyingula* n.7/8 big piece, chunk (of meat) • *Mbawaire ebiyingula bya nyama.* I gave them big pieces of meat.

**kiyinzi** *(e)kiyinzi* n.7 flu • *Mulwaire wa kiyinzi.* He is suffering from the flu.

**Kiyira** *(o)Kiyira* n.1a River Nile • *Omwiga Kiyira gusibuka omu Uganda.* The River Nile starts in Uganda. **kiyoboryo** <Ruruuli> *(e)kiyobooryo* n.7/8 old skin of reptiles after shedding, cast off outer cuticle of insects • *Ekiyobooryo kiranga nti awo waliwo onjoka.* A snakeskin shows that

there is a snake in the area. **kiyondo** *(e)kiyondo* n.7/8 air plant, cathedral bells (*Kalanchoe pinnata* or *Bryophyllum pinnatum*, a succulent plant type used to treat skin infections) • *Ekiyondo kitamba onabugere. Kalanchoe pinnata* cures foot fungus. **kiyonga** *(e)kiyonga* n.7/8 sparks of bushfire, charred remains, burnedout remains • *Ebiyonga kyakoleirye enyumba yange.* The sparks from the bushfire ignited my house.

**kiyongobero** *(e)kiyongobero* n.7/8 misery, unhappiness, distress • *Muzwere, akyali mu kiyongobero.* Leave him, he is still in a miserable state.

**kiyudaaya** *(e)kiyudaaya* n.7 Judaism, Jewish way • *Aramya kiyudaaya.* He prays in the Jewish way. **kiyulu** *(e)kiyulu* n.7/8 papyrus grass (*Cyperus alternifolius*) • *Ekiyulu kini nkwaba kukikoluklamu ekiibbo.* I am going to make a basket from this papyrus.

**kiyuuge** *(e)kiyuuge* n.7/8 kind of small water lily • *Ebiyuuge bisiisire* *enchwi eziri omu enyanja.* The water lily has destroyed the fish in the lake.

**Kizaazi** *(o)Kizaazi* n.1a type of spirit responsible for giving children • *Abanyala bakoba nti oKizaazi agaba embyalo.* The Banyala believe that Kizaazi is responsible for blessing people with children.

**kizeenyero** *(e)kizeenyero* n.7/8 playground • *Embiro tuziirukira mu kizeenyero.* We do athletics at the playground.

**kizibiti** *(e)kizibiti* n.7/8 evidence, proof • *Omusango tiguliku ekizibiti.* There is no proof for this case.

**kizibu** [see *kizubu*]

**kizigo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kizigo* n.7/8 vaseline, petrolleum jelly • *Akwesiiga bizigo.* She is smearing herself with vaseline.

**kizigo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kizigo* n.7/8 place where animal is cornered in hunting, animal's hideout • *Okisolo baamwitiire oku kizigo.* The animal was killed in its hideout.

**kiziiro** *(e)kiziiro* n.7/8 suffocation, asphyxia, interruption of breathing • *Yafiire ekiziiro.* He died of suffocation.

**kizimba** *(e)kizimba* n.7/8 (a) boil, abscess, pustule • *Ata n'ekizimba oku itama.* He has a boil on his cheek. (b) sore, wound, injury • *Omwana ata n'obuzimba oku mubiri.* The child has sores on its body. (c) fibroid • *Yawonere ebizimba bya munda.* He was cured of fibroids.

**kizimbe** *(e)kizimbe* n.7/8 building • *Yaba oku kizimbe kidi ekiyaaka.* Go to that new building.

**kizimbulukusya** *(e)kizimbulukusya* n.7/8 (a) yeast • *Ekizimbulukusya okiteire ayi?* Where did you put the yeast? (b) baking powder • *Emigaati bagitaamu ekizimbulukusya.* They add baking powder to bread.

**kizinga** *(e)kizinga* n.7/8 island • *Ebiro bini abba ku kizinga.* These days he lives on the island.

**kizingiri** *(e)kizingiri* n.7/8 grauer's broadbill, African green broadbill (*Pseudocalyptomena graueri*) • *Ekizingiri kirya amacande.* The grauer's broadbill eats simsim.

**kiziriirwa** *(e)kiziriirwa* n.7/8 unhatched egg • *Ebiziriirwa biwunya muno.* Unhatched eggs smell very bad.

**kiziro** *(e)kiziro* n.7/8 swarm of mosquito • *E Kayunga waliyo ekiziro.* There is a swarm of mosquitoes in Kayunga.

**kizizi** *(e)kizizi* n.7/8 (a) gap filler, stuffing to prevent something from leaking • *Ekidomola kiteemu ekizizi kireme kutoonya.* Put in gap fillers so that the jerry can stops leaking. (b) roof beam • *Enyumba tugitaaku enzizi.* We put roof beams onto the house.

**kiziziri** *(e)kiziziri* n.7/8 unhatched egg • *Ebiziziri bitamba oluseru.* Unhatched eggs cure measles.

**kizoka** *(e)kizoka* n.7/8 colic • *Omukaire wange akulumwa ekizoka kimu-* *lemeserye okulya.* My parent is suffering from colic and cannot eat.

**kizubu** *(e)kizubu* n.7/8 problem, issue • *Twali tukuvuga emotoka neefuna ekizubu omu yingini.* While driving, the car had a mechanical problem in its engine.

**kizumo** *(e)kizumo* n.7/8 rudeness, abuse, insult • *Eibara eryo lyafookere kizumo.* That name has become an insult.

**kizungirizi** *(e)kizungirizi* n.7/8 rocket, spaceship, satelite • *Ekizungirizi kiiruka muno.* The rocket flies very fast.

**kizunzuuli** *(e)kizunzuuli* n.7/8 type of reddish beetle • *Ekizunzuuli kisula mu kiwuli kya musaale.* The kizunzuuli beetle sleeps in a hole in a tree. **kizwalibwa** [see also *kizwalo*] *(e)ki-*

*zwalibwa* n.7/8 robe (often of a king) • *Ebizwalibwa bya mukama bibba*

*bya njawulo.* The king's robes are special.

**kizwalo** *(e)kizwalo* n.7/8 (a) attire, garment, article of clothing, cloth • *Ekizwalo kya basaiza Abaruuli kanzu.* The attire for Baruuli men is a kanzu. (b) **kizwalo kya mukama** royal robe • *Ekizwalo kya mukama kibba kya njawulo.* The king's robe is special.

**kizwambiryo** *(e)kizwambiryo* n.7/8 opening in a fishing net, hole in a fishing net • *Ekinage kingiira mu kizwambiryo.* The tilapia entered through the opening in the fishing net.

**kizwaro** *(e)kizwaro* n.7/8 item of clothes, garments, dress, robe • *Nta n'ebizwaro bisatu.* I have three articles of clothing.

**kiŋaaŋaali** *(e)kiŋaaŋaali* n.7/8 jerry can or pot without a top • *Amalwa gasuke mu kiŋaaŋaali.* Pour the brew into the jerry can without a top.

**ko** pro. it (noun class 12 independent pronoun)

**koba** *(oku)koba* v.tr. *kobere* to say, to tell, to speak • *Yaba okobe oBukunurwa aize ani.* Go and tell Bukunurwa to come here.

**kobaku** *(oku)kobaku* v.tr. *kobereku* to counsel, to give advice • *Omuntu n'akola ekibbi omukobaku.* When someone does wrong, counsel him.

**kocoi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kocoi* n.1a method of planting groundnuts whereby a small hole is dug and seeds are planted forthwith

**kocoi**<sup>2</sup> adj. related to the method of planting groundnuts whereby a small hole is dug and seeds are planted forthwith • *Omukali n'asimba amaido akolesya akasika akakocoi.* When a woman is planting groundnuts she uses a small dedicated hoe.

**kode** *(o)kode* n.1a/2 disabled person • *Okode niye ayebembera eisomero lini.* It is the disabled person who heads this school.

**kododoka** *(oku)kododoka* v.intr. *kododokere* to be sticky • *Omukubi gw'aBasudani gukododoka.* The Sudanese sauce is sticky.

**kodola** *(oku)kodola* v.tr. to remove, to take out • *Ontukulu akodola amaiso ga binage.* The otter removes the eyes from tilapias.

**kodolya** *(oku)kodolya* v.tr. *kodoirye* (a) to lower, to bring down, to take down (something hanging) (b) to pluck out, to pull out • *Ongonge akodoireimu amaiso ga binage.* The otter plucked out the eyes of the tilapia. (c) to harvest selectively • *Omupakasi yakodolyangambe ebiyaata.* The labourer used to harvest sweet potatoes selectively.

**kodomala** *(oku)kodomala* v.intr. *kodomaire* to be idle and disorderly • *Okukodomala musango gw'amaani omu Uganda.* To be idle and disorderly is a serious offense in Uganda. **kodomeerya** *(oku)kodomeerya* v.tr. *kodomeirye* (a) to beg, to ask for, to request • *Weena okodomeerya muno.* You beg unnecessarily, my friend. (b) to wait eagerly, wait impatiently • *Buli lunaku ayaba ku wooteeri akodomerye emere.* Every day he goes to the hotel and waits eagerly for food. **kodoola** *(oku)kodoola* v.tr. *kodoire* to scoop, to dig out • *Kodoola ebigita weesiige.* Scoop out the vaseline and apply it on your body.

**koiro** *(e)koiro* n.9/10 lantern, torch, lamp, flashlight • *Nkutaka koiro yakukolesya obwire.* I need a lantern to use at night.

**koiza** *(o)koiza* n.1a/2 maternal uncle • *Okoiza waamwe mulai.* His maternal uncle is tall.

**koja** [see *koiza*] *(o)koja* n.1a/2 maternal uncle

**kokoola** *(oku)kokoola* v.tr. *kokoire* to clean (a filthy place), to wash, to cleanse • *Kokoolawo amabbi ago.* Clean away those faeces. to contract a disease • *Omusaiza yakokoire enzuku n'agisiiga omukali waamwe.* The man contracted gonorrhoea and infected his wife with it.

**kokoolika** *(oku)kokoolika* v.intr. *kokoolikire* to cackle for a long time in fear • *Lwaki enkoko zikokoolika?* Why have the hens been cackling in fear for such a long time?

**kokoolikana** *(oku)kokoolikana* v.intr. *kokoolikaine* (of a hen) to cluck • *Enkoko zikokoolikana muno nga zimaare okubiika.* Hens cluck loudly after laying eggs.

**kokooma** *(oku)kokooma* v.intr. *kokoomere* to shout, to scream • *Kokooma muno bakuwuure.* Shout loudly so that they can hear you.

**kokooteerya** *(oku)kokooteerya* v.tr. *kokootereirye* to draw water carefully • *Kokooteerya otwizi tunyweku.* Draw the remaining water carefully so that we may drink some.

**kokooza** *(oku)kokooza* v.tr. *kokoozere* to cause trouble, to be a trouble maker • *Omwana oyo akokooza muno entalo.* That child causes a lot of trouble.

**kokota** *(oku)kokota* v.tr. *kokotere* (a) to pull, to drag, to put out, to draw • *Kokota mpolampola okwica ne wakitoolayo.* Pull slowly until you get

it out. (b) to fish using seine nets, to fish indiscriminately, to fish wildly • *Lekerawo okukokota encwi.* Stop fishing indiscriminately. (c) nets for seine-haul fishing, sein nets (nets which hang vertically in the water with the bottom edge held down by weights and the top edge buoyed by floats) • *Egavumenti yagaine ekokota omu nyanja.* The government prohibited the use of fishing nets which trap everything indiscriminately.

**kokwotoka** *(oku)kokwotoka* v.intr. *kokwotokere* (a) (of a snake) to crawl, to creep • *Oitimba akokwotoka mpola.* The python crawls slowly. (b) to move in slow motion • *Abantu omu firimu bakukokwotakambe.* The people in the film are just moving in slow motion.

**kola** *(oku)kola* v.intr./tr. *koore* (a) to do, to make • *Tukukola kideero kya Lunyala n'o Ruruuli.* We are making a Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary. (b) to work • *Lwaki otakukola?* Why aren't you working? (c) to handle, to take care of, to manage, to be in charge of • *Kola oku nsonga zini.* Handle these cases.

**kolagana** *(oku)kolagana* v.intr. *kolagaine* to associate with, to work together, to cooperate • *Tinkolagana na muntu mugobya.* I don't associate with a treacherous person.

**kolaku** *(oku)kolaku* v.tr. *kooreku* to treat, to attend (to a patient) • *Kolaku bantu abo.* Attend to those people. **kolansi** *(e)kolansi* n.9/10 tarmac • *Oluguudo lwabwe lwa kolansi.* Their road is a tarmac one.

**koleera** *(oku)koleera* v.tr. *koleire* to catch fire, to be lit, to lighted, to be ignited • *Eisubi likoleire omuuro.* The grass has caught fire.

**koleerya** *(oku)koleerya* v.tr. *koleirye* (a) to light, to kindle, to ignite • *Koleerya omuuro.* Light the fire. (b) to ignite (an engine), to start (e.g. car or boat) • *Koleerya motoka twabe.* Start the car and let's go. (c) **koleerya (o)lugambo** to start a rumour • *Naani yakoleirye olugambo olwo?* Who started this rumour?

**koleerye** (e.g. *kikoleerye*) adj. artificial • *Ebiro bini abantu bazwala obukowe obukoleerye.* These days people wear artificial eyelashes.

**kolegi** *(e)kolegi* n.9/10 <from En.> college, institution of higher education • *Eni kolegi ya busomesya.* This is a teacher's college.

**kolesya** *(oku)kolesya* v.tr. *kolesyere* to use, to utilise • *Tindina bbulangiti ya kukolesya.* I have no blanket to use.

**koli** (e.g. *mukolo, bakoli*) adj. hardworking • *Omukali oyo mukoli muno.* That woman is very hard-working.

**kolima** *(oku)kolima* v.tr. *kolimire* to curse, to cast a spell, to utter curses • *Omukali oyo ataka muno okukolima.* That woman likes cursing a lot.

**koloba** *(oku)koloba* v.intr. *kolobere* to work for a wage, to be employed, to work for a living • *Abaruuli tibataka kukoloba.* The Baruuli hate working for a wage.

**kolokolo** *(e)kolokolo* n.9/10 cup used to measure local brew • *Nsenerayo ekolokolo ya kwete.* Give me a cup of local brew.

**kolokota** *(oku)kolokota* v.tr. *kolokotere* to scrape (off), to scratch, to grate • *Kolokota omuwogo.* Scrape off the inner layer of the cassava. to remove (fur, bristle), to skin off • *Kolokota omberege tumusumbe.* Remove the pig's bristle and let's cook it.

**kolondolya** *(oku)kolondolya* v.intr. *kolondoirye* to spit, to bring up mucus • *Naani oyo akolondoire awo?* Who spit there?

**koma** *(oku)koma* v.tr. *komere* (a) to choose, to select • *Okusobola okwekomerya entamba gy'okwendya okufuna.* You can choose for yourself the best treatment you wish to have. (b) to pick up, to gather, to take up • *Yakomere olupapula n'ayaba.* She picked up the paper and left. (c) to elect • *Baabire kukoma isentebe.* They have gone to elect the chairperson.

**komaga** *(oku)komaga* v.tr. *komagire* to make bark cloth, to beat barkcloth • *Abaruuli tebamaite kukomaga.* The Baruuli do not know how to make barkcloth.

**komba** *(oku)komba* v.tr. *kombere* (a) to lick • *Lekerawo okukomba ekinaga.* Stop licking the saucepan. (b) to taste, to try • *Kombaku owuure obunuli.* Taste it and notice the sweetness.

**kombi** (e.g. *mukombi, bakombi*) adj. with a habit of licking • *Ombwene mukombi wa matai.* The dog has a habit of licking milk.

**komola** *(oku)komola* v.tr. *komoire* (a) to trim, to cut • *Komola olukomera lwa lubuga.* Trim the hedge of the compound. (b) to cut out, to cut around the edge • *Komola olugoye olwo omu musono gw'okwendya.* Cut that cloth into your desired shape. (c) to circumcise • *Mukomole abasaiza boonaboona.* Circumcise all the men. **kompyuta** *(e)kompyuta* n.9/10 <from En.> computer • *Yonja ekompyuta yaamu.* Clean your computer.

**komya** *(oku)komya* v.tr. *komerye* to appoint, to choose, to elect, to vote • *Mwekomyemu ojegenge.* Choose among yourselves a supreme leader. **kona**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kona* v.intr. *konere* (a) (of eggs) to be unhatched • *Amawuli gakonere.* The eggs did not hatch. (b) (of food) to be half-cooked • *Emere gyetwaliire yabbaire ekonere.* The food we ate was half-cooked. (c) to be slow in cooking, to refuse to ripen (d) to be stunted • *Omwana wa Patrick yakonere.* Patrick's child is stunted.

**kona**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kona* v.tr. *konere* to hit, to strike, to knock • *Emotoka kadooli emukone.* She was about to be hit by a car.

**kondakita** *(o)kondakita* n.1a/2 <from En.> conductor • *Ebbaasi*

konkona

*ebbaamu okondakita.* A bus must have a conductor.

**kondo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kondo* n.1a/10 corridor, hall • *Ayeimereire ngedi mu kondo.* He is standing there in the corridor. **kondo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kondo* n.1a/2 robber, thief, burglar, mugger • *Abakondo batandikire okwita abantu.* The robbers have started killing people.

**kondomu** *(e)kondomu* n.9/10 <from En.> condom • *Ekondomu zikinga endwaire ya namunywa.* Condoms prevent the HIV infection.

**koneera** *(oku)koneera* v.tr. *koneire, konereire* to make compact (soil)• *Koneera eitakali ligume.* Compact that soil so that it becomes hard.

**konga** *(oku)konga* v.tr. *kongere* to sniff, to smell • *Ombwene akongere olusu lwa baibbi.* The dog has smelled the thieves.

**kongera** *(oku)kongera* v.intr. *kongeire* to be very dirty, to be filthy • *Bona omusaiza akongeire omuno.* Look at the man who is very dirty.

**kongo** *(e)kongo* n.9/10 kongo (Ateso musical instrument), thumb piano • *Mmaite okukubba ekongo ya Bateso.* I know how to play the kongo.

**kongoja** *(oku)kongoja* v.tr. *kongojere* (a) to carry (another person) on one's shoulders, to drive for or serve as chauffeur for (esp. the Kabaka) • *Bona omuntu akukongoize.* Get someone to carry you on their shoulders. (b) to be infected (with measles) • *Omwana yakungujire olunkusense.* The child is infected measles.

**kongola** *(oku)kongola* v.intr. *kongoire* (a) to remove from a plant, to pluck off (e.g. beans, groundnuts), to pick • *Abaana bayabire kukongola maido.* The children have gone to pluck groundnuts. (b) to evade one's duty, to kill time instead of working • *OMoses akongola muno bairabaamwe tayendya kukola.* Moses is not doing his part of work, he does not want to work.

**kongu** *(a)kongu* n.12/14 young pumpkin • *Okwa nzala tulya obwongu.* We eat young pumpkin during a famine.

**koni** (e.g. *mukoni, bakoni*) adj. with a habit of beating • *Omwana oni mukoni wa bairaamwe.* This child has a habit of beating his pals.

**konimba** *(oku)konimba* v.intr. *konimbire* to be malnourished, to be skinny, to be slender • *Omwizukulu wange akonimbire.* My grandchild is malnourished.

**konjei** [see also *lukonge*] *(e)konjei* n.9/10 algae, seaweed • *Okonjei amera mu kifo ekifuki oku mbalaza.* Algae germinates in a cold place on verandas.

**konkomala** *(oku)konkomala* v.intr. *konkomaire* to wait in vain, to be kept waiting • *Mwojo tolina kya kukola okonkomairembe.* Son, don't you have anything to do, you are just waiting in vain.

**konkona** *(oku)konkona* v.intr. *konkonere* to knock (on a door) • *Kisai okukonkona nga okyali kwingira.* It

is good to knock on the door before you enter.

**konokono** *(o)konokono* n.1a/10 larva found in decomposing grass or trees, maggot • *Ebikonokono bibba mu misaale.* Maggots are found in trees.

**konoolya** *(oku)konoolya* v.tr. *konoirye* to tear off a piece, to break off, to bend • *Tokonoolya ndagala zange!* Don't tear pieces off my banana leaves.

**konteyina** *(e)konteyina* n.9/10 <from En.> container, box • *Muteere omugaati omu konteyina atwale oku isomero.* Put the bread into the container so that she takes it to school. **kontolya** *(oku)kontolya* v.intr. *kontoirye* to click with one's tongue, to click, to make a clicking sound in the

throat as a sign of sorrow or disapproval • *Wewe, okontolya nka musyoli?* My dear, are you clicking your tongue like a night dancer?

**konyoboyi** *(e)konyoboyi* n.9/10 type of fishing net

**koobyo** *(o)koobyo* n.1a/10 water grass with long narrow leaves which cause bruises if it contacts skin • *Okoobyo amera ampi n'amaizi.* Water grass with long narrow leaves grows near the stream of water.

**koodi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)koodi* n.9/10 call for attention (when entering instead of knocking), request for permission to enter • *Naani akukubba ekoodi?* Who is calling for attention?

**koodi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)koodi* n.1a/10 first crude alcohol during filtering • *Okoodi* *anywebwa basumbi ba waragi.* The first crude alcohol during filtering is drunk by brewers.

**kooka** *(oku)kooka* v.intr./tr. *kookere* (a) to sing • *Abembi bakukooka.* The musicians are singing. (b) (of a cock) to crow • *Ompanguzi wange akookere emirundi gingi olwaleero.* My cock has crowed several times today. (c) to break voice (during puberty) • *Omwojo wange atandikire okukooka.* My son's voice has started breaking. **kooki** *(a)kooki* n.12/14 type of small wild bee • *Obwoki bubba bwandi.* Small wild bees are very aggressive.

**kooko** *(o)kooko* n.1a/10 cocoa • *E Mbaale baluma okooko.* Cocoa is grown in Mbale.

**kookola** *(oku)kookola* v.tr. *kookoire* (a) to pull down, to bend down, to lower • *Kookola eitaagi lya musaale.* Pull down the tree branch. (b) to tear off a piece, to break off • *Abaana abaayakaire awo baakookoire endagala za bigogo byange.* The children who passed there partially broke the leaves of my bananas.

**kookoliyooko** ideo. cock-a-doodledoo (sound of a cock crowing) • *Ompanguzi akooka 'kookoliyooko'.* The cock crows cock-a-doodle-doo.

**kookolo** *(o)kookolo* n.1a/10 cancer • *Okookolo bulwaire buluma muno.* Cancer is a very painful disease.

**kookooma** *(oku)kookooma* v.intr. *kookoomere* to shout, to scream, to call out • *Naani oyo akukokooma?* Who is that shouting?

**kookoonya** *(oku)kookoonya* v.tr. *kookoonyere* to tantalise, to make a gesture of offering something without intending to do so, to tease by pretending to give • *Omukali oyo akunkookoonya.* That woman is teasing me.

**kookotozi** *(o)kookotozi* n.1a/10 pied crow (*Corvus albus*) • *Okookotozi ayisana kusai.* The pied crow is a nicelooking bird.

**koola** *(oku)koola* v.intr. *koire* to cough, to whoop • *Lwaki okukoola otyo?* Why do you cough like that? **koomera** *(oku)koomera* v.tr. *koomeire* (a) to keep (food) in a traditional oven • *Koomera emere yaiswe etasiisikala.* Keep the food in the traditional oven so that it does not go bad. (b) to make a fire in the shed of domestic animals to repel flies and other insects, to make bonfire

**koomi** *(e)koomi* n.7/8 bonfire, smouldering fire • *Abalaalo bakirya ente zaabwe ekoomi omu kiraaro.* Pull down the tree branch.

**koona** *(e)koona* n.9/10 <from En.> corner, sharp bend • *Yaba mpola omu maiso aliyo ekoona.* Go slowly, there is a corner.

**koonimba** *(oku)koonimba* v.intr. *koonimbire* to be malnourished • *Omwana akoonimbire muno.* The child is very malnourished.

**koonoka** *(oku)koonoka* v.intr. *koonokere* (of a banana plant) to break partially, to be dislocated, to droop, to bend over, to snap • *Eitooke lya-* *nge likoonokere.* My banana plant is bent.

**koonola** *(oku)koonola* v.tr. *koonoire* to remove, to pick • *Yaba okoonole olulagala oleete.* Go pick a banana leaf and bring it.

**kooro** *(a)kooro* n.12 greed • *Omwana alina akooro.* The child is greedy. (lit. The child has greed).

**koosi** *(e)koosi* n.9/10 <from En.> course, class • *Akukola koosi ya busomesya.* He is taking a teaching course.

**kooti**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kooti* n.9/10 <from En.> coat • *Omusaiza azwaire ekooti.* The man is wearing a coat.

**kooti**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kooti* n.9/10 <from En.> court • *Omulamuli ayikaire omu kooti.* The judge is sitting in the court.

**kooti**<sup>3</sup> interj. without me, leave me out of this (an expression used to show that one does not want to be associated with someone or something) • *Kooti ka mbazwere.* Without me! Let me leave them.

**kooto** (e.g. *mukooto, gikooto, bikooto*) adj. big, large, long • *Ekibanja kyange kikooto.* My piece of land is big. **koowa** *(a)koowa* n.12/14 bow-like device used to remove water from a boat, scoop • *Leeta akoowa twowe amaizi omu bwato.* Bring the scoop so that we can remove water from the boat.

**kooya** *(a)kooya* n.12/14 nasal hair, nose hair • *Akooya ka mu nyindo okeyiya wenkai.* Nasal hair can only be removed by the person himself. (a

# proverb)

**kooyo** *(a)kooyo* n.12/14 (a) longing, craving, yearning • *Nkuura akooyo ka kubona oku bantu bange.* I feel a longing to see my people. (b) banana leaf sprout • *Akooyo ka kigogo kawulukireyo.* A banana leaf sprout has come out.

**kopa** *(oku)kopa* v.tr. *kopere* <from En.> to copy, to imitate • *Oyo ataka muno okukopa abairaamwe.* That one is fond of copying other people's work.

**kopola** *(oku)kopola* v.tr. *kopoire* (a) to cut, to slash • *Akopoire omwiraamwe ensone.* He cut his friend with a knife. (b) to slander, to tell lies about, to speak ill of, to sully one's reputation • *Wamuboine ng'akukola atyo- ? Lwaki okumukopolaku ebigambo?* Did you see her do it? Why are you slandering her? (c) to use obscene words, to swear, to curse • *Lwaki okukopola ebigambo omu maiso g'abantu abakulu?* Why are you using obscene words in the presence of your elders?

**kopolya (a)maiso** *(oku)kopolya amaiso* v.tr. *kopoirye* to blink (one's eyes) repeatedly in a way that shows that one is guilty

**kopwe** *(o)kopwe* n.1a/2 (a) person who blinks abnormally • *Omusaiza okopwe aizire.* The man who blinks abnormally has come. (b) person who talks ill of others • *Okopwe abba muntu mubbi.* A person who talks ill of others is a bad person.

**kopwei** ideo. like this • *Yamutemere ekiso kopwei.* He cut him with a panga like this.

**koro** *(o)koro* n.1a/10 goat • *Yampaire engaisi ya koro omwei.* As a fine, he paid me one male goat. male goat, billy goat • *Yampaire engaisi ya koro omwei.* As a fine, he paid me one male goat.

**koroga** *(oku)koroga* v.tr. *korogere* to stir, to mix, to stir up • *Omwana waamu ali adi akukoroga buugi.* Your child is stirring the maize porridge there.

**koroota** *(oku)koroota* v.intr. *korootere* (a) to wheeze, to breathe with a whistling or rattling sound in the chest, to as a result of obstruction in the air passages • *Omusaiza akukoroota nk'omberege.* The man is wheezing like a pig. (b) (of a hen) to crow because of difficulty in swallowing • *Onkoko waamu akukoroota.* Your hen is crowing as a result of having difficulty in swallowing. (c) to moan, to groan (in intense pain)

**koru** *(o)koru* n.1a/10 slug • *Okoru atambula mpola muno.* The slug moves very slowly.

**kotolya** *(oku)kotolya* v.tr. *kotoirye* (of a hen) to cackle signalling the presence of food • *Onkoko akukotolya bwana ku mere.* The hen is cackling to signal the presence of food to her chicks.

**koyi** interj. (a) expression of surprise • *Ale koyi okukubona e wange ani.* What a surprise to see you at my

place! (b) no way, not in the world • *Nje okwiramu okwaba ewa mukali oyo, koyi!* Me, to go back to that woman's place? No way! (c) expression of fear, disgust • *COVID-19 bulwaire koyi.* The COVID-19 disease is terrible.

**kozola** *(oku)kozola* v.tr. *kozoire* (a) to strip, to strip off bark (from a tree), to peel (skin), to skin, to flay • *Kozola omusaale gudi.* Strip off the bark from that tree. (b) to have (the rope around the neck) loosened by itself • *Onte akozoire omugwa.* The cow loosened the rope from around its neck itself. (c) to pull off (e.g. some of the grass from a grass-thatched house in order to use it to light fire)

• *Kozolaku eisubi oku nyumba eyo.* Pull off some of the grass from a grass-thatched house.

**kozya** *(oku)kozya* v.tr. *kozerye* to dip (food into sauce) • *Kozya emere omu mukubi.* Dip the food into the sauce.

**Kristo** *(o)Kristo* n.1a Christ • *OKristo mwana wa Kanca.* Christ is the son of God.

**ku**<sup>1</sup> *oku* prep. (a) at • *Mba ku wooteeri ya Lunar.* I live at Lunar hotel. (b) on, onto • *Esaani ngibikiirye oku nsuwa.* I kept the plate on top of the pot. (c) about, with reference to, referring to, with regard to • *Okubaza ku naani?* Whom are you talking about? (d) over, above • *Amatai gabimbire ni gasenseka oku sefuliya.* The milk has boiled over the saucepan.

**ku-**<sup>2</sup> pf. object agreement prefix of the second person singular on verbs **ku-**<sup>3</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 15 on verbs

**ku-**<sup>4</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of class 17 on verbs

**ku-**<sup>5</sup> pf. progressive aspect prefix on verbs

**kuba** *kuba* conj. because • *Yakire mangu kuba amaite okwiruka.* He arrived early because he knows how to run.

**kubagiza** *(oku)kubagiza* v.tr. *kubagiize* to console, to comfort, to sympathise with • *Ka nyabe nkubagize oNampija okufeerwa omwala.* Let me go and console Nampija on the occasion of the loss of her daughter. **kubala** *(o)kubala* n.15 (a) mathematics, maths• *Abeegi abasinga tibendya isomo lya kubala.* The majority of students don't like mathematics. (b) **kubala bantu** census • *Nkwaba kubala bantu.* I am going to conduct a census.

**kubandwa** *(o)kubandwa* n.15 traditional worshiping • *Okubandwa kugaita Abanyala n'Abaruuli.* Traditional worshipping brings together both the Banyala and the Baruuli.

**kubanga** [see also *kuba and kubba*] conj. because •*Abbasirye n'aweerayo kubanga yakeerwe muno.* She slept deeply because she was too tired.

**kubatiza** *(ok)ubatiza* n.15 <from En.> baptism

**kubba** *(oku)kubba* v.tr. *kubbire* (a) to beat, to hit, to punch • *Nkwiza ku-*

*kubba ni wairamu okweyakalya otyo omurundi ogundi.* I will beat you if you happen to behave like that next time. (b) to attract, to draw, to lure • *Omwala oyo akubba muno abasaiza.* That girl is so attractive to men. (c) to drench, to soak, to wet through • *Oikendi akubbire abaana.* The rain has drenched the children. (d) to draw, to make a drawing, to sketch • *Kubba ani ekiisani kya mbwene.* Draw here a picture of a dog. (e) to polish (e.g. shoes) • *Kubba enkaito yaamu!* Polish your shoes! (f) to inject • *Onte mmaare okumukubba enkinzo.* I have finished injecting the cow. (g) to photograph, to take a photo, to take a picture • *Omusaiza oyo akukubba biisani.* That man is taking photos. (h) (of a saucepan) to heat up • *Ekinaga kikubbire.* The saucepan is heated up. (i) **kubba (a)kaleka** (of leaves) to become yellowish (a sign that they are ready to be harvested) • *Amaido gakubbire akaleka.* The groundnuts' leaves are yellowish. (j) **kubba (e)kyala** to initiate marriage talks, to start marriage talks • *Yakubbire ekyala akati wa Brenda n'oTom.* He initiated the marriage talks between Brenda and Tom. (k) **kubba (a)kaiso** to stare at romantically • *OYusuf akubbire oDebula akaiso.* Yusuf is romantically staring at Deborah. (l) **kubba (e)mpodokubba (e)mpodo** to expose oneself indecently • *Omusaiza yatukubbire mpodo nga n'abaana*

*bakubona.* The man exposed himself indecently to us in the presence of children.

**kubba**<sup>2</sup> [see *kuba*]

**kubbaigulya** *(oku)kubbaigulya* v.tr. *kubbaigwirye* to dust off • *Kubbaigulyaku ocuucu ali oku kitabo kyamu ekya kemisitule otandike okusoma.* Dust off the old chemistry book and start studying.

**kubbanganya** *(oku)kubbanganya* v.tr. *kubbangainye* to discuss, to talk about • *Mwize tukubbanganye ebirowoozo.* Come and let's discuss ideas. **kubbi** adv. (a) badly, naughtily, disobediently • *Omwojo oni yeeyakalya kubbi.* This young man behaves badly. (b) with a habit of battering, with a habit of beating • *Omusaiza odi mukubbi wa bakali.* That man has a habit of beating women.

**kubbirawo** *(oku)kubbirawo* v.tr. *kubbirewo* (a) to throw down heavily • *Omuwogo yandemereire ne mmukubbirawo.* The cassava was heavy for me and I threw it down heavily. (b) **kubbirawo (e)kigambo** to utter a profanity, to swear, to curse • *Omukali yakubbirewo ekigambo n'etwerinduka.* A woman used a swear word, and we were surprised.

**kubbirya** *(oku)kubbirya* v.tr. *kubbiirye* to close (a hole in the fence) • *Kubbirya olukorogo olwo.* Fix the hole in the fence.

**kubbiryawo** *(oku)kubbiryawo* v.tr. *kubbiiryewo* to clear weeds especially on water • *Nkubbiryawo ekite-* *ngeja ekyo oku maizi.* Kindly clear that water lettuce from the water for me.

**kubbu kubbu** interj. really, exactly • *Oni niye maama eyambyayire kubbu kubbu.* This is my real mother.

**kubbula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kubbula* v.tr. *kubbwire* (a) to press hard on a belly of a pregnant woman • *Ozeiza yakubbwire omukali.* Grandmother pressed the woman's belly. (b) to give birth • *Nkukulayiirira omaama eyanku-*

*bbwire.* I swear by my mother who gave birth to me. (c) to remove (mingled food) from a saucepan or pot to a serving basket • *Kubbula akawunga ka baana oku saani.* Put the children's maize paste onto the plate.

**kubbula**<sup>2</sup> *(ok)ubbula* n.15 haemorrhage • *Omukali alwaire ekubbula.* The woman is suffering from haemorrhaging.

**kubigiza** [see also *kubiriza*] *(oku)kubigiza* v.tr. *kubigizire* to chair (a meeting) • *Weewe, nkubigizaaku orukurato.* Chair the meeting for me please.

**kubiriza** [see also *kubigiza*] *(oku)kubiriza* v.tr. *kubiriize* (a) to chair (a meeting) • *Weewe, nkubirizaaku orukurato.* Chair the meeting for me please. (b) to encourage, to persuade • *Kubiriza abaana abo batayaba.* Encourage those children not to go.

**kucondooza** *(o)kucondooza* n.15 investigation • *We niiwe wakoore ogwa kucondooza omusango gwa abavugi ba boodabooda abakwita abantu?* Is

it you who did the investigation of the killings by the bodaboda driver? **kucungurwa** *(o)kucungurwa* n.15 salvation • *Okucungurwa kwa muntu kwazwire oku Yesu Kristo.* The salvation of man came through Jesus Christ.

**kuda** *(oku)kuda* v.intr. *kudire* to float • *Ekikere ekifu kikukuda aiguru oku maizi.* A dead frog is floating on the water.

**kudaala** *(oku)kudaala* v.tr. *kudaire* to mock, to ridicule, to scorn • *Lwaki okukudaalira omwana wange bwotyo?* Why are you making fun of my child like that?

**kudaali** (e.g. *mukudaali, bakudaali*) adj. boastful, overbearing • *Nabbaire n'omusaiza omukudaali okumala emyaka isatu.* I lived with a boastful person for almost three years.

**kudi** [see *(-)di*]

**kudiirisya** *(oku)kudiirisya* v.intr. *kudiirisirye* to be stingy, to be a miser, to be a penny-pincher • *Omusaiza oyo adiriisya muno taguura bantu bamaka gaamu mere nga ate alina empiiya zingi.* That man is a miser, he does not even buy food for his family, yet he has money.

**kuduka** *(oku)kuduka* v.intr. *kudukire* (of eyes) to protrude • *Omuntu n'agwa omu nyanja akuduka amaiso.* When a person drowns in water, his eyes protrude.

**kudukana** *(o)kudukana* n.15 diarrhoea • *Omwana alwaire kudukana.* The child is suffering from diar-

# rhoea.

**kudula** *(oku)kudula* v.tr. *kudwire* to pluck out, to pull out • *Eyagwire omu nyanja ebinage bimukudwiremu amaiso.* The tilapia plucked out the eyes of the person who drowned.

**kudumala** *(oku)kudumala* v.intr. *kudumaire* to protrude, to stick out • *Ebiyaata bikudumaire omu itakali.* The sweet potatoes are protruding from the soil.

**kudumalya** *(oku)kudumalya* v.tr. *kudumairye* to bend, to bow, to arch • *Obwoine n'akukudumalya omugongo!* Do you see how he is bending his back!

**kudumbala** *(oku)kudumbala* v.intr. *kudumbaire* to be disobedient • *Mwanawe otandikire okukudumbala, tinakusobole.* I cannot bear to stay with you since you have started being disobedient.

**kudumuka** *(oku)kudumuka* v.intr. *kudumukire* to swell, to become large • *ONsamba yakukudumukire omutwe ni yagwire oku kabenje.* Nsamba's head was swollen after he was involved in the accident.

**kudungula** *(oku)kudungula* v.tr. *kudungwire* to mingle • *Kudunguura abageni emere balye.* Mingle millet for the visitors to eat.

**kufukana** *(o)kufukana* n.15 wrestling • *Aliyo empaka za kufukana oku iruguza.* There is a wrestling competition in the sub-county.

**kufulu** *(e)kufulu* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> lock, padlock • *Bbwa olwi-* *ge n'ekufulu!* Lock the door with a padlock!

**kugaita** *(o)kugaita* n.15 holy matrimony, wedding • *Aloowo okugaita abagole okukwaba omu maiso ku kanisa.* A wedding is taking place at the church.

**kugaitibwa** *(o)kugaitibwa* n.15 holy matrimony, wedding • *Okugaitibwa kwabwe baakukoleire Nakasongola.* Their wedding was held in Nakasongola.

**kugeza** [see also *geza*] *(o)kugeza* adv. for example • *Okugeza, aBanyala baingi basimoola Luganda.* For example, many Banyala speak Luganda.

**kugidima** *(oku)kugidima* v.intr. *kugidimire* (of children) to play (especially at night when the moon is bright), to romp, to cavort about • *Abaana bataka muno okugidima okwa kwezi.* Children especially like playing when the moon is up.

**kugira** *(oku)kugira* v.tr. *kugiire* (a) to restrict, to limit, to hinder, to prohibit • *OMuseveni yakugire abantu okwaba mu tawuni lwa Corona.* Museveni prohibited people from going to town because of the Coronavirus. (b) to fence, to build a fence around • *Kugira omusiri.* Build a fence around the garden. (c) to put a hem or a binding on an item of clothing, to hem • *Twala esaati yange ewa mutungi bagikugire.* Take my shirt to the tailor so that he can put a new hem on it. **kugu** (e.g. *mukugu, bakugu*) adj. experienced, knowledgeable • *Omusaiza oyo mukugu omu bya bulumi.* That man is an experienced agriculturalist.

**kugugula** *(o)kugugula* n.15 disagreement, heated argument • *Okugugula okuli omu eka egyo kukuzwa ku kiki?* What is the cause of the heated argument in that home?

**kugugulana** *(o)kugugulana* n.15 misunderstanding, misreading, false impression • *Bakuboneka balimu okugugulana akati waabwe.* There seems to be some misunderstanding between them.

**kuguka** *(oku)kuguka* v.intr. *kugukire* to become an expert, to become a professional • *Abantu baingi bakugukire omu kuwandiika enkuluze.* Many people have become experts in writing dictionaries.

**kuguki** (e.g. *mukuguki, bakuguki*) adj. expert, professional • *Tunga omworooli wa baana nga mukuguki.* Get a professional caretaker for the children.

**kugulu** *(o)kugulu* n.15/6 (a) foot (of a human), leg • *Amagulu gange gazimbire.* My feet are swollen. (b) foot (of a bed)• *Okugulu kwa kitanda kwendekere.* The foot of the bed has broken. (c) footstep, track, footprint • *Mboine amagulu g'ante omu ndumiro.* I have seen animals' tracks in the garden.

**kujwi** *(o)kujwi* n.15/6 knee • *Tiyairukire kubba okujwi kwamwe kulwaire.* He did not run because his knee is

infected.

**kuka** *(oku)kuka* v.tr. *kukire* to remove (grass from a cleared piece of land) • *Kukuka eisubi olitoole omu itakali.* Remove the grass from the cleared piece of land.

**kukula** *(oku)kukula* v.intr. *kukwire* to develop mould, to become mouldy • *Omugaati gukukwire.* The bread became mouldy.

**kukumba** *(oku)kukumba* v.tr. *kukumbire* to empty (e.g. a house by robbers) • *Bakukumbire ebintu byamwe byonabyona.* They emptied the house of all his property.

**kukumuka** *(oku)kukumuka* v.intr. *kukumukire* to develop, to grow, to expand • *OKayunga akukukumuka mangu.* Kayunga is developing fast. **kukumula** *(oku)kukumula* v.tr. *kumwire* to construct, to build • *Omwana akukumwire enyumba ku mbiro.* The child has constructed a house speedily.

**kukunuka** *(oku)kukunuka* v.intr. *kukunukire* to emerge from a hiding place • *Akukunukireyo n'airuka.* He emerged and ran away.

**kukunula** *(oku)kukunula* v.tr. *kukunwire* to take out (from a hiding place), to extract (from a hiding place) • *Amukukunwireyo gy'abbaire yebbisire.* He took him out of his hiding place.

**kukuta** *(oku)kukuta* v.intr. *kukutire* to act stealthily, to act secretly, to sneak • *Lwaki okukuta otyo nga okwingira omu nyumba?* Why are you

entering the house stealthily?

**kukutira** *(oku)kukutira* v.tr. *kukutiire* (of a cock) to prepare a place where a hen can lay eggs • *Ompanguzi akukutira obuguma we yabiika.* The cock looks for a place where the hen will lay eggs.

**kukutya** *(oku)kukutya* v.tr. *kukutirye* to smuggle, to import illegally • *Mbaajirye nga bakukukutya ebiibbe.* I met them smuggling stolen property.

**kukuula** *(oku)kukuula* v.tr. *kukuire* to clean (especially a filthy place), to cleanse, to remove dirt • *Yaba okukuule ekinyumba kya nkoko.* Go and clean the poultry house.

**kula** *(oku)kula* v.intr. *kuure* (a) to grow, to get bigger • *Omwana oyo akuure mangu.* That child has grown very fast. (b) to advance, to improve, to make progress • *Abantu bakwiza kumamaala emyaka gingi singa otekinologiya akwaba akula.* People will live long as technology advances. (c) (of cereal crops) to form bunches • *Omuwemba gukuure mangu.* The sorghum has formed bunches so quickly. (lit. The sorghum has grown.) (d) (of butter, ghee, brew) to be ready • *Amagita gakuure.* The ghee is ready for consumption.

**kulaakulana** *(oku)kulaakulana* v.intr. *kulakulaine* to develop, to grow, to expand • *Ekyalo kyaiswe kikulaakulaine.* Our village has developed.

**kuleeti** *(e)kuleeti* n.9/10 <from En.> crate • *Muweerye ekuleeti za sooda itaanu.* Give him five crates of soda. **kulekula** *(o)kulekula* n.1a oyster nut • *Okulekula alandira ku musaale.* The oyster nut creeps up the tree.

**kulembera** *(oku)kulembera* v.tr. *kumbeire* to lead, to guide, to head • *Kulemberamu abairaawo mwabe oku kanisa.* Lead your friends and go to the church.

**kuliga** *(o)kuluga* conj. since, ever since • *Okuliga ni yaabire e Kampala tairanga.* He has never returned since he went to Kampala.

**Kulisito** *(o)Kulisito* n.1a <from En.> Christ, messiah, Jesus • *Abakulisitaayo baramya Kulisito.* Christians worship Christ.

**kulisya** *(oku)kulisya* v.tr. *kulisirye* to raise, to bring up (a child)• *ONakalebe gweyesigire nti alikulisya abaana bamwe mu mazira agasoborokoki anobere.* The woman whom he trusted to raise his children in a proper way has divorced him.

**kulu** *(e.g.ukulu, bakulu,gikulu)* adj. (a) old, elderly, aged, mature • *Oyo musaiza mukulu.* That is an old man. (b) elder • *Oyo niye mwonyoko wange omukulu.* That is my elder brother. (c) main, major, principal, chief, primary, most important • *Mpeerya ensonga egikulu lwaki tiwaizire.* Tell me the main reason why you did not come. (d) great, important • *Okanca mukulu.* God is great. **kulubala** *(oku)kulubala* v.intr. *ku-* *lubaire* (of food) to be half-cooked • *Ebiyaata bikulubaire.* The sweet potatoes are half-cooked.

**kulubuka** *(oku)kulubuka* v.intr. *kulubukire* to be scratched • *Emotoka yange ekulubukire.* My car is scratched.

**kulubula** *(oku)kulubula* v.tr. *kulubwire* to scratch, to scar • *Owabodaboda akulubwire emotoka yange.* The bodaboda rider has scratched my car.

**kuluga** [see *kuliga*]

**kulukuta** *(oku)kulukuta* v.intr. *kulukutire* (of water) to move, to flow, to run • *Amaizi gakukulukuta mpola.* The water is flowing calmly.

**kululu**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kululu* n.1a/10 ostrich • *Okululu nikyo kinyoni ekisinga obukooto.* The ostrich is the biggest bird. **kululu**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kululu* n.9/10 small drum • *Ekululu bagikubisya busaale.* The small drum is played using small sticks.

**kulumbala** *(oku)kulumbala* v.intr. *kulumbaire* to jut out, to stick out, to bulge out • *Onkaina abba n'omugongo ogwakulumbaire.* A camel has a back which juts out.

**kulundulya** [see *kurundya*] *(oku)kulundulya* v.tr. *kulundwirye* to drag, to pull, to tug • *Omwana akukulundya odole emabega waamu.* The child is dragging a toy behind him.

**kulupya** (e.g. *mukulupya, bakulupya*) adj. (of a person) dishonest, untruthful • *Omwojo omukulupya tasobola kubaza mazima.* A dishonest

person, he will never tell the truth.

**kulya** *(oku)kulya* v.tr. *kuurye* to promote, to give promotion, to advance • *OZiyaadi baamukuurye.* Ziyaadi was promoted.

**kuma** *(oku)kuma* v.tr. *kumire* to make fire, to ignite • *Kuma omuuro twoce ebicooli.* Make a fire and let's roast the maize.

**kumanyangana** *(o)kumanyangana* n.15 reunion • *Abaana abasomeireku e Gayaaza bakwaba kumanyangana mambya.* The Gayaza old girls are to hold their reunion tomorrow.

**kumba** *(oku)kumba* v.intr. *kumbire* to march, to stride • *Abasirikale bakumba buli mambya.* Soldiers march every morning.

**kumbaana** *(oku)kumbaana* v.intr. *kumbaine* to assemble, to gather, to come together, to get together • *Tukwaba kukumbaanira ku Lunar.* We are going to meet at Lunar Guest House.

**kumbaania** *(oku)kumbaania* v.tr. *kumbainie* to bring together, to collect, to gather • *Omu Bunyala mwalumu abakama abakoore omulimu ogw'amaani okukumbaania Abanyala.* In Bunyala there were chiefs who worked hard to bring together all the Banyala people.

**kumweikumwei** adv. (a) one after the other, close together, close to each other • *Amanyumba gali kumweikumwei.* The houses are close to each other. (b) in a squeezed way, crampedly, overcrowdedly • *Abantu*

*baikala kumweikumwei omu takisi ezaaba e Nakasongola.* People are always squeezed in the taxis which go to Nakasongola.

**kunaamiirya** *(oku)kunaamiirya* v.intr. *kunaamiriirye* to lean over, to bend over (so that the head is lower than the knees) • *Mwana we abaira baamu bakuluma, okunaamiriiryembe?* Child, your friends are digging and you are just bending over?

**kunala** *(oku)kunala* v.intr. *kunaire* (a) to protrude, to stick out, to bulge out, to coming out • *Ebiyaata bikukunairembe omu bitindyole.* The sweet potatoes are just protruding from the mounds. (b) to sleep without covering oneself • *Omwana akukunaire omu kitabu.* The child sleeps without covering himself in the bed. (c) to be restless (esp. during sleep), to have a sleepless night • *Ebiro bini nsula nkukunaire.* These days I sleep restlessly.

**kunama** *(oku)kunama* v.intr. *kunamire, kunaime* (a) to bend (down), to bow, to arch • *Akunaime n'akomawo ekalaamu.* He bent down and picked a pencil. (b) to expose one's nakedness • *Kibbi muno omuntu okukunama.* It is bad to expose one's nakedness.

**kundaaza** *(oku)kundaaza* v.tr. *kundaize, kundaazire* to cover up indecent exposure (e.g. of breasts)

**kunduka** *(oku)kunduka* v.intr. *kundukire* (of eyes) to pop out • *Amai-* *so g'amufu gakundukire.* The eyes of the dead person have popped out. **kundula** *(oku)kundula* v.tr. *kundwire* (a) to open wide (one's eyes) • *Lwaki okukundula amaiso nk'okapa?* Why are you opening your eyes wide like a cat? (b) **kundula (a)maiso** to stare • *Omwala bakumukoba akukundulambe maiso.* They are speaking to the girl, and she is just staring. **kunga** *(oku)kunga* v.intr. *kungire* to cry, to weep • *Okukungira bwereere.* You are crying for no reason.

**kungubaga** *(oku)kungubaga* v.intr. *kungubagire* to mourn, to grieve • *Tukwaba kukungubagira muntu waiswe.* We are going to mourn our comrade.

**kungubala** *(oku)kungubala* v.intr. *kungubaire* to protrude, to be uneven • *Yete ekyo ekiyaata ekikungubaire lwaki tokisweka?* Why don't you cover that sweet potato which is protruding?

**kungula** *(oku)kungula* v.tr. *kungwire* to harvest • *Ebiro bya kukungula bye twalumire biikire.* The time has come to harvest what we planted.

**kunguuta** *(oku)kunguuta* v.tr. *kungutire* to sieve • *Abbaire akukunguuta bwita bwamwe okuliga emambya.* She has been sieving her millet since morning.

**kuni**<sup>1</sup> [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**kuni**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mukuni, bakuni, gikuni*) adj. (a) clever, smart, intelligent • *Omwala oni mukuni muno.* This girl is very smart. (b) neat, well dressed, elegant • *OSebwato musaiza mukuni buliizo akubba esaati ekikalu.* Sebwato is a well-dressed man, he always tucks in his shirt.

**kuniayimuka** *(oku)kuniayimuka* v.intr. *kuniayimukire* (a) to rush, to hurry, to dash • *Omusaiza n'amaare n'akuniayimuka n'ayaba.* When the man finished eating food, he rushed away. (b) to walk in an awkward manner • *Akuniayimukirembe nayaba.* He just went away. (c) to fall flat, to fall down • *Omutamiire akuniayimukire.* The drunkard has fallen down.

**kunika** *(oku)kunika* v.tr. *kunikire* to plant (potato vines) • *Yaba okunike ebikoola bya biyaata.* Go and plant the sweet potato vines.

**kunkubya** *(oku)kunkubya* v.tr. *kunkubirye* (a) to cause to do hurriedly, to rush, to hurry • *OMukasa akunkubya abantu.* Mukasa causes people to act hurriedly. (b) to arouse expectations in • *Lwaki okukunkubya abairaawo?* Why do you arouse expectations in your pals?

**kunkumula** *(oku)kunkumula* v.tr. *kukumwire* (a) to shake off, to throw off • *Kunkumulaku eitakali oku olugoye olwo.* Shake the dust off that cloth. (b) to urinate • *Twala omwana oyo enzai akunkumule.* Take that child outside to urinate.

**kunkuna**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kunkuna* v.intr. *kunkunaire, kunkunire* to shiver, to tremble • *Twamwajirye nga akukunkuna olwa mulombe.* We found him

shivering from the cold.

**kunkuna**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kunkuna* v.intr. *kunkunire* to walk alone • *Bona omusaiza omukaire n'akukunkuna.* Have a look at the old man walking alone. **kunkuniza** *(oku)kunkuniza* v.tr. *kunkuniize* (a) to press hard (with an intention of stopping the bleeding) • *Kunkiniza olubbale olwo lulekerawo okujwa omusaayi.* Press hard on that cut so that it doesn't bleed a lot. (b) to emphasise, to focus on • *Kunkuniza ensonga ya kwega okukola.* Focus on learning how to work. (c) to keep quiet (with an intention of disobeying) • *Omwana oyo n'omukobaku akunkunizambe.* When you talk to that child, he just keeps quiet, but he won't obey.

**kunkunuka** *(oku)kunkunuka* v.intr. *kunkunukire* to scuttle, to run hurriedly • *Omwibbi akukunkunukambe.* The thief is just scuttling away.

**kunuka** *(oku)kunuka* v.intr. *kunukire* to get a bruise • *Yagwire ekigwo n'akunuka oku mukuno.* He fell and got a bruise on his hand.

**kunula** *(oku)kunula* v.tr. *kunwire* to scrub, to wash properly • *Kukunula esefuliya zeere.* Scrub the saucepan properly.

**kunumba** *(oku)kunumba* v.intr. *kunumbire* to walk freely, to behave innocently • *Nkukweta wete okukunumbambe!* I am calling and you are simply walking away.

**kunuukiirya** *(oku)kunuukiirya* v.intr. *kunuukiriirye* (a) to stand on

tiptoes, to tip toe • *Nabbaire nteekeibwe okukunukiirya leke mbone enzai wa lukologo.* I had to stand on tiptoe in order to look over the fence. (b) be near (to), to approach • *Tukunuukirya Nakasongola.* We are approaching Nakasongola.

**kunya** *(oku)kunya* v.tr. *kunyire* (a) to make (juice from banana), to crush, to tread on (when making beer), to squeeze • *Mmaite okukunya ensande.* I know how to make juice from bananas. (b) to rub, to rub together (c) **kunya (e)misinde** to race, to run • *Ni yaboine omusirikale n'akunya emisinde.* He raced away when he saw a soldier.

**kunyula** *(oku)kunyula* v.tr. *kunywire* to take off (a piece), to tear off a piece • *Nkunyuuraku akatundu oku capati ompeku.* Tear off a piece of chapati for me and give it to me please.

**kupa** (e.g. *gikupa, kakupa, bikupa*) adj. <from Buyende> blunt, not sharp • *Ensone eni gikupa.* This knife is blunt.

**kupuulinka** *(o)kupuulinka* n.15 explosion • *Emotoka eyasiisikaire yareetere okupuulinka.* The damaged car led to an explosion.

**kupyakupya** *(oku)kupyakupya* v.intr. *kupiryekupirye* to be unscrupulous, to be unprincipled, to be dishonest • *Lekerawo okukupyakupya.* Stop being unscrupulous.

**kuraatira** *(oku)kuraatira* v.tr. *kuraatiire* to convince, to talk into, to

appeal to, to urge • *Yaba okuraatire Abayinda batuwerye omwala waabwe.* Go and convince the Bayinda to give us their daughter.

**kurata** *(oku)kurata* v.tr. *kuratire* to follow, to come after • *Edward niye yekubbembera oSusan n'amukurata.* Edward leads and Susan follows him. **kurigira** *(oku)kurigira* v.tr. *kurigiire* to court (a person), to pursue, to run after, to woo • *OPaul akukurigira abaala babiri omulundi gumwei.* Paul is courting two girls at the same time.

**kuruhaani** *(e)kuruhaani* n.9/10 Koran • *Omusiraamu akwaite ekuruhaani yoonayoona omu mutwe.* The Muslim has memorised the whole Koran.

**kurukuunya** *(oku)kurukuunya* v.intr. *kurukuunyire* (a) to roll around in the dirt • *Omberege akwekurukuunya mu itakali.* The pig is rolling in the dirt. (b) to write untidily • *Omwana awandiika ng'akurukuunya.* The child writes untidily. **kurukuutya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kurukuutya* v.intr. *kurukuutirye* to unblock, to unclog, to unplug, to remove blockage • *Mpeerya akasaale nkurukuutye omu nyungu.* Give me a stick so that I can unblock the pipe.

**kurukuutya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kurukuutya* v.intr. *kurukuutirye* to write untidily • *Omwegesya waiswe yatukubbiranga okukurukuutya omu bitabu.* Our teacher used to beat us whenever we wrote untidily in our notebooks.

**kurunduka** *(oku)kurunduka* v.intr. *kurundukire* to crawl, to creep, to go on hands and knee • *Omwana atandikire okukurunduka.* The child has started crawling.

**kurundya** *(oku)kurundya* v.tr. *kurundirye* to pull, to drag • *Omwana akukurundya ekisaale ekiremeeri.* The child is pulling a heavy log.

**kuruseedi** *(e)kuruseedi* n.9/10 <from En.> crusade, campaign, movement• *Abalokole baabire ku kuruseedi.* The born-again Christians have gone on a campaign.

**kurwa** *(o)kurwa* n.1a red soil • *Yasakire ekiina n'aika oku kurwa.* He dug a hole until he reached red soil.

**kusaaga** *(o)kusaaga* n.15 joke, prank, stunt, jest • *Okwo ti kusaaga.* That is not a joke.

**kusai** adv. well, nicely, correctly, properly • *Okoore kusai.* You have done well.

**kusembera** [see also *sembera*] *(o)kusembera* n.15 Holy Communion, Eucharist • *Kini nikyo kiseera kya kusembera.* This is the time for Holy Communion.

**kusensa** *(oku)kusensa* v.intr. *kusensere* to be infected with measles • *Abaana baingi bakusensere.* Many children got measles.

**kusigikira oku** conj. according to, as stated by, as claimed by, based on, due to, in terms of • *Okusigikira oku rubazo lwamwe muntu musai.* According to his speech, he is a good person.

**kusiima** *(o)kusiima* n.15 appreciation, acknowledgement, admiration, affection • *Okusiima kwamwe kwamwendeserye opurezidenti.* His appreciation endeared him to the president.

**kusinga** [see also *singa*] *(o)kusinga* conj. (a) instead of, as an alternative • *Okusinga okuzeenya yaba olume.* Go and dig instead of playing. (b) mostly, mainly, for the most part, largely, chiefly, predominantly, principally, primarily • *Okusinga muno Abaganda nibo basimoola batyo.* It is mostly the Baganda who speak like that.

**kusinziira** *(o)kusinziira* conj. according to, as stated by, as claimed by, depending on, based on • *Okusinziira oku bintu bye tuboine, Suzan niye mubbi.* Based on what we have seen, it is Suzan who is wrong.

**kusooka** (a) [see *sooka*] (b) **kusookera kaakimwei** in the first place, first of all • *Okusookera kaakimwei, oyo mulwaire.* In the first place, he is sick.

**kutekisi** *(o)kutekisi* n.1a <from En.> nail polish, cutex (UgE) • *Okutekisi asiigibwa ku none.* Nail polish is applied on nails.

**kutiya** *(e)kutiya* n.9/10 sac, sack, bag • *Amayuuni agatwaliire mu kutiya.* He has taken the yams in a sack.

**kutu** ideo. describing how something is broken • *Atiikirye omuguwa kutu.* He has torn up the rope completely.

**kutubba** *(e)kutubba* n.9/10 Islamic sermon that precedes the Friday prayer • *Ekutubba y'abasiraamu etandikire.* The Islamic sermon has started.

**kutuki** (e.g. *gituki, bituki, lutuki*) adj. broken • *Otavuga gaali eyo kubba gikutuki.* Don't ride that bicycle because it is broken.

**kutula** *(oku)kutula* v.tr. *kutwire* (a) to break, to break of, to split, to cut off, to separate, to divide • *Ensi bagikutwiremu ebitundu bibiri.* They divided the country into two halves. (b) to tear (a rope) • *Onte akutwire omuguwa.* The cow has torn the rope. (c) to decide, to decide on • *Kutula mangu twabe mu maiso.* Decide quickly and let's go ahead.

**kutulya** *(oku)kutulya* v.tr. *kutwirye* to gulp, to swallow quickly • *Akukutulyambe nka akunywa amaizi.* He just gulps the water.

**kutwa** *(oku)kutwa* v.tr. *kutwire* to quicken the process of making beer, to accelerate the process of making beer, to rush the process of making beer • *Ti kisai kukutwa mwenge.* It is not good to rush the process of making beer.

**kutwi** *(o)kutwi* n.15/6 ear • *Okutwi kwange kukunduma.* My ear hurts.

**kutwikutwi** adv. right now, immediately • *Iza kutwikutwi.* Come right now.

**kuuba** *(oku)kuuba* v.tr. *kuubire* (a) to rub, to massage • *Iza onkuube ng'okukolesya omubazi guni.* Come

and rub me with these herbs. (b) to smear • *Kuuba obusai obwo oku kisiika.* Smear the cow dung on the wall. (c) to smooth, to smoothen, to make even, to make level • *Kuuba olubaawo olwo kusai nga okukolesya landa.* Smooth that timber properly using a hand plane. (d) to climb (a tree without branches) • *Kizibu okukuuba omusaale ogutalina mataagi.* It is difficult to climb a tall tree without branches.

**kuubuulya** *(oku)kuubuulya* v.tr. *kuubuirye* to remove the midrib of a banana leaf, to peel the mid-rib off of a plantain leaf, to remove the stem from the leaf • *Kukuubuulya endagala ezo.* Remove the midribs of the banana leaves.

**kuuka** *(oku)kuuka* v.intr. *kuukire* to be satisfied (esp. with food and drink), to be pleased, to be sated, to be full • *Onte anywire amaizi n'akuuka.* The cow drank water and is satisfied.

**kuukula** *(oku)kuukula* v.tr. *kuukwire* to dig out, to uproot, to pull out, to pull up • *Baabire kukuukula muwogo.* They have gone to dig out the cassava.

**kuula** *(oku)kuula* v.tr. *kwire* to dig out, to uproot, to pull out, to pull up • *Kuula amaido ago.* Uproot those groundnuts.

**kuuma** *(oku)kuuma* v.tr. *kuumire* (a) to keep, to protect, to save, to guard, to watch, to watch over, to protect • *Akukuuma maido gaamwe butagai-* *bba.* He is protecting his groundnuts against thieves. (b) to wait • *Kuuma okwica ni yaiza.* Wait until he comes.

**kuumula** *(oku)kuumula* v.intr. *kuumwire* (a) to hum, to sing with closed lips • *Mulekerawo okukuumula leke mwembe kusai.* Stop humming and sing properly. (b) to grunt, to mumble, to murmur • *Omusaiza oyo ni mulamukya akuumulambe.* When I greet this man, he just grunts.

**kuumulya** *(oku)kuumulya* v.tr. *kuumwirye* to take off a piece, to tear off a piece • *Nkuumulyaku oku capati ndyeku.* Tear off a piece of chapati for me so that I can eat a bit of it.

**kuunyuuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kuunyuuka* v.intr. *kuunyuukire* (a) to lose hair • *Ombwene akuunyuukire obwoya.* The dog has lost some of its hair. (b) (of clothing) to get rough texture, to become rough • *Olugoye lwange lukuunyuukire.* My clothing got a rough texture. (c) to run off, to slip away • *Akuunyuukire n'ekiteeteeyi kya Naluwooza.* He has run off with Naluwooza's dress.

**kuurata** *(oku)kuurata* v.tr. *kuuratire* to praise, to compliment, to admire • *Mutaka okukuurata abakali ni w'ekitakwetaagisya.* You like complimenting women even when it is not necessary.

**kuuratya** *(oku)kuraatya* v.tr. *kuuratirye* to canvass (for a party), to campaign, to solicit (votes) • *Mpeerya sente nkukuuratirye abantu.* Give me

money and I will solicit votes for you.

**kuurya** *(oku)kuurya* v.tr. *kuurye* (a) to raise • *Omaama eyankuurye afiire.* The auntie who raised me has passed on. (b) to train, to coach, to tutor, to mentor • *Naani eyakukuurye ni weeyungire oku kampuni eni?* Who mentored you when you joined this company?

**kuusiira** *(oku)kuusiira* v.intr. *kuusiire* to be very dirty, to be stained • *Ekinaga kini kikuusiire muno.* This cooking pan is excessively dirty.

**kuuta** *(oku)kuuta* v.tr. *kuutire* to scrub, to clean by scrubing, to brush • *Kuuta ekinaabiro.* Scrub the bathroom.

**kuutira** *(oku)kuutira* v.ditr. *kuutiire* (a) to advise, to recommend, to warn • *Bakuutire batayaba bwire.* Warn them not to walk at night. (b) to emphasise, to lay stress • *Kuutira abantu ensonga ya buyonjo.* Emphasise the issue of cleanliness to the people. **kuutirya** *(oku)kuutirya* v.intr. *kuutiirye* to write sloppily, to write untidily • *Omwana oni akuutirya muno omu kitabo kyamwe.* This child writes very sloppily in his book.

**kuutuuka** *(oku)kuutuuka* v.intr. *kuutuukire* to be at loggerheads, to have disagreement with, to be in opposition to • *Abasaiza abo babbaire bakukuutuuka okumala eibbanga likooto.* Those men have been at loggerheads for a long time.

**kuyikuyi** (e.g. *mukuyikuyi, bakuyi-*

*kuyi*) adj. untrustworthy, dodgy • *Omufumu odi mukuyikuyi.* That herbalist is untrustworthy.

**kuzumu** *(e)kuzumu* n.9 world of the dead, underworld • *Ekuzumu kifo kibbi muno.* The world of the dead is a very terrible place.

**kuzwa** [see also *zwa*] prep. (a) from, out of • *Leeta ekyaijo kya kisaale okuzwa mu sitoowa.* Bring a piece of wood from the store. (b) since • *Abbaire nambula-buculeeri okuzwa lwe baitire omwara.* He has been restless since they killed his daughter. (c) **kuzwa (e)irai** since long ago, for ages • *Okuzwa eirai n'eirai abakali tibalyanga nkoko.* Since time immemorial women have not eaten chicken.

**kwa**<sup>1</sup> ideo. sound of blades rubbing against each other • *Mpuuliire ekintu nga kikwakwaya, kwa.* I heard the sound of blades rubbing against each other.

**kwa**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kwa* prep. during, in the course of, throughout the time of, for the time of, in the time of • *Endu zeebbisa mu binyomo okwa kyanda.* Lung fish hide in the breeding grounds during the dry spell.

**Kwabiduuma** *(o)Kwabiduuma* n.15 June • *Okwezi Kwabiduuma kutandikire.* June has started.

**kwabwe** [see *(-)abwe*]

**kwadu** *(o)kwadu* n.1a/10 scorpion • *Okwadu amunenere.* A scorpion bit him.

**kwadula** *(oku)kwadula* v.tr. *kwa-*

*dwire* to scratch, to scrape • *Amukwadwire omu maiso.* She scratched him in the face.

**Kwaikekabiteere** *(o)Kwaikekabiteere* n.15 February • *Tukeka Kwaikekabiteere.* We slice sweet potatoes in February. February • *Naiza mu Kwaikekabiteere.* I will come in February. **Kwaikesa** *(o)Kwaikesa* n.15 June • *Yayabire mu kwezi Kwaikesa.* She left in June.

**Kwaisensancwi** *(o)Kwaisensancwi* n.15 May • *Encwi zisensa Kwaisensancwi.* Fish increases in May.

**Kwaisiga** *(o)Kwaisiga* n.15 March • *Tuli mukwezi Kwaisiga.* It is March. (lit. We are in March.)

**kwaiswe** [see *(-)aiswe*]

**kwakula** *(oku)kwakula* v.tr. *kwakwire* to remove by force, to topple, to overthrow • *Obote baamukwakwireku nga ayabire e Singapore.* Obote was toppled when he had gone to Singapore.

**kwakwaya** *(oku)kwakwaya* v.intr. *kwakwayire* to rustle • *Ombwene akukwakwaya omu biswoigi.* The dog is rustling in the dry banana leaves.

**Kwamaido** *(o)Kwamaido* n.15 July • *Amaido tugaiya mu kwezi Kwamaido.* We harvest groundnuts in July.

**Kwamaizi** *(o)Kwamaizi* n.15 May • *Mulitandika omu kwezi Kwamaizi.* You will start in May.

**Kwambaga** *(o)Kwambaga* n.15 December • *Twigereire okwezi Kwambaga.* We are approaching the month

**Kwampiira** *(o)Kwampiira* n.15 January • *Eisana libba lingi Okwampiira.* There is always a lot of sunshine in January.

**kwamu** [see *(-)amu*]

**kwamulikiirya** [see also *mulikiirya*] n.15 darkness before the new moon • *Encwi ziboneka kwamulikiirya.* Fish is plentiful during the darkness before the new moon.

**kwamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**kwana** *(oku)kwana* v.tr. *kwaine* to woo, to romantically pursue, to befriend, to make friends with • *Ataka muno okukwana emikago.* He likes befriending people.

**kwange** [see *ange*]

**kwanjula** [see *aslo anjula*] *(o)kwanjula* n.15 traditional engagement, introduction ceremony (a cultural function where the girl introduces her fiancé to the clan members) • *Baabire ku mukolo gwa kwanjula.* They went to the introduction ceremony.

**Kwanseizere** [see also *nseizere*] *(o)Kwanseizere* n.15 April • *Enseizere zigya Kwanseizere.* Big flying termites fly in April.

**Kwansendekeeryampeefu** [see also *mpeefu*] *(o)Kwansendekeeryampeefu* n.15 September • *Onte wange yabyaire mu Kwansendekeeryampeefu.* My cow delivered in September.

**Kwansulamiira** [see also *nsulamiira*] *(o)Kwansulamiira* n.15 October • *Okwezi Kwansulamiira kutandikire.*

October has started.

**Kwansyenene** [see also *nsyenene*] *(o)Kwansyenene* n.15 November • *Yabyaliibwe mu kwezi Kwansyenene.* He was born in November.

**kwanya** *(oku)kwanya* v.intr. *kwanyire* to sprout, to germinate, to shoot (up) • *Obwita butandikire okukwanya.* Millet has started sprouting.

**kwanywe** [see *nywe*]

**Kwanzogi** [see also *nzogi*] *(o)Kwanzogi* n.15 August • *Okwezi Kwanzogi kubba kulai.* August is always long.

**kwaraatana** [see also *araatana*] *(o)kwaraatana* n.15 misunderstanding, quarrel • *Kiki ekireterewo okwaraatana?* What caused the misunderstanding?

**kwata** *(oku)kwata* v.tr. *kwaite* (a) to hit (a target) • *Akasaale kakwaite kusai.* The dart has hit the target. (b) to hold • *Kwata ombwene oyo atanena bantu.* Hold that dog so that it does not bite anyone. (c) to obey, to observe • *Kwata amateeka ga Kanca.* Observe the Lord's commandments. (d) to catch, to arrest, to take into custody, to detain • *Kwata omwibbi oyo.* Arrest that thief. (e) to rape, to sexual assault, to sexual abuse • *Omusaiza eyakwaite omwala bamubbwere.* The man who raped the girl has been sent to prison. (f) (of a spirit) to possess • *Akwatiibwe omuzumu.* He is possessed by an evil spirit. (g) (of a desease) to affect (of-

ten in passive) • *Yakwatiibwe embiro.* He has diarrhoea. (i) to solidify, to form • *Amaizi gakwaite amabbaale.* Water has turned into ice. (h) to be firm, to grow well • *Omusaale gwe twasimbire gukwaite kusai.* The tree which we planted is growing well. (j) to fit tightly • *Empale emukwaite.* The trousers fit him tightly. (k) to understand, to apprehend, to grasp, to see, to get • *Kwata bye nkukukoba.* Understand what I am telling you. (l) to memorise, to learn • *Bairabange tukwate olwembo luni.* My friends let us learn this song. (m) **kwata (o)muuro** to catch fire, to begin to burn • *Eisubi likwaite omuuro.* The grass has caught fire.

# **kwatagana** [see *kwatangana*]

**kwatampola** (e.g. *mukwatampola*) adj. very cautious, careful • *Omusaiza omukwatampola asooka kulowooza kya kwaba okubaza.* A cautious man, he thinks through whatever he says.

**kwatangana** *(oku)kwatangana* v.intr. *kwatagaine* (a) to hold each other, to seize each other, to fight each other • *Abakali bakwatagaine omwei n'afa.* The women fought each other and one of them died (b) to have one's hands full • *Mboine OSamuel mu katale nga akwatagaine.* I have seen Samuel in the market with his hands full. (c) to cooperate, to collaborate, to work together, to work side by side • *Kisai abaluganda okukwatangana.* It is good for

relatives to cooperate. (d) to come together, to get together • *Kisai abaluganda okukwatana.* It is good for relatives to come together. (f) to play (against or with) • *OKayunga akwatangana n'oIganga omu mupiira.* Kayunga will play against Iganga in football. (f) to have a connection (to or with), to have a relation (to), to come to an agreement (with) • *Tukwatagana omu mwoyo.* We are connected in spirit.

**kwataniza** *(oku)kwataniza* v.intr. *kwataniize* (a) to join hands, to cooperate, to collaborate, to work together, to work side by side • *Mwize tukwatanize twomboke olukorogo.* Come, we'll work together and build a fence. (b) to do many things at the same time, to multitask • *Weenate olwaleero okwataniize bundi.* You are doing many things today.

**kwati** (e.g. *mwekwati, gekwati*) adj. thick • *Omwala asumbbire omukubi gwekwati.* The girl cooked thick sauce.

# **kwatibwa** [see *kwata*]

**kwatira** *(oku)kwatira* v.intr. *kwatiire* to be sticky • *Amasanda ga fene gakwatira.* Jackfruit sap is sticky. to get stuck

**kwatiraku** *(oku)kwatiraku* v.tr. *kwatiireku* to help, to assist • *Ka nyize nkukwatireku ekiibbo.* Let me come and help you with the basket.

**kwatisya** *(oku)kwatisya* v.tr. *kwatisirye* (a) to stick together, to glue together • *Kolesya masanda okukwa-* *tisya empapula.* Use glue to stick sheets of paper together. (b) to catch, to capture • *Yategere ebinage n'akwatisya ondu omukooto.* He set a trap and caught a big lung fish. (c) to hand over, to pass, to yield, to give away • *Kwatisya omwebembezi omuyaaka obukama.* Hand over power to the new leader.

**kwaya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kwaya* n.9/10 <from En.> choir • *Eyo ekwaya eyemba kusai.* That choir sings well.

**kwaya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kwaya* v.intr. *kwayire* to feel a pricking sensation, to feel a stabbing pain • *Nkuwuura ekintu ekikunkwaya omu matwi.* I have a stabbing pain in my ears.

**kweka** *(oku)kweka* v.tr. *kwekere* to hide, to conceal, to put out of sight, to tuck away • *Kweka empiiya zange bataziibba.* Hide my money or else they will steal it.

**kwekeera** [see also *ekeera*] *(o)kwekeera* n.15 beginning, start • *Omu kwekeera baali badooli atibuni baingi.* In the beginning, they were few, but now they are many.

**kwekuka** *(oku)kwekuka* v.intr. *kwekukire* to come out of hiding • *Omwibbi akwekukire.* The thief has come out of hiding.

**kwekula** *(oku)kwekula* v.tr. *kwekwire* to find, to locate, to spot • *Omwibbi bamukwekwire omu kasaka.* They found the thief in the thicket.

**kwemba** [see also *emba*] *(o)kwemba* n.15 singing, music • *Ata n'ekiconco* *kya kwemba.* She has a talent for music.

**kwenya** *(oku)kwenya* v.intr. *kwenyere* to have dry skin, to be pale, to lose lustre, to lose colour, to fade • *K'okwenyere bundi?* Why are you so pale?

**kwenyakwenya** *(oku)kwenyakwenya* v.tr. *kwenyerekwenyere* to deceive, to coax, to cheat, to lure • *Lekera awo okutukwenyakwenya!* Stop deceiving us!

**kwenyi** (e.g. *mukwenyi, bakwenyi*) adj. dry-skinned, pale • *Omusaiza oyo abba mukwenyi, tanyirira.* That man is always pale, he is never attractive.

**kwenyula** *(oku)kwenyula* v.tr. *kwenywire* to grab, to seize, to grasp, to snatch • *Bamukwenywireku akasawu ka sente ni bairuka.* They grabbed the money purse from her and ran away.

**kwera** [see *mwoyo (a)kwera and era*] **kwerema** *(o)kwerema* n.15 independence • *Uganda yafunire okwerema mu mwaka gwa 1962.* Uganda became independent in 1962.

**kweri** interj. <from Sw.> really • *Kweri abasaiza abo baiza?* Really, will those men come?

**kwesera** *(oku)kwesera* v.intr. *kweseire* (a) to dance in an appropriate tempo, to run at an appropriate speed • *Omwiruki wa mbiro akukwesera amaleyo emirundi gyamwe.* An athlete is running at the appropriate speed so as to complete the race. (b) to rush (carrying a heavy load) • *Mmuboine akukwesera nga yeetiikire ensawu ya muunyu.* I saw him rushing while carrying a sack of salt.

**kwete** *(e)kwete* n.9/10 type of local beer (made from millet, cassava and maize floor) • *Tinywa kwete.* I don't drink local beer.

**kwetuka** *(oku)kwetuka* v.intr. *kwetukire* (a) to move slowly, to push along, to slide along • *Omusawu yaakaika atimbe era atibuni tutandikire okukwetuka.* The doctor has just arrived, and we are now moving slowly. (b) to move on the buttocks • *Omwana wa nanka akwetuka maikala.* So-and-so's child crawls on his buttocks.

**kweya** *(oku)kweya* v.intr. *kweyere* (of a dress) to sweep the floor, to brush the floor, to drag along the ground, to touch the ground • *Olugoye lwamwe lukukweya ansi.* Her dress is sweeping the floor.

# **kweyatya** [see *eyatya*]

**kwezi**<sup>1</sup> [see also *mwezi*] *(o)kwezi* n.15 (a) moon • *Okwezi kutandikire okwaba omu nkoora.* The moon has started waning. (b) month (c) **kwezi kuli (o)mu iyangwe** (of the moon) to be full • *Okwezi kuli mu iyangwe.* The moon is full. (d) **kwezi kumwei** fast-growing variety of sweet potatoes (lit. sweet potatoes of one month) • *Ebiyaata bya kwezi kumwei binura muno.* The fastgrowing variety of sweet potatoes is very delicious. (e) **li (o)mu kwezi** to

have mensturation, to menstruate • *Akaruma katera kumwizira nga ali mu kwezi.* She usually gets cramps during menstruation.

**kwezi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kwezi* n.1a/10 type of banana • *Amatooke ga kwezi tigawooma.* The bananas called 'kwezi' are not tasty.

**kwikya** *(o)kwica* conj. until, till • *Weegodere oku nsika okwikya ni wayikya olubbimbi.* Endure until you finish the part you are digging.

**kwini** *(o)kwini* n.1a/2 <from En.> queen • *Okwini wa Bungereza akairikire.* The queen of England is very old.

**kwiyaku** [see also *iyaku*] conj. unless, without, except that, apart from **kwo** it (class 15 independent pronoun)

**kwoiga** *(oku)kwoiga* v.tr. *kwoigere* to dig up • *Ka nyabe nkwoige ebiyaata.* Let me go and dig up the potatoes.

**kwoigwa** *(oku)kwoigwa* v.tr. *kwoigwere* to harrow, to draw a harrow over • *Eturakita ekukwoiga endumiro ya Naluyulu.* The tractor is harrowing Naluyulu's garden.

**kwoikolya** *(oku)kwoikolya* v.intr. *kwokoirye* to riddle, to pose riddles • *Nje mmaite okukwoikolya.* I know how to pose a riddle.

**kwokwotoka** *(oku)kwokwotoka* v.intr. *kwokwotokere* to move on one's buttocks • *Yatemeibweku amagulu era atibuni akwokwotokambe.* He had his legs amputated, he now

moves on his buttocks.

**kwokya** *(oku)kwoky* v.intr. *kwokerye* to be hot • *Mwabe mulaatye emere eni omu ikooke erikwoca.* Go and keep this food in the ash which is hot.

**kwotoka** *(oku)kwotoka* v.intr. *kwotokere* (of a baby) to crawl • *Omwana akukwotoka kwaba wa nyina.* The baby is crawling towards her mother.

**kya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kya* v.intr. *keire* (a) to calm down, to reduce, to become smaller • *Ebizubu bikeiremu.* The problems have gotten smaller. (b) (of rain) to stop, to end • *Oikendi againe okukya.* The rain has failed to stop falling. (c) to dawn, (of a day) to begin • *Obwire bukukya mangu.* Dawn is early.

**kya-**<sup>2</sup> pf. still, no longer, not anymore, not yet [persistive aspect prefix on verbs] • *Empuliziganya akati waiswe tekyaliwo.* There is still no communication between us.

**Kyabazinga** *(o)Kyabazinga* n.1a/2 the title of Busoga king • *OKyabazinga mukama wa Busoga.* Kyabazinga is the king of Busoga.

**kyabireedi** interj. God forbid • *Kyabireedi nje okunywa enjaaye.* God forbid that I find myself smoking marijuana.

**kyabulambuli** *(e)kyabulambuli* n.7/8 tourist attraction • *Uganda eta n'ebyabulambuli ebikukanyaku.* Uganda has quite a number of tourist attractions.

**kyabusubuzi** [see *kyabusuubuli*] **kyabusuubuli** *(e)kyabusuubuli* n.7/8 merchandise, goods, produce • *Ewaanywe mutambuura mu kyabusuubuli ki?* What merchandise do you deal in where you live?

**kyabwe** [see *(-)abwe*]

**kyabwire** *(e)kyabwire* n.7 sex done at night • *Baabire ku kyabwire.* They have gone to have sex.

**kyaco** *(e)kyaco* n.7/8 flower • *Ekyaco kya mucungwai kibba kyeru.* The flower of an orange is always white. **kyafaayo** *(e)kyafaayo* n.7/8 (a) fact • *Mmaite ekyafaayo kimwe oku Uganda.* I know one fact about Uganda. (b) history • *Nkobera ebyafaayo byamu nga nkyali kukuwa mulimu.* Tell me your history before I employ you. **kyafu** (e.g. *mukyafu, gakyafu*) adj. <from Luganda> dirty, filthy • *Kenekera amaizi ago gakyafu.* Filter that water, it's dirty.

**kyagu** *(e)kyagu* n.7/8 cluster, hand of bananas, bunch of bananas• *Eitooke lini lirina ebyagu amakumi abiri.* This banana has twenty clusters.

**Kyagwire** *(o)Kyagwire* n.1a/2 Bunyala/Buruuli name given to the god of lake Kyoga • *OKyagwire niye mukama wa Kyoga.* Kyagwire is the spirit responsible for Lake Kyoga.

**kyaigolo** adv. (a) in the evening • *Naiza kyaigolo.* I will come in the evening. (b) supper • *Nkulya kyaigolo n'abaana bange.* I am having supper with my children.

**kyaijo** *(e)kyaijo* n.7/8 part or piece

of something • *Leeta ekyaijo kya kisaale okuzwa mu sitoowa.* Bring a piece of wood from the store.

**kyairai**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyairai* n.7/8 story of long ago, tale about the past, narrative • *Nkobera oku byairai byamu ebya buto.* Tell me any of your childhood stories.

**kyairai**<sup>2</sup> adv. afterward, finally, later • *Namulindire esaawa itaanu ekyairai n'aiza.* I waited for him for five hours and finally he came.

**kyaiswe** [see *(-)aiswe*]

**kyaka** [see also *kyata*] *(e)kyaka* n.7 heartburn • *Ndiire ebiteere ati ekyaka kikunyita.* I ate sliced potatoes and now I have heartburn.

**kyakaaro** *(e)kyakaaro* n.7/8 (a) trail, track, spoor, trace • *Kini kyakaaro kya njoka.* This is a snake trail. (b) official entrance • *Kini nikyo kyakaaro kya mukama.* This is the official entrance for the king.

**kyakabbi** *(e)kyakabbi* adv. unfortunately, unluckily, regrettably, unhappily • *Ekyakabbi yafunire enda nga mulwaire.* Unfortunately, she got pregnant while she was sick.

**kyakabiri** *(e)kyakabiri* adv. (a) secondly, second • *Ekyakabiri, nkwendya obbeemu amagezi.* Secondly, I want you to be wise. (b) primary two • *Asoma kibiina kyakabiri.* He is in primary two.

**kyakanai** [see also *(-)nai*] *(e)kyakanai* n.7 primary four • *Ali mu kibiina kyakanai.* She is in primary four. **kyakasatu** [see also *(-)satu*] *(e)kya-* *kasatu* n.7 primary three • *Azwire mu kibiina kyakasatu.* He has completed primary three.

**kyakataanu** *(e)kyakataanu* n.7 primary five • *Alwire mu kyakataanu.* She stayed a long time in primary five.

**kyaki** *(e)kyaki* n.7 flower • *Ntaka ebyaki muno.* I really love flowers.

**kyakubanza** [see also *banza*] *(e)kyakubanza* n.7 primary one • *Asoma kyakubanza.* He is in primary one.

**kyakuboneraku** *(e)kyakuboneraku* n.7/8 example • *Mpeeryayo ebyakuboneraku bisatu.* Give me three examples.

**kyakulwanisya** [see also *lwanisya*] *(e)kyakulwanisya* n.7/8 weapon • *Russia eta n'ebyakulwanisa eby'amaani.* Russia has very strong weapons.

**kyakulya** *(e)kyakulya* n.7/8 food, something to eat • *Mpeerya oku kyakulya.* Give me something to eat.

**kyakunywa** [see also *nywa*] *(e)kyakunywa* n.7/8 drink, beverage • *Mpeerya oku kyakunywa.* Give me something to drink.

**kyakwekumisya** *(e)kyakwekumisya* n.7/8 shield, protector • *Ekiriŋaliŋa kikolesya obulimbo nka ekyakwekumisya.* A snail uses slime for protection. reserve, fall back, standby

**kyakwekwatisya** *(e)kyakwekwatisya* n.7/8 excuse, pretext • *Ekyo kyakwekwatisya, tiwakoore mulimu gwamu.* That is an excuse, you did not do your work.

**kyakwewuunya** *(e)kyakwewuunya*

n.7/8 wonder, miracle • *Tokubona nga ekyo kyakwewuunya?* Don't you see, that is a miracle.

**kyakyo** *(e)kyakyo* n.7/8 flower of spider weed (*Cleome gynandra*) • *Ebyakyo bya yobyo bibba byeru.* Spider weed flowers are white.

**kyala**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyala* n.7/8 (a) finger • *Ayendekere ekyala kyamwe.* He broke his finger. (b) fingernail • *Ata n'ekyala ekikooto.* He has a big fingernail. (c) claw • *Ombwene abba n'ebyala.* A dog has claws. (d) fingerprint, thumbprint • *Ataire ekyala oku kiwandiiko.* He put a fingerprint on the document. (e) thumb • *Ekyala ekisaiza ekya mwana kirwaire.* The baby's thumb is infected.

**kyala**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyala* n.7/8 ghost, type of spirit which is believed to assume physical form • *Ekyala ekyaizire oku kyalo kyaiswe kikwata abakali.* The ghost that came to our village rapes women.

**kyala**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)kyala* v.intr. *kyaire* to visit • *Ayabire kukyala mu baganda.* He has gone to visit his relatives.

**kyalaani** *(e)kyalaani* n.7/8 <from Persian via Sw.> sewing machine • *Mmuguliire ekyalaani.* I bought a sewing machine for him.

**kyali** [see also *kya-* and *li*] (e.g. *nkyali, akyali, tukyali*) before (doing something) • *Yamusangire akyali kufa.* She came before he had passed on.

**kyalisya** *(oku)kyalisya* v.tr. *kyalisirye* to host, to receive (guests)• *Ntera*

*muno okukyalisya abagenyi.* I host guests very often.

**kyalo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyalo* n.7/8 (a) village • *Ayabire omu kyalo kubona babyaire baamwe.* He has gone to the village to see his parents. (b) Local Council one (LC1, a tier of administration) • *Ekyalo kini kikolebwa abantu lukumi.* This LC1 is made up of one thousand people.

**kyalo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)kyalo* n.1a/2 vocalist, singer • *Abakyalo bayabire e Kampala kwemba.* The vocalists went to Kampala to sing.

**kyalubereberye** *(e)kyalubereberye* n.7 primary one • *Naani akusoma ekyaluberyeberye?* Who is studying in primary one?

**kyaluka** *(oku)kyaluka* v.intr. *kyalukire* (of a visitor) to end a visit, to depart, to leave • *Omugeni akyalukire.* The visitor has ended her visit.

**kyalumwei** adv. once, one time • *Aiza kyalumwei omu okwezi.* He comes once a month.

**kyama**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kyama* v.intr. *kyamire* (a) to bend • *Ekyoma kini kyakyamire.* This metal is bent. (b) to turn, to change direction, to make a turn • *Ni waika omu maiso kyama oku mukono ogumoso.* Go straight and then turn to the left. (c) to go astray, to err • *Kibbi okukyama n'ozwa oku mulamwa.* It is bad to go astray and leave the right path.

**kyama**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyama* n.7/8 secret • *Tindina kyama kyonakyona.* I don't have any secrets.

**kyamagero** *(e)kyamagero* n.7/8 miracle, wonder • *OYesu yakoore ebyamegero bingi muno.* Jesus performed many miracles.

**kyamaguzi** *(e)kyamaguzi* n.7/8 merchandise, goods, commodity • *Aleetere ebyamaguzi byamwe omu katale.* He brought his goods to the market. **kyamambya** *(e)kyamambya* n.7/8 breakfast • *Tukulya kya mambya.* We are having breakfast.

**kyambaituka** *(oku)kyambaituka* v.intr. *kyambaitukire* to splash • *Amaizi gakukyambaituka okuzwa mu nsuwa.* Water is splashing out of the pot.

**kyambu** *(e)kyambu* n.7/8 landing site • *Emeeri eikire oku kyambu.* The ship has reached the landing site.

**kyami** (e.g. *kikyami, lukyami)* adj. bent • *Olukiikiidi lwa meeza lukyami.* The edge of the table is not straight. **kyamiiro** *(e)kyamiiro* n.7/8 announcement, notification, broadcasting • *Muwuure ekyamiiro kini.* Listen to this announcement.

**kyamisana** *(e)kyamisana* n.7/8 lunch • *Iza tulye ekyamisana.* Come and we will have lunch.

**kyamu**<sup>1</sup> [see *(-)amu*]

**kyamu**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mukyamu, kikyamu, bikyamu*) adj. wrong, incorrect, false • *Oku nsonga edi niiwe mukyamu.* You are the one who is wrong about that matter.

**kyamugayaire**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyamugayaire* n.7/8 family planning, birth control • *Ali ku mbyala ya kyamugayaire.* She is on birth control.

**kyamugayaire**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyamugayaire* n.7/8 lazy person • *Omwala kyamugayaire amaare n'ayakala ebibuulyo.* The lazy girl has finally passed the examination.

**kyamugisa** [see *kyamukisa*]

**kyamuka** *(oku)kyamuka* v.intr. *kyamukire* to take a turn, to turn • *Kyamukiraku awo leke osimbe.* Take a turn there and then go straight.

**kyamukaaga** *(e)kyamukaaga* n.7 primary six • *Nkusoma kyamukaaga.* I am in primary six.

**kyamukisa** *(e)kyamukisa* n.7 fortune, good luck • *Kyamukisa oRuth yawumwire nka pulofeesa.* It is fortunate that Ruth retired as a professor. **kyamukwenu** *(o)kyamukwenu* n.1a/2 flirt, coquette • *Okyamukwenu akubulungutanya abaana.* A flirt is making the children disorganised. **kyamula** *(oku)kyamula* v.tr. *kyamwire* (a) to straighten, to make straight • *Ofundi akyamwire ekyoma ekibbaire kyegodere.* The builder has straightened the bent metal. (b) to turn • *Eturakita ebbaire ekuluma ani gikyamule erume ngedi.* Turn the tractor which was ploughing this side, so that it can plough the other side. (c) to stop, to keep from, to prevent from • *Kyamula omwana aleke kwaba eyo.* Stop the child from going that way.

**kyamusanju** *(e)kyamusanju* n.7 primary seven • *Amaliriirye ekyamusanju.* She has completed primary

# seven.

**kyamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**kyana**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyana* n.7/8 (a) course particles (of cereals) • *Ekipooli kisigairemu ebyana.* Some particles remained in the groundnut paste. (b) pupa, chrysalis • *Tindya kyana kya nzoki.* I don't eat bees' pupa. (c) **kyana kya ikendi** raindrop • *Nkuwuura ebyana bya ikendi.* I hear raindrops. (d) naughty behaviour, bad behaviour, disobedience • *Omwala owa kyana tasobola kusumbirwa!* A disobedient girl cannot be married!

**kyana**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyana* n.7/8 wagon, car trailer • *Ekyana kya motoka kyendekereku.* The car trailer is disconnected.

**kyanda** *(e)kyanda* n.7/8 dry season, drought, dry spell • *Ekyanda kitandikire.* The drought has started.

**kyandanda** *(e)kyandanda* n.7/8 tepid temperature, warmish temperature, mild temperature • *Olwalero lwa kyandanda.* Today is tepid.

**kyandiiko** *(e)kyandiiko* n.7/8 document, form, paper • *Aizire n'ekyandiiko okuzwa owa faaza.* He came with a document from a Catholic priest.

**kyandya** *(e)kyandya* n.7/8 food, edible things • *Ebyandya bikutugadya ewaiswe.* We have challenges with food at home.

**kyangaara** *(e)kyangaara* n.7/8 (a) empty space, empty room, open area, opening, emptiness • *Abaana baikaire mu kyangaara.* The children sit

in an empty room. (b) house without shutters • *Abamulekwa baraara mu kyangaara.* The orphans sleep in a house without shutters.

**kyange** [see *ange*]

**kyangiire** *(e)kyangiire* n.7/8 accusation, allegation • *Ekyo kyangiire.* That is just an allegation.

**kyangwe** *(e)kyangwe* n.7/8 sponge (for bathing) • *Nabisya ekyangwe.* Use a sponge to bathe yourself.

**kyanikiro** *(e)kyanikiro* n.7/8 drying place • *Yanikira obwita oku kyanikiro.* Dry the millet at the drying place.

**kyanjo** *(e)kyanjo* n.7/8 (a) nonsense, foolishness • *Oyo akubaza bigambo bya kyanjo.* That one is speaking nonsense. (b) recklessness, carelessness • *Lekerawo okukola ebya kyanjo.* Stop doing things recklessly. (c) incompetence • *Tintaka kubba na mukali wa kyanjo.* I do not want to live with an incompetent woman. (d) poor quality • *OBugumirwa yakoore ebya kyanjo.* Bugumirwa did the work shoddily. (e) triviality, insignificance • *Ebyo by'akubaza bya kyanjo.* What he is saying is trivial. (f) just, simply, anyhow • *Yatambwire kyanjo.* He simply walked away.

**kyankalana** *(oku)kyankalana* v.intr. *kyankalaine* (a) to be annoyed • *Abantu bakyankalaine ng'oBobi wine bamukwaite.* People were annoyed when Bobi Wine was arrested. (b) to be disorderly, to be disorganised • *Ekisiika kya mwala kikyankalaine.* The girl's room is disorganised.

**kyankomeero** *(e)kyankomeero* adv. finally, eventually, ultimately, in the end • *Ekyankomeero olwige luyigukire.* Finally, the door opened.

**kyankoole** *(o)kyankoole* n.1a/10 common water hyacinth (*Eichhornia crassipes*) • *Okyankoole yeyongeire oku nyanja.* Water hyacinth has spread in the lake.

**kyanya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyanya* n.7 (a) chance • *Mpeerya ekyanya nsimooleku.* Give me a chance to talk. (b) opportunity, occasion, opening • *Ebyanya bya kukola oku ladiyo biweirewo.* There are no more opportunities to work on the radio. (c) room, unoccupied area, space

**kyanya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kyanya* v.tr. *kyanyire* to pile up, to heap • *Kyanya eisoigi eryo amwei.* Pile up those dry banana leaves together.

**kyanyumaanyuma** [see also *kinaanyumanyuma*] adv. in reverse, backwards• *Emotoka akugivuga kyanyumaanyuma.* He is driving the car in reverse.

**kyanywe** [see *nywe*]

**kyanzi** *(e)kyanzi* n.7/8 wooden milk jug • *Amatai ngasukire mu kyanzi.* I put the milk into the wooden milk jug.

**kyanzo** *(e)kyanzo* n.7/8 skin, hide • *Ekyanzo kizwa ku bisolo.* Skin is removed from animals.

**kyapa**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyapa* n.7/8 mark, spot • *Onte wange aliku ekyapa oku mutwe.* My cow has a mark on its head.

**kyapa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyapa* n.7/8 <from Persian via Sw.> land title • *Nfunira ekyapa kya itakali lyange.* Secure a land title on my land for me.

**kyaraizuma** adv. aimlessly, without purpose, without direction • *Ayabire kyaraizuma.* He has left without having a real destination.

**kyarumwe** adv. for good, forever, definitively • *Yayabiire kyarumwe.* He left for good.

**kyasa**<sup>1</sup> *(o)kyasa* n.1a/10 cow with white stripes on the head • *Onte wange kyasa.* My cow has white stripes on its head.

**kyasa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyasa* n.7/8 century • *Ekyasa kyaikumi n'omwendai kyaweireku kusai.* The 19th century ended very well.

**kyasi** *(e)kyasi* n.7/8 <from Sw.> (a) shot, gunfire, blast, bang • *Mpuliire ekyasi kya mbundu.* I heard the sound of a gunshot. (b) sneeze •*Omukali ayasimwire ekyasi.* The woman sneezed loudly.

**kyata** [see also *kyaka*] *(e)kyata* n.7 heartburn • *Ebiyaata n'ebiyimba bireeta ekyata.* Sweet potatoes and beans cause heartburn.

**kyawa** *(oku)kyawa* v.tr. *kyawire* to hate, to despise • *Omukali oyo akyawa abalamu baamwe muno.* That woman really hates her in-laws.

**kyawandiikiirwe** *(e)kyawandiikiirwe* n.7/8 scripture • *Asomere ekyawandiikiirwe n'obugumu.* He read the scripture with confidence.

**kyawongo** *(e)kyawongo* n.7/8 witchcraft, sorcery, magic • *Ebya-* *wongo twabikeerwe.* We are fed up with witchcraft.

**kyayita** *(e)kyayita* n.7/8 banana peel • *Embuli zitaka okulya ebyayita.* Goats like eating banana peels.

**kyazo** *(e)kyazo* n.7/8 papyrus mat • *Ekyazo bakisimuuraku magulu.* The papyrus mat is used for wiping the feet.

**kyebbisiiri** adv. stealthily • *Oyo atambula kyebbisiiri.* That one walks stealthily.

**kyebereka** *(e)kyebereka* n.7/8 gate crasher • *Bakyeberaka basiisire omukolo.* The gatecrashers ruined the ceremony.

**kyebikiro** *(e)kyebikiro* n.7 premonition, feeling in one's bones, bad omen, foreboding • *Eizo yafunire ekyebikiro.* Yesterday he had a premonition.

**kyebonero** *(e)kyebonero* n.7/8 wonder, miracle, marvel • *Kyebonero nk'enkende ya walubu.* It's a wonder to see a chameleon dancing. (lit. It is a wonder to see the waist of a chameleon.) (Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**kyedeedyo** *(e)kyedeedyo* n.7/8 swing (a seat suspended by ropes or chains) • *Aikaire ku kyedeedyo.* She sits on a swing.

**kyefeera** *(e)kyefeera* n.7/8 animal dead of natural causes • *Abasiraamu tibalya kyefeera.* Moslems do not eat animals which died of natural causes.

**kyegeseryo** *(e)kyegeseryo* n.7/8 col-

lege • *Ayabire mu kyegeseryo kwega byamasanyalaze.* She has gone to college to train as an electrician.

**kyeibbiseibbise** adv. secretly, stealthily • *Lwaki ebintu byamu obikola kyeibbiseibbise?* Why do you do things secretly?

**kyeirunduko** *(e)kyeirunduko* n.7/8 shock, fright, scare, fear, alarm • *Afunire ekyeirunduko n'amuboine.* He got a shock when he saw him.

**kyejo** *(e)kyejo* n.7 naughty behaviour, bad manners, disobedience • *Mwanawe ota wa kyejo.* You child, you are naughty.

**kyeko** *(e)kyeko* n.7/8 sash, belt, waistband • *Ekyeko kigumu.* The sash is durable.

**kyekolamujwiga** *(e)kyekolamujwiga* n.7/8 tiger • *Okyekolamujwiga tumwaja mu zoo.* Tigers are found in the zoo.

**kyekurundya** *(e)kyekurundya* n.7/8 reptile • *Ebyekurundya bibba mu maizi n'okulukalu.* Reptiles are found in water and on land.

**kyekurungi** *(e)kyekurungi* n.7/8 circle • *Kubba ekyekurungi omu kitabo kyamu.* Draw a circle in your book. **kyemeero** *(e)kyemeero* n.7 sudden shoulder pain • *Obulwaire bwa kyemeero buluma muno.* A sudden shoulder pain hurts a lot.

**kyemero** *(e)kyemero* n.7/8 (a) foot • *Omuntu ayemeera ku bwemero.* A person stands on his feet. (b) sole (of feet) • *Omuntu ata n'ekyemero ekibbambaatali abba wa kifiini.* A person with flat feet is believed to have bad luck.

**kyemo** *(e)kyemo* n.7/8 footstep, track, footprint • *Kini ekyemo kya ntaama.* This is the footprint of a sheep.

**kyena** *(oku)kyena* v.tr. *kyenere* to curse • *Lwaki okyena abaana baamu?* Why do you curse your children?

**kyenda** *(e)kyenda* n.7/8 (a) intestine • *Ebyenda bya nte bibba birai.* Intestines of a cow are long. (b) offal, entrails and internal organs of an animal, innards • *Ataka muno okulya ebyenda.* He likes eating offal.

**kyendai** *(e)kyendai* n.7/8 ninety • *Omwana yafunire kyendai ku kikumi mu kubala.* The child got ninety out of one hundred in mathematics.

**kyendebwa** *(e)kyendebwa* n.7/8 need, necessity, requirement • *Emere kyendebwa kya bwomi.* Food is a necessity in life.

**kyendo** *(e)kyendo* n.7/8 gourd (used to carry local brew) • *Mpeeryayo ekyendo kya malwa.* Give me a gourd of local brew.

**kyendudo** *(e)kyendudo* n.7/8 wooden hand-washing basin • *Omugeni muweerye ekyendudo anaabe omu ngalo.* Bring a wooden handwashing basin so that the visitor may wash his hands.

**kyenduudo** *(e)kyenduudo* n.7/8 onelitre wooden container used as a unit of measure • *Nkolesya kyenduudo okupima obwingi bwa mwenge.* I use a one-litre wooden container to determine the amount of beer.

**kyengeezi** *(e)kyengeezi* n.7 dim light • *Omu nyumba mulimu kyengeezi.* There is dim light in the house.

**kyengezi** *(e)kyengezi* n.7 brightness, illumination • *Ekyengezi kya laaputoopu kisiisa amaiso.* The brightness of the laptop affects the eyes.

**kyenju**<sup>1</sup> [see also *lyenju*] *(e)kyenju* n.7/8 yellow banana • *Omu Uganda mulimu ebika bya byenju bingi.* There are different varieties of yellow bananas in Uganda.

**kyenju**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyenju* n.7 yellow colour • *Olugoye lwamwe lwa kyenju.* His clothing is yellow in colour.

**kyenkaninkani** adv. equally, evenly • *Mugabane empiiya ezo kyenkaninkani.* Share that money equally.

**kyenyi** *(e)kyenyi* n.7/8 forehead • *Ekyenyi kyamwe kigazi.* His forehead is wide.

**kyenyumanyuma** adv. backwards • *Lwaki otambula kyenyumanyuma?* Why are you walking backwards?

**kyerenga** *(e)kyerenga* n. disobedience, insubordination • *Omwana kyerenga muzibu okukulya.* A disobedient child is difficult to raise.

**kyereza** *(e)kyereza* n.7/8 half gourd (especially for drawing water from a pot or boat) • *Mpeereza ekyereza nsene amaizi.* Pass me the half gourd so that I can draw some water.

**kyero** *(e)kyero* n.7/8 piece of clothing, garment • *Ekyero ekyo kitoolewo awo.* Remove that piece of clothing. **kyeroorwa** *(o)kyeroorwa* n.1a/2 illmannered person, uncivilised person • *Wembe wafookere kyeroorwa.* No wonder you became an illmannered person.

**Kyerupe** *(o)Kyerupe* n.1a/2 white person • *Iswe abajungu tubeeta ba kyerupe.* We refer to white people as Kyerupe.

**kyesaguro** *(e)kyesaguro* n.7/8 pillow • *Mpeerya ekyesaguro kyange mbasye.* Give me my pillow and I will sleep.

**kyesero** *(e)kyesero* n.7/8 watering trough, drinking trough • *Ente zikwaba ku kyesero kunywa maizi.* The cows are going to the watering trough to drink water.

**kyesiimire** adv. willingly, voluntarily, readily • *Omulumu tukugukola kyesiimire.* We are doing the work willingly.

**kyesuubire** *(e)kyesuubire* n.7/8 secret box, safe • *Omu kyesuubire mubbaamu bikulu.* It is only important things that are kept in the secret box. **kyesuubo** *(e)kyesuubo* n.7/8 swing (a seat suspended by ropes or chains) • *Abaana bali oku kyesuubo bakuzeenya.* The children are playing on the swing.

**kyesweko** *(e)kyesweko* n.7/8 (a) bedding • *Ebyesweko byamwe bikairikire.* His bedding has grown very old. (b) supper • *Tumaare okulya ekyesweko.* We have finished eating supper.

**kyetaago** *(e)kyetaago* n.7/8 necessity, need, requirement • *Ekyetaago kyaiswe maizi.* Our need is water.

**kyetaawo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyetaawo* n.7/8 nongovernment organisation, NGO • *Omu Uganda mulimu ebyetaawo bingi.* There are many NGOs in Uganda.

**Kyetaawo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Kyetaawo* n.1a/2 name given to a child who is conceived unexpectedly • *OKyetaawo mwojo musai ate mugondi.* Kyetaawo is a handsome boy and humble at the same time.

**kyetengo** [see also *kyetaago*] *(e)kyetengo* n.7/8 <from archaic> necessity, need, requirement • *Ekyetengo kyaiswe kya byanyegesya ebisai.* Our need is a good education system.

**kyetiikire** *(e)kyetiikire* n.7/8 <from flora> *Leonotis nepetifolia* • *Mpeerya ekyetiikire ntambe okaruma.* Get me *Leonotis nepetifolia* and I'll treat cramps.

**kyewamala** *(e)kyawamala* n.7/8 *Tetradenia riparia* (a species of flowering plant, the essential oil of its leaves have antimalarial contents) • *Ekyawamala kitamba omusuja. Tetradenia riparia* is used to treat malaria.

**kyewumbyewumbye** *(e)kyewumbyewumbye* n.7/8 toy made from clay (especially made by children) • *Abaana bakoore ebyewumbyewumbye bingi muno.* The children have made many toys out of clay.

**kyewungo** *(e)kyewungo* n.7/8 type of spirit, charm • *Omusaiza aliku ekyewungo.* The man is possessed by a spirit.

**kyewuunyo** *(e)kyewuunyo* n.7/8 wonder, miracle • *Kini kyewunyo omusiraamu okwaba omu kereziya.* It is a miracle for a Moslem to go to church.

**kyeyendere** adv. by choice, voluntary, freely • *Okulumwa enzala ng'emere eriwo kibba kyeyendere.* One can eat freely when food is available. **kyeyera** *(e)kyeyera* n.7/8 high broad forehead • *Omusaiza ata n'ekyeyera ekigazi.* The man has a high broad forehead.

**kyeyetebuca** *(e)kyeyetebuca* n.7/8 echo • *Mpuliire ekyeyetebuca.* I heard an echo.

**kyeyeyamulyo** *(e)kyeyeyamulyo* n.7/8 yawn • *Akubbire ebyeyeyamulyo bisatu.* He yawned three times.

**kyeyo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyeyo* n.7/8 broom, besom • *Ekyeyo kyange kikayirikire.* My broom has worn out.

**kyeyo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyeyo* n.7/8 wage employment • *Ayabire mu Amerika kukubba kyeyo.* He went to America for wage employment.

**kyeyobolyo** *(e)kyeyoboolyo* n.7/8 discarded skin of a snake after shedding • *Ekyeyeyobolyo kiranga nti onjoka ali ampi.* The discarded skin of a snake shows that the snake is near.

**kyo** pro. it (noun class 7 independent pronoun)

**kyoba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)kyoba* v.tr. *kyobere* to mix • *Kyoba omuwogo omu bwita.* Mix the cassava flour with the millet flour.

**kyoba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)kyoba* v.tr. *kyobere* to reach (one's goal) • *Kola muno okyobe w'okutaka.* Work hard and you will reach your goal.

**Kyoga** *(o)Kyoga* n. Lake Kyoga

**kyogero**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyogero* n.7/8 (a) traditional bath solution for a baby • *Abaana abato tubanaabya ekyogero.* We bathe children in a traditional bath solution. (b) basin in which a baby is washed (originally made of clay, now motly of metal)

**kyogoyogo** *(e)kyogoyogo* n.7/8 wild cassava • *Ekyogoyogo kikuura mu kibira era tikiriibwa.* Wild cassava grows in the forest and is not edible. **kyokeryo** *(e)kyokeryo* n.7/8 kiln, oven, furnace • *Amanda agatwoire mu kyokeryo.* He removed the charcoal from the kiln.

**kyoko** *(e)kyoko* n.7/8 pond • *Abaana bakusaanya omu kyoko.* The children are swimming in the pond.

**kyole** *(e)kyole* n.7/8 (a) cave • *Onguli Gadafi yayombokere ekyole omu maka gaamwe.* The late Gadafi dug a cave in his house. (b) burrow, underground hole (of porcupines or moles) • *Osekesu asula mu kyole.* The porcupine lives in a hole.

**kyologoma** *(e)kyologoma* n.7/8 pit, large hole in the ground • *Ombuli agwire omu kyologoma.* A goat has fallen into a pit.

**kyolooni** *(e)kyolooni* n.7/8 <from Sw.> pit latrine, toilet, restroom, washroom, bathroom • *Ayabire mu kyolooni.* He has gone to the toilet.

**kyoma** *(e)kyoma* n.7/8 <from Sw.> (a) iron, metal • *Ensika bagikola mu kyoma.* A hoe is made of iron. (b) machine, apparatus, appliance, device • *Ekyoma ekisala embaawo kyasiisikaire.* The machine which cuts timber broke down. (c) milling machine • *Ayabire ku kyoma kusya bwita.* He has gone to the milling machine to grind his millet. (d) **kyoma kalimagezi** computer • *Abantu ba mwijo ogukaire tibamaite kukolesya byoma bikalimagezi.* People of the older generation do not know how to use a computer properly. (e) **kyoma kyoza** washing machine • *Engoye za kaaki zibba zizibu okwoza n'obba nga tolina kyoma kyoza.* Khaki clothes are difficult to wash if you don't have a washing machine.

**kyombeko** *(e)kyombeko* n.7/8 building, construction • *Yaba oku kyombeko kidi ekiyaaka onguure olugoye oluya.* Go to the other new building and buy me a new dress.

**kyomboke** [see *kyombeko*]

**kyomya** *(o)kyomya* n.1a (a) type of spirit among the Banyoro • *Kyomya abba mbandwa ya Banyoro.* Kyomya is a spirit belonging to the Banyoro. (b) very rich person • *Omusaiza kyomya afiire.* The rich man is dead.

# **kyona** *see (-)ona*

**kyondi** interj. (a) response of a hunter who did not have a successful hunting • *Weigule! – Kyondi.* Welcome back! – I was unsuccessful. (b) lack of success, failure, nonsuccess,

inefficiency, fruitlessness • *Olwaleero lubbaire lwa kyondi.* Today I was unsuccessful in all my endeavours.

**kyondo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyondo* n.7/8 gulf • *Enyanjagikooto eya Red Sea etaaku ekyondo ekikooto.* The Red Sea has a big gulf.

**kyondo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyondo* n.7/8 *Bryophyllum pinnatum* (air plant, cathedral bells, a type of plant used to treat skin infections)

**kyongu** *(e)kyongu* n.7/8 pumpkin • *Ekyongu kikuure.* The pumpkin is ripe.

**kyonkai** conj. yet, however, although, though, even though • *Yayabire kyonkai nga mulwaire.* He left even though he was sick.

**kyonoono** *(e)kyonoono* n.7/8 sin, wrongdoing • *Ata n'ebyonoono bingi.* He has committed many sins.

**kyonzeera** *(e)kyonzeera* n.7/8 (a) witchcraft, charm, talisman, fetish, juju • *Ebyonzeera babinaga mu masanganzira.* They throw fetishes in the road junction. (b) family member responsible for solving the family's predicaments • *Buli eka ebba n'okyonzeera waabwe.* Every family has a family member responsible for solving the family's predicaments.

**kyosi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyosi* n.7/8 (a) bad luck, misfortune • *Ekyosi kindemeserye okutambula olwaleero.* A misfortune prevented me from travelling today. (b) kwashiorkor (a form of malnutrition caused by protein deficiency in the diet), deficiency in a child

caused by premature weaning (believed to occur when the mother conceives another child) • *Omwana wa muganda wange yalwaire ekyose.* My sister's child is experiencing nutritional deficiency due to premature weaning.

**kyosi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyosi* n.7/8 off duty, day off, respite • *Ekyosi kyange kibbaire kya leero.* Today was my day off.

**kyota** *(oku)kyota* v.tr. *kyotere* to dig mounds (for sweet potato) • *Ayabire kukyota biyaata.* He has gone to dig sweet potato mounds.

**kyoteryo** *(e)kyoteryo* n.7/8 sauna • *Ayabire mu kyoteryo.* He has gone to the sauna.

**kyoto**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyoto* n.7/8 fireplace • *Kakaania omuuro omu kyoto.* Stir the fire in the fireplace.

**kyoto**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyoto* n.7/8 (a) floating vegetation • *Emisanga waliyo ekyoto.* There is floating vegetation at Misanga. (b) name of a male born on an island • *OKyoto mubyale wa ku iganzo.* Kyoto was born on an island. **kyoto**<sup>3</sup> *(e)kyoto* n.7/8 front derailleur (part of a bicycle) • *Egaali yange esiisikaire omu kyoto.* My bicycle has mechanical problems with the front derailleur.

**kyowa** *(e)kyowa* n.7/8 device used to scoop water from the boat • *Kolesya ekyowa okwowa amaizi.* Use that scoop to scoop water from the boat. **kyowo** *(e)kyowo* n.7 (a) mist, fog

• *Ekyowo nka kyakaliriirye olwaleero!* There is heavy mist today. (b)

humidity • *Obwire bwa kyowo.* The weather is humid. (c) **kwezi kuliko (e)kyowo** (of the moon) to be pale • *Okwezi kuliku ekyowo.* The moon is pale. (d) athlete's foot, tinea pedis (type of fungal infection of the feet) • *Ekyowo kikyali kuwona.* The tinea pedis is yet to heal.

**kyoya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)kyoya* n.7/8 wound • *Alina ekyoya ku kugulu.* He has a wound on the leg.

**kyoya**<sup>2</sup> *(e)kyoya* n.7/8 feather • *Onkoko azwireku ekyoya.* The hen has shed a feather.

**kyoyo** *(e)kyoyo* n.7 fault, deficiency, imperfection • *Omulumu gwange mugukoore na kyoyo.* You did my work shoddily.

**kyozi** *(o)kyozi* n.1a/10 black cow • *Okyozi alayi?* Where is the black cow?

**kyuka** *(oku)kyuka* v.intr. *kyukire* (a) to turn, to turn around • *Kyuka oire oku gumoso.* Turn to the left. (b) to change • *Ebintu bikyukire muno ebiro bini.* Things have changed a lot lately. (c) to convert, to change one's religious faith • *Yakyukire n'afooka omulokole.* He converted to the bornagain faith.

**kyukula** *(oku)kyukula* v.tr. *kyukwire* to wean off • *Kyukula omwana oyo oku mabeere.* Wean that child.

**kyungura** *(oku)kyungura* v.tr. *kyungwire* to redeem, to reclaim, to free • *Naani yakyungura eiyanga lyaiswe?* Who will ever redeem our nation?

**kyunya** *(oku)kyunya* v.intr. *kyunyire* to be delicious, to be tasty • *Omukubi guni gukyunire.* This sauce is delicious.

**kyunyi** (e.g. *gukyunyi, mukyunyi*) adj. tasty, delicious, yummy • *Omukubi guni gukyunyi.* This sauce is delicious.

**kyusa** *(oku)kyusa* v.tr. *kyusire* (a) to change, to replace • *Obanasaa-* *yansi atibuni basola okukyusa emisokoolo.* Scientists can now transplant bone marrow. (b) to transfer (e.g. from one job to another) (c) to translate, to interprete • *Omukyusa ayemereire ampi n'omuntu gwa kukyusira.* The interpreter is standing near the person he is interpreting for.

# **L**

**laakiira** *(oku)laakiira* v.intr. *laakiire* (a) to whoop • *Onkeremba waamu ka akulakiira muno.* Your child is whooping a lot. (b) to choke • *Amaizi gamulaakiire.* He has been choked up with water.

**laala** *(oku)laala* v.intr. *laire* (a) to rest, to sleep, to spend the night • *Alaala mpani.* He sleeps here. (b) to stay, to live • *Olaala ayi?* Where do you live? (c) to be calm, to be at peace, to be settled • *Enyanja eraire.* The lake is calm. (d) (of cassava) to go bad due to linamarin • *Omuwogo atandikire okulaala.* Cassava has started going bad due to linamarin.

**laalaasa** *(oku)laalaasa* v.tr. *laalaasire* to spread (rumours), to divulge (a secret or confidential information), to pass on (news) • *Akulaalaasa nambu waibbire onte.* She is spreading rumours that you stole a cow.

**lalaania** *(oku)laalania* v.tr. *lalainie*

to spread out, to scatter • *Lalaania ebiteere ebyo bikale.* Spread out the sliced sweet potatoes to dry them.

**laalika** *(oku)laalika* v.tr. *laalikire* to notify • *Nje mbalaalikire, oba mukwiza mwize.* I have notified you, it is up to you to come or not to come. to appoint, to assign • *Ndaalikire omukoli atusumbire onkoko.* I have assigned the worker to cook for us chicken.

**laalira** *(oku)laalira* v.intr. *laaliire* (a) to hibernate • *Obunyoroozi bumaite okulaalira okumala ekiseera ekikooto.* The earthworms know how to hibernate for a long time. (b) to get stuck high up • *Omupiira gulaaliire aiguru omu musaale.* The ball got stuck up in the tree. (c) to resist, to oppose, to fight against, to refuse to accept • *Ombuli bakumutwala kulya eisubi, akulaalira.* They are taking the goat to eat grass, but it is resisting.

**laama** *(oku)laama* v.intr. *laamire* to

make a will, to make a testament • *Laama ng'okyali kufa.* Make a will before you die.

**laamiirya** *(oku)laamiirya* v.tr. *laamiriirye* (a) to invoke, to summon • *Akulaamiirya muzumu gwa rufa.* He is invoking a spirit of the dead. (b) to pray (to traditional spirits) • *Abantu baaba mu kirooro okulaamiirya.* People have gone to the shrine to pray.

**laaputoopu** *(e)raaputoopu* n.9/10 <from En.> laptop • *Abanayuganda baingi tibamaite kukolesya laaputoopu.* Many Ugandans do not know how to use a laptop.

**laatiri** *(e)raatiri* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> pound (a unit of weight) • *Nguurayo eraatiri ibiri eza sukaali.* Go and buy for me two pounds of sugar.

**laatya** *(oku)laatya* v.tr. *laatirye* to keep food warm • *Mwabe mulaatye emere eni omu ikoke erikwoca.* Let's keep this food warm in hot ash.

**laawa** *(oku)laawa* v.tr. *laawire* to castrate, to neuter, to sterilise • *Laawa onume oyo.* Castrate that bull.

**laaya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)laaya* v.intr. *laayire* to be a prostitute • *Omuntu n'alaaya awaamu ekitiinisya.* When a person is a prostitute, she loses respect.

**laaya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)laaya* v.tr. *laayire* to hollow out (a piece of wood in order to make a wooden milk jug) • *Laaya omusaale tufune ekyanzi kya kubiikamu amatai.* Hollow the wood so that we have a wooden milk jug. **laaya**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)laaya* v.intr. *laayire* to

grow tall • *Omusaale gwange gulaayire.* My tree has grown tall.

**labata** *(oku)labata* v.tr. *labatire* to step on • *Onte andabatire oku kugulu.* A cow stepped on my foot.

**labba** *(*(e.g. *mulabba, mirabba*) adj. very tall (of a man) • *Naitiraine omusaiza omulabba e Nakasongola eizo.* I met a very tall man in Nakasongola yesterday.

**labiira** *(oku)labiira* v.tr. *labiriire* to take care of, to look after, to tend to, to watch over • *Labiira endumiro yange ni naabba nga tindiwo.* Take care of my garden while I am away.

**labuka** *(oku)labuka* v.intr. *labukire* (a) to hurry (up), to rush • *Labuka twabe.* Hurry up and let's go. (b) to be warned, to be forewarned, to become aware, to be on the alert, to be on one's guard • *Omusaiza oyo yalabukire mangu.* That man became aware quite fast. (c) to walk fast, to move with haste • *Lwaki omusirikale akulabuka?* Why is the soldier walking fast?

**labuki** (e.g. *mulabuki, balabuki*) adj. (a) knowledgeable, learned, educated, experienced • *Tulina okukulesya omuntu omulabuki akole nka omwebulibwaku.* We should employ a knowledgeable person to serve as our consultant. (b) kind, approachable, friendly, agreeable • *Kya mukisa abantu okubba n'omukama omulabuki.* It is a blessing for people to have a friendly king.

**labukirabuki** *(*(e.g. *mulaburabuki,*

*balabukirabuki*) adj. sharp and keen • *Omulumi odi mulabukirabuki.* That farmer is sharp and keen.

**labukya** *(oku)labukya* v.tr. *labukirye* to do quickly • *Labukyaku ensonga zaamu tuziwuure.* Present your matters quickly so that we can hear them.

**labula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)labula* v.tr. *labwire* to scratch • *Onkoko akulabula nga akutoolya emere.* The chicken scratches (the ground) looking for food.

**labula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)labula* v.tr. *labwire* to warn, to caution, to alert • *Labula omwana oyo alekerawo okuzeenyera omu nzira.* Warn that child not to play on the road.

**labuukiira** *(oku)labuukiira* v.tr. *labukiriire* to be suspicious of, to suspect of, to be cautious of • *Namulabukiriire okubba omwibbi ni mwiruka.* I suspected him to be a thief and I ran away.

**ladiyo** *(e)radiyo* n.9/10 <from En.> radio, radio receiver • *Eradiyo yange esiisikaire.* My radio is faulty.

**laga** *(oku)laga* v.tr. *lagire* to see off, to bid farewell • *Laga abageni twabe.* See off the visitors and then let's go. **lagaana** *(oku)lagaana* v.tr. *lagaine* to agree, to consent, to decide on, to conform to • *Naabire okumutwara empiiya ze twalagaine, baitu nayajirye yeecangire.* I went to take to him the money we had agreed upon, but I found that he had changed his mind. **lagaanisya** *(oku)lagaanisya* v.tr. *lagaaniaanisirye* (a) to promise • *Oyo*

*alagaanisya n'ataikiirye.* That one makes empty promises. (b) to schedule, to set up a date • *Tulagaanisye ekiro ekituufu kye waiziraku.* Let us schedule the actual date when you will come.

**lagaarya** *(oku)lagaarya* v.tr. *lagairye* to set a date for • *Lagaarya lwe waiza.* Set a date when you will come.

**lagalika** *(oku)lagalika* v.intr. *lagalikire* to fall (off), to fall down • *Emiyembe zengeire, zikulagalikambe.* The mangoes are ripe and they are falling off the tree.

**lagalikya** *(oku)lagalikya* v.tr. *lagalikirye* to spread out • *Omulumi akulagalikya ebiteere oku lwanu.* The farmer is spreading out the sliced potatoes at the drying place.

**lagalya** *(oku)lagalya* v.tr. *lagairye* to shed off (leaves) • *Omutumba gulagairye ebikoola byona byona.* The bark-cloth tree has shed all its leaves.

**lagamira** *(oku)lagamira* v.intr. *lagamiire* (a) to puddle, to form a small pool • *Amaizi galagamiire omu musaale.* Water has formed a puddle under a tree. (b) to be trapped, to be stuck, to be jammed • *Olugoye lwange lulagamiire oku musaale.* My clothing got caught by a tree.

**lagiira** *(oku)lagiira* v.tr. *lagiriire* to send (a person) • *Yemeera nkulagiire oku maduuka?* Wait so that I can send you to the shop.

**lagira** *(oku)lagira* v.tr. *lagiire* to

give instructions, to give orders, to instruct • *Ndagira nje nkole.* Give me instructions and I will act.

**lagiriza** *(oku)lagiriza* v.tr. *lagiriize* (a) to speak (to someone) from a distance • *Ti kisai kulagiriza omuntu.* It is not good to speak to a person from a distance. (b) to send for (a person), to order (merchandise) • *Kini kikukiramu obwingi bwa saati ze twalagiriize.* This exceeds the number of shirts we ordered. (c) to pursue (with canes, missiles, shots) • *Omwibbi bamulagiriize amasasi.* The thief was pursued with shots.

**lagula** *(oku)lagula* v.tr. *lagwire* to foretell, to predict, to prophesy • *Nabbi Isaaya yalagwire ebiribbaawo.* The prophet Isaiah prophesied what will happen in the future.

**laha** [see *lawa*]

**lai** (e.g. *lulai, gulai*) adj. (a) long • *Olugendo lulai oku mwana omuto.* That journey is long for a small child. (b) tall, high • *Omukali oyo mulai okusinga oiba waamwe.* That woman is taller than her husband.

**laira** *(oku)laira* v.intr. *layire* (a) to vow, to take vows • *Abagole bakwaba kulaira.* The bride and bridegroom are going to take vows. (b) to take oath of office • *Abakwenda bakwaba kulaira ku Lwabbalaza.* The members of parliament are going to be sworn in on Monday.

**lakaasira** *(oku)lakaasira* v.intr. *lakaasiire* to be thirsty • *Mbaire ndakaasiire muno, weebale kumpa ma-* *booki.* I was very thirsty, thank you for giving me some water.

**lakira** *(oku)lakira* v.tr. *lakiire* to choke, to stick in the throat of (a person) • *Amaizi gandakiire.* The water choked me.

**lalambala** *(oku)lalambala* v.intr. *lalambaire* (a) to be stiff, to be inflexible, to be erect • *Eikoti lya mwama liralambaire.* The child's neck is stiff. (b) to be unruly, to be disobedient, to be obstinate • *Omwana waamu alalambaire takyawuura.* Your child has become so unruly that she no longer listens.

**lalikya** *(oku)lalikya* v.intr. *lalikirye* to stumble, to trip (over) • *Nalalikirye oku ibbaale n'engwa.* I stumbled against the rock and fell.

**lalu** *(*(e.g. *mulalu, giralu, kiralu*) adj. stubborn, obstinate • *Omwana wange mulalu.* My child is stubborn.

**laluka** *(oku)laluka* v.intr. *lalukire* (a) to be mad, to be insane, to be nuts • *Omwala wa Tabaaro alalukire.* Tabaaro's child has gone mad. (b) to be rebellious, to be unruly • *Abaana balalukire ebiro bini.* The children have become unruly these days.

**lama** *(oku)lama* v.intr. *lamire* (a) to be fit, to be in a good state, to be in good health • *Omulwaire alamire.* The patient is now in good health. (b) to survive • *Omulwaire wa kookolo yalamire.* The cancer patient survived. (c) to be successful, to come out well, to turn out properly • *Timmaite oba ekeeki yange yalama.* I

wonder whether my cake will come out well.

**lamaga** *(oku)lamaga* v.intr. *lamagire* to make a pilgrimage, to make a journey, to go on a long trip • *Abantu baingi abaalamagire omwaka oguwoire.* There are many people who made a pilgrimage last year.

**lamala** *(oku)lamala* v.intr. *lamaire* to be disabled, to be handicapped • *Omwana ka atambula kubbi, akwaba kulamala?* The child walks awkwardly, will he be disabled?

**lamantiirya** *(oku)lamantiirya* v.tr. *lamantiriirye* to smooth, to make even • *Lamantiirya omurugwa gwa kinaga.* Smooth the frame of the pot. **lamba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)lamba* v.tr. *lambire* (a) to advise, to counsel (especially a bride before marriage) • *Lamba abaala abo nga bakyali kwaba mu bufumbo.* Counsel those girls before they get married. (b) to introduce (a person or a speech) • *Lamba abagenyi abantu babamanye.* Introduce the visitors so that people know them. (c) to label (an object) • *Lamba motoka egyo.* Label that car. (d) to install (a heir) • *Mwabe mulambe omusika.* Go and install a heir.

**lamba**<sup>2</sup> *(*(e.g. *kiramba, giramba*) adj. whole, full, entire, complete • *Yaliire ekinage kiramba.* He ate a whole tilapia.

**lambiira** *(*(e.g. *mulambiira, kirambiira*) adj. whole, full, entire, complete • *Ensawu ya biyaata aleetere girambiira.* He has brought a full sack

of potatoes.

**lambika** *(oku)lambika* v.tr. *lambikire* (a) to stretch out, to lay out straight, to hold straight • *Onjoka bamulambikire mu nzira.* They have laid out straight a snake on the road. (b) to advise, to guide • *Lambika kusai omwana waabwe.* Advise their child properly. (c) to wide open (legs) • *Lwaki olambikire amagulu?* Why are you sitting with your legs wide open? (d) to tell logically, to express logically • *Yalambikire kusai ensonga zaamwe.* He expressed his issues logically.

**lambira** *(oku)lambira* v.intr. *lambiire* to lie face down • *Oyo abbasirye n'alambira.* She is lying face down. **lambula** *(oku)lambula* v.tr. *lambwire* (a) to visit, to pay a visit to • *Yaba olambule abantu baamu.* Go and visit your people. (b) to tour, to make a trip • *Ntaka muno okulambula e Bulaaya.* I really like touring Europe.

**lambuula** *(oku)lambuula* v.tr. *lambuire* to elaborate, to make detailed, to expand • *Lambuura ensonga ezo.* Elaborate on those points.

**lampi** *(*(e.g. *ampi, tumpi*) adv. about (to something), close (to doing something)• *Oikendi alampi okutoonya.* It is about to rain.

**lamu** *(*(e.g. *mulamu, balamu*) adj. humane, compassionate, gentle, merciful • *Abantubalamu badooli oku kyalo kyaiswe.* Humane people are very few in our village.

**lamuka** *(oku)lamuka* v.intr. *lamuki-*

*re* (a) to be healthy, to recover from an ilness • *OMariam abbaire omulwaire ati alamukire.* Mariam was sick, but now she has recovered. (b) to be fixed, to be functioning • *Emotoka ya Atuhairwe eramukire.* Atuhairwe's car has been fixed.

**lamukya** *(oku)lamukya* v.tr. *lamukyirye* to greet, to say hello, to welcome • *Abaana balamukya omaabwe buli mambyamambya.* The children greet their mother every morning.

**lamula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)lamula* v.tr. *lamwire* to milk • *Mpeerya embowera ndamule ente.* Give me a cuff so that I can milk the cow.

**lamula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)lamula* v.tr. *lamwire* (a) to pass a judgement • *Omulamuli alamwire omusango.* The judge passed a judgement. (b) to fix the price of, to set a price of, to put a price on, • *Alamwire sente mekai?* What price did he set?

**landa** <sup>1</sup> <from Sw.> (a) *(oku)landa* v.tr. *landire* to plane (timber), to smooth with a plane • *Omubaizi oyo amaite okulanda embaawo.* That carpenter knows how to plane timber. (b) *(e)randa* n.9/10 jack plane, hand plane • *Omubaizi abba n'eranda.* The carpenter has a jack plane.

**landa** <sup>2</sup> *(oku)landa* v.intr. *landire* (of plant) to creep, to twine • *Ebijaleero birandira ku misaale.* The beans are creeping up the trees.

**landimayini** *(e)randimayini* n.9/10 <from En.> landmine • *Erandimayini ebbwatukire.* The landmine exploded.

**landirya** [see also *landa*] *(oku)landirya* v.tr. *landiriirye* (a) to help (a creeping plant) to creep • *Akulandirya kirai ku musaale.* She is helping yams to creep up the tree. (b) **landirya (e)bigambo** to spread false rumours (c) **landirya (e)nukuta** to write cursive looped letters

**langa**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)langa* v.tr. *langire* (a) to show, to demonstrate, to display • *Tulange nti omaite okubina.* Demonstrate to us that you know how to dance. (b) to prove, to confirm • *Langa ekikukakasa nti egaali eni yaamu.* Prove that this bicycle is yours. (c) to announce, to declare, to make a proclamation, to release • *Langa obugenyi bwa mukama.* Announce the king's visit. (d) to pronounce, to proclaim, to prophesy, to predict, to foresee • *Omulangi alanga ebikwiza.* A prophet prophesies the future.

**langa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)langa* v.tr. *langire* <from archaic> to weave (a rope) • *Atandikire okulanga omuguwa.* He started to weave the rope.

**langi** *(e)rangi* n.9/10 (a) colour • *Erangi ya kiragala eta gisai.* Green is a very good colour. (b) paint

**langiira** *(oku)langiira* v.tr. *langiriire* (a) to direct, to give directions, to show the way, to guide • *Omugeni oyo mulangiire ewa Beebwa.* Direct that visitor to Beebwa's home. (b) to announce, to make public, to publicise, to broadcast• *Yaba olangiire oku ladiyo.* Go and make an announcement on the radio.

**langira** *(oku)langira* v.tr. *langiire* to insult, to abuse, to offend, to charge (of) • *Yamulangiire muno.* He insulted him a lot.

**languwa** *(oku)languwa* v.intr. *languwire* to hurry (up), to be quick, to hasten • *Languwaku twabe.* Hurry up and let's go.

**languyiira** *(oku)languyiira* v.intr. *languyiriire* to hurry, to move speedily, to dash, to be haste • *Omukali waamu ayakaire ani ng'akwanguyiira.* Your wife dashed past here.

**languyiirya** *(oku)languyiirya* v.tr. *languyiriirye* (a) to do something quickly, to do something in a hurry, to do something fast • *Languyiirya okusumba ocaayi.* Fix a tea quickly. (b) to spread rumours, to tell rumours • *Mukali we, lwaki olanguyiirya ebigambo?* Woman, why do you spread rumours?

**lanya** *(oku)lanya* v.intr. *lanyire* (a) to name one's lineage, to introduce oneself • *Lanya omu maiso ga mukama.* Introduce yourself to the King. (b) to pay a formal visit to a chief, to attend court • *Twaba kulanya wa Kabaka.* We are going to pay a formal call on the King of Buganda.

**lasa** *(oku)lasa* v.tr. *lasire* (a) to shoot (a gun, an arrow), to fire • *Onzogi baamulasire eisasi limwei lyonkai n'afa.* The elephant was shot with only one bullet, and it died. (b) to draw blood (from an animal) • *Onyana baamulasire ekiraso ng'agai-* *ne okwema.* Blood was drawn from the heifer when it couldn't get pregnant. (c) to construct (a roof of a house), to build (a roof of a house), to cover the house • *Lasa akatonde ka nyumba.* Construct the roof of the house.

**lasana** *(oku)lasana* v.intr. *lasaine* to speak (loudly), to shout, to make a lot of noise, to quarrel • *Weena olasana muno!* You are making a lot of noise!

**lasitiika** *(e)rasitiika* n.9/10 <from En.> elastic, rubber band, elastic band • *Empale eweiremu erasitiika.* The elastic of my trousers has worn out.

**lawa** *(oku)laha* v.tr. *lawire* to pay back • *Oteekwa okulawa eibanza nga okyali kufuna looni egindi.* You must pay the debt before you get a new loan.

**lawuka** *(oku)lawuka* v.intr. *lawukire* to hurry, to hurry up, to speed up • *Lawukaku omu by'okukola.* Hurry up with what you are doing.

**lawukiirya** *(oku)lawukiirya* v.intr. *lawukiirye* to act hurriedly • *Lawukiirya osange omwana nga akyali kugwa mu muuro.* Hurry up and prevent the child from falling into the fire.

**lawukya** *(oku)lawukya* v.intr. *lawukirye* to act hurriedly

**lawula** *(oku)lawula* v.tr. *lawire* (a) (of a hen) to scratch looking for food • *Onkoko alawula nga akuswagana ebyakulya.* A hen scratches while

looking for food. (b) to stir up, to provoke, to provoke bad feelings • *Abbaire akumulawulaku obusuume.* She wanted to stir up trouble with her.

**lawuna** *(oku)lawuna* v.intr. *lawunire* to watch, to guard, to protect • *Abasirikale balawuna obwire okukya.* The soldiers keep watch all night.

**layira** *(oku)layira* v.intr. *layiire* to swear, to vow, to declare under oath • *Layira omu maiso g'abantu.* Take a vow in front of the people.

**layisinsi** *(e)rayisinsi* n.9/10 <from En.> licence, permit, permission, driving licence • *Nfunire erayisensi ya motoka.* I have secured a driving license.

**layisya** *(oku)layisa* v.tr. *layisirye* (a) to lengthen, to prolong, to extend • *Okukubaganya ebiriwoozo kwalayisirye olunaku lulambiira.* The debate lasted for the whole day. (b) **layisya (e)nfuli** to lengthen the labia minora • *Abakali abaduuli balayisya enfuli.* Baruuli women lengthen their labia minora.

**lebe** adv. somewhere, in a certian place (used when the speaker is not certain about the location or does not want to name it) • *Yaba omu kifo lebe ondeetere esimu yange.* Go to that place and bring me my phone.

**lebeituka** *(oku)lebeituka* v.intr. *lebeitukire* (a) to move about constantly, to take trouble (with), to bother (with), to invest a lot of time or attention into • *Olebeitukire mu-* *no olwa musango gwa mwana.* You have invested a lot of time into the offence the child committed. (b) to face charges, to be accused officially of committing a crime • *OSimoolo akulebeituka n'emisango gya kwita omwala.* Simoolo is facing charges for killing a girl.

**lebeitula** *(oku)lebeitula* v.tr. *lebeitwire* (a) to make tired, to exhaust, to tire out • *Olugendo lukulebeitwire.* The journey has exhausted you. (b) to force to come along • *Bakumulebeitula gwa kwibba nte.* He is being forced to come along because he stole a cow.

**lebera** *(oku)lebera* v.intr. *lebeire* (a) to be soft, to be loose, to be slack (b) to be very weak, to be feeble, to be tired • *Omwana abazaire bamutwaire ng'akulebera.* The child was taken by the parents when he was very weak.

**leberi** *(*(e.g. *kireberi, guleberi, tuleberi*) adj. soft, smooth, fine • *Enyama ya byenda eta gireberi.* The offal is soft.

**leberya** *(oku)leberya* v.tr. *lebeirye* to loosen, to slacken • *Koba omutungi aleberyemu kadooli empale yange.* Tell the tailor to loosen my trousers a little.

**lebula** *(oku)lebula* v.tr. *lebwire* to libel, to vilify, to slander, to sully someone's reputation, to speak evil of, to defame • *ONankidi bakumujunaana kulebula Nangoma.* Nankidi is accused of libelling Nangoma.

**lebulya** *(oku)lebulya* v.tr. *lebwirye* to smoothen (the surface of a piece of pottery) • *Akulebulya kinaga.* He is smoothing a pot.

**leeba** *(oku)leeba* v.tr. *leebere* (a) to see from a distance • *Yemeera ani oleebe gye tukuzwa.* Stop and look where we have come from. (b) **leeba (e)nkowu** (of sweet potato vines) to sprout • *Ebikoola bya biyaata bitandikire okuleeba enkowu.* The sweet potato vines have started sprouting. **leebaleeba** [see also *leeba*] *(oku) leebaleeba* v.intr. *leebereleebere* to crane one's neck to see afar • *Leebaleeba obone ekiri omu katale.* Crane your neck and see what is happening in the market.

**leebeera** *(oku)leebeera* v.tr. *leebeire* to take care of, to watch over, to look after • *Leebeera omwana oni.* Take care of that child.

**leebeeta** *(oku)leebeeta* v.intr. *leebeetere* (a) to hang (down) • *Engoye zikuleebeetera oku lusuubo.* The clothes are hanging down on the drying lane. (b) to beg, to ask for, to pray for • *Omukali odi aleebeeta muno.* That woman begs a lot.

**leega**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)leega* v.tr. *leegere* (a) to pull, to drag • *Leega empanda okubbe ekinyonyi.* Pull the catapult and hit the bird. (b) to stretch, to expand • *Bakuleega waya z'amasanyalaze.* They are stretching electrical wires. (c) to demand, to ask strongly for something, to require • *Nkwiza kukuleega okwica ni wampa empiiya*

*zange.* I will keep demanding my money from you until you pay me. (d) to pester, to harass, to bother, to annoy • *Lekerawo okundeega otyo.* Stop pestering me like that. (e) to overprice, to overcharge, to hike, to demand a higher price • *Baleegere ebbeeyi ya sukaali.* They have hiked the price of sugar. (f) (of breasts) to be fully grown • *Amabeere ga mwala galeegere.* The girl's breasts are fully grown. (g) to wear a bra • *Tiyaleegere olwaleero.* She did not wear a bra today. (h) to tune (a musical instrument) • *Akuleega egita.* He is tuning the guitar.

**leega**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)leega* v.intr. *leegere* (a) to go straight, to walk straight • *Leegambe otakyamuka.* Just go straight, don't turn. (b) to aline (a wheel with spokes) • *Akuleega nziga ya gaali.* He is aligning the wheel with spokes.

**leeguuka** *(oku)leeguuka* v.intr. *leeguukire* to be loose, to be slackened • *Evesiti yange ereeguukire.* My vest is loose.

**leeguula** *(oku)leeguula* v.tr. *leeguire* to enlarge, to stretch, to make bigger • *Omwala oni akuleeguula esweta yaamwe.* This girl is stretching her sweater.

**leekaana** *(oku)leekaana* v.intr. *leekaine* to shout, to scream, to yell • *Lwaki okuleekaana obwire?* Why are you shouting at this time of the night?

**leenya** *(o)leenya* n.1a danger, prob-

lem, troublesome situation, trouble • *Agwire ku leenya.* He has problems. (lit. He has fallen into a problem.)

**leero** *(e)reero* adv. really, without doubt, certainly, truly • *Leero we wayakala ebibuuzo?* Will you really pass the exams? today • *Akwira leero kasweko.* He is coming back today in the evening.

**leesu** *(e)reesu* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> piece of clothing (wrapped around the waist) • *Omukali yebbwere ereesu.* The woman wrapped herself with a leesu.

**leeta** *(oku)leeta* v.tr. *leetere* (a) to bring, to deliver, to take, to carry • *Leeta amaido ago tusumbe.* Bring those groundnuts so that we can cook them. (b) to cause • *Omongoota bulwaire buleetebwa bibaara.* Sleeping sickness is caused by the tsetse fly.

**leeya** *(e)reeya* n.9/10 informal clothing, casual clothing, civilian clothing • *Lwaki ozwaire leeya?* Why are you in informal clothing?

**lega** *(oku)lega* v.tr. *legere* (a) (of brew) to taste, to try • *Lega oku mwenge obone obba gusai.* Taste that brew and see whether it is good. (b) to report (to an authority), to inform, to tell on someone to • *Bamulegereyo oku poliisi.* They reported him to the police.

**legerya** *(oku)legerya* v.tr. *legereirye* to loosen, to untie, to slacken, to release • *Legerya enkobba.* Loosen the straps.

**legeya** *(oku)legeya* v.intr. *legeyere* to be loose, to be saggy • *Eitooke ly'obbwere oku gaali likulegeya.* The banana you tied to the bicycle is loose. **legeza** *(oku)legeza* v.tr. *legezere* to make loose, to release, to slacken • *Legezaamu ku musipi kadooli.* Loosen up the belt a little bit. **leituka** *(oku)leituka* v.intr. *leitukire* to roam about, to ramble, to wander about, to travel aimlessly • *Omwana odi aleituka buliizo.* That child roams about every day.

**leja** *(oku)leja* v.tr. *lejerye* (a) (of water) to tap, to fetch • *Awulukire kuleja maizi.* She has gone out to tap rainwater. (b) **leja (e)isagama** to draw blood • *Akuleja isagama lya ntaama.* He is drawing blood from the sheep. **leka** *(oku)leka* v.tr. *lekere* (a) to leave, to let go, to release, to let free, to let loose • *Kibba kisai okubaleka ni baaba.* It is better to let them go. (b) to stop, to quit, to end, to bring to an end • *Lekera awo okusoma oku Lwamukaaga.* Stop studying on Saturday. (c) to neglect, to fail to do, to forget • *Abamawanywe mubaleka awo ne mwaba omu kibuga. Lwaki?* You neglect your mothers and go to the city. Why? (d) to spare, to leave alone, to forgive, to have mercy upon • *Leka omwana oyo talina musango.* Spare that child, she is innocent. (e) to ignore, to make an exception • *Nga olekere ekya bwibbi, musaiza mukoli.* Apart from being a thief, he is a hard-working person. (f)

wow, holy cow (expression of admiration) • *Leka! Omwojo oyo asiribbuka kitalo.* My goodness! That boy runs very fast.

**lekeka** *(oku)lekeka* v.intr. *lekekere* to be inevitable, to be certain, to be unavoidable • *Ebintu ebimwei tibirekeka.* Some things are inevitable.

**lekera** *(oku)lekera* v.tr. *lekeire* (a) to let, to allow, to permit • *Lekera abaana balye, enzala ekubaluma.* Let the children eat, they are hungry. (b) to stop doing, to quit, to pause, to halt, to end, to put an end to • *Nje omwenge nagulekere.* I stopped drinking alcohol. (c) to ignore, to disregard • *Buliizo aiza n'anyendeerya, baitu nje namulekere.* She comes and provokes me all the time, but I ignore her.

**lekesya** *(oku)lekesya* v.tr. *lekeserye* (a) to let alone, to leave alone, to let be, to give a break • *Ndekesya, ebyo timbimaite.* Leave me alone, I don't know anything about that. (b) to cause to leave behind, to force to leave behind, to make leave behind • *Yandekeserye abaana bange.* He caused me to leave my children behind.

**lekuura** *(oku)lekuura* v.intr. *lekuliire* to resign, to step aside, to step down, to deny, to disclaim • *Oisentebe waiswe yakakiibwe okulekuura olwa ne yakalya yaamwe egibbi.* Our chairman was forced to resign because of his misconduct.

**lema** *(oku)lema* v.tr. *lemere* (a) to

fail (to do something), to neglect (to do something) • *Ekituuke kyamulemere okusandabula.* He failed to untie the knot. (b) to fail, to be unsuccessful • *Ebyakwaba kwaiswe biremere olwaleero.* We cannot travel today. (lit. Our journey has failed.) (c) to be unruly, to be insubordinate, to be disobedient • *Oyo omwana yalemere.* That child is unruly. (d) disabled, handicapped • *ORwampiri musaiza mulema akurundukambe.* Rwampiri is disabled, he just crawls.

**lemala** *(oku)lemala* v.intr. *lemaire* to be disabled, to be handicapped

**lemangana** *(oku)lemangana* v.intr. *lemangaine* (a) to disagree, to reach stalemate, to be deadlocked • *OJohn n'oSam baalemangaine oku nsonga z'aitakali.* John disagreed with Sam on matters of the land. (b) to fail to cope with, to be unsuccessful • *Omusaiza n'omukali waamwe balemangaine.* The husband and his wife have failed to live together. (c) (of a contest or game) to draw, to finish with an even score • *OKayunga n'oNamagabi baalemangaine.* The match between Kayunga and Namagabi ended in a draw.

**lembuuka** *(oku)lembuuka* v.intr. *lembuukire* (a) to come unglued, to come apart, to separate • *Empapula zirembuukire.* The papers have come unglued. (b) (of body or food) to be sticky (especially with sweat) • *Omubiri gwamwe gukulembuuka lwa ntuuyo.* His body is sticky due

to sweat.

**lemeera** *(oku)lemeera* v.intr. *lemeire* to be heavy • *Ekibbaale ekyo kiremeera.* That stone is heavy.

**lemeeri** *(*(e.g. *mulemeeri, lulemeeir, kiremeeri*) adj. (a) heavy, weighty, massive • *Omusaale guni gulemeeri omwana omuto okuguginga.* This tree is too heavy to be carried by a small child. (b) famous, popular • *ONanjura mukali mulemeeri omu kicweka kyaiswe.* Nanjura is a popular woman in our community.

**lemeerwa** *(oku)lemeerwa* v.tr. *lemereirwe* to fail at, to be unsuccessful at

• *Mpeerya ensonga isatu lwaki walemereirwe okwaba e Makerere?* Give me three reasons why you failed to make it to the University of Makerere?

**lemera** *(oku)lemeera* v.intr. *lemeire* to stick to, to remain • *Lemera oku nsonga.* Stick to the point.

**lemesya** *(oku)lemesya* v.tr. *lemeserye* to hinder, to impede, to prevent • *We otolemesya bairaamu kukulaakulana.* Please do not hinder your friends' progress.

**lenga** *(oku)lenga* v.tr. *lengere* (a) to heap, to pile up, to put in heaps • *Ngodi akulenga nyaanya.* He is there putting tomatoes in heaps. (b) to pour • *Lenga amatai ago omu jaaga.* Pour the milk into that jug. (c) to measure (esp. liquids) • *Mmulekere nga akulenga mafuta.* I left him measuring the paraffin.

**lengeiza** *(oku)lengeiza* v.intr. *le-*

*ngeizere* (a) to hang • *Enyama ngidi ekulengeiza ku mukiikiro.* The meat is hanging from a hook. (b) to humiliate, to demean, to disrespect • *Omukali oyo alengeiza muno oibaamwe.* That woman disrespects her husband a lot.

**lengera** *(oku)lengera* v.tr. *lengeire* (a) to see from a distance • *Lengera enyemera ezikwiza.* Look, the zebras are coming. (b) to foresee, to anticipate, to predict • *Nje obwo obusuume nabulengeire bukyali.* I foresaw that danger coming.

**lengeri** *(*(e.g. *bulengeiri, galengeeri, gulengeeri*) adj. a little, small amount • *Bampeereize obwita bulengeri.* They sent me a little millet flour.

**lengerya** *(oku)lengerya* v.tr. *lengeirye* to point out to, to show, to bring to the attention of • *Lengerya abaana abo ensonga ezikulu.* Bring to the attention of those children the most important points.

**lera** *(oku)lera* v.tr. *leere* (a) to raise (a child), to bring up • *Omwana oyo ninje namuleere.* It's me who raised that child. (b) to babysit, to nurse (a child) • *Iza olere omwana.* Come and babysit the child.

**li**1 *li* v.intr. *bbaire* to be, to exist • *Muli bantu babbi.* You are bad people.

**li-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 5 on verbs

**li-**<sup>3</sup> pf. remote future tense prefix on verbs

**libbiirya** *(oku)libbiirya* v.tr. *libbiriirye* to close (eyes)• *Mulibbiirye amaiso turamye.* Close your eyes and let's pray.

**libbika** *(oku)libbika* v.tr. *libbikire* to defend, to protect • *Omu tiimu yaiswe oJohn akwaba okulibbika.* In our team John is the one who is going to play defence.

**libbooni** *(e)ribbooni* n.9/10 instalment, downpayment, partial payment • *Empale ngisaswireku eribbooni.* I have made a downpayment on my trousers.

**libbula** *(oku)libbuka* v.tr. *libbuure* to open (eyes) • *Libbula eriiso lyamu kusai omusawo asobole okulikebera.* Open your eyes wide so that the doctor can examine you properly.

**libbulya** <Lunyala> *(oku)libbulya* v.tr. *libbwirye* to cause eyes to open, to cause awareness • *OYesu yaizire kulibbulya bantu maiso.* Jesus came to open people's eyes.

**libbya** *(oku)libbya* v.tr. *libbirye* to blink (eyes) • *Tolibbya maiso nkuteemu omubazi.* Don't blink, so I can put medicine into your eyes.

**libiti** *(e)ribiti* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) rivet (a permanent mechanical fastener) • *Emeeza eni bagibbwere libiti.* This table was fixed with a rivet. (b) **kubba (e)ribiti** to fix with a rivet • *Ekyoma yakikubbire libiti.* He fixed the metal permanently with a rivet. **lidi** [see *(-)di*]

**liga** *(oku)liga* v.tr. *ligire* (a) to come from • *Nkuliga waamu.* I am coming from your home. (b) to leave, to go away • *Liga oku ntebe eyo oikale ansi bairaba.* Go away from that chair and sit down please. (c) to hail from, to originate • *Aliga Nakasongola.* He hails from Nakasongola.

**ligira** *(oku)ligira* v.tr. *ligiire* (a) to be betrothed to someone • *OByemaro okuligira oNambala.* Byemaro is betrothed to Nambala. (b) to date, to see • *Akram akuligira omwala wa Moses.* Akram sees Moses' daughter. **ligisa** *(oku)ligisa* v.tr. *ligisire* (a) to tie around • *Ligisa akakosi ako oku ibuga.* Tie that thread around the gourd. (b) to weave • *Atandikire okuligisa ekigega.* He started weaving a basket. (c) **ligisa (e)nduuba** to plait (braids) • *ONamwiro aligisire enduuba.* Namwiro has braided her hair.

**ligita** *(oku)ligita* v.intr. *ligitire* to play, to have fun • *Mbakaireku adi nga bakuligita.* I passed by them while they were playing.

**liigi** *(e)riigi* n.9/10 <from En.> league • *Eriigi ya Uganda erimu etiimu ikumi na mukaaga.* Uganda's league comprises sixteen teams.

**liika** *(oku)liika* v.tr. *liikire* (a) to bury • *Baabire kuliika oZakayo.* They have gone to bury Zakayo. (b) to pester, to bother, to harass, to annoy • *Lwaki ondiika empiiya otyo?* Why are you pestering me for money like that? (c) to overcharge, to hike up (prices), to demand a higher price, to make expensive • *Baliikire emiwendo gya mere.* They have hiked the food

## liino

# prices.

**liino** [see *riino*] <Lunyala>

**liirana** *(oku)liirana* v.tr. *liiraine* to betray, to be disloyal to • *Kibbi okuliirana omwiraamu.* It is bad to betray your friends.

**liiri** *(e)riiri* n.9/10 linen • *Olugoye lwamwe lwa liiri.* Her clothing is made of linen.

**liiso** [see *riiso*] <Lunyala>

**liisya** *(oku)liisya* v.tr. *liisirye* (a) to graze, to feed (animals), to rear• *Ayabire kuliisya ntaama.* She has gone to graze the sheep. (b) to feed, to serve food to • *Akuliisya mulwaire.* He is feeding the patient. (c) **liisya (e)kigambo** to preach • *Akuliisya kigambo kya Kanca.* He is preaching the word of God.

**liizi** *(e)riizi* n.9/10 <from En.> lease, rental, tenancy • *Afunire eriizi oku itakali lyamwe.* He has leased his land.

**lika** *(oku)lika* v.intr. *likire* (a) to drown • *Omwana alikire omu maizi.* The child drowned in the water. (b) to vanish, to become extinct • *Embiri zikwaba zirika omu Uganda.* Hippos are going extinct in Uganda. (c) (of the king) to die • *Omukama alikire.* The king has died. (d) to be covered with weeds • *Endumiro ya bigogo yange ebirikire.* My banana plantation is covered with weeds.

**likiirya** *(oku)likiirya* v.tr. *likiirye* to destroy, to crush, to demolish, to ruin • *Naani yalikiirye ebyantunga bya Uganda?* Who destroyed

Uganda's economy?

**likira** *(oku)likira* v.intr. *likiire* to go out, to be extinguished, to blow out • *Etaala ekutaka kulikira.* The lamp is about to go out.

**likirya** *(oku)likirya* v.tr. *likiirye* (a) to extinguish, to quench (a fire) • *Likirya omuuro ogwo.* Quench that fire. (b) to turn off (an engine), to shut off, to stop operating • *Likirya emotoka eyo.* Turn off the car engine.

**likya** *(oku)likya* v.tr. *likirye* (a) to destroy, to crush, to demolish, to ruin, to devastate • *Endowooza eyo erikirye Abanayunganda baingi.* That belief has destroyed many Ugandans. (b) to hide (a boat under water) • *Yaba olikye obwato batabwibba.* Hide the boats under water so that they don't steal them.

**lina** *(-)lina* v.tr. *–* (a) to have, to possess, to own • *Alina amagezi gaingi.* He is very intelligent. (b) must, to have to, to be obliged to • *Tulina kubbuubya maizi okwaba kudi.* We have to wade through the water in order to get to the other side.

**linda** *(oku)linda* v.tr. *lindire* to wait for, to await • *Lindaku kadooli nkwiza gugonjoola obutakaanya bwanywe.* Wait a bit, I will settle your differences soon.

**lindisya** *(oku)lindisya* v.tr. *lindisirye* to keep for reserve, to keep for emergency, to cache, to stockpile • *Eyo emere yakwerindisya.* That food is for an emergency.

**lindukya** *(oku)lindukya* v.tr. *lindu-*

*kirye* to startle, to shock, to frighten, to scare • *Otolindukya baana abo.* Don't startle those children.

**lingaasira** *(oku)lingaasira* v.intr. *lingaasiire* (a) to be careful, to be cautious • *Lingaasira kusai omu maiso gy'okwaba.* Mind your step. (lit. Be very careful with where you are going.) (b) to look keenly at, to look closely at, to behold • *Omukwenda mulingaasire.* Look closely at the member of parliament.

**lini** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**lipa** *(oku)lipa* v.intr. *lipire* to cling (to), to attach (to) • *Leka kweripa ku maawo.* Stop clinging to your mother.

**liraana** *(oku)liraana* v.tr. *liraine* to neighbour, to be near to, to be next door to, to be close to • *Ntaka muno okukuliraana.* I love being near you. **lisiirya** *(oku)lisiirya* v.tr. *lisiirye* to dine with (a guest) • *Yaba oliisiirye omugenyi.* Go and dine with the visitor.

**lisiiti** *(a)lisiiti* n.9/10 <from En.> receipt, bill, invoice • *Ka mbone oku lisiiti yaamu.* Let me look at your receipt.

**lita** *(e)rita* n.9/10 <from En.> litre • *Nsukira ani erita isatu eza matai.* Pour three litres of milk here for me. **loba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)loba* v.intr./tr. *lobere* (a) to hook, to catch with a hook • *Lwaki okuloba encwi ezidooli?* Why are you hooking young fish? (b) (in wrestling) to use one's leg to trap the opponent in order to throw him

down (c) to hinder, prevent • *Kiki ekimulobere okwiza olwaleero?* What prevented him from coming today? (d) to be distracted, to be absentminded • *Yaloberemu kadooli emotoka n'emubbanda.* He was distracted for a short time, and was knocked down by a car.

**lobola** *(oku)lobola* v.tr. *loboire* to select, to choose, to segregret

**lobolya** *(oku)lobolya* v.tr. *loboirye* to select, to choose • *Yaizire n'alobolyamu abasigazi abakusinga maani.* He came and selected the most energetic youth.

**lofu** *(*(e.g. *kirofu, birofu, molofu*) adj. dirty, soiled • *Entebe yaamwe girofu.* His chair is dirty.

**loga** *(oku)loga* v.tr. *logere* to bewitch, to cast an evil spell on • *Ti kisai kuloga bantu.* It is not good to bewitch people.

**loge** *(*(e.g. *muloge, baloge*) adj. bewitched • *Omwana omuloge agwire eiralu.* The bewitched child has run mad.

**logootana** *(oku)logootana* v.intr. *logootaine* (a) to be delirious, to be in an acutely disturbed state of mind, to talk nonsense, to rave • *Lekera awo okuloogootana, simoola ebirumu amagezi.* Stop talking nonsense and say something sensible. (b) to talk in one's sleep (as a result of a nightmare)

**lokera** *(oku)lokera* v.tr. *lokeire* to choke • *Emere endokeire.* The food has choked me.

**lokoka** *(oku)lokoka* v.intr. *lokokere* to be rescued, to be saved to be born-again (i.e. converted to a personal faith in Christ) • *Nkwegairiire lokoka.* I am appealing to you to be born-again.

**lokompoka** *(oku)lokompoka* v.intr. *lokompokere* to talk noisily, to be noisy, to talk on and on, to talk tediously • *Akulokompoka nka omukebe ogw'ereere.* He is as noisy as an empty tin.

**lokosola** *(oku)lokosola* v.tr. *lokosoire* to neglect, to abandon, to leave, to fail to look after, to leave alone, to desert, to pay no attention to, to not attend to • *Omusaiza yalokosoire omukali waamwe.* The man neglected his wife.

**lola** *(oku)lola* v.intr./tr. *loore* (a) to see, to look, to stare • *Omwala odi akulola kubbi.* That girl's sight is bad. (lit. That girl does not see properly.) (b) to face (into a direction), to look • *Yinduka olole oku gulyo.* Turn and face right. (c) to go, to move, to walk • *Okulola ayi?* Where are you going? (d) to commiserate with, to offer sympathy to, to be sympathetic to, to express sympathy for, to send condolences to, to offer condolences to • *Ayabire kulola munywani waamwe eyafeereirwe.* He has gone to commiserate with his friend who lost a relative.

**loleera** *(oku)loleera* v.tr. *lolereire* (a) to look at • *Loleera omukali oyo akuvuga endege.* Look at that woman flying the airplane. (b) to take care of, to watch over • *Loleera omwana gwe nkukwatisirye.* Take care of the child I have given you.

**lomba** *(oku)lomba* v.intr. *lombere* (of Muslims) to pray • *Tukwaba kulomba duuwa.* We are going to pray. **londa** *(oku)londa* v.tr. *londere* (a) to choose, to pick, to select • *Oku nte zini londaku omwei.* Choose one of these cows. (b) to pick up, to lift, to gather, to take up • *Londawo eibbaale eryo.* Pick up that stone. (c) to elect, to go to the polls, to cast one's vote • *Baabire kulonda mufugi wa Sudan.* They have gone to vote for Sudan's leader.

**longera** *(oku)longera* v.intr./tr. *longeire* (a) to speak in parable, to speak in riddles • *OYesu yalongeranga.* Jesus used to speak in parables. (b) to talk ill of, to talk bad of• *Lekerawo okulongera abantu.* Stop talking ill of other people.

**longooki** *(*(e.g. *mulongooki, balongooki*) adj. (a) clean, pure • *Abaana balina okwazaala ebizwalo ebirongooki.* Children have to wear clean clothing every day. (b) well-behaved, correct, right (c) righteous • *OMusoke mulongooki n'abantu ba mu kitundu kyamwe bamutaka muno.* Musoke is a righteous person and is a darling of the people in the area.

**longoosa** *(oku)longoosa* v.tr. *longoosere* (a) to clean, to wash • *Omwana yeesiisire yaba omulongoose.* The child is dirty, please clean him. (b) to

purify, to filter, to clarify • *Longoosa amaizi ago ti gasai kunywa.* Purify that water, it is not fit for drinking. (c) to correct, to improve, to fix, to adjust, to modify • *Longoosa ensobi zaamu.* Correct your mistakes. (d) to do a surgical operation, to operate (on) • *Bakwaba kumulongoosa.* They are going to have him operated on. (e) to renovate, to repair• *Akulongoosa nyumba yaamwe lwa kwategekera mbaga ya mwara.* He is renovating his house ahead of his daughter's wedding.

**looba** *(oku)looba* v.intr. *loobere* to wear (loin cloth) • *Abasaiza beerooba nga bakuyiiga.* Men wear loincloths during hunting.

**loogi** *(e)roogi* n.9/10 <from En.> lodge • *Epoliisi ejumbutwire abaibbi omu loogi.* The police chased thieves from the lodge.

**lookalooka** <Lunyala> *(oku)lookalooka* v.intr. *lookerelookere* to crave (for), to long for, to yearn for, to desire intensely • *Omwana waamu akulookalooka muno ne byakulya.* You child is craving for food.

**loola** *(oku)loola* v.intr. *loolere* to look romantic, to look coy, to look shy (as a bride at her wedding) • *Obwoine omugole n'akuloola?* Do you see how romantic the bride looks?

**loole** *(e)roole* n.9/10 <from En.> lorry, truck • *Eroole egwire adi.* The lorry overturned there.

**looma** *(oku)looma* v.intr./tr. *loome-*

*re* (a) to be enough, to be sufficient • *Omuunyu guloomere omu mukubi.* There is enough salt in the sauce. (b) to fit • *Zwalamu obone oba yakulooma.* Try it and see if it fits you.

**looni** *(e)rooni* n.9/10 <from En.> loan, credit • *Ebiro bini abasuubuli balya muno erooni.* These days businessmen get loans frequently.

**loopa** *(oku)loopa* v.tr. *loopere* to report, to inform on, to complain • *Muloope oku poliisi.* Report him to the police.

**loora** *(oku)loora* v.tr. *loreire* (a) to send greetings to, to send regards to • *Mundoore.* Send her my greetings. (lit. See her for me.) (b) to find (a husband) for • *Yamuloreire omusaiza wa kumuswera.* He found a husband for her to marry.

**loota** *(oku)loota* v.tr. *lootere* to dream, to have dreams • *Ndoota ebirooto ebibbi.* I get bad dreams.

**lootolola** *(oku)lootolola* v.tr. *lootoloire* to interpret a dream • *Omwojo oni amaite okulootolola ebirooto.* This boy knows how to interpret dreams. **looya** *(o)looya* n.1a/2 <from En.> lawyer, advocate, attorney • *Yapangisirye olooya wa musango gwamwe.* He hired a lawyer for his case.

**loteera** *(oku)loteera* v.intr. *lotereire* to have a wet dream • *Omwojo wange atandikire okweroteera.* My boy has started having wet dreams.

**lowooza** *(oku)lowooza* v.intr. *lowoozere* to think • *Nkulowooza oku byabbairewo.* I am thinking about what

# happened.

**lowoozeerya** *(oku)lowoozeerya* v.tr. *lowoozeirye* to suspect • *Omusaiza oyo nkumulowoozeerya okubba omwibbi.* I suspect that man of being a thief.

**loza** <Lunyala> *(oku)loza* v.tr. *lozere* to taste (a local beer), to try • *Loza oku mwenge ogwo.* Taste that local beer.

**lozooleera** *(oku)lozooleera* v.intr. *lozooleire* to stare vacantly, to stare blankly •*OKadiidi yeena akulozooleera.* Kadiidi is staring vacantly.

**lozooleka** *(oku)lozooleka* v.intr. *lozoolekere* to be taken up, to disturbed with, to worried with, to concerned • *Abantu ba kuni balozooleka muno n'ebintu ebiyaaka.* The people of this area very worried about new things.

**lu**<sup>2</sup> [see *li*]

**lu-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 11 on verbs

**Lubaale** *(o)Lubaale* n.1a type of spirit, supernatural being • *Abaganda balina oLubaale.* The Baganda have a spirit called Lubaale.

**lubaawo** *(o)lubaawo* n.11/10 (a) wood, timber • *Aikala ku lubaawo kubba talina mpiiya za kugula ntebe.* He sits on wood because he has no money to buy chairs. (b) blackboard • *Lola oku lubaawo.* Look at the blackboard. (c) seat, bench • *Muteerewo olubaawo aikaleku.* Give him a bench to sit on.

**lubaju** *(o)lubaju* n.11/10 (a) side • *Ira oku lubaju olumoso niwo aikai-* *re.* Turn to the left, that is where he sits. (b) rib • *Yayendekere olubaju.* He broke his rib.

**lubalama** *(o)lubalama* n.11/10 beach, shore • *Aboojo baayabire ku lubalama kusaanya.* The boys went to the beach to swim.

**lubalaza** *(o)lubalaza* n.11/10 <from Sw.> veranda • *Nafunyire omusisiri ni nabwoine omutumbi oku lubalaza lwange.* I had the shock of my life when I saw a dead body on the veranda of my house.

**lubanga** *(o)lubanga* n.1a earthquake • *Olubanga yayakaire ebuzwaisana bwa Uganda eigolo.* There was an earthquake in Eastern Uganda yesterday.

**lubazo** *(o)lubazo* n.11/10 (a) conversation, dialogue, talk • *Wuliirya kusai olubazo lwa baana bani.* Listen well to these children's dialogue. (b) speech, address • *Olubazo lwa Mukama nduwuliire.* I have listened to the king's speech.

**lubba** *(oku)lubba* v.intr. *lubbire* (of eyes) to be open

**lubbaale** [see also *ibbaale*] *(o)lubbaale* n.11/10 stone, rock • *Ekibanja kyamwe kiriku olubbaale.* There is a rock on his piece of land.

**lubbaali** [see *lubbaari*] <Lunyala>

**lubbaari** <Ruruuli> *(o)lubbaari* n.11/10 murrum (a gravelly lateritic material, often used to surface minor roads) • *Eitakali lyamwe liriku olubbaari.* His land has murrum. **lubbabbya** [see *rubbabbya*] <Lu-

nyala> *(o)lubbabbya* n.1a/2 rapist • *Olubbabbya bamusangire akusobya ku mwana owa myaka etaanu.* A rapist was found defiling a five-year old girl.

**lubbale** *(o)lubbale* n.11/10 deep cut, wound, scar • *Abatemu bamutemwire olubbale.* The robbers left him with a deep cut.

**lubbanga** [see *rubbanga*] <Lunyala> **lubbimbi** *(o)lubbimbi* n.11/10 (a) piece of land to be cleared in a day, day's work (when referring to a piece of land) • *Iza ondumire olubbimbi.* Come and clear this bush for me. (b) task, assignment, job, responsibility, duty • *Maliirya olubbimbi lwamu ng'okyali kwaba.* Complete your assignment before you go away.

**lubbimbiro** *(o)lubbimbiro* n.11/10 border, boundary • *Abba ku lubbimbiro lwa Ibbaale ne Gayaza.* He lives on the border between Bbaale and Gayaza.

**lubbolo** *(o)lubbolo* n.11/10 penis • *Omusaiza abba n'olubbolo.* A man has a penis.

**lubbuka** [see also *lubbulya*] *(oku) lubbuka* v.intr. *lubbukire* to open (eyes) • *Alubbukire amaiso.* Her eyes are open.

**lubbulya** [see also *lubbuka*] *(oku) lubbulya* v.tr. *lubbwirye* to create awareness, fig. to open (eyes)• *OYesu yaizire kulubbulya bantu maiso.* Jesus came to open people's eyes.

**lubeera** *(o)lubeera* n.11 <from ar-

chaic> string • *Omukali yebbwere olubeera oku gomesi.* The woman tied a string on the gomesi.

**lubeerebeere** *(o)lubeerebeere* n.11/10 wrinkled breasts (of an old woman) • *Omukaire oyo ata n'olubeerebeere.* The old woman has wrinkled breasts.

**lubega** *(o)lubega* n.11/10 side (of a boat or ship) • *Eryato libbaaku embega ibiri.* A boat has two sides.

**lubereberye** *(o)lubereberye* n.11 beginning, start • *Omu lubereberye waliwo abajungu baingi.* In the beginning there were many white people. **lubindi** *(o)lubindi* n.11/10 handle (of a smoking pipe) • *Enyungu yaamwe eyendekereku olubindi.* The handle of my smoking pipe has broken off.

**lubingo** *(o)lubingo* n.11/10 reed • *Embingo baziresya okwomboka enyumba.* Reed is used to build houses.

**lubiri** *(o)lubiri* n.11/10 palace • *Obote yalumbire olubiri lwa Kabaka.* Obote attacked the King's palace.

**lubiriizi** *(o)lubiriizi* n.11/10 rib • *Olubiriizi lwamwe lukumuluma.* His rib hurts a lot.

**lubowo** *(o)lubowo* n.11/10 <from taboo> penis • *Olubowo lw'omwana lulwaire.* The child's penis is infected.

**lububi** *(o)lububi* n.11/10 milk skin, lactoderm, scum on the top of a liquid • *Amatai gatooleku olububi.* Remove the milk skin.

**lubuga** *(o)lubuga* n.11/10 (a) compound, courtyard, yard • *Aikaire mu*

*lubuga.* He is sitting in the compound. (b) female guardian, female custodian, female assistant to the heir, sister and co-heir of an important person • *Olubuga wa Mukasa aizire.* The female assistant to Mukasa has arrived. (c) the title of the queen sister during the lifetime of the Kabaka, she also has the title of Kabaka

**lubugo** *(o)lubugo* n.11/10 (a) bark cloth • *Yebbwere olubugo kubba olwaleero kutikirwa kwa Kabaka.* He is wearing bark cloth because today is Kabaka's coronation. (b) clothes given to the in-laws as a gift • *Abakaire mbatwaliire embugo itaano.* I have taken five items of clothing to the elderly.

**lubuuya** *(o)lubuuya* n.11/10 dried fish under the sun (usually split into two equal parts)

**lubwi** *(o)lubbwi* n.11/10 grey hair • *OMusiima ameere embwi.* Musiima got grey hair.

**lubyalengana** *(o)lubyalengana* n.11/10 indigenous language • *Omu Uganda mulimu endimi embyalengana ezibazibwa zingi.* There are many indigenous languages spoken in Uganda.

**lubyalo** *(o)lubyalo* n.11/10 (a) pregnancy, birth, conception • *Omukali oyo wa mbyalo isatu.* That woman has had three pregnancies. (b) offspring, progeny, descendant, child • *Oyo mwana wa lubyalo lwange.* That is my offspring. (c) **nywa (o)lubya-** **lo** to use medicine from a herbalist which enables a person to get pregnant • *Omukali oyo okubyala yamaare kunywa lubyalo.* That woman had to first use the medicine from a herbalist in order to give birth.

**lubyamira** *(o)lubyamira* n.11 (a) pneumonia, lung inflammation • *Mulwaire wa lubyamira.* He is suffering from pneumonia. (b) **lubyamira (o)mwangala** COVID-19 • *Olubyamira omwangala ayitire abantu baingi.* COVID-19 has killed many people.

**lucuba** *(o)lucuba* n.11/10 (a) trough • *Onte akuliira mu lucuba.* A cow is eating from a trough. (b) wooden plate (used for sauce) • *Tindiirangaku mu lucuba.* I have never eaten from a wooden plate.

**lucuuru** *(o)lucuuru* n.1a/2 weakling • *Omusaiza oyo lucuuru takusobola nakwoza ngoye zaamu.* That man is a weakling, he cannot even wash his clothes.

**lucwa** *(o)lucwa* n.11/10 wooden plate • *Aliiriire mu lucwa omulundi ogusookere kyarumwe.* He ate from a wooden plate for the first time.

**lucwamba** [see also *petero*] *(o)lucwamba* n.1a Bermuda grass (*Cynodon dactylon*), couch grass • *Olucwamba lumeere omu lugo. Cynodon dactylon* has grown around the kraals.

**luda** *(o)luda* n.11/10 side, direction • *Aire ku luda ki?* Which direction did he turn?

**ludi** [see *(-)di*] (a) (b) the other day, a few days ago, in the past • *Ludi ya-* *bbaireku ani.* The other day he was here.

**ludigido** *(o)ludigido* n.11/10 type of creeping plant whose seeds causes a skin to itch • *Oludigido lusiiya.* Rudigido causes an itch.

**lufu** [see *rufu*] *(o)lufu* n.11/10 (a) mist, haze, fog • *Olufu lukwaite okuzwa izo.* It has been hazy since yesterday. (b) disease • *Olufu lumaarewo embuli zange.* A disease has completely wiped out my goats.

**lufugi** *(o)lufugi* n.11/10 veranda, porch • *Aikaire adi oku lufugi.* He sits there on the veranda.

**lufula** *(e)lufula* n.9 abattoir, slaughterhouse • *Ebisolo babisaara mu lufula.* Animals are slaughtered in the abattoir.

**lufumo** *(o)lufumo* n.11/10 proverb • *Iza nkusubiire olufumo.* Come and I will tell you a proverb.

**lufurofuro** *(o)lufurofuro* n.11 foam, froth • *Amaizi gakoore olufurofuro.* The water has developed some foam. **lufuwiriire** [see also *lufuyirize*] *(o)lufuwiriire* n.11 drizzle, fine rain **lufuyirize** *(o)lufuyirize* n.11 drizzle, fine rain • *Ebiro bini tukufuna lufuyirize bwonkai.* These days we only get a drizzle.

**luga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)luga* v.tr. *lugire* (a) to come from • *Omaama wange akwiza lwaleero okuluga e Kampala.* My mother is coming today from Kampala. (b) to come originally from, to hail from, to have one's home or origins in • *Aluga Ibbaale.* He comes

from Ibbaale. (b) to extend from • *Yayombokere enyumba gikooto, eruga eni n'edi.* He built a big house, it extends from here to there.

**luga**<sup>2</sup> *(o)luga* n.11/10 rattan cane (*Calamus deeratus*) • *Abasirakale bakolesya enga okukubba abaibbi.* The soldiers use rattan to beat the thieves.

**lugaaga** *(o)lugaaga* n.11/10 bracelet, wrist bangle • *Azwaire olugaaga.* She is wearing a bracelet.

**Lugaba** [see *Rugaba*] <Lunyala>

**lugada** *(o)lugada* n.11 banana finger stuffed into the anus as punishment • *Yayabire okusyola ni bamukubba olugada.* He went nightdancing and they stuffed banana fingers in his anus.

**lugali** *(o)lugali* n.11/10 winnower, tray from papyrus often used for winnowing • *Akusegenyera bwita ku lugali.* She is sieving the millet using a winnower.

**lugalo** *(o)lugalo* n.11/10 finger • *Olugalo olw'akati lubba lulai oku zindi.* The middle finger is longer than the others.

**lugambo** *(o)lugambo* n.11/10 false rumour, idle talk, gossip • *Lwaki okutambulya olugambo olutali lutuufu?* Why are you spreading false rumours?

**luganda** *(o)luganda* n.11/10 (a) family lineage, clan, kinship • *Nkobera oluganda lwamu.* Tell me about your lineage. (b) the Luganda language, Luganda, Ganda • *Naani abakuba-* *za oLuganda?* Who is speaking Luganda?

**luganja** *(o)luganja* n.11/10 sole (of a foot) • *Oluganja lw'omusaiza lukumuluma.* The sole of the man's foot hurts.

**lugarara** *(o)lugarara* n.11/10 handle of a spear • *Eisumu arikwaite ku lugarara.* He is holding the spear by its handle.

**lugeero** [see *lugero*] <Ruruuli>

**lugendo** *(o)lugendo* n.11/10 journey, voyage, trip, way • *Ntandikire olugendo okwaba e Masaka.* I have started the journey to Masaka.

**lugenyi** <Lunyala> *(o)lugenyi* n.11 type of creeping stinging plant (*Tragia benthamii*) • *Olugenyi lunsiiyire olususu. Tragia benthamii* has irritated my skin.

**lugero** *(o)lugero* n.11/10 (a) story, narrative • *Ngeerayo olugero.* Tell me a story. (b) proverb • *Engero za Ruruuli-Lunyala tiziwandiikibwanga.* Ruruuli-Lunyala proverbs are not yet documented. (c) parable • *Obote yabaziranga mu ngero.* Obote used to speak in parables.

**lugezigezi** *(o)lugezigezi* n.11/10 shrewdness, irritating wisdom, annoying cleverness of a wiseacre or know-all • *Ota n'olugezigezi.* You are a wiseacre.

**lugiisiri** *(o)lugiisiri* n.11/10 lumen • *Olugiisiri lwisana etawulo eya kiragala.* The lumen looks like a green towel.

**lugisa** *(o)lugisa* n.11/10 amulet,

charm (worn around the waist or upper arm, believed to bring luck) • *Lwaki ozwaire olugisa omu nkende?* Why are you wearing an amulet around your waist?

**lugiyo** *(o)lugiyo* n.11/10 broken piece of ceramic material, fragment of pottery, potsherd • *Akusira emumbwa ku lugiyo.* He is rubbing a medicinal clay stick against a potsherd.

**lugo** *(o)lugo* n.11/10 (a) kraal, cattle enclusure, fence of a cattle inclosure • *Onte mutaire mu lugo.* I have put the cow into the kraal. (b) herd • *Yazikirye olugo lwa nte zaamwe.* He finished up all his herd of cattle.

**lugoba** *(o)lugoba* n.1a/10 (a) cow which sucks udders of other cows • *Olugoba atumaliiremu amatai.* A cow which sucks udders has drunk all our milk. (b) coward • *Omwala waamu ata lugoba.* Your daughter is a coward.

**lugobo** *(o)lugobo* n.11 turn (to do smth.), chance (to do smth.) • *Luni lugobo lwamu olwa kusyoma amaizi.* It is your turn to fetch the water.

**lugologombo** *(o)lugologombo* n.11 large quantity, plenty • *OBigamba ata n'olugologombo lwa mbuli.* Bigamba has a large herd of goats.

**Lugongerya** *(o)Lugongerya* n.1a name given to a child born after his elder sibling passed on • *OLugongerya yabyaliibwe ng'omukulu waamwe afiire.* Lugongerya was born after his elder sibling had passed on.

**lugongogongo** *(o)lugongogongo*

n.11/10 backbone, spine • *Engongogongo za bakaire zibba zinaki.* Elderly people's spines are weak.

**lugoye** *(o)lugoye* n.11/10 clothing, garment • *Mmutiizire olugoye lwange alukolesye oku matiikira gaamwe.* I lent him my clothing to use on his graduation day.

**lugugule** *(o)lugugule* n.11 strong and tall person • *Omusaiza lugugule bamusingire.* The tall and strong man lost the fight.

**luguudo** *(o)luguudo* n.11/10 street, road • *Ayemereire mu luguudo akati.* She is standing in the middle of the road.

**luguura** [see *ruguura*] <Lunyala>

**lugwanyu** *(o)lugwanyu* n.11/10 stick or pole supporting a hunting net • *Leeta engwanyu tubambe ekitimba.* Bring the supporting stick and we'll put up the net.

**lugyo** [see *lugiyo*]

**lujeejo** [see also *jeeje*] *(o)lujeejo* n.11 mockery, scorn, scoffing, teasing, sarcasm • *Embeera eya lujeejo egongerya.* That kind of mockery is annoying.

**lujegere** *(o)lujegere* n.11/10 chain, fetter • *Olujegere olubbwa ombwene wange lugumu.* The chain which holds my dog is strong.

**Lujungu** *(o)Lujungu* n.11 the English language • *Nsobola okuduuma Olujungu.* I can speak English.

**lujuuju** *(o)lujuuju* n.1a/2 drunkard, alcoholic • *Oibaamwe lujuuju.* Her husband is a drunkard.

**luka** *(oku)luka* v.tr. *lukire* (a) to weave • *Tandika okundukira omuguwa.* Start weaving a rope for me. (b) to knit • *Omukali akuluka kitambaala.* The woman is knitting a tablecloth.

**lukaaga** [see also *mukaaga and kakaaga*] num. six hundred

**lukabba** *(o)lukabba* n.1a/2 confident person • *Oyo musaiza lukabba.* He is a very confident man.

**lukalala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)lukalala* n.11/10 crack • *Ekimante kyamwe kiiziremu olukalala.* His wall has developed a crack.

**lukalala**<sup>2</sup> *(o)lukalala* n.11/10 list, roll, line, string, series • *Leeta olukalala lwa beegi.* Bring the list of students. **lukale** *(o)lukale* n.11 public, community • *Ayombokere eisomero lya lukale.* He constructed a community school.

**lukalu** *(o)lukalu* n.11/10 shore, coast, land • *Ku lukalu kuliku amaduuka.* There are shops at the shore.

**lukamba** *(o)lukamba* n.1a/2 tall and slender person, giant • *Omwala lukamba musai mu mbiro.* The tall and slender girl is good at athletics.

**lukanda** *(o)lukanda* n.11/10 skewer, long stick • *Nguurayo olukanda lwa mpere.* Buy me a skewer of sprats.

**lukandwa** *(o)lukandwa* n.11 *Flueggea virosa* • *Olukandwa lutamba obulungu bwa njoka. Flueggea virosa* is an antidote to snake venom. **lukanga** *(o)lukanga* n.11/10 (a) house structure woven with reeds or sticks but not thatched (b) frame of the roof

• *Amaliriirye olukanga lwa nyumba.* He finished constructing the frame of the roof. (c) fence • *Ayombokere olukanga okweruguura amaka gaamwe.* He constructed a fence around his house.

**lukangaga** *(o)lukangaga* n.11/10 (a) loose fitting roof, sagging roof • *Olukangaga lubundaire lukutaka kugwamu.* The sagging roof is threatening to collapse. (b) table (a set of figures systematically displayed in columns) • *Kubba olukangaga nga lukulanga ensoma y'abaana.* Draw a table showing the students' performance.

**lukara** <Ruruuli> *(o)lukara* n.1a/10 bull with black and brown stripes • *Olukara wange afiire.* My bull with black and brown stripes is dead.

**lukato** *(o)lukato* n.11/10 (a) basket weaving awl, weaving needle • *Yaba omu katale onguureyo olukato.* Go to the market and buy me a weaving needle. (b) injectionm jab, shot • *Bamukubbire olukato ku mukono.* He was given an injection into the arm. **lukeito** *(o)lukeito* n.11/10 beach, shore, coast, bank • *Yakala edi ampi*

*n'olukeito.* Pass there close to the beach.

**lukiikiidi** *(o)lukiikiidi* n.11 edge, fringe • *Olukiikiidi lwa meeza lukyami.* The edge of the table is not straight.

**lukiiko** *(o)lukiiko* n.11/10 (a) meeting • *Baabire mu lukiiko.* They have gone to a meeting. (b) council • *Olu-* *kiiko lwa iruguza lya e Ibbaale lwikaire.* The subcounty council of Ibbaale is in session. (c) Buganda's parliament • *Akiika omu Lukiiko lwa Buganda.* He is a member of Buganda's parliament.

**lukiracupa** *(o)lukiracupa* n.11 very short person (lit. like a bottle) • *Omusaiza lukiracupa amaite okuniina emisaale.* The short man knows how to climb trees.

**lukobba** *(o)lukobba* n.11/10 (a) strap, band, tape, girdle • *Legerya enkobba.* Loosen the straps. (b) tape measure, measuring tape • *Leeta olukobba tupime eitakali.* Bring the tape measure and let's measure the land. (c) strap of human skin (when it peels) • *Amaizi gamwokerye n'azwaku olukobba.* He burnt himself with water and the skin peeled off. (d) **lukobba lwa gaali** bicycle strap • *Ngulisya olukobba lwa gaali.* Sell me a bicycle strap. (e) **lukobba lwa motoka** seat belt • *Enkobba za motoka yaamwe zirofu.* The seat belts in his car are dirty.

**lukoboi** *(o)lukoboi* n.11/10 false rumours • *Lwaki obungeetya olukoboi.* Why are you spreading false rumours?

**lukobwei** adv. (a) for too long, slowly (often, of speaking), dilatory • *Omusaiza oyo asimoola lukobwei.* That man speaks for too long. (b) rumourmonger • *Tokoberanga lukobwei ebyama byamu.* You should never disclose your secrets to a rumourmonger.

**lukokola** *(o)lukokola* n.11/10 elbow • *Amukonere olukokola n'agwa.* She knocked him down with her elbow.

**lukomakoma** [see also *mukomakoma*] *(o)lukomakoma* n.11/10 *Grewia mollis*

**lukome** *(o)lukome* n.1a/10 bowhorned bull or cow • *Olukome bamwibbire ekiro kyaleero.* The cow with bow-like horns was stolen today.

**lukomera** *(o)lukomera* n.11/10 (a) fence, hedge • *Amaka gaamwe gata mu lukomera.* His home is surrounded by a fence. (b) altar line • *Abantu tibalina kwakalya lukomera mu kanisa.* People are not supposed to cross the altar line in the church.

**lukomo** *(o)lukomo* n.11 <from archaic> telephone, phone • *Mukubbireku oku lukomo.* Please give him a call.

**lukonge** [see also *konjei*] *(o)lukonge* n.11 algae, seaweed • *Olukonge lusiisire amaizi.* Algae have spoilt the water.

**lukonko** *(o)lukonko* n.11/10 (a) erosion gully, ravine • *Emotoka egwire omu lukonko.* The car rolled over into an erosion gully. (b) rift, quarrel, squabble, disagreement, division

**lukoodere** *(o)lukoodere* n.11/10 rack for drying simsim (sesame) • *Yomboka olukoodere emanju wa nyumba.* Build a drying rack for the simsim behind the house.

**lukooko** adv. now and then, oc-

casionally, sometimes, from time to time • *Omuntu oyo aiza ani lukooko.* That person comes here now and then.

**lukoola** *(o)lukoola* n.11/10 savanna type grassland • *Nje nta wa mu lukoola.* I live in the savanna-type grassland.

**lukologo** [see *lukorogo*] fence • *Yabbwere olukorogo olukooto okwetoloola enyumba yaamwe.* He built a high fence around his house.

**lukoroto** *(o)lukoroto* n.1a/2 thief • *Oyo olukoroto mumupeke nga akyali kwibba nsawu zaanywe.* Chase that thief away before he steals your bags.

**lukosi** *(o)lukosi* n.11/10 string, thread • *Abbwere olukosi oku mpale.* He fastened his trousers with a string.

**lukugiro** *(o)lukugiro* n.11/10 hem • *Olukugiro lwa lugoye lukandabukire.* The hem of my item of clothing is torn.

**lukumbaana** *(o)lukumbaana* n.11/10 rally, crusade, gathering • *Olukumbaana lukutandika mambya.* The rally begins tomorrow.

**lukumbaano** <Ruruuli> *(o)lukumbaano* n.11/10 (a) gathering, meeting • *Baabire adi omu lukumbaano lwa kyalo.* They have gone to a village meeting. (b) council, municipal authority, local government • *Olukumbaano lwa Buruuli lwikaire.* The council of the Baruuli has convened. **lukumi** [see also *kikumi*] *(o)lukumi* num.11/10 one thousand • *Mpeeryayo*

*enkumi isatu.* Please give me at least three thousand.

**lukunda** *(o)lukunda* n.11/10 lumpy skin disease • *Obulwaire bwa lukunda bukwata ente.* The lumpy skin disease affects cows.

**lukungo** *(o)lukungo* n.11/10 (a) call, appeal • *Okaweesi akubbire olukungo abantu baize baingi.* Kaweesi has made an appeal for people to come in large numbers. (b) wail • *Ewa Kajura mpuliireyo olukungo. Naani afiire?* I have heard a wailing at Kajura's. Who has died? (c) gathering, assembly, meeting • *Abantu baizire baingi omu lukungo.* Many people came to the gathering.

**lukusa** *(o)lukusa* n.11/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> permission, permit, licence • *Tafunire lukusa lukutambulya ntaama.* She has not yet gotten permission to transport the sheep.

**lukuuka** *(o)lukuuka* n.11/10 narrow escape, small margin, close call • *Omwibbi ayakaire ku lukuuka obutaitibwa bantu.* The thief narrowly survived being lynched by the mob. **lukwe** *(o)lukwe* n.11/10 plot, conspiracy • *Bakoore olukwe lwa kumwita.* They have made a plot to kill him.

**lukwengere** *(o)lukwengere* n. clearing, open space, open area • *Lwaki okunia omu lukwengere nga waliwo ekyolooni?* Why do you defecate in an open place when there is a toilet? **lukwi** *(o)lukwi* n.11/10 firewood • *Nkuguliire enkwi ezikumala.* I bought enough firewood for you.

**lukya** *(o)lukya* n.11/10 stiff neck • *Omutaani waamwe alwaire olukya.* His son is suffering from a stiff neck. **lulaalo** *(o)lulaalo* n.11 neighbourhood • *Omukali yamutwoire ku lulaalo.* He got his wife from the neighbourhood.

**lulagala** *(o)lulagala* n.11/10 banana leaf • *Endagala bazisumbamu matooke.* Banana leaves are used to cook matoke.

**lulangaaro** *(o)lulangaaro* n.11/10 keel (a structural element that protrudes below a boat along the central line) • *Olulangaaro lwatikire.* The keel of the boat has broken.

**lulimi** *(o)lulimi* n.11/10 (a) tongue • *Olulimi lwamwe lulwaire nigyo ensonga lwaki takusobola kugaaya kusai.* His tongue is infected, that is why he cannot chew properly. (b) language • *Omu Uganda mulimu endimi embyalengana ezibazibwa zingi.* There are many indigenous languages spoken in Uganda. (c) bow (front of a vessel) • *Olulimi lwa lyato lini lugumu.* The bow of the boat is strong. (d) **lulimi lw'(o)muuro** flame • *Bona endimi za muuro.* Look at the flames of the fire. **lulu** *(*(e.g. *gululu, lirulu, birulu*) adj. sour • *Omuwogo guni gululu.* This cassava is sour.

**luluma** *(oku)luluma* v.intr. *lulumire* (ghosts and spirit) to haunt, (of the dead) to come back to haunt the living • *Omuzumu gwa musaiza gwe yaitire gukululuma.* The spirit of the man he killed is haunting him.

**luluwa** *(oku)luluwa* v.intr. *luluwire* (a) to be bitter • *Ekigagi kiruluwa.* Aloe vera is bitter. (b) to be sour • *Omuwogo aluluwire.* Cassava became sour.

**lulyo** *(o)lulyo* n.11/10 lineage, family, pedigree • *Olulyo lwabwe lugezi.* People of that lineage are intelligent. **luma**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)luma* v.tr. *lumire* (a) to clear (land), to dig, to remove vegetation • *Leeta eturakita endumire ani.* Bring the tractor to clear the land here. (b) to grow (crops), to cultivate, to farm • *Tutandikire okuluma opampa.* We have started growing cotton.

**luma**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)luma* v.tr. *lumire* to ache, to pain, to hurt • *Omutwe gukumuluma.* He has a headache. (lit. The head is paining him.)

**lumaada** *(o)lumaada* n.11 insufficient amount, deficit, shortage, scarcity • *Ota na lumaada lwa mpiiya.* You have an insufficient amount of money.

**lumalabantu** *(o)lumalabantu* n.11 destroyer, killer • *Oyo omusaiza lumalabantu.* That man is a killer.

**lumanyo** *(o)lumanyo* n.11 (a) intuition, sixth sense, instinct • *Nakyetegerye na lumanyo.* I got to learn about it through intuition. (b) pretence • *Lwaki okukola ebya lumanyo?* Why are you acting under pretence? **lumba** *(oku)lumba* v.tr. *lumbire* to attack • *Obote yalumbire olubiri lwa Kabaka.* Obote attacked the King's palace.

**lumbe** *(o)lumbe* n.11/10 (a) death • *Olumbe olwaitire otaata kali kabenje.* The cause of my father's death was an accident. (b) last funeral rites (ceremony of distributing the possessions of the deceased and installing the heir) • *Tukwaba kugemba lumbe.* We are going to celebrate the last funeral rites. (c) sickness, illness, disease • *Afiire lumbe ki?* What illness did she die of?

**lumbugu** *(o)lumbugu* n.11 couch grass (*Digitaria abyssinica*) • *Olumbugu ti lwangu kuluma n'omala omu musiri.* Couch grass is not easy to completely clear from a garden.

**lume** *(o)lume* n.11 dew • *Olume lukwaite.* Dew has formed.

**lumiirwa** *(oku)lumiirwa* v.tr. *lumiirwe* to be sympathetic, to sympathise, to feel for • *Kitaka lumiirwanga abaganda baamu.* Kitaka, be sympathetic to your people.

**lumiirya** *(oku)lumiirya* v.tr. *lumiriirye* to insist on a person's offence, to give firm evidence against an offender • *Ndoowo akumulumiirya.* Nobody can give firm evidence against her.

**lumiraku** *(o)lumira* n.11/10 agriculture • *Enombe tiribba lisai kulumiraku.* Clay soil is not good for agriculture.

**lumiramwoyo** *(o)lumiramwoyo* n.1a/2 terrorist, extremist • *Abalumiramwoyo baitire abantu.* Terrorists have killed people.

**lumole** *(o)lumole* n.11/10 reed • *Aba-*

*ntu baingi bakyakolesya emole okwomboka enyumba zaabwe nadala omu byalo.* Many people, especially in rural areas, still use reeds to construct their houses.

**lumuka** *(oku)lumuka* v.intr. *lumukire* to bleed, to bleed by cupping, to administer a vain puncture • *Yaba oku mufumu akulumuke.* Go the traditional healer and get a vine puncture.

**lumwa** *(oku)lumwa* v.intr. *lumirwe* (a) to feel pain, to hurt • *Nkulumwa muno omu kida.* I feel a lot of abdominal pain. (b) to be sympathetic, to sympathise with, to feel for • *Nkulumwa olwa baana abo kubba bakusiiba nzala.* I have sympathy for those children because they spend the day without food. (c) **lumwa (o)kubyala** to have labour pains • *Omukali akulumwa kubyala.* The woman has labour pains.

**lumwei** [see *mwei*] *(o)lumwei* adv. (a) one day, once • *Olumwei ndi kupaaya.* One day I will slap you. (b) suddenly, at once • *Omupiira gubbalukire lumwei.* The ball has burst suddenly. (c) New Year's Day • *Yaizire ku lumwei.* She came on New Year's Day.

**lunaku** *(o)lunaku* n.11/10 day • *Olunaku lwa leero ndi musanyuki.* Today I am very happy.

**lunanai** [see also *munanai and kananai*] num. eight hundred

**lundi** *(o)lundi* adv. sometimes, occasionally, from time to time, now and

then, every so often, once in a while • *Olundi aiza n'omaamwei.* Sometimes he comes with his mother.

**lundooba** adv. incessantly, constantly, continually, all the time, nonstop • *Omukali oyo ayiriika lundooba.* That woman grumbles incessantly.

**lundukya** *(oku)lundukya* v.tr. *lundukirye* to scare, to frighten • *Naani akulundukya embuli?* Who is scaring the goats?

**lunekere** [see also *mugeneko*] <Ruruuli> *(o)lunekere* n.11 ash filrate used as salt, liquid salt (made by burning bean husks, the ash is mixed with water and filtered and the solution is used as salt) • *Nteera olunekere omu mukubi.* Put the liquid salt into my sauce for me.

**lunga** *(oku)lunga* v.tr. *lungire* (a) to add, to put in • *Runga omuunyu omu mere.* Add salt to the food. (b) to season, to add spices to food, to flavour • *Omu mere tibalungiremu birungo.* They have not added spices to the food. (c) **lunga (o)butwa** to poison • *Bambi baamulungiire obutwa.* Oh dear, he was poisoned.

**lungira** *(oku)lungira* v.tr. *lungiire* to mix (a sauce) • *Lungira ekipooli kya maido n'ebiyimba.* Mix groundnut paste with beans.

**lungulula** *(oku)lungulula* v.tr. *lungulwire* to unroll, to spread, to unfold • *Langulula ekisambaganyi ekyo.* Unroll that mat.

**lunguula** *(oku)lunguula* v.intr. *lu-*

*nguire* to bleed internally, (of skin) to bruise • *Bamukubbire omukono ne gulunguula.* His hand was beaten and it got bruised.

**lunguura** *(oku)lunguura* v.tr. *lungwire* (a) to straighten, to untangle • *Lunguura omuguwa ogwo.* Untangle that rope. (b) to explain, to make easy to understand, to elaborate, to expand on, to add detail to • *Lunguura kusai orubazo lwamu.* Elaborate on what he said in his speech carefully. (c) to understand, to comprehend, to grasp • *Tinkulunguura kusai by'okusimoola.* I don't quite understand what you are saying.

**luni** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ] (a) (b) this time, this day • *Luni nyizire mmaareku kukola n'amaani.* This time I came determined to work hard.

**Lunjungu** [see *Lujungu*] <Ruruuli> **lunkulu** [see *lunkuru*] <Lunyala> **lunkuru** <Ruruuli> *(o)lunkuru* n.11 arrogance, snobbishness, pride, selfcenteredness • *Tiyakulaakulane omu mulumu gwamu nga alina olunkuru.* He will not go far in his career with that kind of arrogance.

**lunkusense** *(o)lunkusense* n.11 measles • *Omwana yakungujire olunkusense.* The child is infected measles.

**lunsoninsoni** *(o)lunsoninsoni* n.11 shyness, introversion, timidity • *Olunsoninsoni lw'omwala lwamulemeserye okusoma.* The girl's timidity made her fail to study.

**lunyago** *(o)lunyago* n.11/10 shaft of a

spear• *Yateeka eisumu lyamu omu lunyago.* He attached his spear to the shaft.

**Lunyala** *(o)Lunyala* n.11 the Lunyala language

**lunyiriri** *(o)lunyiriri* n.11/10 (a) line, row • *Enkangu zitambuura mu nnyiriri.* Stink ants move in a line. (b) verse (e.g. in the Bible, of a poem) • *Olunyiriri talusomere kusai.* He did not read the verse well. (c) lineage, genealogy, family line (d) **lunyiriri lwa ndege** runway • *Omuvugi wa ndege yalemeibwe okwirukira oku lunyiriri lwa ndege yaabwe nagikubba ekigwo.* The pilot missed the runway and crashed the plane.

**lunyongoro** [see also *nyongoro*] *(o)lunyongoro* n.11 boastful and smart character • *Omusaiza lunyongoro ti mwangu kubba naye.* A boastful and smart man is not easy to live with.

**lupanka** *(o)lupanka* n.11/10 ream (of a bicycle or motorbike), wheel (of a bicycle or motorbike) • *Olupanka lwa pikipiki lutandikire okukairika.* The motorbike ream has become old. **lupapula** *(o)lupapula* n.11/10 <from En.> (a) paper • *Leeta ani olupapula.* Bring the paper here. (b) page • *Yaba oku lupapula lwa kinaanai.* Go to page eighty.

**lupiiya** *(o)lupiiya* n.11/10 money • *Empiiya zibuure ebiro bini.* Money is scarce these days.

**lupokoyo** *(o)lupokoyo* n.11/10 slang, informal language, colloquial language • *Aboojo basimoola lupokoyo ebiro bini.* The youths these days speak a slang.

**lusa** *(o)lusa* n.1a/10 white cow • *Olusa abbandire omwana.* The white cow knocked down the child.

**lusaale** *(o)lusaale* n.11/10 beefsteak • *Ntalikirayo olusaale lwa nyama.* Roast a beefsteak for me.

**lusalosalo** [see *lusarosaro*] <Lunyala>

**lusambiryo** *(o)lusambiryo* n.11/10 leghorn (of a cock), spur • *Ompanguzi abba n'olusambiryo.* A cock has a leghorn.

**lusaniya** *(o)lusaniya* n.11/10 (a) round tray, large round serving dish • *Ti kisai oisemaka okuliira oku lusaniya.* It is not good for the head of a family to eat from a round tray. (b) **lusaniya lwa isana** solar panel • *Enyumba eriku olusaniya lwa isana.* The house has a solar panel.

**lusanju** [see also *musanju and kasanju*] num. seven hundred

**lusansa** [see also *musansa*] *(o)lusansa* n.11/10 wild date palm (*Phoenix reclinata*)

**lusarosaro** <Ruruuli> *(o)lusarosaro* n.11/10 boundary, border, trench • *Ta olusarosaro olutuufu akati waamu n'omuliraano waamu.* Put a clear boundary between your garden and that of your neighbour.

**lusaya** *(o)lusaya* n.11/10 (a) jaw bone, scull • *Omusaiza oyo alina olusaya lulayi.* The man has a long jaw. (b) scary voice • *Omusaiza oyo ata n'o-* *lusaya.* That man has a scary voice. **luseke** *(o)luseke* n.11/10 (a) straw (for drinking e.g. juice, beer) • *Ensande nginywesya luseke.* I use a straw to drink fresh banana juice. (b) fallopian tube • *Obulwaire bwa nseke bwingi omu bakali.* Fallopian tube infections are common among women.

**lusendekeeryo** *(o)lusendekeeryo* n.11/10 convoy, cavalcade, motorcade • *OMuseveni atambuura mu lusendekeeryo.* Museveni moves in a convoy.

**lusenyentwa** *(o)lusenyentwa* n.11 charcoal dust • *Amakara gafookere lusenyentwa.* The charcoal has turned into charcoal dust.

**lusenyi** *(o)lusenyi* n.11/10 lowland, plain, prairie (usually swampy and with sand) • *Ente ziriira mu lusenyi.* Cows graze in a swampy valley.

**luseregende** *(o)luseregende* n.11/10 convoy, escort, guard • *OMuseveni atambuura mu luseregende.* Museveni moves in a convoy.

**luseru** *(o)luseru* n.11 measles • *Omwana alwaire oluseru.* The child is suffering from measles.

**lusiika** *(o)lusiika* n.11/10 (a) curtain, drape • *Enyumba agitairemu ensiika.* He put curtains in the house. (b) honeymoon • *Omugole yaabire mu lusiika lwamwe eigolo.* The bride went on her honeymoon yesterday.

**lusiiko** *(o)lusiiko* n.11/10 frying pan • *Olusiika luni lutalagire tokusobola kulukolesya kusiika mawuli.* This frying pan is rusty, you cannot use it

# to fry eggs.

**lusiiti** *(o)lusiiti* n.11/10 jequirity bean, rosary pea (Abrus precatorius) • *Obusigo bwa nsiiti babukolamu enkwazi.* They make necklaces from the seeds of Abrus precatorius. **lusiiyi** *(o)lusiiyi* n.11 hypersexuality, excessive sex drive • *Omusaiza oyo wa lusiiyi.* That man is sexaholic.

**lusimbo** *(o)lusimbo* n.11/10 planting season • *Olusimbo luni lunyakaireku.* I missed this planting season.

**lusiri** *(o)lusiri* n.11/10 reeds (used to construct walls of a house) • *Ensiri zebakoleserye okwomboka enyumba ti zigumu.* The reeds which were used to construct the house are not durable.

**luso** *(o)luso* n.11/10 slasher (tool for cutting natural vegetation as a way of clearing land for cultivation) • *Gula enso leke tusaawe ebisubi.* Buy some slashers and we will slash the grass.

**lusobyo** *(o)lusobyo* n.11/10 pointed stick or metal used to dig out potatoes • *Mpeerya olusobyo lwange nsake ebiyaata.* Give me my pointed stick so that I can harvest some potatoes.

**lusolobyo** *(o)lusolobyo* n.11/10 pruning knife, pruning pole (long shaft with a knife attached to one of the ends used for pruning banana plants) • *Leeta olusolobyo tunokole amapeera.* Bring the pruning knife so that we can harvest guavas.

**Lusooka** *(o)Lusooka* n.11/10 Monday

• *Yaliiza oku Lusooka.* She will come on Monday.

**lusozi** *(o)lusozi* n.11/10 (a) hill • *Tosobola kuniina lusozi nga oli mulwaire muno.* You cannot climb a hill when you are very sick. (b) mountain • *Engeye zibba mu nsozi.* Colobus monkeys live in the mountains. (c) **lusozi (o)lucwa (o)muuro** volcano • *Olusozi olucwa omuuro luta Mbale.* A volcano is found in Mbale.

**lusu** *(o)lusu* n.11/10 smell, stink, stench, body odor • *Enyumba ekuwunya olusu.* The house has a bad smell.

**lusuku** *(o)lusuku* n.11/10 plantation (often of banana), garden • *Obutiko bugwire omu lusuku.* Mushrooms have sprouted in the banana plantation.

**lusumo** *(o)lusumo* n.11/10 proverb • *Aboojo ba naku zini tibamaite kubazira mu nsumo.* Young people these days do not know how to use proverbs.

**lususu** *(o)lususu* n.11/10 skin (of a human) • *Ndina ebyere oku lususu.* I have a skin rash.

**lusuubo** *(o)lusuubo* n.11/10 clothes line, washing line • *Ta engoye oku lusuubo.* Put the clothing on the washing line.

**lutabaaro** [see also *lutalo*] *(o)lutabaaro* n.11/10 war, military engagement, battle • *Ayabire ku lutabaaro.* He has gone to war.

**lutala** *(o)lutala* n.11/10 (a) basket for smoked fish • *Olutala lwizwire encwi.* The basket is full of fish. (b) package, bunch, pile (e.g. of smoked fish) • *Gulayo entala ibiri ez'encwi.* Buy two loads of fish please.

**lutalo** *(o)lutalo* n.11/10 war, military engagement, battle • *Olutalo lwayimukiire e Congo.* A war erupted in Congo. trouble, conflict • *Omwana oyo akokooza muno entalo.* That child causes a lot of trouble.

**lutanda** *(o)lutanda* n.11/10 crack, split, fissure, fault (in a rock) • *Ekimante kyamwe kiiziremu olutanda.* His wall has developed a crack.

**lutayo** *(o)lutayo* n.11/10 gourd (used for drinking water) • *Abanyala bairai amaizi baaganyweranga mu ntayo.* The Banyala of long ago used to drink water from small gourds.

**luteega** *(o)luteega* n.11/10 tendon at the back of the knee or ankle • *Bamutemere oluteega takyasobola kutambula.* They cut the tendon of his knee and now he cannot walk.

**lutiko** *(o)lutiko* n.11 goose pimples, goose bumps • *Omubiri gumeere olutiko.* I got goose pimples.

**lutimbe** *(o)lutimbe* n.11/10 curtain, drape • *Ta olutimbe omu mulyango.* Put a curtain in the doorway.

**lutindo** *(o)lutindo* n.11/10 bridge • *Maare okwakala oku lutindo.* I have crossed the bridge.

**lutubba** *(o)lutubba* n.11/10 scoop (used to scoop water from a boat) • *Abategi bakolesya lutubba okwowa amaizi omu lyato.* The fishermen use a scoop to scoop water from the

boat.

**luubiira** *(oku)luubiira* v.tr. *luubiriire* to aim at, to work toward, to strive for • *Okuluubiira ki omu bwomi bwamu?* What are you aiming for in life?

**luusi** *(o)luusi* adv. sometimes • *Okutanaka oluusi kabba kabonero ka namunywa.* Vomiting is sometimes a symptom of HIV.

**luuyi** *(o)luuyi* n.11/10 side, direction • *Okuzwa ku luuyi ki?* From which side do you come?

**luvi** *(o)luvi* n.11/10 grey hair • *Omukaire abba n'envi.* Old people get grey hair.

**luwaasi** <Lunyala> *(o)luwaasi* n.1a/10 cockerel, cock, rooster • *Oluwaasi wange omondo yamuliire.* The serval cat ate my cock.

**luwagi** *(o)luwagi* n.11/10 spoke (of a bicycle) • *Egaali egwire empagi za gaali ni zitiika.* The bicycle fell and the spokes got broken.

**luwago** *(o)luwago* n.11/10 bladder • *Oluwago lubiika nkali.* The bladder collects urine.

**luwawu** *(o)luwawu* n.11 leaves of a muwawu tree (used as sandpaper) • *Oluwawu lukuuta binaga.* The leaves of the muwawu tree are used to clean saucepans.

**luwenda** *(o)luwenda* n.11/10 land boundary • *Ayabire kwerula mpenda za kibanja kyamwe.* He has gone to clear the boundaries of his land.

**luwiira** *(oku)luwiira* v.intr. *luwiriire* to be tired, to be fatigued, (of hands) to be weak due to holding or lifting a heavy load for a long time • *Emikono ginduwiirire lwa kwetiika kigega.* My hands have become weak from carrying a basket.

**luwombo** *(o)luwombo* n.11/10 (a) young banana leaf softened by exposure to the sun and used for cooking stews (b) traditional Baganda dish of meat and other ingredients steamed in banana leaves • *Abaganda bataka muno okulya oluwombo.* The Baganda like eating food steamed in banana leaves.

**luwonko** *(o)luwonko* n.11/10 (a) valley, hollow, gorge, ravine, canyon • *Emotoka egwire omu luwonko.* The car has fallen into a valley. (b) rift valley • *Oluwonko lwa nsozi lwizwire amaizi.* The rift valley is filled with water.

**luwowu** *(o)luwowu* n.11/10 serving basket for millet • *Akaita akakubbwire mu luwowu.* She put the millet into the serving basket.

**luwu** *(o)luwu* n.11/10 animal skin, hide • *Ebisolo bibba n'oluwu.* Animals have skin.

**luwugula** *(o)luwugula* n.11/10 *Triumfetta annua* (a herb believed to prevent misfortune) • *Omwana yetaire oluwugula omu mutwe akinge omusango.* The child has put *Triumfetta annua* on her head so that she can stop the case against her.

**luwumula** *(o)luwumula* n.11/10 holiday, vacation • *Abaana bali mu luwumula.* The children are on holiday.

**luwungu** *(o)luwungu* n.11 loud cry of sorrow or agony, scream, shriek, wail • *Omukali akubbire oluwungu.* A woman cried out loudly.

**luya** *(o)luya* n.11/10 ditch • *Amaya gakwata emberege.* The ditches trap the pigs.

**luyi** *(o)luyi* n.11/10 slap • *Oluyi olwo lubbaire luka!* That slap was hard!

**luyiira** *(o)luyiira* n.11/10 bushfire • *Empiira zibba zingi omu kyanda.* Bushfires are common during the dry season.

**luyina** *(o)luyina* n.11/10 piece of banana leaf tied around a saucepan to hold banana leaves together • *Ekinaga bakibbwere oluyina.* They have tied a piece of banana around the cooking pan.

**luyindu** *(o)luyindu* n.11/10 basket weaving awl, weaving needle • *Leeta oluyindu nduke ekiibbo.* Bring the needle and I will weave a basket.

**luyoyo** *(o)luyindu* n.11/10 crowd, large number of people, mass • *Oluyoyo lwa bantu lwabbaire ani obwire.* A crowd of people was here yesterday.

**luyulu** *(o)luyulu* n.11/10 various fibers used for basketry (e.g. willow or oiser or cane of papyrus grass) • *Enjulu ziruka ebiibbo.* The fibres are used to weave baskets.

**luziiziima** *(o)luziiziima* n.11/10 withers (the ridge between the shoulder bone of an animal) • *Ombuli yaimwire oluziiziima ng'akwaba kulwana.* The goat raised its withers when

it was about to start fighting.

**Luzungu** *(o)Luzungu* n.11/10 English, the English language • *Aboojo beegere okusimoola oLuzungu.* The boys have learnt to speak English.

**luzwanyuma** prep. (a) after (a certain period of time or an event) • *Amayimbooka gaamwe galiwo oluzwanyuma lwa naku ibiri.* He regained consciousness after two days. (b) after, in the time following • *OMusiita atabangukire oluzwanyuma lwa kumanya nti emotoka yaamwe bagiibbire.* Musiita has gone wild after learning that his car had been stolen. (c) afterwards, later • *Oluzwanyuma yaire n'aiza ani.* Afterwards he came here.

**lwa** *(oku)lwa* v.tr. *lwire* to delay, to postpone, to take long • *Lwaki walwirewo okumaliirya omulimo?* Why did you take so long to complete the work?

**Lwabbalaza** [see also *Bbalaza*] *(o)Lwabbalaza* n. Monday • *Yafiire oLwabbalaza olwaizweri.* He died last Monday.

**lwabwe** [see *(-)abwe*]

**lwabya** *(o)lwabya* n.11/10 clay plate • *Aliiriire ku lwabya.* He ate off a clay plate.

**lwago** *(o)lwago* n.11/10 bladder (of a ball) • *Omupiira gubbaamu olwago.* The ball has a bladder inside.

**lwaigolo** [see *aslo igolo*] *(o)lwaigolo* n.11 evening time, afternoon • *Ozeiza waiswe atuganira buli lwaigolo.* Our grandmother recites rhymes for us

every evening.

**lwaiswe** [see *(-)aiswe*]

**Lwakabiri** *(o)Lwakabiri* n.11/10 Tuesday • *Aliiza Lwakabiri.* He will come on Tuesday.

**Lwakanai** *(o)Lwakanai* n.11/10 Thursday • *Atera kwiza Lwakanai.* She always comes on Thursdays.

**Lwakasatu** *(o)Lwakasatu* n.11/10 Wednesday • *Buli Lwakasatu abba ani.* He is always here on Wednesdays.

**Lwakataanu** *(o)Lwakataanu* n.11/10 Friday • *Yaire ani Lwakataanu.* He came back here on Friday.

**lwaki** interrog. (a) why, for what reason or purpose • *Lwaki okwaba ewaamwe?* Why do you go to his place? (b) **nsonga lwaki** the reason why • *Eirwaliro lyaiswe ndoomu mweyi nigyo nsonga lwaki lisire.* Our hospital has no cleaner, that is why it is dirty.

**lwakuba** [see *lwakubba*]

**lwakubba** [see also *olwa and kubba*] *(o)lwakubba* conj. because of, due to • *Yampangwire lwakubba yalina embundu.* He defeated me because he had a gun.

**lwakwa** *(o)lwakwa* n.11/10 (a) sticks or pole supporting hunting traps • *Okisolo ayakaire ku lwakwa.* The animal passed by the stick supporting the net. (b) **ku lwakwa** narrowly, closely, just, hardly • *Omulwaire wa kookolo yalamiire ku lwakwa.* The cancer patient narrowly survived. **lwala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)lwala* v.intr./tr. *lwaire*

(a) to be ill, to be sick, to be hurt • *Onkeremba abbaire mulwaire okuliga eizo.* The baby has been sick since yesterday. (b) to suffer from • *Bambi yalwaire kitenduka.* Oh dear, he is suffering from epilepsy. (c) **lwala (o)kwezi** to have menstruation, to have one's period, to menstruate • *Omwala alwaire okwezi.* The girl has her period.

**lwala**<sup>2</sup> [see also *kyala*] *(o)lwala* n.11/8 (a) finger (b) **lwala (o)lwereera** pinky finger, little finger • *Olwala olwereera nirwo olusinga obudooli oku byala ebitaanu.* The pinky finger is the smallest of all the five fingers.

**lwalangula** *(oku)lwalangula* v.tr. *lwanlangwire* to raise (the alarm), to sound (the alarm) • *Omwibbi bamulwalangulire enduulu.* They raised the alarm for the thief.

**lwaleero**<sup>1</sup> *(o)lwaleero* n.11 today, this day

**lwaleero**<sup>2</sup> *(o)lwaleero* adv. today, this day • *Olwaleero menyekere muno.* I feel exhausted today.

**lwaliiro** *(o)lwaliiro* n.11/10 banana leaf used for serving food or wrapping food • *Emere tugiibuura ku lwaliiro.* We serve food on a banana leaf. **lwalisya** *(oku)lwalisya* v.tr. *lwalivsirye* to have a sick person, to have an ill person • *Nalwalisirye omwana.* I have a sick child.

**lwamba** *(o)lwamba* n.11/10 (a) rock • *Olwamba lwa Ibbaale lukooto.* The rock in Bbaale is big. (b) hole, pit • *Yaba osake olwamba olwa naikonto.* Go

and dig a hole for the borehole.

**lwami** *(o)lwami* n.11 loud noise, blast • *Naani oyo akukubba olwami?* Who is the one making that loud noise?

**lwamu** [see *(-)amu*]

**Lwamukaaga** *(o)Lwamukaaga* n.11/10 Saturday • *Abaruuli baswera muno ku Lwamukaaga.* The Baruuli often wed on a Saturday.

**Lwamusanju** *(o)Lwamusanju* n.11/10 Sunday • *Abakatoliki baramya Lwamusanju.* Catholics pray on Sunday.

**lwamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**lwana** *(oku)lwana* v.intr. *lwaine* (a) to fight, to compete, to contest • *Naani oyo akulwana?* Who is fighting? (b) to strive, to make an effort, to do one's best • *Lwana muno okubona nga okwakalamu.* Strive hard so that you qualify.

**lwange** [see *ange*]

**lwanikiro** *(o)lwanikiro* n.11/10 drying plane

**lwaniko** *(o)lwaniko* n.11/10 one of the objects spread out in order to dry, e.g. coffee beans • *Luni nirwo lwaniko lwa mwani.* This is the drying plane for coffee.

**lwanisya** *(oku)lwanisya* v.tr. *lwanisirye* to fight against, to cause to fight • *Mulwanisye okusaasaanya endwaire ya namunywa.* Fight against the spread of HIV.

**lwanywe** [see *nywe*]

**lwara** *(o)lwara* n.11 log hanging in a poultry barn, rack, perch • *Empanga*

*tiziyimbya lwara.* The cocks cannot sleep on the same log.

**lwawo** *(oku)lwawo* v.intr. *lwirewo* (a) to live long, to overstay, to stay for too long • *Omukali oyo alwirewo awo.* That woman has stayed there for a long time. (b) to delay for long, to take long • *Olwawo muno okweteja.* You take a long time to understand.

**lwazi** *(o)lwazi* n.11/10 frigidity • *Omukali wa lwazi tanyumirwa kwegaita.* A frigid woman does not enjoy sex.

**Lwebikiire** *(o)Lwebikiire* n.1a name given to a boy born when all her elder siblings are dead • *OLwebikiire tata n'abaganda.* Lwebikiire has no siblings.

**lwegwegwe** [see also *mwegwegwe*] *(o)lwegwegwe* n.11/10 side, part

**lwembo** *(o)lwembo* n.11/10 song, chant • *Caaka olwembo tutoore.* Begin the song and we will respond.

**lwendai** [see also *mwendai and kendai*] num. nine hundred

**lwendo** *(o)lwendo* n.11/10 small gourd used for drinking water • *Amaizi nga nywera mu lwendo.* I drink water from a small gourd.

**lwengere** *(o)lwengere* n. brand-new item, new item • *Aguure emotoka lwengere.* He has bought a brandnew vehicle.

**lwenyanja** *(o)lwenyanja* n.11 anal herpes • *Omukali oyo mulwaire wa lwenyanja.* That woman is suffering from anal herpes.

**lweru** *(o)lweru* n.11 clear waters • *Mpikire omu lweru.* I have reached clear waters.

**lwetiiko** *(o)lwetiiko* n.11/10 responsibility, duty, assignment • *Nkobera olwetiiko lwamu.* Tell me your responsibility.

**lwetona** *(o)lwetona* n.11 (a) cow that changes its colour after some time (b) stylish thing, classy thing, fashionable item • *OBindobeire ata lwetona.* Bindobeire is stylish.

**lweyo** *(o)lweyo* n.11/10 broom • *Leeta olweyo nyeye omu nyumba.* Bring the broom and I will sweep the house.

**lweza** *(o)lweza* n.11/10 type of a herb used for good luck

**lwiburo** *(o)lwibuuro* n.11 serving place, dining room, dining table • *Olwibuuro lumaare okutegekwa?* Is the dining table set?

**lwige** *(o)lwige* n.11/10 door • *Olwige lwa nyumba yange lwa kyoma.* The door of my house is made of metal.

**lwina** *(o)lwina* n.11/10 (a) trench, channel • *Enzira ngisakireku olwina.* I dug a trench alongside the road. (b) ditch around a garden preventing wild animals from destroying crops • *Nsakire olwina okweruguurya endumiro yange.* I dug a ditch around my garden.

**lwino** *(o)lwino* n.11 kitchen rack, kitchen shelf • *Esaani agitaire ku lwino lwa jokooni.* He put the plate on the kitchen rack.

**lwiriiryo** *(o)lwiriiryo* n.11 (a) second

planting (if seeds of the first planting did not germinate well) • *Ebiduuma byange byagaine okumera, luno lwiriiryo lwa kabiri.* Musisi got his revenge in a timely manner. (b) retaliation, revenge, vengeance • *OMusisi akoore olwiriiryo omu kiseera ekituufu.* Musisi has got his revenge in a timely manner.

**lwirulwiru** *(o)lwirulwiru* n.11 greed, greediness • *Olwirulwiru lubba lubbi lusobola okusiisa eiyanga.* Greed is bad, it can destroy nations.

**lwito** *(o)lwito* n.11 conductive hearing impairment • *Owa lwito awuura kumukonaku.* One with a conductive hearing impairment hears when you touch him.

**lwiwula** *(o)lwiwula* n.11/10 *Cyphostemma adenocaule* • *Olwiwula lutamba okukoora. Cyphostemma adenocaule* cures a cough.

**lwo** it (noun class 11 independent pronoun)

**lwoki** *(o)lwoki* n.11/10 small hoe, hoe worn down by constant use • *Alumisya lwoki.* He digs with a small hoe. **lwoko** *(o)lwoko* n.11 Phytolaccaceae (a flowering plant) • *Olwoko luwunya kubbi.* The Phytolaccaceae plant smells bad.

**lwoma** *(o)lwoma* n.11 railway, railroad • *Egaali ya mwika etambuura ku lwoma.* A train moves on a railway.

**lwomere** *(o)lwomere* n.11/10 dry season • *Ekiseera kya lwomere tetubba n'amaizi.* We usually do not have

water during the dry season.

**lwomero** *(o)lwemero* n.11/10 banana leaf used for wrapping food • *Titulina ndagala zakukolesya nk'olwomero.* We do not have banana leaves for wrapping food.

**lwongereza** *(o)lwongereza* n.11/10 catalyst, stimulant, trigger • *Obworo bubbaire lwongereza oku kufa kwamwe.* Poverty was a catalyst for his death.

**lwonzi** *(o)lwonzi* n.11/10 comb (of a cock) • *Ompanga abba n'olwonzi.* A cock has a comb.

**lworo** *(o)lworo* n.11/10 clay plate • *Nsukira amaizi omu lworo.* Pour for me some water into a clay plate.

**lwowo** *(o)lwowo* n.11/10 wooden plate, wooden bowl • *Olwowo lulirwamu bakulu.* It is the elders who eat from the wooden plate.

**lya** *(oku)lya* v.tr. *liire* (a) to eat • *OTendo talya nyama.* Tendo never eats meat. (b) to benefit, to gain • *Aliiriire mu isomero eryo.* He has benefited from that school. (c) **lya (o)bukama** to become a leader • *Ali ampi okulya obukama.* He is about to become a leader.

**lyabwe** [see *(-)abwe*]

**lyaiswe** [see *(-)aiswe*]

**lyaka** *(oku)lyaka* v.tr. *lyakire* to cheat, to defraud, to trick • *Okulyaka esente z'abantu kibbi.* It is bad to defraud people of their money.

**lyamu** [see *amu*]

**lyamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**lyanda** *(e)ryanda* n.5/6 (a) charcoal •

## lyange

*Komawo eryanda eryo.* Pick up that charcoal. (b) battery, cell • *Nkutaka okugula amanda agayaaka aga ladiyo yange.* I need to buy a new set of batteries for my radio.

**lyange** [see *ange*]

## **lyanywe** [see *nywe*]

**lyato** *(e)ryato* n.5/6 boat • *Eryato erisabalya abantu tiririna kutambulya mbuli.* A boat which carries people should not be used to ferry goats.

**lyazaamaanya** [see also *mulyazaamanyi*] *(oku)lyazaamaanya* v.tr. *lyazaamaanyire* to cheat of, to defraud of, to fail to pay (a debt), to refuse to pay (a debt), to • *Omusaiza oyo yandyazaamaanyire esente za-*

# **M**

**ma** [see *maama*]

**maaba** *(a)maaba* n.6 departure, leaving • *Amaaba gaabwe ga lwaleero.* Today is their departure day.

**maabire** adv. (a) for good, for ever • *Yayabire maabire.* She left for good. (b) whereabouts, location, position • *Timmaite maabire gaamwe.* I don't know her whereabouts.

**maadi** *(a)maadi* n.6 contention, disagreement, dispute, quarrel • *Amaadi obundi gazwamu okulwana.* Sometimes contention can lead to fighting.

**maali** *(e)maali* n.9 <from Ar. via Sw.> money, wealth, riches • *Abasi-* *nge.* That man intentionally refused to pay back my money.

**lyenju** [see also *kyenji*] *(e)ryenju* n.5/6 yellow banana • *Amenju gatandikire okugonda.* The yellow bananas have started to soften.

**lyo** pro. it (noun class 5 independent pronoun)

**lyolya** *(oku)lyolya* v.tr. *lyoirye* to look coy or shy (as a bride at her wedding), to roll one's eyes insultingly • *Omwala omu kifo kyakuwuliirya amagezi, akulyolyambe gaiso.* Instead of listening to the advice, the girl is just rolling her eyes insultingly.

*raamu bata muno emaali.* Muslims have a lot of money.

**maalongo** *(o)maalongo* n.1a/2 mother of many twins • *Omaalongo abba maama wa balongo.* Maalongo means the mother of twins.

**maama** *(o)maama* n.1a/2 (a) mother • *Omaama wange akwiza lwaleero okuluga e Kampala.* My mother is coming today from Kampala. (b) used to express surprise, wonder • *Maama! Bona entale!* Oh my goodness! Look at the lions! (c) **maama yampaire** clothing made out of different pieces of cloth, patchwork clothing • *Azwaire maama yampaire.* He is wearing a patchwork dress.

**maamaala** *(oku)maamaala* v.intr. *maamaire* to live long • *Omusaiza oyo amaamaire muno.* That man has lived for a long life.

**maamaalya** *(oku)maamaalya* v.tr. *maamairye* to wish the king a good long life • *Abaruuli bamaamaalya omukama waabwe.* The Baruuli wish their king a good long life.

**maamira** *(oku)maamira* v.intr./tr. *maamiire* (a) to sit on (eggs) to hatch them, to brood, to incubate • *Onkoko akumaamira mawuli.* The hen is sitting on her eggs. (b) to be everywhere, to spread over, to extend over, to cover a large area • *Abanyarwanda baamaamiire omu Uganda.* The Rwandans are everywhere in Uganda.

**maani** *(a)maani* n.6 (a) strength, energy, power • *Olina okubba n'amaani gaingi okwetiika ensawu eyo.* You will need a lot of strength to carry that bag. (b) effort, exertion, energy • *Taamu amaani omu by'okukola.* Put in more effort into what you are doing. (c) **maani g'aisana** solar energy • *Eguloopu zaamwe zaakira ku maani g'aisana.* His bulbs use solar energy. **maano** *(a)maano* n.6 (a) misfortune, bad luck, trouble • *Amaano gagwire oku kyalo kyaiswe.* A misfortune has befallen our village. (b) abomination, disgrace, atrocity • *Gani maano! Omusaiza okubyala omu mwara waamwe.* It's an abomination for a father to impregnate his daughter.

**maanu** *(e)maanu* n.9 <from En.> manna • *OKanca yagabiriire Abaisirayiri emaanu.* God fed the Israelites with manna.

**maanyi** *(a)maanyi* n.6 urine • *Ekisiika ky'abaana kiwunya amaanyi.* The children's bedroom smells of urine.

**maanyuuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)maanyuuka* v.tr. *maanyuukire* to moult, to shed (old feathers or hair) • *Enkoko zimaanyuukire ebyoya.* The hen is shedding feathers.

**maanyuuka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)maanyuuka* v.intr. *maanyuukire* to run very fast, to run away • *Bona omusaiza akumaanyuuka.* Look at the man running very fast.

**maanyuula** *(oku)maanyuula* v.tr. *maanyuire* to pluck off (of hair, feathers) • *Naani akumaanyuulanga ebyoya bya mbaata?* Who keeps plucking off the duck's feathers?

**maapu** *(e)maapu* n.9/10 <from En.> map • *Nkubbira emaapu ya Uganda.* Draw for me a map of Uganda.

**maara**<sup>1</sup> *(a)maara* n.6 middle of the sole • *Amaara gakumuluma.* The middles of his feet are hurting.

**maara**<sup>2</sup> *(a)maara* n.6 pus • *Ekyoya kyamwe kirimu amaara.* His wound has pus.

**maawo** *(o)maawo* n.1 your mother • *Koba omaawo atwibuure emere.* Tell your mother to serve us food.

**maaya**<sup>1</sup> *(o)maaya* n.1a/10 ostrich • *Omaaya nikyo kinyonyi ekisinga obukooto omu nsi yoona.* The ostrich is

maaya

the biggest bird in the whole world. **maaya**<sup>2</sup> *(a)maaya* n.6 place under the bed • *Ecupa agitaire mu maaya.* He placed the bottle under the bed. **mabaago** *(a)mabaago* n.6 meat given to the person who has skinned an animal • *Omuyigi tafunire mabaago.* The hunter has not gotten his share of the meat for skinning.

**mabbaale** [see also *ibbaale*] *(a)mabbaale* n.6 arthritis • *Nkulumwa amabbaale.* I am suffering from arthritis.

**mabbaata** *(a)mabbaata* n.6 testicles • *Emberege zibba n'amabbaata aga-*

*kooto.* The pigs have big testicles. **mabbali** *(a)mabbali* n.6 (a) side • *Oku mabbali g'omwiga kuliku ebitoogo.* There are papyrus plants beside the river. (b) aside, to the side

**mabberege** [see also *mberege*] adv. like a pig • *Omwana oyo alya mabberege.* That child eats like a pig.

**mabbi** *(a)mabbi* n.6 faeces, excrement, shit • *Amabbi ga mbwene gakuwunya muno.* The dog's faeces are very smelly.

**mabbise** adv. stealthily, secretly • *Yatambwire mabbise n'ayaba.* He walked stealthily and then left.

**mabbongo** *(a)mabbongo* n.6 tooth gap, missing teeth • *Omusaiza omukulu alina amabbongo.* The old man has a tooth gap.

**mabbwene** adv. like a dog, dog-like • *Abakali ba biro bini banyaala mabbwene.* Women these days urinate like a dog.

**mabeere** *(a)mabeere* n.6 infection of the inner ear, otitis interna • *Omwana waabwe alwaire mabeere.* Their child is suffering from otitis interna. **mabega** *(a)mabega* n.6 (a) back, spine • *Ta omwana that oku mabega.* Put the child on its back. (b) shoulder • *Omwana amugingiire ku mabega.* She is carrying the baby on her shoulders. (c) behind, backside, rear side • *Naani ali emabega waamwe?* Who is behind him?

**mabooki** *(a)mabooki* n.6 water • *Leeta amabooki nyweku.* Bring me some water and I'll drink it.

**macande** *(a)macande* n.6 simsim (UgE)/sesame • *Ntaka muno okulya amacande.* I like eating simsim a lot. **macati** *(a)macati* n.6 pride, arrogance, self-esteem • *Amacati ago goonagoona gaaki mwana wange?* My dear child, what is all that pride for? **macumucumu** *(a)macumucumu* n.6 thorn apple (*Datura stramonium*)

**macunda** *(a)macunda* n.6 (a) yoghurt • *Akunywa macunda.* He is eating yoghurt. (b) buttermilk • *Amacunda gaweerye emberege.* Give the buttermilk to the pigs. (c) type of white fast growing millet • *Obwita buni babweta macunda.* This type of millet is called macunda.

**madakwa** *(a)madakwa* n.6 mashed beans used as sauce • *Eizo twaliire madakwa.* Yesterday we ate mashed beans as a sauce.

**maduka** *(oku)maduka* v.intr. *madukire* (of a night dancer, magician) to

walk • *Omusyoli amaduka bwereere.* A night dancer walks naked.

**maduudu** <Lunyala> *(a)maduudu* n.6 (a) physalis, Cape gooseberry (*Physalis peruviana*) • *Ntaka muno okulya amaduudu.* I like eating physalis very much. (b) shrub with trumpet-shaped flowers (one of the two varieties, viz. *Datura stramonium* (thorn apple, jimsonweed or devil's snare) or *Thylachium africanum*) • *Amaduudu gakolesebwa okutamiirya abantu.* The devil's snare is used to intoxicate people.

**maduuli** adv. in Kiruuli fashion, in Kiruuli way • *Abaza maduuli.* He speaks in a Kiruuli way.

**madwa** *(o)madwa* n.1a/10 mixture of groundnuts with peas • *Omadwa awooma muno.* The mixture of groundnuts with peas is very tasty.

**madwansa** *(o)madwansa* n.1a/2 toothless person • *Omusaiza madwansa alemereirwe okunyanya enyama.* The toothless person has failed to chew the meat.

**mafeereere** *(a)mafeereere* n.6 total loss • *Gani mafeereere.* This is a total loss.

**mafuta** *(a)mafuta* n.6 <from Sw.> (a) oil • *E Kaisotoonya basakayo amafuta.* They drill for oil in Kaisotoonya. (b) petrol, fuel • *Emotoka eweiremu amafuta.* The car has run out of fuel. (c) kerosene • *Ndeetera ecupa ya mafuta.* Bring me a bottle of kerosene. **maga** *(o)maga* n.1a/10 pied king-

fisher (*eryle rudis*) • *Omaga alya*

*empere omu maizi.* The pied kingfisher eats sprats from the water.

**magadi** *(a)magadi* n.6 rock salt • *Omuunyu gwa magadi gubba gusai.* Rock salt is tasty.

**magado**<sup>1</sup> *(a)magado* n.6 potter's workshop • *Ali mu magado akubumba.* He is moulding in the potter's workshop.

**Magado**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Magado* n.1a/2 name given to a child born after hardships • *Omagado yabyaliibwe nga eka waabwe eriyo obuzibu.* Magado was born when his family was going through hardships.

**magalaamiira** adv. on one's back (of sleeping) • *Abbasirye magalaamiira.* He is sleeping on his back.

**magalala** *(oku)magalala* v.intr. *magalaire* to be startled, to be scared • *Boonaboona bamagalaire olwa baibbi.* They are all scared because of the thieves. to run riot, to go wild, to revolt

**magalali** (e.g. *mumagalali, bamagali, gimalali*) adj. careless, inattentive, incautious, negligent, absentminded • *Odi omwana mumagalali muno.* That child is very careless.

**magalama** adv. on one's back (e.g. of falling) • *Omukaire agwire magalama.* An old woman fell flat on her back.

**magalika** *(oku)magalika* v.intr. *magalikire* to scatter, to be scattered, to spread • *Ebiyimba bisensekere n'ebimagalika ansi.* The beans poured out and scattered on the floor.

**magalo** *(o)magalo* n.1a/10 pliers, pincers, tongs • *Eriino alitooleseryeyo magalo!* He removed his tooth using pliers!

**Magambo** *(o)Magambo* n.1a/2 son of a contested father • *Abeeka eyo batankana obwite bwa Magambo.* Members of that family contest Magambo's paternity.

**magarura** *(a)magarura* n.6 volunteer crop, after harvest sprouts (of any crop) • *Ayabire kukesa bwita bwa magarura.* He has gone to harvest volunteer millet.

**mageizo** *(a)mageizo* n.6 obesity, corpulence • *Obwo ti bukooto bwa buliizo baitu mageizo.* That is not normal weight gain but obesity.

**magenge** *(o)magenge* n.1a/10 *Oxygonum sinuatum* • *Omagenge asumita muno. Oxygonum sinuatum* pricks badly.

**mageregankoko** *(a)mageregankoko* n.6 kind of grass with prickly seeds **magezi** *(a)magezi* n.6 (a) wisdom, knowledge, advice • *Amagezi nikyo kipimo ky'abuguuda.* Wisdom is the measure of wealth. (b) creativity, solution (c) **sala (a)magezi** to think up, to work out, to design • *Sala amagezi agakwika e Kampala.* Work out a way to reach Kampala.

**mageziganyala** *(a)mageziganyala* n.6 item made locally by the Banyala • *Empasa eni mageziganyala.* This knife is made locally by the Banyala. **magita** *(a)magita* n.6 ghee • *Amagita gawoomesya omukubi.* Ghee makes

the sauce tasty.

**magoba** *(a)magoba* n.6 profit, gain, benefit • *Atungire amagoba omu byaitundi byamwe.* He has accumulated a profit from his businesses.

**magombe** *(a)magombe* n.6 (a) tomb, grave • *Amagombe ga nguli Amin tigamanyiibwe.* The grave of the late Amin is not known. (b) burial ground, cemetery, graveyard • *Amagombe gaabwe gali ku lubuga.* Their cemetery is in the courtyard. (c) place of the dead, the underworld • *E magombe ndooyo isanyu.* There is no joy in the underworld. (d) abyss, seemingly bottomless pit • *Eitakali lyamwe lirimu amagombe.* There is an abyss in his land.

**magula** *(a)magula* n.6 buying season • *Ndiiza mu magula.* I will come during the buying season.

**magulu**<sup>1</sup> [see also *kagulu*] *(e)magulu* n.9/10 foot side of a bed • *Yaba emagulu wa kitabu kyange otooleyo ekitabo.* Go to the foot side of my bed and bring me the book.

**magulu g'aisana**<sup>2</sup> *(a)magulu g'aisana* n.6 sunrays • *Amagulu gaisana gankubbire omu maiso.* The sunrays are affecting my eyes.

**magulugankoko** *(a)magulugankoko* n.6 pottery wheel, throwing wheel • *Leeta amagulugankoko ndamantiirye ekinaga.* Bring the pottery wheel and I will smoothen the pot.

**Maguzi** *(o)Maguzi* n.1a/2 name of a boy who was born out of wedlock • *OMaguzi aboine kubba bamubyai-* *re nzai.* It is a pity that Maguzi was born out of wedlock.

**magwara** *(a)magwara* n.6 traditional horn, vuvuzela • *Ngodi akufuuwa magwara.* She is blowing a traditional vuvuzela.

**magye** *(a)magye* n.6 military, army • *Endumba oku nkambi z'amagye yasisimwire gavumenti.* The attack on the army barracks was a wakeup call for the government.

**manda** *(a)manda* n.6 argumentativity • *Omusaiza oyo ata n'amanda.* That man is argumentative.

**mahadi** [see *maadi*]

**mahano** [see *maano*]

**maido** *(a)maido* n.6 groundnut • *Nsumbire mukubi gwa maido.* I prepared a groundnut sauce.

**maika** *(a)maika* n.6 arrival, advent, coming • *Amaika ga Yesu gali ampi.* The coming of Jesus is near.

**maikala** *(a)maikala* n.6 (a) enthronement, coronation, inauguration • *Twabbaire ku maikala ga mukama.* We went to attend the anniversary of the king's coronation. (b) way of sitting • *Amaikala ga bantu gawukana okusinziira oku buwangwa bwa bantu.* The way people sit varies from culture to culture. (c) (of a baby crawling) on one's buttocks • *Omwana oni akurunduka maikala.* This child is crawling on its buttocks.

**maikire** *(a)maikire* n.6 right time, proper moment • *Gani nigo maikire ga bugenyi.* This is the right time for weeding.

**mainuka** *(a)mainuka* n.6 end of the work day, knocking-off time • *Obwire bwa mainuka bwikire.* The time for ending the day's work is now.

**maira** *(a)maira* n.6 return, coming back • *Naalya maira ti ati.* I will eat on my return, not now.

**mairaira** *(a)mairaira* n.6 double work • *Onyiirye mu mairaira.* You have made me do double work.

**mairu**<sup>1</sup> *(a)mairu* n.6 strong desire, craving • *Omusaiza odi ata n'amairu ga nyama.* That man has a craving for beef.

**mairu**<sup>2</sup> *(a)mairu* n.6 mastoiditis • *Omwana alwaire amairu.* The child is suffering from mastoiditis.

**mairyo** *(a)mairyo* n.6 second helping of food • *Gani nkulya mairyo.* I am taking a second helping of the food.

**maisa**<sup>1</sup> *(a)maisa* n.6 (a) bad behaviour, bad manners • *Abeegi babapekere oku isomero lwa gaisa gabbi.* The students were expelled from school because of their bad behaviour. (b) life imprisonment, imprisonment for life, life sentence • *Omwiti bamubbwere maisa.* The killer has been sentenced to life imprisonment.

**maisa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)maisa* v.tr. *maisire* to pluck (e.g. a chicken), to remove feathers • *Mumaise onkoko tumulye ekyamisana.* Pluck the chicken so that we can have it for lunch.

**maiso** *(a)maiso* n.6 face • *Omulwaire azimbire omu maiso.* The patient's

# face is swollen.

**miisa** *(oku)miisa* v.tr. *miisire* to sow (millet grain), to broadcast • *Miisa obwita obwo, enjura yatoonyere.* Sow the millet grains, the rains have started.

**maizi** *(a)maizi* n.6 (a) water • *Mpeerya amaizi nyweeku.* Give me some water to drink. (b) **maizi ga ikendi** rainwater • *Akuleja maizi ga ikendi asobole okusukiira ebirume byamwe.* He is tapping rainwater so that he can irrigate his crops. (c) **maizi ga kisaiza** semen • *Oyo talina maizi ga kisaiza.* He has no semen.

**majaani** *(a)majaani* n.6 tea leaves • *Ta amajaani oku matai.* Put tea leaves into the milk.

**majarija** *(a)majarija* n.6 decoration, ornament • *Amajarija ge yataire oku gaali gasai.* The decoration he put on the bicycle is superb.

**majimbajimba** adv. forcefully, hurriedly • *Bamutwaire majimbajimba.* They took him forcefully.

**majoka** adv. (of a baby crawling) on the belly • *Omwana okukurunduka majoka.* The baby is crawling on its belly.

**maka** *(a)maka* n.6 (a) family • *Amaka gaamwe gata n'engeso ezisai.* His family is disciplined. (b) home, house • *Alina amaka gaamwe.* He has his home.

**makala** [see *ikala*] <Lunyala>

**makali** adv. in a lady-like style, in a woman like manner • *Epikipiki agiikalaku makali.* He sits on a motorcycle in a lady-like style.

**makanda** *(a)makanda* n.6 (a) wellestablished position • *Omwebembezi yasimbire amakanda omu iruguza lyamwe.* The leader is well established in the sub-county. (b) resolute strength of character • *Oisentebe yasimbire amakanda okubyanyegesya.* The chairman was resolute in promoting education.

**makanika** *(o)makanika* n.1a/2 <from En.> mechanical engineer, mechanic • *Omakanika akoora omu galagi eyo abba murofu buli kaseera.* The mechanic who works in that garage is always dirty.

**makansi** *(e)makansi* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> scissors, pair of scissors• *Mpeerya emakansi yange, nsale omwana wange eisoke.* Give me my scissors and I'll cut my child's hair.

**makara** [see *ikala*]

**makazi** [see *makali*]

**makebe** *(a)makebe* n.6 East Coast fever, Theileriosis (a disease of cattle) • *Onyana wange alwaire amakebe.* My calf is suffering from East Coast fever.

**makeerere** *(a)makeerere* n.6 early morning • *Akwiza makeerere.* He will come in the early morning.

**makendegere** *(a)makendegere* n.6 (a) middle, centre • *Aikire omu makendegere ga lugendo.* He has reached the middle of the journey. (b) waist, waistline • *Alina amakendegere gadyoli.* She has a small waistline. **makerwakerwa** adv. (of sitting) in

an exhausted way • *Leero nk'oikaire makerwakerwa?* Why are you sitting in a manner that shows that you are exhausted?

**makiiniike** adv. mockingly, laughingly • *Omukali akuseka makiiniike!* He is laughing mockingly!

**makobboito** *(a)makobboito* n.6 semen • *Ebisolo ebisaiza bibba n'amakobboito.* Male animals have semen.

**makobo** *(a)makobo* n.6 advice • *Ompoigole tawuura makobo.* A stubborn person does not take advice.

**makoko** *(a)makoko* n.6 <from taboo> premature ejaculation • *Oibaamwe wa makoko.* Her husband suffers from premature ejaculation.

**makoma** *(a)makoma* n.6 election • *Amakoma ga bakwenda ga mambya.* The election of the delegates is tomorrow.

**makuka** *(a)makuka* n.6 type of water potato (usually eaten during famine) • *Amakuka tugalya kwa nzala.* Water potatoes are eaten during a famine.

**makukuuru** *(a)makukuuru* n.6 lion's shape • *Omusaiza yakuure makukuuru.* The man has a lion's shape.

**makulu** [see *makuru*]

**makura** *(a)makura* n.6 (a) gifts for a king (archaic) • *Omukama bamuwaire amakura.* They have given gifts to the king. (b) wonderful item, magnificent item

**makuru** *(a)makulu* n.6 (a) meaning, sense • *Ekigambo ekyo kirina maku-* *ru ki?* What is the meaning of that word? (b) importance (c) news, newspaper • *Amakuru ago ngawuliire ku ndasamaraka.* I have heard those news from the radio.

**makuumo** *(a)makuumo* n.6 stooped back, hunch, stoop • *Amakuumo gamulemeserye okuwasa.* Having a stooped back was the reason he failed to marry.

**makuuwa** *(a)makuuwa* n.6 marabou stork • *Amakuuwa gabba mu kibuga.* Marabous stay in urban places.

**makwoiga** *(a)makwoiga* n.6 sweet potato harvest season, digging up the sweet potatoes • *Amakwoiga ga biyaata gatandika kwa kyanda.* The sweet potato harvest season begins during the dry season.

**mala**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)mala* v.intr./tr. *maare* (a) to complete, to finish • *Tumaare omurwa ogwa kugemba eisoke.* We have completed the ritual of shaving off the hair. (b) to finish (off), to consume, to eat up • *Malawo emere egyo.* Finish off that food. (c) to destroy, to ruin • *Omusaiza oyo amaarewo obwomi bwa bantu.* That man has destroyed people's lives. (d) to be enough, to be plenty • *Amaizi ago tigakutumala iswena kunaaba.* That water is not enough for all of us to bathe. (e) to reach orgasms, to come **mala**<sup>2</sup> *(a)mala* n.6 (a) intestines • *Amala ga nte gabba galai.* The intestines of a cow are long. (b) offal • *Ataka muno okulya amala.* He likes eating offal.

mala

**malaaya** *(o)malaaya* n.1a/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> prostitute • *Abamalaaya baingi omu Dubai.* There are many prostitutes in Dubai.

**malaika** *(o)malaika* n.1a/2 angel • *Gabulyeri malaika wa Kanca.* Gabriel is God's angel.

**malala** *(a)malala* n.6 (a) pride, arrogance • *Obusiraamu tibwikiriza malala.* Islam does not condone pride. (b) **malala ga gomasi** gathers on a gomesi's sleeve • *Egomesi ebbaaku amalala.* A gomesi always has gathers on the sleeves.

**malamu** *(oku)malamu* v.tr. *maaremu* to empty, to remove content, to clear • *Malamu amatai ago omu kidoome.* Empty the milk container.

**malawo** *(oku)malawo* v.tr. *maarewo* to finish (off), to consume, to eat up • *Malawo emere eyo oku suwaani.* Finish off that food on the plate.

**male** adv. very, extremely, exceedingly, exceptionally, really, truly • *Ekinyumba kini kikooto male.* This house is very big! catfish (genus *Clarias*) • *Omale awooma muno.* The catfish is tasty.

**malebe** [see also *malere*] *(a)malebe* n.6 top, peak, crest • *Aniinire aiguru mu malebe ga nyumba.* He climbed to the top of the house.

**maleeco** *(a)maleeco* n.6 tender grass, regrowth (after a bushfire) • *Ente zitaka muno okulya amaleecu.* Cows like eating new grass shoots after a bushfire.

**maleecu** [see *maleeco*] • *Ente zitaka*

*muno okulya amaleecu.* Cows like eating new grass shoots after a bushfire.

**maleere** *(a)maleere* n.6 *Lentinus prolifer* (mushroom growing on tree stumps, whitish-yellow bracket fungus) • *Amaleere tibagalya. Letinuse prolifer* is not edible.

**Malembo** *(o)Malembo* n.1a/2 name of a girl whose father is a relative to the mother

**malengo** *(a)malengo* n.6 direction • *Oyo gw'okuswagana ali mu malengo ago.* The person you are looking for is in that direction.

**malengwe** *(a)malengwe* n.6 direction of, side of • *Akusungeerya malengwe ga Kangulumira.* He is craning to look in the direction of Kangulumira.

**malere** [see also *malebe*] *(a)malere* n.6 top, peak, crest • *Yaniinire n'aika mu malere ga musaale.* He climbed up to the top of the tree.

**mali** *(a)mali* n.6 vermin, pest, parasite • *Amali gamaarewo ebirime byaiswe.* Vermin destroyed all our crops. **maliga** *(a)maliga* n.6 tears • *Akukunga maliga ga bugobya.* He is crying crocodile tears.

**maliibwa** *(a)maliibwa* n.6 bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) • *Amaliibwa tigalwa munda.* The Lagenaria siceraria is digested very fast. (lit. The edible Lagenaria siceraria does not take long inside.)

**maliira** *(oku)maliira* v.intr. *maliriire* to be determined, to resolve, to decide firmly, to Make up one's mind • *Maliira oireyo eka.* Make up your mind and go back home.

**maliiramwei** *(a)maliiramwei* n.6 tooth gap • *Omukaire ata n'amaliiraamwei.* The old woman has tooth gaps.

**maliirya** *(oku)maliirya* v.tr. *maliriirye* (a) to conclude, to complete, to wind up, to finish • *Maliirya orubazo lwamu obwire bwabire.* Conclude your speech, it is getting late. (b) to solve, to resolve, to clarify • *Maliirya ensonga ezo.* Solve those issues.

**malikupu** *(a)malikupu* n.6 big shoes, rubber boots, tyre sandals • *Azwaire malikupu.* He is wearing big shoes.

**malimba** *(a)malimba* adv. crosslegged • *Aikaire malimba.* She is sitting cross-legged.

**malirira** [see *maliira*]

**malo** *(a)malo* n.6 thirst • *Nkuura nkufa amalo.* I am dying of thirst. (lit. I feel I am dying of thirst.) **malole** *(a)malole* n.6 pink eye, conjunctivitis • *Mulwaire wa malole.* She is suffering from conjunctivitis. **malondo** adv. cross-legged • *Aikaire malondo.* He is sitting cross-legged. **malusu** *(a)malusu* n.6 saliva • *Ama-*

*lusu gabbaamu ekirungo ekiyamba okusya emere.* Saliva contains enzymes which help to digest food.

**malwa** *(a)malwa* n.6 finger millet beer, sorghum beer • *Mbadi bakunywa malwa.* They are drinking finger millet beer.

**malya** *(a)malya* n.6 (a) meal (b) **ma-**

**lya ga kyaigulo** supper time (c) **malya ga kyamisana** lunch time • *Yaikire ani ku saawa za malya ga kyamisana.* He arrived here during lunch time.

**mamaala** *(oku)mamaala* v.intr. *mamaire* (a) to last long, to be durable • *Esaati yaamu emamaire emyaka ikumi.* Your shirt has lasted for ten years. (b) to live long (used when wishing the king a good long life) • *Mamaala omukama.* Long live the king.

**mamaali** (e.g. *mumamaali, bamamaali, kimamaali*) adj. long-lasting, long-lived • *Ab'eka egyo bata bamamaali.* People from that home live long.

**mamaalya** *(oku)mamaalya* v.tr. *mamairye* to keep (people) alive • *OKanca niye amamaalya.* It is God who keeps people alive.

**mambo** *(e)mambo* n.9/10 stapler• *Titulina mambo yoona okubbwa empapula zini.* We do not have a stapler to staple these papers.

**mambuka** *(a)mambuka* n.6 north, the north • *Onganda niye ompungo awuluka amasirimuka n'aira amambuka.* The southern wind blows from the south to the north.

**mambulugya** *(a)mambulugya* n.6 mumps • *Kirowozebwa nti amambulugya gasiisa obusaiza.* It is believed that mumps cause impotence. (lit. It is believed that mumps kill penises.) **mambya** adv. (a) in the morning • *Naikire mambya.* I reached my destination in the morning. (b) morning • *Emabya ya leero ekubugumiira muno.* This morning is very warm. (c) tomorrow • *Naiza mambya.* I will come tomorrow. (c) **mambya karai** early morning • *Yaikire mambya karai.* He came very early in the morning. (d) tomorrow (f) **kyosi mambya** day after tomorrow • *Twayaba ekyosi mambya.* We will go the day after tomorrow.

**mamera** *(a)mamera* n.6 germination, period of growth, period of sprouting • *Ebiyimba biikire omu mamera.* The beans have reached the germination stage.

**mamiima**<sup>1</sup> *(a)mamiima* n.6 pride, conceit, cockiness • *Amamiima tigabba gasai.* Pride is never good.

**mamiima**<sup>2</sup> adv. tightly, closely • *Empale emukwaite mamiima.* The trousers fit tightly.

**mamiira** *(oku)mamiira* v.tr. *mamiriire* to sprinkle, to sprinkle on • *Mamiira omuunyu oku nyama.* Sprinkle salt on the meat.

**mamiro** *(a)mamiro* n.6 (a) throat • *Tinkulya kusai amamiro gakunduma.* I am not eating properly because my throat hurts. (b) voice • *Amamiro gaamwe gazindaire.* He has a hoarse voice. (c) changing voice (in puberty), voice breaking • *Omwojo akuyindula amamiro.* The boy's voice is changing due to puberty.

**mampa** prep. like • *Otambula mampa iteewo.* You walk like your father.

**mamuka** *(oku)mamuka* v.intr. *mamukire* (of a bird) to fly • *Ekinyonyi kimamukire oku musaale.* The bird has flown off the tree.

**mana** *(e)mana* n.9/10 <from taboo> vagina • *Kansa akwata emana yeyongeire ebiro bini.* Cancer of the vagina is very common these days.

**mananu** *(a)mananu* n.6 truth, fact • *Baza mananu gonze nga gasaara.* Speak the truth, even if it is bitter.

**mandigaadi** *(e)mandigaadi* n.9 <from En.> mudguard • *Eni nigyo mandigaadi ya gaali.* This is a mudguard for a bicycle.

**mandule** *(e)mandule* n.9 concentrated local gin • *Emandule kadooli emwita.* He almost died from concentrated local gin.

**mangada** *(o)mangada* n.1a/2 tangerine • *Manganda bamunyookamu ensande.* The tangerine are used to make juice.

**mangu** *(a)mangu* adv. (a) hurriedly, quickly, fast, immediately • *Tambula mangu, tiwaliire mere?* Walk quickly, didn't you eat food? (b) soon • *Nyinza obutamubona mangu.* I may not see him soon. (c) **mangu nga** as soon as • *Amangu nga omwika gutandikire okusolima, naswekwire ekinaga.* As soon as the steam started to be released, I uncovered the pot. (d) **mangu agwo** immediately, hurriedly, quickly • *Yafunire ekitwo n'akyanzulula amangu agwo.* She got a present and unwrapped it immediately. (e)

**manju** *(e)manju* n.9 (a) rear side of a house, space behind a house • *Ingiira mu mulyango gwa manju bairaba.* Enter through the back door, please. (b) toilet • *Ayabire manju.* He has gone to the toilet. (c) behind, at the back • *Ayabire manju kutema musaale.* He has gone behind the house to cut down a tree.

**manoli** *(a)manoli* n.6 fat • *Ti kisai kulya amanoli gaingi.* It is not good to eat too much fat.

**mansira** *(oku)mansira* v.tr. *mansiriire* to sprinkle, to spray • *Mansira amaizi omu nyumba.* Sprinkle the water in the house.

**mansula** *(oku)mansula* v.tr. *manswire* (a) to throw away, to toss, to get rid of • *Mumansuleku ekibunguura.* Help her get rid of the caterpillar. (b) (of a trap) to swing, to sway, to wag • *Ekimansuuli kimansulambe ekisolo.* The trap just sways the animal.

**mansulya** *(oku)mansulya* v.tr. *manswirye* to flick off • *Akabunguura kabbaire kakumutambuura oku saati n'akamansulya edi.* A caterpillar was crawling on her shirt, and she flicked it off.

**manta** *(oku)manta* v.tr. *mantire* to fill with mud (in construction) • *Njunaku okumanta enyumba.* Help me to fill the structure of the house with mud.

**manti** interj. used ot express sympathy or sorrow or to encourage people in a difficult situation (e.g. take heart, cheer up) • *Bairaba manti!*

*Okwiza kutereera.* Take heart dear! All will be well with you.

**manvuuli** *(e)manvuuli* n.9/10 <from Sw.> umbrella • *Okwa njura ntambula n'emanvuuli.* In the rain I walk with an umbrella.

**manya** *(oku)manya* v.tr. *maite* to know, to learn • *Manya ebigambo bya Kanca bikwiza kujuna okubba n'obwomi obusai.* Learn the word of God, it will help you to live a good life.

**manyaale** *(a)manyaale* n.6 <from taboo> sexual fluids, vaginal fluid • *Abakali babba n'amanyaale.* Women have sexual fluids.

**manyante** *(a)manyante* n.6 unbearable conditions • *Ewaiswe eni tuli mu manyante.* We are living in unbearable conditions this way.

**manyibwa** *(oku)manyibwa* v.intr. *maanyiibwe* to be famous, to be wellknown, to be popular • *Omukali oyo amanyiibwe muno.* That woman is well-known.

**manyiira** *(oku)manyiira* v.tr. *manyiriire* (a) to be used to, to get familiar with, to be experienced • *Kibba kisai okumanyiira omuntu.* It is good to get used to people. (b) to take (a person) for granted • *Lekerawo okummanyiira.* Stop taking me for granted.

**manyiki** (e.g. *mumanyiki, bamanyiki, limanyiki*) adj. famous, popular, well-known • *Omuntu omumanyiki kisai akole ebintu ebisai.* It is good for a popular person to do good things.

**manyinkana** *(oku)manyinkana* v.intr. *manyinkaine* to be famous, to popular, to be well-known • *OSezi amanyinkaine muno omu Kayunga.* Sezi is very popular in Kayunga.

**manyisya** *(oku)manyisya* v.ditr. *manyisirye* to notify, to inform, to alert, to announce • *Manyisya abeegi oku Lwabbalaza lunaku lukulu.* Inform the students that Monday is a public holiday.

**maragano** *(a)maragano* n.6 necklace made of beads • *Omwala yebbwere amaragano.* The girl is wearing a necklace made of beads.

**maraka** *(a)maraka* n.6 sound, noise, note, pitch • *Amaraka ga ngoma za Kinyala ngamaite.* I know the Kinyala drum sound.

**marakwaŋa** *(a)marakwaŋa* n.6 canna lily (lit. Canna bidentata) • *Amarakwaŋa gwona mukubi gwa bikoola.* The canna lily is also a vegetable.

**maranga**<sup>1</sup> *(a)maranga* n.6 cow urine • *Amaranga gakuwunya omu kiwongole.* Cow urine stinks in the kraal. **maranga**<sup>2</sup> *(a)maranga* n.6 canna lily (Canna bidentata) • *Amaranga gataaku ebimuli bisai.* The canna lily makes good flowers.

**mararangabo** adv. just like that, without anything • *Atambwire mararangabo ndoowo gwe yakobeireku.* He left just like that without informing anyone.

**maruguza** *(o)maruguzu* n.1a/2 glutton • *Omaruguza alwanira enyama*

*ku mikolo.* A glutton fights for meat during functions.

**marusu** [see *malusu*]

**masaasaane** adv. (a) in different directions, in disarray • *Bairukire masaasaane.* They ran away in disarray. (b) randomly, indiscriminately • *Emiigo yabakubbire gya masaasaane.* He beat them randomly.

**masaayiiryo** [see *masaayiriiryo*] **masaayiriiryo** *(a)masayiriiryo* n.6 smartness, cleverness, wit • *Amasaayiriiryo againgi gaakyamirye onyemera omunwa.* Too much smartness made zebra's mouth bend. (Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**masaiza** adv. manly, in a man-like manner, in a manly manner • *Atambula masaiza.* He walks in a manly manner.

**masaju** *(a)masaju* n.6 fat • *Amasaju ga nyama ti gusai.* The fat of the meat is not good.

**masala** *(a)masala* n.6 food • *Baabire kulya masala.* They have gone to eat food.

**masanda** *(a)masanda* n.6 (a) sap, latex • *Omukukuuru gulina amasanda gaingi.* The candelabra tree has a lot of sap. (b) glue • *Kolesya masanda okukwatisya empapula.* Use glue to stick sheets of paper together.

**masanganzira** *(a)masanganzira* n.6 crossroads, junction • *Omulalu aikaire omu masanganzira.* The madman sits at the junction.

**masansa** *(a)masansa* n.6 *Aframomum africanum*

**masanyalaze** *(a)masanyalaze* n.6 (a) numbness, paralysis • *Nkuura amasanyalaze omu magulu.* I feel numbness in my legs. (b) electricity, power • *Amasanyalaze gaikire e Misanga.* The electricity has been installed up to Misanga.

**masanyu** *(a)masanyu* n.6 happiness, joy • *Amasanyu gaingi omu maka olwaleero.* Today the home is filled with happiness.

**masasi** *(a)masasi* n.6 (a) bullet (b) **masasi ga masanda** rubber bullet • *Abeegi ba Makeerere babakubbire amasasi ga masanda.* Makerere students were shot with rubber bullets. (c) **masasi ga muuro** live bullet • *Abaibbi baabakubbire amasasi ga muuro.* The thieves were shot at using live bullets.

**maseegeryo** *(a)maseegeryo* n.6 beginning, start • *Gakyali maseegeryo.* It is just the beginning.

**maseeneeko** *(a)maseeneeko* n.6 irony, satire • *Amaseeneeko kakodyo omu kuwandiika ebisubiiro.* Irony is a technique used in writing stories.

**masega** *(a)masega* n.6 receding hairline • *Ata n'amasega.* He has a receding hairline.

**Masereke** *(o)Masereke* n.1a/2 name given to a child born in an unstable marriage • *OMasereke yabyaliibwe nga oite wamwe alina obutakukwatagana n'onyina.* Masereke was born when his father had some misunderstandings with his mother. **masiini** *(e)masiini* n.9/10 <from En.>

machine (a general term for all types of machinery) • *Mmuguliire emasiini egiyaaka.* I bought him a new machine.

**masiiyano** *(a)masiiyano* n.6 obscenity, indecency, immorality, impropriety, vulgarity • *Amasiiyano gaakaliriirye omu bibuga.* Obscenity is widespread in urban areas.

**masikiini** *(o)masikiini* n.1a/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> beggar • *Bairaba, omasikiini oyo muwerye oku mere.* Give some food to that beggar, please.

**masinku** *(a)masinku* n.6 bundle of pointed sticks and metal used to trap catfish • *Amasinku bagakwatisya male.* They use a bundle of pointed sticks to catch catfish.

**masira** *(a)masira* n.6 pus • *Ekyoya kya mulwaire kikuzwamu amasira.* The pus is oozing from the patient's wound.

**masirimuka** *(a)masirimuka* n.6 south, the south • *Ayabire mu masirimuka ga Uganda.* He has gone to the southern part of Uganda.

**masitamire** *(a)masitamire* n.6 way of squatting (of a dog) • *Ombwene taleka masitamire ga maamwe.* You can't teach an old dog new tricks. (lit. A puppy cannot stop squatting like its mother dog.) (Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**Masiya** *(o)Masiya* n.1a/2 Messiah • *OYesu niye Masiya.* Jesus is the Messiah.

**masolo** adv. (of a baby crawling) like a dog, in a doggy way • *Omwa-* *na akukurunduka masolo.* The baby is crawling like a dog.

**masuka** *(oku)masuka* v.intr. *masukire* (a) (of a trap) to be set off, to be released • *Yamasukire n'ayingira omu nyumba.* The trap has been set off, it seems it has trapped a rat. (b) to dart away, to speed away • *Akamasu kamasukire kikuboneka kakwaite omese.* He sped away and entered the house.

**masula** *(oku)masula* v.tr. *maswire* to deactivate (a trap), to unset (a trap) **masulubbu** *(a)masulubbu* n.6 <from Ar. via Sw.> moustache • *Omukulu wa isomero alina amasulubbu agaboneka okusai.* The headmaster has a nice-looking moustache.

**masulya** *(oku)masulya* v.tr. *maswirye* to deactivate (a trap), to unset (a trap) • *Masulya omutego gutatega baana.* Unset that trap, it may hurt the children.

**masununu** *(a)masununu* n.6 fresh, still warm milk • *Amatai amasununu gatamba oluseru.* Fresh milk cures measles.

**masuuni** *(a)masuuni* n.6 twigs cut to feed animals during a dry season • *Embuli zirya masuuni oku kyanda.* Goats feed on tree twigs during the dry season.

**masuuya**<sup>1</sup> *(a)masuuya* n.6 (a) jowls• *Bona omusaiza owa masuuya agakooto.* Look at the man with big jowls. (b) whiskers • *Amasuuya ga kapa ganyamulai.* The cat's whiskers are long.

**masuuya**<sup>2</sup> *(a)masuuya* n.6 unfertilised eggs • *Onkoko tayatira masuuya.* A hen cannot incubate unfertilised eggs.

**maswanswabbira** *(a)maswanswabbira* n.6 (a) irritability, agitation, nervousness • *OSam musaiza wa maswanswabbira.* Sam is an easily excitable person. (b) impatience, restlessness • *Tokusobola kuwangula olw'amaswanswabbira gaamu.* You cannot succeed if you are that impatient.

**mataali** *(a)mataali* n.6 drum type (believed to have originated in the Arab countries) • *Nyegisya okukubba amataali.* Teach me how to play the Arab drums.

**matai** *(a)matai* n.6 milk • *Amatai gafiire.* The milk has gone bad.

**matalisi** *(o)matalisi* n.1a/2 (a) messenger (b) advertiser • *Oni niye matalisi wa byaitundi byaiswe.* She is the advertiser for our goods.

**matamatai** *(a)matamatai* n.6 colour of cream • *Ebbulawuzi yaamwe ya matamatai.* Her blouse is creamcoloured.

**matambuure** *(a)matambuure* n.6 whereabouts • *Tamanyisibweku matambuure gaamwe.* No one knows what is happening to him.

**matanta** *(a)matanta* n.6 arrogance, pride, self-importance • *Musaiza we olina amatanta.* You are an arrogant man.

**mataragi** *(a)mataragi* n.6 property of having gaps (e.g. between teeth) • *Amaino gaamwe ga mataragi.* He has spaced-out teeth.

**matatu** *(a)matatu* n.6 (a) playing cards • *Omwana atemwire amatatu goona.* The child has torn all the playing cards. (b) game of cards • *Abaana bakuzeenya matatu.* The children are playing cards.

**mate** *mate* adv. on all fours (of a baby crawling), like a dog • *Onkeremba wange akurunduka mate.* My baby crawls like a dog.

**mateneti** *(e)mateneti* n.9 <from En.> labour room, labour ward • *Abakali babyara mu mateneti.* Women deliver in a labour room.

**matiikira** *(a)matiikira* n.6 <from En.> graduation, graduation ceremony • *Tukwaba ku matiikira ga mutaani waamwe.* We are going to his son's graduation.

**matira** *(oku)matira* v.intr. *matiire* (a) to be satisfied • *Ndiire emere ni mmatira.* I have eaten and was satisfied. (b) to be convinced, to be persuaded • *Amatiire bye mmukobere.* He is convinced of what I have told him.

**matongo** *(a)matongo* n.6 desolate place, deserted place, uninhabited place • *Ti kisai kwikala mu matongo.* It is not right to stay in a deserted place.

**matooke** *(a)matooke* n.6 matoke • *Amatooke niyo mere egikulu omu Buganda.* Matoke is the staple food in Buganda.

**matuga** *(a)matuga* n.6 hydrocele •

*Omusaiza oyo mulwaire wa matuga.* That man is suffering from hydrocele.

**matuka** *(oku)matuka* v.intr. *matukire* to jump up suddenly, to spring up • *Kiki ekizwereireku omusaiza oyo okumatuka?* What made that man jump up suddenly?

**mawa** *(a)mawa* n.6 end, completion, conclusion, finish • *Yaikiire mu mawa ga bibuulyo.* He arrived at the end of the examination.

**mawadi** [see *maadi*]

**maweesi** *maweesi* adv. deceptively • *Timmaite lwaki akweyakalya maweesi.* I am not sure why she is behaving deceptively.

**mawemuko** *(a)mawemuko* n.6 act of a woman giving birth while still staying with her parents or when not yet married

**mawemuukirano** *(a)mawemuukirano* n.6 misfortune • *Amawemuukirano nikyo gatakuweera mu Buruuli.* That is why misfortunes occur frequently in Buruuli.

**mawugwe** *(a)mawugwe* n.6 lungs (of a human) • *Amawugwe ga mukali galwaire.* The woman's lungs are infected.

**mawuleedi** *(a)mawuleedi* n.6 Mawlid (the observance of the birthday of Islamic prophet Muhammad) • *Olwaleero mawuleedi.* Today is Mawlid.

**mawungo** *(o)mawongo* n.1a/2 mentally unstable person • *Omusaiza oyo ankumbonekera okubba omawungo.* It seems that man is mentally unstable.

**mawuro** [see *mawuuro*]

**mawuuro** *(a)mawuuro* n.6 news, newspaper • *Ayabire kuwuliirya mawuuro.* He has gone to listen to the news.

**maye** [see also *magye*] *(a)maye* n.6 military, army • *OKatumba yali muduumizi wa maye ga Uganda.* Katumba was the commander of the Ugandan army.

**mayeero** *(a)mayeero* n.6 cool pleasant weather • *Obwire bwa leero bwa mayeero.* Today the weather is cool and pleasant.

**mayenenge** *(a)mayenenge* n.6 relapse of a disease, deterioration, setback • *Okwezi kwa kasatu ni kwika amayenenge gamuluma.* When March approaches, he gets a relapse of his disease.

**mayenje** *(o)mayenje* n.1a whitespotted cow • *Onte wange mayenje.* My cow is white-spotted.

**mayikire** *(a)mayikire* n.6 fate, destiny • *Omwibbi amayikire gaamwe gaikire.* That thief's fate has finally come.

**mayimbooka** *(a)mayimbooka* n.6 (a) consciousness • *Amayimbooka gaamwe galiwo oluzwanyuma lwa naku ibiri.* He regained consciousness after two days. (b) resurrection • *Amayimbooka ga Yesu gali ampi okwika.* Jesus' resurrection is about to come. **mayingaani** *(a)mayingaani* n.6 share of the loin meat given to the

third hunter who spears the animal • *Amayingaani gaweebwa omusumiti wa kisolo owa kasatu.* The loin meat is given to the hunter who is third to spear the animal.

**mayiro** *(e)mayiro* n.9/10 <from En.> mile • *Olugendo lukyaliku emayiro isatu.* The destination is three miles away.

**mayiya** <Ruruuli> *(a)mayiya* n.6 harvest • *Amayiya ga maido gabbaawo mu kwezi kwamaido.* The groundnut harvest takes place in July.

**mayumba kumi** [see also *nyumba*] lowest administrative unit consisting of ten households

**mazima** [see *mazuma*]

**mazuba** *(a)mazuba* n.6 weeding season • *Obwire bwa mazuba butandikire.* The weeding season has started. **mazuma** *(a)mazuma* n.6 (a) truth, facts (b) honesty, frankness, sincerity • *OMusogo ata musaiza wa mazuma, akuuma ekigambo kyamwe.* Musogo is a trustworthy man, he will always keep his word.

**mbaaga** *(e)mbaaga* n.9/10 way of skinning an animal • *Abayiigi bata n'embaaga egisai.* The hunters know an appropriate way of skinning the animal.

**mbaaliita** *(o)mbaaliita* n.1a/10 person with big feet • *Ombaaliita tazwala nkaito.* A person with big feet does not wear shoes.

**mbaalwa** *(e)mbaalwa* n.9/10 millet flour • *Yaba oku kyoma oyiyeyo embaalwa.* Go to the grinding mill

and get the millet flour.

**mbaara** [see also *kimbaara*]*(o)mbaara* n.1a/10 tsetse fly • *Embaara zirwalisya omongoota.* Tsetse flies cause sleeping sickness.

**mbaata** *(o)mbaata* n.1a/10 (a) duck • *Ombaata bamusaliire abageni.* A duck was slaughtered for the visitors. (b) **mbaata wa ku maizi** goose • *E Kiel waliyo embaata za ku maizi zingi.* There are many geese in Kiel.

**mbadwa** *(o)mbadwa* n.1a/2 (a) god, spirit • *OKapimpini omwe oku mbadwa z'Abanyala.* Kapimpini is one of the gods among the Banyala. (b) communicate with gods or other spirits, to practice mediumship • *Mundeke mbandwe OKapimpini.* You should let me practice mediumship with Kapimpini.

**mbaga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)mbaga* n.9/10 (a) wedding • *Emambya tukwaba ku mbaga.* We are going to a wedding tomorrow. (b) party, celebration • *Tulina okuteekateeka embaga ya buwanguzi bwaiswe.* We need to organise a party to celebrate our victory.

**mbagalo** *(e)mbagalo* n.9/10 handbag, purse • *OBwenda atambula n'embagalo yaamwe buliizo.* Bwenda always walks with her handbag.

**mbaki** *(o)mbaki* n.1a/10 (a) African wildcat (*Felis lybica*) • *Ombaki alya enkoko.* The African wildcat eats hens. (b) wild person, uncontrollable person • *Abaana embaki basula ku nzira.* The uncontrollable children sleep on the street.

**mbalaasi** *(o)mbalaasi* n.1a/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> horse • *Ombalaasi kisolo kiiruka muno.* The horse is a very fast animal.

**mbalabe** *(e)mbalabe* n.9/10 facial pimple, acne • *Ata n'embalabe zingi omu busyo bwamwe.* She has many pimples on her face.

**mbalasaasa**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mbalasaasa* n.1a/10 variety of lizard (presumed to be aggressive and poisonous) • *Embalasaasa zibba n'obusagwa bwingi.* Mbalasaasa lizards are very poisonous.

**mbalasaasa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)mbalasaasa* n.9/10 bracelet • *Abasaiza b'airai baazwalanga embalasaasa.* Long ago men used to wear bracelets.

**mbalaza** *(e)mbalaza* n.9/10 surface • *Okonjei amera mu kifo ekifuki oku mbalaza.* The algae germinate in a cold place on the surface.

**mbali** *(e)mbali* n.9/10 side • *Ira edi oku mbali ya isomero.* Go to the other side of the school.

**mbaliga** *(e)mbaliga* n.9/10 splayed foot, duck foot • *Omusaiza alina embaliga tazeenya mupiira kusai.* A splay-footed person cannot play football properly.

**mbaliira** *(e)mbaliira* n.9/10 budget, financial plan • *Epaalamenti ewulukirye embaliira ya mwaka ogukwiza.* Parliament has passed the budget for next year.

**mbalu** *(e)mbalu* n.9/10 circumcision season, circumcision ceremony (The practice is performed every two

years and marks a teenage boy's crossing over into manhood. The candidates are usually between 10 and 18 years old and must prove that they are men by not revealing the pain during the process.) • *Abagisu bakubba akadodi oku mukolo ogwa kusala embalu.* The Bagisu play the "akadodi" during the circumcision ceremony.

**mbaluka** *(e)mbaluka* n.9/10 carcass, cadaver • *Baliire nyama ya mbaluka.* They ate meat from a carcass.

**mbalule** *(e)mbalule* n.9/10 hard alcohol, hard liquor • *Otaka muno okunywa embalule.* You like drinking hard liquor.

**mbambo** <Ruruuli> *(e)mbambo* n.9/10 skin staple, surgical staple • *Embambo ze ntaire oku kyanzo tizimaare kukireega kusai.* The skin staples are not enough to stretch the skin properly.

**mbanda** *(e)mbanda* n.9/10 chest (of a person or animal) • *Omusaiza agwire omu mbanda ya mukali waamwe.* The man hugged his wife. (lit. the man has fallen into his wife's chest.) brisket • *Abayigi tibataka kugabana mbanda.* The hunters don't want to share the brisket.

**mbandule** *(e)mbandule* n.9/10 concentrated war gin • *Embandule esobola okwita omuntu singa agyakaliirya okuginywa.* Concentrated war gin can kill a person if taken in excess.

**mbandwa** *(e)mbandwa* n.9/10 tradi-

tional god, traditional spirit • *Omwala oyo akwatiibwe ombandwa.* That girl is possessed by a spirit.

**Mbangire** *(e)Mbangire* n.1a/2 child born before his or her mother's introduction (i.e. traditional wedding) • *OMbangire baamubyaire ng'onyina akyali kuswerwa.* Mbagire was born before her mother's official introduction.

**mbanza** *(e)mbanza* n.9/10 start, beginning • *Embanza yaamwe tiyaali gyangu.* He had a difficult start.

**mbarabara** *(e)mbarabara* n.9 tick • *Embarabara zisiiga ebisolo endwaire.* Ticks transmit diseases in animals.

**mbasya** *(e)mbasya* n.9/10 sleep, way of sleeping • *Embasya ya nkeremba gyawukana oku ya mukulu.* The sleeping style of a baby is different from that of an adult.

**mbatiko** *(e)mbaya* n.9/10 (a) saucepan used for mingling millet or maize paste • *Taaku embatiko ku muuro tukuyuge.* Put the saucepan on the fire and we'll start mingling. (b) clay pot, clay bowl • *Embatiko yange gigumu.* My clay bowl is strong. **mbaya** *(e)mbaya* n.9/10 dry papyrus • *Embaya nzirukamu ebipaali.* I weave papyrus mats using dry pa-

pyrus. **mbaza** *(e)mbaza* n.9/10 manner of speaking, way of talking, pronunciation, articulation, speech pattern • *Embaza yaamu gisai.* Your way of talking is good.

**(-)mbe** part. just, only, simply (a fo-

(-)mbe

cus clitic) • *Namweterembe.* I just called him. no • *Mbe, tinaize.* No, I won't come.

**mbeera** *(e)mbeera* n.9 condition, situation, quality, kind • *Embeera gyalimu ti gisai.* The condition he is in is not good.

**mbeerera** *(e)mbeerera* n.1a/2 virgin • *Yali akyali mbeerera we yafumbiirwe.* She was a virgin when she got married.

**mbega** *(e)mbega* n.1a/2 spy, informer, agent • *Oyo mbega wa gavumenti.* That one is a government spy.

**mbego** *(e)mbego* n.9/10 seed • *Ayabire Kampala kugula mbego za kusimba.* He has gone to Kampala to buy seeds to plant.

**mbenja** *(e)mbenja* n.1a/2 terminally ill person • *Twabbaire n'ombenja omu irwaro.* We were with a terminally ill person in hospital.

**mberege** *(o)mberenge* n.1a (or 9)/10 pig • *Emberege ziriire omuwogo wange.* Pigs have eaten my cassava.

**mberenge**<sup>1</sup> *(e)mberenge* n.9 concentrated banana juice, juice which comes out in the first stage of preparing banana beer • *Omulwaire bamuwaire emberenge ya nsande.* The patient has been given concentrated banana juice.

**mberenge**<sup>2</sup> [see *mpengere*]

**mbi** *(e)mbi* n.9/10 grave • *Orufa bamuliikire mu mbi.* A dead person was buried in the grave.

**mbiire** *(e)mbiire* n.9/10 type of ba-

nana mainly used for beer or juice making • *Embiire nzikamulamu ensande.* I make juice from mbiire bananas.

**mbiki** *(o)mbiki* n.1a/10 ill omen (general name of living creature believed to foretell bad events)

**mbina** *(e)mbina* n.9/10 way of dancing, dancing style • *Embina yange teisana yaamwe.* My way of dancing differs from hers.

**mbiri** *(o)mbiri* n.1a/10 hippopotamus, hippo • *Ombiri abba mukooto muno.* The hippo is very big.

**mbirigo** *(e)mbirigo* n.9 (a) hard situation, difficulty, hardship • *Nyakaire mu mbirigo okwika ani.* I went through hardships to get this far. (b) drumming done to incite flying termites (When people want to eat flying termites, they wet the termite mound and start drumming around it. Consequently, flying termites start coming out even when they are out of season.) (c) stick-game (game played by boys that involves throwing and hitting sticks without the sticks touching the ground, similar to how tennis is played) • *Aboojo ba mu kyalo bamaite okuzeenya embirigo.* Boys who live in the village know how to play the stick-game.

**mbiro** *(e)mbiro* n.9 (a) speed • *Yayirukire mbiro muno asobole okwika yo omu bwire.* He drove very fast in order to get there on time. (b) running, athletics • *Amaite okwiruka embiro.*

He is good at running. (c) diarrhoea • *Ata n'obulwaire bwa mbiro.* He is suffering from diarrhoea. (d) **ku mbiro** speedily, hurriedly • *Emirimu gyamwe agikola ku mbiro.* He does his work speedily.

**mbiryanga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mbiryanga* n.1a/10 yellow marbled lung fish (*Protopetrus aethiopicus*)

**mbiryanga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)mbiryanga* n.9/10 type of thorny tree which resembles *Acacia sieberiana* • *Embiryanga zibba ampi n'amaizi.* Embiryanga grows near bodies of water.

**mbiso** *(e)mbiso* n.9/10 (a) burrow • *Osekesu asula mu mbiso.* The porcupine lives (lit. sleeps) in a burrow. (b) grave • *Omutumbi bagubiikiirye omu mbiso.* The corpse has been placed into the grave. (c) tunnel (d) secret, confidential information, mystery • *Omukulu wa magye yayatirye embiso ya iyanga.* The general revealed state secrets.

**mbogo** *(o)mbogo* n.1a/10 buffalo • *Ombogo abba kisolo ky'amaani.* The buffalo is a strong animal.

**mboi** *(o)mboi* n.1a/2 belligerent person • *Omboi awakula entalo ni we kitakwetagisya.* A belligerent person starts fights even where they are not called for.

**mboijana** adv. alone • *Abaamwe bamulekerewo n'asigala mboijana.* His family left him, and he remained alone.

**mboleera**<sup>1</sup> *(e)mboleera* n.9/10 rotten stem of a banana • *Emboleera bagiko-* *lesya okuziza ebituli omu sefulya.* A rotten banana stem is used to mend a leaking saucepan.

**mboleera**<sup>2</sup> adv. without waking up • *Oyo mugarai abbasirye mboleera.* The lazy one is sleeping without waking up.

**mboli** [see also *semutundu*] *(o)mboli* n.1a/10 *Bagrus docmak* (semutundu, Sudan catfish) • *Abaganda bataka muno okulya emboli.* The Baganda like eating *Bagrus docmak*.

**mboneka** *(e)mboneka* n.9 appearance, look • *Ekifo kini kita n'emboneka gisai.* This place looks good.

**mbonesyo** *(e)mbonesyo* n.9/10 sign, symptom • *Onamunywa atandikire okulanga embonesyo.* The symptoms of HIV have started to show.

**mboni** *(e)mboni* n.9/10 pupil (of an eye) • *Emboni z'amaiso gaamwe ziiragazu.* His pupils are dark.

**mbonia** *(e)mbonia* n.9 eye defect • *Abantu bata n'embonia za njawulo.* People have different eye defects.

**mbonio** *(e)mbonio* n.10 (a) glasses, spectacles• *Omusaiza ataireku embonio oku maiso.* The man is wearing glasses. (b) magnifying glass • *Olina okubba n'embonio okusobola okubona obusiisa.* You need a magnifying glass to be able to see bacteria. (c) microscope • *Eisagama akulyetejerya mu mbonio.* He is examining blood under the microscope.

**mboobo** *(e)mboobo* n.9/10 (a) tail tip • *Emboobo bagikolamu ebintu bingi.* They make many things from animal tail tips. (b) whip (made from an animal tail) • *Omusaiza atambulatambula n'emboobo yaamwe.* The man walks around with his whip.

**mbooko** *(e)mbooko* n.9/10 cane, stick • *Ndetera embooko nkubbe omwibbi.* Bring me a cane so that I can beat this thief.

**mboozi** *(e)mboozi* n.9/10 conversation, dialogue, discourse, communication • *Mbalekere bali mu mboozi ya kafubo.* I left during a serious conversation.

**mbotoito** *(e)mbotoito* n.1a/2 passive person • *Ombotoito bamuliireku emere.* The passive person missed the food.

**mbowera** *(e)mbowera* n.9/10 legcuff (used to tie the legs of an animal during milking) • *Onte mubbwe embowera tumukame.* Tie the cow with the leg-cuffs so that we can milk it.

**mboyi** *(o)mboyi* n.1a/2 harsh person • *Kibbi omuntu okubba omboyi.* It is bad for a person to be harsh.

**mbu** part. allegedly, presumably, reportedly (introduces reported speech, in contrast to nti, mbu indicates uncertainty) • *Nawuliire mbu bakwiza.* I heard that they are coming.

**mbubbu** *(e)mbubbu* n.9 tall grass with prickly spicules, thatching grass

**mbuga** *(e)mbuga* n.9/10 (a) courtyard • *Embuga za bakama zibba zigazi.* The chiefs' courtyards are always wide. (b) king's palace • *Twaba mbuga kuwa Kabaka makura.* We are going to the palace to take gifts to the king's palace. (c) headquarter • *Embuga ya disitulikiti ya Kayunga eta Ntenjeru.* The headquarters of Kayunga district are in Ntenjeru.

**mbugu** *(e)mbugu* n.9/10 type of climbing woody shrub (Paullinia pinnata) • *Embugu tizikyaboneka ebiro bini.* Paullinia pinnata is very rare these days.

**mbukuli** *(o)mbukuli* n.1a/2 foreteller, prophesier, prophet of doom (especially the one who foretells doom) • *Omagado yasimoire nk'ombukuli.* Magado spoke like a prophet of doom.

**mbulaisobooro** *(o)mbulaisobooro* n.1a/2 lazy person, weakling • *Tintaka kwereera mbulaisobooro.* I don't want to live near a lazy person.

**mbulabirenga** *(o)mbulabirenga* n.1a/2 indiscreet person • *Ombulabirenga tomukobera kya ku mwoyo.* Never tell an indiscreet person your secret.

**mbulabukoi** *(o)mbulabukoi* n.1a/2 vulgar person (lit. a person who does not fear in-laws) • *Ombulabukoi tabba n'amagezi.* A vulgar person is a fool.

**Mbulaibara** *(o)Mbulaibara* n.1a name given to a child whose father is not known • *Mbulaibara ibara eryalikibwa omwana atamaitiibweku ite waamwe.* Mbulaibara is a name given to a child whose father is not

# known.

**mbulaikoti** *(o)mbulaikoti* n.1a/2 short-necked person • *Ombulaikoti abandwire omukali omusai.* The short-necked person has married a beautiful wife.

**mbulaisoke** *(o)mbulaisoke* n.1a/2 bold baby • *Abyaire omwana ombulaisoke.* She delivered a bold baby.

**mbulakaleju** *(o)mbulakaleju* n.1a/2 youth, young person • *Abambulakaleju aba biro bini tibakutaka kukola.* Young people these days do not want to work.

**mbulakantu** *(o)mbulakantu* n.1a/2 poor person, pauper• *Bambulakantu babba ku nguudo nga bakusabiirya.* Paupers are always in the streets begging.

**mbulakyamwe** *(o)mbulakyamwe* n.1a/2 poor person, pauper • *Bambulakyamwe basula ku nguudo obwire.* Paupers sleep in the streets at night. **mbulansoni** *(o)mbulansoni* n.1a/2 shameless person, brazen person • *Ogusaiza ogumbulansoni gwasoberye oku mwana.* A rapist man defiled a child.

**mbuli** *(o)mbuli* n.1a/10 (a) goat • *Aguure embuli itaanu.* She bought five goats. (b) **mbuli buguma** female goat • *Nkutaka omperye ombuli buguma.* I request for you to give me a female goat. (c) **mbuli kaijabuleju** male goat, billy goat • *Obuguma wange abyaire ombuli kaijabuleju.* My goat has delivered a billy goat. (d) **mbuli wa bikwizi** goat covered in

thick fur • *Ombuli wa bikwizi aboneka kusai.* The goat covered in thick fur looks nice. (e) **mbuli wa kisuura** tufted goat • *Abasuuli beizira mbuli wa kisuura.* The tufted goat is the totem for Kisuuli clan.

**mbundu** *(e)mbundu* n.9/10 (a) gun, firearm • *Buli muntu bamuweerye embundu olwa byakwerinda byamwe.* Everyone should be given a gun for personal security. (b) **kubba (e)mbundu** (of a tyre) to burst • *Omupiira gukubbire embundu.* The tyre has burst.

**mburagaayo** *(o)mburagaayo* n.1a/2 weakling • *Omburagaayo atera kubba mworo.* A weakling is usually poor.

**mburamatai** *(o)omburamatai* n.1a/10 cow with insufficient production of milk • *Tindiisya nte mburamatai.* I don't rear cows that don't produce enough milk.

**mburara** *(e)mburara* n.9/10 *Hyparrhenia rufa* (soft long grass commonly used for thatching) • *Ente zitaka muno okulya emburara.* Cows like eating thatching grass.

**mbuubi** *(o)mbuubi* n.1a greyish cow with tiny white spots • *Onte wange mbuubi.* My cow is greyish with tiny white spots.

**mbuuru** *(o)mbuuru* n.1a/10 variety of matoke (East African Highland banana) believed to be the tastiest among all local varieties • *Ombuuru awooma emere.* Mbuuru makes a tasty food.

**mbwene** *(o)mbwene* n.1a/10 (a) dog • *Ombwene niye munywani wa muntu asinga.* A dog is man's best friend. (b) **mbwene muyigi** hunting dog **mbwera** [see *mbuwera*]

**mbyala** *(e)mbyala* n.9/10 way of giving birth, e.g. by caesarean section, normal birth, painless birth • *Embyala ya mukali wa Bugumirwa ya kumusemeza.* Mrs. Bugumirwa gave birth by caesarean.

**mbyali** *(o)mbyali* n.1a/2 fertile woman • *Ombyali mukali musai okuswera.* A fertile woman is good for a wife.

**mbyalo** *(e)mbyalo* n.9 number of births • *Oyo omukali wa mbyalo zingai?* How many times has that woman given birth?

**meeri** *(e)meeri* n.9/10 <from Sw.> ship • *Yaiziire ku meeri.* He came by ship.

**meeya** *(o)meeya* n.1a/2 <from En.> mayor • *Omeeya wa Nakasongola niye Kato.* The mayor of Nakasongola town is called Kato.

**meeza** *(e)meeza* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> table • *Emere eri ku meeza.* The food is on the table.

**mega** *(oku)mega* v.tr. *megere* to serve (food) • *Megera abantu emere balye mu bwire.* Serve food to the people so that they can eat in time.

**meguka** *(oku)meguka* v.intr. *megukire* to break, to break off, to crumble, to fall to pieces• *Ekikopo kimegukireku.* The cup has some pieces broken off.

**megula** *(oku)megula* v.tr. *megwire* to break off, to crumble, to fall into pieces • *Megulaku akatundu oku sukaaliguru leke tuteeke omu mwenge.* Break off a small piece of brewing sugar and put it into the local brew. **meiga** *(oku)meiga* v.intr. *meigere* to wrestle, to defeat in wrestling • *Oyo amaite okumeiga muno.* That one knows how to wrestle very well.

**meja** *(o)meja* n.1a/2 major (an army officer of high rank) • *Omeja bamukubbiire esaluti.* The major was saluted. (lit. They have made a salute for the major).

**mekai** [see *mekai*] how often, how much, how many • *Abaana abakwaba okwemba bali bamekai?* How many children are going to sing?

**meketa** *(oku)meketa* v.intr./tr. *meketere* (a) to chew noisily, to chomp, to crunch, to munch • *Omusaiza akumeketa emberenge.* The man is chewing popcorn noisily. (b) (of bones) to ache • *Amagumba gakumeketa.* My bones are aching.

**mema** *(oku)mema* v.intr. *memere* (a) (of potato or cassava) to become waterless but delicious • *Omuwogo wange atandikire okumema.* My cassava has started becoming hard and sweet. (b) to disobey, to be disobedient • *Omukali wange atandikire okumema.* My wife has started to disobey me.

**memba** *(o)memba* n.1a/2 <from En.> member • *Oni memba wa kabbuuru kaiswe.* This is a member of our

## group.

**memi** (e.g. *kimemi, gimemi*) adj. (of potato or cassava) dry but delicious • *Ebiyaata bini bimemi.* These sweet potatoes are dry but delicious.

**mengo** *(e)mengo* n.9/10 grinding stone, large grinding stone locally known as the female grinding stone • *Obwita mbusyera ku mengo.* I grind millet using a grinding stone.

**menya** *(oku)menya* v.intr./tr. *menyere* (a) to be heavy, to be of great weight • *Ekigega kikumenya.* The basket is heavy. (b) to break • *Menyamenya omusaale ogwo tusumbe.* Break that tree into pieces so that we can start cooking.

**menyeka** *(oku)menyeka* v.intr./tr. *menyekere* (a) to break • *Omwana yamenyekere okugulu ng'akuzeenya akapiira.* The child broke his leg while playing football. (b) to feel exhausted, to feel tired, to be exhausted, to be tired • *Olwaleero menyekere muno.* I feel exhausted today. (c) to struggle, to work hard • *Nkumenyeka muno enaku zini.* I am struggling a lot these days.

**mera** *(oku)mera* v.intr. *meere* (a) to germinate, to begin to grow • *Amapaapaali gatandikire okumera.* The pawpaw has started germinating. (b) to grow (e.g. hair) • *OMusiima ameere embwi.* Musiima got grey hair. (c) **mera (o)lutiko** to get goose pimples, to get goose bumps• *Yameere olutiko ni yaboine aba poliisi.* He got goose pimples when he saw the policemen. **mere** *(e)mere* n.9/10 food • *Emere yabula omu Nakasongola.* Food is scarce in Nakasongola.

**mereera** *(oku)mereera* v.intr. *mereire* (of a goat) to bleat, to cry, to scream • *Wuura ombuli n'akumereera.* Listen to the goat bleating.

**mereketenya** *(oku)mereketenya* v.tr. *mereketainye* to melt • *Abaweesi bamereketenya ebyoma.* Blacksmiths melt metals.

**meremeenya**<sup>1</sup> *(e)meremeenya* n.9 glittering, shining, glistening • *Emeremeenya ya zaabu esiisa amaiso.* The glittering of gold damages eyes. **meremeenya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)meremeenya* v.intr. *meremeenyere* to glitter, to shimmer, to glimmer • *Mboine ekikumeremeenya nk'onjoka.* I saw something shimmering like a snake.

**meruka** *(oku)meruka* v.intr. *merukire* (of seeds) to regerminate, to sprout up • *Emwani zimerukire.* The coffee seedlings have regerminated. **merya** *(oku)merya* v.tr. *meerye* to grow (in a nursery bed), to cause to grow, to raise, to put up • *Enyaanya tuzimerye mu bbeedi.* We should grow tomatoes in a nursery bed.

**mese** *(o)mese* n.1a/10 rat • *Emese zisiisa ebintu by'abantu.* Rats destroy people's property.

**mesya** [see *mesyamesya*]

**mesyamesya** *(oku)mesyamesya* v.intr. *meseryemeserye* to look beautiful, to be attractive • *ONakalebe oyo akumesyamesya.* That lady is attractive.

**miga** *(oku)miga* v.tr. *migire* (a) to press, to squeeze • *Miga ekyoya kizwemu amaara.* Squeeze around the wound to draw out the pus. (b) to oppress, to ill-treat, to tyrannise, to suppress • *Twamigiibwe kubba titwali ba iyanga lyamwe.* We were oppressed because we never belonged to his tribe.

**migiirya** *(oku)migiirya* v.tr. *migiriirye* (a) to squeeze, to squash (b) to lean heavily against • *Lwaki okuneemigiiryaku ngate waliwo ebifo ebyerere?* Why are you leaning on me heavily while there are empty seats? (c) to oppress, to ill-treat, to tyrannise, to suppress • *Egovumenti ekumigiirya abasuubuzi.* The government is oppressing the business community.

**miima** *(oku)miima* v.tr. *miimire* (a) to round up • *Omwibbi tumumiimire.* We rounded up the thief. (b) to fit tightly to • *Omwojo azwaire empale ekumumiima.* The boy is wearing tight-fitting trousers.

**miimula** *(oku)miimula* v.tr. *miimwire* to be tight on (e.g cloth, trousers) • *Akagoye kamumiimwire muno.* The clothes are tight on him.

**miisa** *(oku)miisa* v.tr. *miisire* (a) to pour • *Miisayo amaizi ago gakyafu.* Pour away that water, it is dirty. (b) to splash, to spray, to spatter • *Emotoka emumisiire amaizi ga kitunga.* A vehicle splashed him with muddy water. (c) to sprinkle • *Niye yatumiisire oburungo omu mere yai-* *swe.* He is the one who sprinkled the poison in our food. (d) to sow (especially millet, sorghum, sesame), to seed • *Omukali amiisire obwita.* The woman has sown millet. (e) **miisa (e)bigambo** to spread false rumours or information • *Onanka oyo amiisa ebigambo.* What's-his-name spreads false rumours.

**minisita** *(o)minisita* n.1a/2 <from En.> minister • *Janet Kataaha niye minisita wa byanyegesya.* Janet Kataaha is the minister of education. **minsani** *(e)minsani* n.9/10 <from En.> missionaries' headquarters • *Eminsani y'abakatoliki eri Kitaasa.* The Catholic missionaries' headquarters is in Kitaasa.

**mira** *(oku)mira* v.intr./tr. *miire* (a) to swallow, to gulp down • *Mira emere nga nkyali kukukubba.* Swallow the food before I beat you. (b) to take medicine (e.g. tablets) • *Akumira mubazi gwamwe ogwa namunywa.* She is taking her medicine for HIV/AIDS. (c) **mira mulendeera** (of a baby) to have a breathing disorder due to nasal congestion • *Omwana wa Nakato yamiire mulendeera.* Nakato's baby has a breathing disorder due to nasal congestion. (d) (of the sun) to go down • *Yafiire nga eisana limiire.* He died at dusk.

**mirambi** adv. at the foot side of the bed • *Amagulu bagalambikiirya mirambi.* The feet always face the foot side of the bed.

**mirembe** *(e)mirembe* n.4 (a) peace

• *Tuta mirembe omu Uganda.* We are at peace in Uganda. (b) peace (used as a form of greeting) • *Ewaanywe mirembe? Mirembe seregenyi.* Is there peace at your home? All is at peace.

**mirimita** *(e)mirimita* n.9/10 <from En.> millimetre • *Ekyala kyamwe kiriku obulai bwa mirimita amakumi asatu.* His finger is thirty millimetres long.

**mirimo** [see *mulimo*]

# **mirimu** [see *mulimo*]

**miringulya** *(oku)miringulya* v.tr. *miringwirye* to swallow without chewing, to devour, to gobble up • *Omusaiza akumiringulya akaita.* The man is swallowing the millet without chewing it.

**miringutya** *(oku)miringutya* v.tr. *miringutirye* to swallow loudly, to gulp, to gobble (down) • *Omukali akumiringutya amalwa nk'omusaiza wa mworonko.* The woman is gulping down beer like a greedy man.

# **mirumo** [see *mulimo*]

**misa** *(e)misa* n.9/10 church mass, church service • *Ekitambiro kya misa kiweire.* The church mass has concluded.

**misago** adv. at the head side of the bed • *Yete amagulu agataire misago omu kifo kya mirambi.* He put his legs at the head of the bed instead of putting them at the foot of the bed.

**misana** adv. at daytime • *Naiza misana nga buli omwei akumbona.* I will come during daytime when everyone can see me.

**misinde** *(e)misinde* n.4 (a) run, race, running competition • *Abaana bakusinganisya mu misinde.* The children are running in a running competition. (b) speed • *Emotoka eiruka emisinde zingi.* The car moves at high speed.

**misinga** *(e)misinga* n.4 copper• *Emisinga gizwamu waya z'amasanyalaze.* Electric wires are made from copper.

**Misiri** *(e)Misiri* n.9 Egypt • *Ntaka muno okukyaku e Misiri.* I like visiting Egypt for a while.

**mita** *(e)mita* n.9/10 <from En.> metre • *Airukire emita kikumi.* He has run one hundred metres.

**mitaafu** *(e)mitaafu* n.4 face wrinkles • *Omuntu ata n'emitaafu omu maiso.* The man has wrinkles on his face.

**mitete** *(e)mitete* n.4 peace • *Yabbanga omu kyalo kya mitete.* He lived in a peaceful village.

**mizira** *(e)mizira* n.4 euphoria, jubilation • *Baamukubbiire emizira nga aikire.* He was given a warm welcome when he arrived.

**mm** interj. okay • *Mm, naiza emambya.* Okay, I will come tomorrow. **modola** *(oku)modola* v.tr. *modoire* to open (one's eyes) with an intention of putting drugs or removing something from one's eye • *Modola eriiso nkutoolemu akasiisa.* Open your eye so that I can remove the insect.

**mogo** *(o)mogo* n.1a/10 eggplant weevil • *Omogo asiisa enjagi.* The eggplant weevil destroys eggplants.

**mogoka** *(oku)mogoka* v.intr. *mogokere* to break off • *Ekimante kimogokereku.* The wall has some pieces broken off.

**mogola** *(oku)mogola* v.tr. *mogoire* to break • *Esaani yaamu agimogoire.* He broke your plate.

**moiza** *(oku)moiza* v.intr. *moizere* (of cocks) to fight• *Enkoko zaamwe zikumoiza.* His cocks are fighting.

**mokoti** *(o)mokoti* n.1a/10 cow peas • *Omokoti mumwanike atajunda.* Dry the cow peas so that they do not rot. **moleka** *(oku)moleka* v.tr. *molekere* to flash (with a torch), to light (with a torch) • *Tukwaba ne tooki kumoleka nswa oku kiswa.* We are going with a torch to light the termites at the termite mound.

**molokoni** *(o)molokoni* n.1a/10 cooked hoof • *Aboojo ba kuni bataka muno okulya omolokoni.* Boys from this area like eating cooked hooves. **mondo** *(o)mondo* n.1a/10 serval (a wild cat native to Africa)• *Emondo zirya enkoko.* The serval cat eats hens. **mongoota** *(o)mongoota* n.1a/10 sleeping sickness, African trypanosomiasis • *Omongoota bulwaire buleetebwa bibaara.* Sleeping sickness is caused by the tsetse fly.

**moo** ideo. moo (the characteristic deep vocal sound of a cow) • *Ente ziŋooŋa 'moo'.* Cows say 'moo'.

**moose** *(a)moose* n.6 necklace made out of seeds • *Abakali bataka muno okuzwala amoose.* Women like wearing necklaces made of seeds.

**moozoola** *(oku)moozoola* v.intr. *moozoire* to look slyly • *Bona omukali n'akumoozoola amaiso nka omwibbi.* Look at that woman looking slyly like a thief.

**moso** (e.g. *gumoso, lumoso*) left • *Ira oku lubaju olumoso niwo aikaire.* Turn to the left, that is where he sits. **motoka** *(e)motoka* n.9/10 car • *Emotoka yaamwe ekairikire.* His car broke down. (of eye discharge) to flow in large quantities• *Amaiso gaamwe gakumotoka.* A lot of discharge is coming out of his eyes.

**mpaabi** *(e)mpaabi* n.9/10 court fee, case registration fee, fee paid by a plaintiff before a trial • *Sasula esente za mpaabi.* Pay the court registration fee.

**mpaado** *(e)mpaado* n.9/10 (a) spoonshaped tool (used to smoothen pieces of pottery especially the inside part) • *Mpeeryaku empaado yange nyoyoote ekinaga.* Please give me my spoon-shaped tool so that I can smoothen the pot. (b) **kubba (e)mpaado** to smooth (the inside of a pot), to make even • *Omubumbi akukubba mpaado.* The potter is smoothing the pot.

**mpaaliiko** *(e)mpaaliiko* n.10 Nile perch bait, bait used for fishing the Nile perch • *Bakumbainie empaaliiko zidyoli.* They collected some bait for fishing Nile perch.

**mpaano** *(e)mpaano* n.9/10 repayment (a gift given in return of

a gift one recieved earlier)

**mpaaraki** *(o)mpaaraki* n.1a/10 Ugandan kob (*Kobus kob thomasi*) • *Ompaaraki ayiruka muno.* The Ugandan kob runs very fast.

**mpaata** *(e)mpaata* n.9/10 bald head, baldness • *Empaata zibba na baguuda.* Rich people have bald heads.

**mpadi** adv. there • *Ayabire mpadi ampi n'ekanisa.* He has gone there close to the church.

**mpafu** *(e)mpafu* n.9/10 African elemi (*Canarium schweinfurthii*) • *Empafu ziwoomera ebinyonyi.* The African elemi tastes good to birds.

**mpagama** *(e)mpagama* n.9 fish bone stuck in the throat • *Yaalyanga n'akwatibwa empagama.* He got a fish bone stuck in his throat while he was eating.

**mpagi** *(e)mpagi* n.9/10 (a) mast, pole • *Ebbendera tuzita ku mpagi.* We raise flags on masts. (b) centre pole (of a house) • *Enyumba ya isubi eteekwa okubbaamu empagi.* A grassthatched house must have a centre pole. (c) pillar • *Obusiraamu bulina empagi itaanu.* There are five pillars of Islam. (d) **mpagi ya nyindo** philtrum, nose ridge • *Empagi ya nyindo yaamwe girwaire.* His philtrum has an infection.

**mpaima** *(e)mpaima* n.9/10 dyspnoea, state of breathlessness, being short of air e.g. after running very fast, difficult breathing • *Omwiruki yairukire n'afuna empaima.* The athlete ran and got out of breath.

**mpairume** *(o)mpairume* n.1a/10 big he-goat • *OMukalasa ampaire ompairume wa mbuli.* Mukalasa has given me a big he-goat.

**mpaka** *(e)mpaka* n.9/10 (a) heated argument • *Mbaakaireku adi nga bali mu mpaka.* I walked past them when they were having a heated argument. (b) competition • *Baabire mu mpaka za kwemba.* They have gone to a singing competition. (c) stubborness, obstinacy • *Ota n'empaka zingi.* You are very stubborn.

**mpaki** *(o)mpaki* n.1a/10 pregnant heifer • *Ompaki wange bamwibbire.* My pregnant heifer has been stolen. **mpakwa** *(e)mpakwa* n.9/10 sticks which support hunting net • *Ekitimba kya bayiigi kibbaaku empakwa ezikuleega ekitimba.* The net has support sticks which hold it straight. **mpalala** *(e)mpalala* n.9/10 grasshopper• *Abaana abato bataka muno okuzeenyesya empalala.* Children like playing with grasshoppers.

**mpalana** *(e)mpalana* n.9 hatred, hate, hostility • *Weewale empalana n'abantu.* Avoid hating others.

**mpale** *(e)mpale* n.9/10 (a) generic name for bottom wear (e.g. trousers, shorts, nicker, pants) (b) **mpale gimpi** shorts • *Abaana ba primary bazwala empale zimpi.* Primary school pupils wear shorts. (c) **mpale irai** trousers • *Omusaiza omukulu ateekwa kuzwala mpale girai ti gimpi omu bantu.* Grownups wear trousers. (d) **mpale za mpee-** **ka** trousers with suspenders • *Abazungu bataka okuzwala empale za mpeeka.* White people like wearing trousers with suspenders.

**mpalemule** *(e)mpalemule* n.9/10 scarecrow • *Omu ndumiro bataamu empalemule okugoba ebinyonyi.* They put up scarecrows to scare away birds.

**mpalendai** *(e)mpalendai* n.9/10 trousers • *Eirai abakali tibazwalanga mpalendai omu Uganda.* In the past women used to not wear trousers in Uganda.

**mpambo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)mpambo* n.9/10 pumpkin seed • *Empambo balya zisiike.* Pumpkin seeds are eaten roasted.

**mpambo**<sup>2</sup> <Lunyala> *(e)mpambo* n.9/10 skin staple, surgical staple **mpampara** *TODO* n. not enough breast milk • *Omukali ata mpampara.*

The woman has little breast milk.

**mpanama** *(e)mpanama* n.9/10 inguinal hernia, hydrocele • *Omusaiza odi mulwaire wa mpanama.* That man is suffering from an inguinal hernia.

**mpanda** *(e)mpanda* n.9/10 (a) catapult, slingshot • *Akolesya mpanda okukubba obunyonyi.* He uses a catapult to shoot birds. (b) **kubba (e)mpanda** to shoot with a catapult • *Nje mmaite okukubba empanda.* I know how to shoot with a catapult.

**mpande** *(e)mpande* n.9/10 (a) bambara groundnut (*Vigna subterranea*) • *Ompande awooma okusinga amaido.* Bambara groundnuts taste

better than ordinary groundnuts. (b) **bba kwa mpande kwa nkoole** to be undecided, to be irresolute • *Ali kwa mpande kwa nkoole.* He is undecided.

**mpandiika** *(e)mpandiika* n.9/10 (a) handwriting • *Empandiika yaamwe gisai.* His handwriting is good. (b) orthography • *Empandiika ya Ruruuli-Lunyala tetongozebwanga.* The Ruruuli-Lunyala orthography is not yet officially recognised.

**mpandu** *(e)mpandu* n.9/10 banana sucker • *Empandu zikyali zidooli oku musiri guni.* There are still few banana suckers in this garden.

**mpanga** *(o)mpanga* n.1a/10 cockerel, cock, rooster • *Omugeni namuwaire ompanga wa nkoko.* I gave a cock to the visitor.

**mpango** *(e)mpango* n.9 coronation, enthronement • *Baabire ku mpango ya Bunyoro.* They have gone for the anniversary of the Bunyoro coronation.

**mpanguzi** *(o)mpanguzi* n.1a/10 cockerel, cock, rooster • *Abaibbi baibbire empanguzi zange ikumi.* The thieves stole ten of my cockerels.

**mpani** adv. here • *Abbaire aikala mpani obwomi bwamwe bwona.* He has been living here all his life.

**mpanji** *(e)mpanji* n.9/10 big boat • *Yaguure empanji atibuni muguuda.* He bought a big boat, he is now very rich.

**mpanya** *(o)mpanya* n.1a/10 he-goat • *Tintaka kuliisya mpanya kubba zi-* *wunya.* I don't want to rear he-goats because they smell bad.

**mpasa** *(e)mpasa* n.9/10 axe • *Ndetera empasa yange nyatye omusaale guni.* Bring me my axe so that I can chop this tree.

**mpawa** *(e)mpawa* n.9/10 type of water hyacinth • *Ebinage bisula mu mpawa.* Tilapias live under the water hyacinth.

**mpawo** adv. there • *Ebiyimba biri mpawo twala ebikukumala.* The beans are there, take as much as you wish.

**mpawu** *(e)mpawu* n.9/10 small flying termites (They are edible and fly towards morning.) • *Abanyala balya muno empawu.* The Banyara often eat small flying termites.

**mpaya** *(o)mpaya* n.1a/10 he-goat • *Ntaka kugula mpaya wa mbuli.* I would like to buy a he-goat.

**mpazi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mpazi* n.1a/10 protruding tooth • *Omusaiza oyo wa mpazi.* That man has protruding teeth.

**mpazi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mpazi* n.1a/10 red ant • *Empazi zikoora amwei.* Red ants work together.

**mpedyai** *(e)mpedyai* n.1a/2 bridesmaid • *OJackson yapangisire empedyai amakumi ataanu oku mbaga yaamwe.* Jackson hired fifty bridesmaids for his wedding.

**mpeefu** *(e)mpeefu* n.9/10 large edible mushroom • *Empeefu ziwooma okusinga enyama.* Large mushrooms are tastier than meat.

**mpeeka** *(e)mpeeka* n.10 suspenders•

*Naguure empeeka za mpale yange.* I bought suspenders for my trousers. **mpeera** *(e)mpera* n.9/10 reqard, payment • *"Weebale weebale" mpeera ya mugembi.* "Thank you, thank you!" is the barber's reward. (a proverb) **mpeetu** <Ruruuli> *(e)mpeetu* n.9/10 whistle (made by using hands) • *Naani oyo akufuuwa empeetu?* Who is whistling using their hands? **mpeke** *(e)mpeke* n.9/10 (a) grain, kernel, seed • *Aleetere empeke za biduuma kusimba.* He brought maize seeds to plant. (b) tablet, pill • *OJoan alina okumira empeke zaamwe kusai ni yabba wakuwona mangu.* Joan

will need to take her tablets regularly if she is to recover quickly.

**mpeku** *(o)mpeku* n.1a/10 type of white mushroom small in size

**mpemba** *(e)mpemba* n.10 recovering, improving • *Omulwaire atandikire okukubba ku mpemba.* The patient is slowly improving.

**mpenda** *(e)mpenda* n.9/10 solution, way out, fix • *Nkutema mpenda kuzwa mu bworo.* I am trying to come up with a solution to get out of poverty.

**mpene** *(e)mpene* n.9/10 cleft lip • *Abyaire omwana owa mpene.* She delivered a baby with a cleft lip.

**mpengere** *(e)mpengere* n.9/10 (a) roasted maize • *Abaana ba isomero bataka muno okulya empengere.* Students like eating roasted maize. (b) popcorn, dried maize (c) halfpounded cooked maize • *Oku nzala*

*abantu balya empengere.* People eat half-pounded cooked maize during a famine.

**mpere** *(o)mpere* n.1a/10 sprat • *Empere zitamba oluseru.* Sprats cure measles.

**mpereketu** *(o)mpereketu* n.1a/10 type of edible wild fruit with a bean inside

**mperewere** *(e)mperewere* n.9/10 <from Latin> *Acalypha bipartita* • *Emperewere bazirukamu bisira. Acalypha bipartita* is used for making baskets.

**mpero** *(e)mpero* n.9/10 border • *Ayabire ku mpero ya Uganda ne Kenya n'aira.* He went to the border between Uganda and Kenya and came back.

**mpeta** *(e)mpeta* n.9/10 (a) ring • *Abagole babajwekere empeta oku byala.* The rings have been put onto the fingers of the bride and bridegroom. (b) (of a bicycle) nut • *Empeta ya gaali egwire.* One of the bicycle's nuts is lost.

**mpewo** *(e)mpewo* n.10 (a) air • *Igulawo olwige tufune empewo egisai.* Open the door and let's get some fresh air. (b) coldness • *Obwire bwa mpewo busaana kunywa caayi wa kaawa.* In cold weather, one should drink hot coffee. (c) supernatural power • *Omusaiza aliku empewo.* The man is possessed by a supernatural power. (d) oxygen • *Enyumba yaamwe teyngiryamu mpewo ya bwomi ekumala.* His house does not

let in enough oxygen.

**mpi** (e.g. *kimpi, bimpi, kampi*) adj. short, small • *Abakonjo bantu bampi.* The Bakonjo are short people.

**mpiiga** *(e)mpiiga* n.10 (a) envy, jealousy • *Abaana bata n'empiiga oku bairaamwe.* The children are envious of their friends. (b) pushy behaviour, aggressive behavior • *OByakanca ata n'empiiga.* Byakanca is aggressive.

**mpiiriko** *(e)mpiiriko* n.9/10 roe • *Empiiriko za ndu ziwooma muno.* Lungfish roe is very tasty.

**mpiita** *(e)mpiita* n.9 (a) heat, warmth, high temperature • *Okwa ikendi enyumba yange ebbaamu empiita.* My house stays warm during the rainy season. (b) temperature • *Empiita ya mwana eniinire.* The baby's temperature has gone up. (c) excitement • *Omukolo gwabbaire gwa mpiita.* The function was full of excitement. (d) pressure • *Nkinukwire efulasika n'ezwamu empiita gingi.* I opened the flask, and it released a lot of pressure.

**mpiiya** *(e)mpiiya* n.10 money • *Alina empiiya zingi.* He has a lot of money. **mpiiyi** *(e)mpiiyi* n.9 (a) belch, burp • *Otakubbira mpiiyi mu bantu.* Don't belch in public. (b) **kubba (e)mpiiyi** to belch, to burp • *Omusaiza oyo akubba muno empiiyi.* That man often belches bad air.

**mpike** *(e)mpike* n.9/10 termite mound • *Yaba onyaale oku mpike.* Go and urinate on a small termite

mound.

**mpimpini** [see *mpimpiri*]

**mpimpiri** *(o)mpimpiri* n.1a/2 short person • *Oibaamwe mpimpiri.* Her husband is very short.

**mpindu** *(e)mpindu* n.9/10 porcupine quill • *Ataire empindu omu isoke.* He has put a porcupine quill in his hair. **mpinduka** *(e)mpinduka* n.9/10 change, alteration, transformation • *Ntandikire okubona empinduka omu kusoma kwa mwana.* I have noticed a change in the child's learning.

**mpindukainduka** *(e)mpindukainduka* n.9/10 fundamental change • *Empindukainduka zitandika mpola.* Fundamental changes come slowly.

**mpindula** *(e)mpindula* n.9/10 translation, interpretation • *Empindula ya kitabo kini gisai.* The translation of this book is good.

**mpiri** *(o)mpiri* n.1a/10 snake • *Nyajiirye ompiri omu nzira.* I found a snake in the road.

**mpiriginyi** *(o)mpiriginyi* n.1a/10 very short person • *Ompiriginyi abbaire ani ata n'amagezi gaingi.* The very short person who was here is very clever.

**mpiriiko** *(e)mpiriiko* n.9/10 quarrel, disagreement, controversy, dispute • *Empiriiko eziri ewaanywe zikusigikira ku kiki?* What causes quarrels among you?

**mpirima** *(e)mpirima* n.9/10 sword • *Ntambula n'empirima yange buli gye nyaba.* I take my sword along everywhere I go. traditional double edged

knife (used to punish adulteresses) • *Empirima bazikolesyanga okubonereza abakali abasiiyani.* A traditional double-edged knife was used to punish adulterous women.

**mpisa** *(e)mpisa* n.9/10 (a) practice • *Empisa ya kusasula omutwalo eri ampi mu buli iyanga omu Uganda.* The practice of paying a bride price is present in almost every culture in Uganda. (b) discipline, good manners, good behaviour • *Ekisinga omu bufumbo zibba mpisa.* What is most important in a marriage is discipline. **mpiso** *(e)mpiso* n.9/10 (a) needle • *Leeta empiso ndaabirize engoye zange.* Get me a needle and I'll mend my clothing. (b) injection • *Omulwaire wa kasubba bamusaliire empiso nkaaga.* A tuberculosis patient was prescribed sixty injections. (c) syringe • *Omu malwaro ndoomu mpiso abasawu zibakusobola okukolesya.* There are no syringes in hospitals which the doctors can use.

**mpiti** *(o)mpiti* n.1a/10 hyena • *Ompiti abba n'amairu gaingi.* The hyena is a greedy animal.

**mpocai** *(e)mpocai* n.9/10 green gram, mung bean (*Phaseolus aureus*) • *Empocai bazigaita n'ebiyaata ni bakola omugoyo.* Green grams are mixed with potatoes to make a paste locally known as mugoyo.

**mpoigole** *(o)mpoigole* n.1a/2 person who does not take advice, stubborn person • *Ompoigole tawuura makobo.* A stubborn person does not take advice.

**mpola** adv. slowly, calmly • *Oitimba akokwotoka mpola.* The python crawls slowly.

**mpolobbobbo** *(o)mpolobbobbo* n.1a/10 small black flying termites (not edible) • *Empolobbobbo tibazirya.* Small black flying termites are not edible.

**mpologoma** *(o)mpologoma* n.1a/10 lion • *Ompologoma kabonero akalanga obuyinza bwa mukama wa Buganda.* The lion symbolises the power of the king of Buganda.

**mpolomi** *(o)mpolomi* n.1a talkative person, chatty person • *Kanja okubba ompolomi.* Stop being so talkative.

**mpolomolo** <Lunyala> *(o)mpolomolo* n.1a/10 evil spirit • *Empolomolo ziita abantu.* Evil spirits kill people.

**mpolwe** *(e)mpolwe* n.9/10 final stage in the process of making finger millet, which is a local brew • *Amalwa gange mpolwe.* My finger millet beer has reached the final stage.

**mpolya** *(e)mpolya* n.9/10 way of cooling • *Empolya ya maizi ga mucupa titwagisiimire.* We disapproved of how the bottled water was cooled.

**mpomero** *(e)mpomero* n.9/10 ghee pot • *Amagita nga taire mu mpomero.* I have put the ghee in a ghee pot. **mpompogoma** *(e)mpompogoma* n.9/10 deep hole, pit, hollow • *Oiza kugwa omu mpompogoma.* You will fall into a deep hole.

**mponda** *(e)mponda* n.9 way of

pounding • *Emponda ya maido ebba gindi ku ya mwani.* The way to pound groundnuts is different from the way to pound coffee.

**mpondo** *(e)mpondo* n.9/10 (a) horn (used during hunting), whistle (an instrument used for whistling) • *Naani oyo akufuuwa empondo?* Who is blowing the horn? (b) whistling with hands • *Okufuuwa empondo kyetaagisa kutendekebwa kwingi.* Whistling using one's hands requires a lot of training.

**mpooza** *(e)mpooza* n.9 tax • *Empooza eyakaliriirye omu Uganda.* Taxes are exorbitant in Uganda.

**mpotokwa** *(o)mpotokwa* n.1a/10 half-smoked item (e.g. a fish), partially smoked item, partially dry item • *Mpeerya oncwi nga mpotokwa.* Give me the half-smoked fish.

**mpozi** adv. by the way • *Mpozi obba ayi?* By the way, where do you stay? **mpuku** *(e)mpuku* n.9/10 cave • *Abantu abairai babbanga mu mpuku.* Long ago people used to live in caves.

**mpuli**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mpuli* n.1a/2 lucky person, fortunate person • *Abbaire n'empuli buliizo n'emotoka yaamwe egikaire.* He has always been lucky with his old car.

**mpuli**<sup>2</sup> *(e)mpuli* n.9/10 painless lump on one's forehead • *OWaswa alina empuli oku mutwe.* Waswa has a painless lump on his forehead.

**mpulikisyo** *(e)mpulikisyo* n.9/10 microphone • *Akubazira ku mpulikisyo.* He is speaking using a microphone.

**mpuliziganya** *(e)mpuliziganya* n.9/10 media, communication • *Empuliziganya akati waiswe tekyaliwo.* There is still no communication between us.

**mpulubaire** *(o)mpulubaire* n.1a/2 deaf-mute • *Ompulubaire abba tawuura ate tabaza.* A deaf-mute person can neither hear nor talk.

**mpulugumi** *(o)mpulugumi* n.1a/2 bachelor• *Ompulugumi taweebwa kitiinisya mu buwangwa bwa Baruuli.* A bachelor is never respected among the Baruuli.

**mpulukya** *(e)mpulukya* n.9/10 expenditure, expense • *Empulukya ya gavumenti ya Uganda gikooto okusinga enyingirya.* The government of Uganda's expenditure is far bigger than its income.

**mpulula** *(e)mpulula* n.9 way of pulling • *Eno empulula ya mbuli yeeleetere obuzibu.* The way of pulling the goat caused this problem.

**mpuluusuulyo** *(e)mpuluusuulyo* n.9/10 noose, running knot • *Taaku empuluusuulyo ku mugwa.* Put a running knot on the rope.

**mpumbu** *(e)mpumbu* n.9 (a) dust • *Enyumba yaamwe erimu empumbu.* There is a lot of dust in his house. (b) pollen • *Ekimuli tikisobola kumulisa nga tikirina mpumbu.* A flower cannot flower without pollen.

**mpumi** *(e)mpumi* n.9/10 frontal bossing (a prominent, protruding forehead) • *Alina empumi egikooto.* He has a frontal bossing which is very big.

**mpunda** *(e)mpunda* n.9/10 type of speargrass (*Heteropogon contortus*) • *Ente nziriisirye mpunda.* I fed the cows with *Heteropogon contortus*.

**mpungi** *(o)mpungi* n.1a/10 refugee, asylum seeker • *Uganda erina empungi zingi.* There are many refugees in Uganda.

**mpungo** *(o)mpungo* n.1a/10 (a) wind • *Ompungo mwingi enzai.* There is a lot of wind outside. (b) radio wave • *Empungo za ladiyo eyo tiziika waiswe.* Radio waves don't reach our area.

**mpunusuuryo** *(e)mpunusuuryo* n.9/10 noose • *Naani amaite okukola empunuusuryo?* Who knows how to make a noose?

**mpurungutya** *(e)mpurungutya* n.9 way of pounding • *Empurungutya ya maido yabbaire gisai.* The way of pounding groundnuts was good.

**mputa** *(o)mputa* n.1a/2 dull person • *Baitu musaiza we oli mputa!* What a pity that you are a dull person!

**mpuucu** *(e)mpuucu* n.9/10 tyre sandal • *Akuzwala mpuucu.* He is wearing tyre sandals.

**mpuuju** *(e)mpuuju* n.9/10 (a) dry bark of a tree • *Omusaale guzwireku empuuju.* Dry bark has peeled off the tree. (b) tyre sandal • *Omukali azwaire empuuju.* The woman is wearing a pair of tyre sandals.

**mpuule** *(e)mpuule* n.9/10 (a) grain of a cereal • *Ompuule wa bwita amu-* *gwire omu maiso.* The millet grain fell into his eye. (b) coarse particles of grain which remain after grinding or pounding • *Gondya ebinyoobwa biweemu empuule.* Pound the groundnut so that there are no more coarse particles.

**mpuuli** *(o)mpuuli* n.1a/10 bush duiker • *Ompuuli airuka muno.* The bush duiker runs very fast.

**mpuumula** *(e)mpuumula* n.9 (a) way of resting • *Empuumula yaamu yeewuunyisya!* The way you rest is amazing! (b) way of breathing • *Empuumula ya mulwaire ti gisai.* The patient's breathing is not good.

**mpuuro** *(o)muuro* n.1a/2 absentminded person • *Omusaiza oyo mpuuro.* That man is absentminded.

**mpuuta** *(o)mpuuta* n.1a/10 Nile perch (*Lates niloticus*) • *Ompuuta abba munoli.* The Nile perch is fatty. **mpuuwe** *(o)mpuuwe* n.1a/2 short and small person, petite person • *Mukali wa maani gonze nga mpuuwe.* She is a very strong woman despite being short and small.

**mpwise** *(o)mpwise* n.1a/2 forgetful person • *Omukaire oyo afookere mpwise.* That old woman became very forgetful.

**mpyo** *(o)mpyo* n.1a/10 crocodile • *Ompyo abba n'amaino kinaanai.* A crocodile has eighty teeth.

**mpyora** *(e)mpyora* n.9/10 vitiligo (a condition in which the pigment is lost from areas of the skin, causing whitish patches, often with no clear cause) • *Odi mulwaire wa mpyora.* He is suffering from vitiligo.

**mu** prep. (a) in, into • *Aingiire mu nyumba.* He entered the house. (b) to • *Yaabire irai omu kanisa.* He has already gone to church. (c) from • *Azwire mu katale.* He came from the market. (d) through • *Awulukiire mu mulyango guni.* He has passed through this door. (e) **mu maiso** ahead • *Yaba omu maiso oibbe, bakwiza kukwita!* Go ahead and steal, they will kill you!

**mu-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of the second person plural on verbs

**mu-**<sup>2</sup> pf. object agreement prefix of class 1 on verbs

**mu-**<sup>3</sup> subject agreement of class 18 on verbs

**mubaagi** *(o)mubaagi* n.1/2 skinner • *Omubaagi afuna enyama yabwerere.* A skinner gets free meat.

**mubaizi** *(o)mubaizi* n.1/2 carpenter • *Omubaizi oyo abaiza kusai.* That carpenter makes superb carpentry.

**mubaizibaizi** *(o)mubaizibaizi* n.1/2 inexperienced carpenter • *Oyo mubaizibaizimbe.* That one is just an inexperienced carpenter.

**mubakiri** *(o)mubakiri* n.1/2 intruder, invader • *Omubakiri ataka muno okwingiriira ebitakumukwataku.* An intruder never minds his own business. (lit. An intruder very much wants to interfere with what does not concern him.)

**mubala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mubala* n.3/4 (a) clan slogan (involves drumbeats and recited words) • *Wuura omubala gukutuuta.* Listen to the clan slogan being played. (b) type of drum used during ceremonial occasions (each clan has its own characteristic mubala)

**mubaliya** *(o)mubaliya* n.1/2 seaman, sailor • *Ababaliya bakoli ba ku meeri.* Seamen work on ships. (lit. Seamen are workers of ships.)

**mubandwa** *(o)mubandwa* n.1/2 traditional pries • *Ababandwa batambira onkoko nk'ekiwongwa.* Traditional priests offer a chicken as a sacrifice.

**mubazakangura** *(o)mubazakangura* n.1/2 straightforward person • *Omubazakangura tabba wa lugambo.* A straightforward person is not a rumourmonger.

**mubazi** *(o)mubazi* n.3/4 (a) potion, herb, medicine • *Okibandwa awaire omukali omubazi gwa bwende.* This medicine cured the pregnant woman. (b) medicine, drug, medication, cure • *Omubazi guni gutambire omukazi wa nda.* The traditional priest gave the woman a love potion. **mubaziiri**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mubaziiri* n.1/2 (a) master of ceremonies, MC • *Omubaziiri atandikire omulumu gwamwe.* The master of ceremonies has started his job. (b) spokesperson • *Oyo niye mubaziiri wa kitongole.* That one is the spokesperson of the department.

**mubaziiri**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mubaziiri* n.1/2 tailor, dressmaker • *Omubaziiri wa ngoye odi muyaaye.* That tailor is a trickster.

**mubbanulo** *(o)mubbanulo* n.3/4 gift from in-laws • *Omukali wange aizire n'emibbanulo gingi.* My wife came back with a lot of gifts from my inlaws.

**mubbombora** *(o)mubbombora* n.1/2 slave • *Leka kunyakalya nka omubbombora.* Don't treat me like a slave.

**mubbooli** *(o)mubbooli* n.1/2 liar, deceiver • *OSolomon mubbooli, yabeyegere oite waamwe.* Solomon is a liar, he lied to his father.

**Mubboopi** *(o)Mubboopi* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Elephant totem • *E Nakasongola waliyo ababboopi baingi muno.* There are many members of the Elephant clan in Nakasongola.

**mubbuwe** [see also *mubbwe*] *(o)mubbuwe* n.1/2 prisoner, convict, detainee • *Ababbuwe babatwaire mu kooti.* The prisoners were presented to the court.

**mubbwe** [see also *mubbuwe*] *(o)mubbwe* n.1/2 prisoner, convict, detainee • *Ocaci yeena abba mubbwe.* The head prisoner is still a prisoner. **mubembe** *(o)mubembe* n.1/2 leper • *OYesu yatambire omubembe omu biro bidi.* Long ago Jesus cured a leper.

**mubeyegi** *(o)mubeyegi* n.1/2 liar, deceiver • *Oli mubeyegi mwenyenere.* You are a typical liar.

**mubigiza** *(o)mubigiza* n.1/2 (a) mediator, go-between • *Atuwairwe bamu-* *londere nk'omubigiza wa Mulimisya n'oNaluyulu.* Atuhairwe was chosen to be the mediator between Omulimisya and Naluyulu. (b) moderator • *Buli ngango ebbaaku omubigiza.* Every meeting must have a moderator. (c) master of ceremonies, MC • *Omubigiza wa mbaga yaabwe yabbaire tamaite kubigiza.* The master of ceremonies for their wedding was not good. (d) speaker • *OKadaaga niye mubigiza wa paalamenti Uganda.* Kadaaga is the parliament speaker of Uganda.

**mubiiki** *(o)mubiiki* n.1/2 treasurer • *Omubiiki niye airukanya empiiya za kampuni.* A treasurer administers a company's money.

**mubiikira** *(o)mubiikira* n.1/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> catholic nun • *Ababiikira tibasumbirwa.* Nuns do not marry.

**Mubiito** *(o)Mubiito* n.1/2 (a) a member of the Biito dynasty • *Obukama bwa Babiito bwalikire irai.* The Biito dynasty collapsed long time ago. (b) male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck or Lion totem • *Oku kyalo kini kuliku oMubiito?* Is there any person in the village who belongs to the Bushbuck clan?

**mubini** *(o)mubini* n.1/2 dancer • *Omubini oyo tamaite kubina.* That dancer is inexperienced.

**mubiniki** *(o)mubiniki* n.1/2 porter • *Ababiniki basasulwa kidooli gonze nga beetika biremeeri muno.* Porters are usually paid little, although they carry heavy loads.

**mubiri** *(o)mubiri* n.3/4 (a) body • *Wa mubiri gukooto.* He is big-bodied. (b) **mubiri (o)gubbi** unlucky person • *Owa mubiri ogubbi n'afuna onte afambe.* When an unlucky person gets a cow, it just dies. (c) skin (of a human) • *Omubiri gwamwe gukwenyi.* His skin is pale. (d) fever, malaria • *Omubiri gukunduma.* I am suffering from malaria.

**mubisi** *(o)mubisi* n.3 juice • *Omubisi ogwakanyunkibwa gubba gusai okunywa.* Fresh juice is good for drinking.

**muboni** *(o)muboni* n.1/2 spectator • *Ababoni abayabire e Nakivubo balwaniireyo.* The spectators who went to Nakivubo stadium fought there.

**mubu** *(o)mubu* n.3/4 mosquito • *Emibu zingi egulu.* Mosquitoes cause malaria.

**mubudami** *(o)mubudami* n.1/2 refugee, asylum seeker • *Abaswagani ba bubudami baingi omu Uganda.* There are many refugees in Uganda. **mubuguzi** *(o)mubuguzi* n.1/2 dog inciter (person who incites dogs to scare an animal during hunting) • *Ombuguzi abuguza kisolo omu kuyiiga.* The dog inciter incites an animal during hunting.

**mubumbi** *(o)mubumbi* n.1/2 potter • *Omubumbi waawo mukaire takyasobola kubumba.* That potter is old, he no longer makes pottery.

**mubundabunda** *(o)mubundabunda*

n.1/2 refugee • *Enkambi ya Kicwabujingo erimu ababundabunda baingi.* The camp at Kicwabujingo is full of refugees.

**mubuulizi** *(o)mubuulizi* n.1/2 priest, preacher, minister, clergyman • *Omubuulizi aingiire omu iramyo.* The preacher entered the temple.

**mubuulo** *(o)mubuulo* n.3/4 seasonal market • *Atundira mu katale ka mubuulo.* He sells goods at a seasonal market.

**mubuzugi** *(o)mubuzugi* n.1/2 commanding hunter, person who heads the hunting • *Oyo ereero niye mubuzugi.* That one is the hunting commander today.

**Mubwijwa** *(o)Mubwijwa* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Hippopotamus totem • *Omukama wa Buduuli ata mubwijwa.* The king of Buruuli hails from the Hippopotamus clan.

**mubyaire** *(o)mubyaire* n.1/2 parent • *Tamaite babyaire baamwe.* She does not know her parents.

**mubyale** *(o)mubyale* n.1/2 person native (to a place), person born (in a place) • *Ndi mubyale wa kuni.* I am a native of this place.

**mubyali** *(o)mubyali* n.1/2 fertile woman • *Omukali oni mubyali.* This woman is fertile.

**mubyalisya** *(o)mubyalisya* n.1/2 midwife, doula • *Omubyalisya abyalisirye omukali.* A midwife helped the woman to deliver.

**mubyamo** *(o)mubyamo* n.3 meningi-

tis • *Omwana akwatiibwe obulwaire bwa mubyamo.* The child is suffering from meningitis.

**mubyangatani** *(o)mubyangatani* n.1/2 undecided, indecisive person • *Onankorogo buliizo abba mubyangatani.* Nankorogo is always undecided.

**Mubyasi** *(o)Mubyasi* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Reedbuck totem • *Ababyasi beizira njaza.* Abanyasi belong to the Reedbuck totem.

**mucaamu** *(o)mucaamu* n.3/4 neighbourhood • *Abaana ba ku mucaamu gwani tibasoma.* The children in this neighbourhood do not go to school.

**mucanga** *(o)mucanga* n.3 lake sand • *Omucanga ngwombokesya nyumba.* I use lake sand to build houses.

**muceeno** *(o)muceeno* n.3/4 curse, spell • *Omuceeno ogwo gubatambuuraku omu famire yaabwe.* That curse runs in their family.

**muceere** *(o)muceere* n.3 <from Sw.> rice • *Omuceere ti mere ya Baruuli.* Rice is not the Baruuli's staple food.

**Muchope** *(o)Muchope* n.1/2 Cope person (people of mixed heritage between Baruuli and Luo people) • *Abachope baingi e Kiryandongo.* There are many Cope people in Kiryandongo.

**Muchwezi** *(o)Muchwezi* n.1/2 demigods (who occupied the present Bunyoro kingdom) • *Abachwezi bali bafugi ba Bunyoro.* The Bachwezi were the rulers of Bunyoro.

**mucoli** <Ruruuli> *(o)mucoli* n.1/2 helmsman • *Omucoli aikala ku nsansa.* The helmsman sits at the rear of a boat.

**mucoobi** <Lunyala> *(o)mucoobi* n.1/2 helmsman • *Omucoobi aikala ku nsansa.* The helmsman sits at the rear of a boat.

**mucoori** *(o)mucoori* n.1/2 paddler, canoeist • *Omucoori musaiza wa maani.* A paddler is a strong man.

**mucunda** *(o)mucunda* n.1/2 milk vendor • *Omucunda atugulisya amatai iswenaiswena oku kyalo.* The milk vendor sells milk to all of us in this village.

**mucungule** *(o)mucungule* n.1/2 freed person (e.g. a prisoner, hostage) • *Omucungule bamuwaire ebitwo.* The freed person has been given gifts.

**mucunguli** *(o)mucunguli* n.1/2 saviour, helper, redeemer • *OYesu niye mucunguli waiswe.* Jesus is our saviour.

**mucunguro** *(o)mucunguro* n.3 ransom • *Bamusindabwire nga amaare kutaayo mucunguro.* He was released after paying a ransom.

**mucungwa** *(o)mucungwa* n.3/4 <from Sw.> orange (fruit), orange tree plant • *Eizo naliire omucungwa.* I ate an orange yesterday.

**mucungwai** [see *mucungwa*]

**mucuuzi** *(o)mucuuzi* n.3/4 <from Sw.> gravy, sauce • *Nkutaka kuwuuta ku mucuuzi.* I would like to take some gravy.

**Mucwa** *(o)Mucwa* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem • *Omuwandiiki wa mukama wa Buduuli ata Mucwa.* The king's private secretary is of the Bushbuck clan.

**mucwe** *(o)mucwe* n.3 soup (specifically of meat) • *Nsukira ani omucwe.* Pour soup for me.

**Mucwezi** *(o)Mucwezi* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Pangolin totem • *Abacwezi beizira puucu.* The totem for the Bacwezi is the pangolin.

**muda** *(o)muda* n.3/4 body louse • *Alina emida omu ngoye.* She has lice in her clothes.

**mudaala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mudaala* n.3/4 stall, stand, booth, kiosk • *Ayabire ku mudaala kugula nyama.* He has gone to the stall to buy meat.

**mudaali** *(o)mudaali* n.3/4 <from En.> medal • *OKiptegei mwiruki musai yawangwire omudaali gwa zaabu.* Kiptegei is a good runner, he won a gold medal.

**mudaama** *(o)mudaama* n.3 type of local beer (made of sorghum, finger millet, and banana juice) • *E Bugerere banywa omwenge ogwetebwa omudaama.* In Bugerere they drink the mudaama type of local beer.

**Mudaama**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Mudaama* n.1/2 member of the pangolin totem • *Abadaama batambi.* The Badaama people are herbalists.

**mudalizo** *(o)mudalizo* n.3/4 decorative strip or ornament put on the cuff

of a gomesi • *Egomesi bazitaaku emidalizo.* They put decorative strips on gomeses.

**mudi** [see *(-)di*]

**mudidi** *(o)mudidi* n.3 a lot of, large amount of, much • *Ampaire omudidi gwa mpiiya.* He has given me a lot of money.

**mudigidi** *(o)mudigidi* n.1/2 reveller, merrymaker, partygoer • *Omwala wange mudigidi, tagwa binyumu.* My daughter is a partygoer, she doesn't miss any parties.

**mudiiru** *(o)mudiiru* n.1/2 miser, penny-pincher, stingy person, mean person • *Omudiiru agadya abantu baamwe.* A miser makes his people suffer.

**mudiisi** *(o)mudiisi* n.3/4 small pot (used by the head of the family to drink brew made of finger millet) • *Mpeerya omudiisi gwange nyweremu amalwa.* Give me my small pot and I'll drink the finger millet beer.

**mudindiiri** *(o)mudindiiri* n.3/4 leech

• *Omudindiiri gubba mu bisaabo.* The leech is found in muddy soil.

**mudindiri** *(o)mudindiri* n.3/4 liver fluke • *Omudindiri gwanenere omwana okugulu nga ayemere omu binyangata.* A liver fluke bit a child when it stepped into the mud.

**mudiniri** *(o)mudiniri* n.1/2 good looking person • *Omukali oyo mundindiri.* That woman is good looking. **mudoko** *(o)mudoko* n.3 greed, greediness, gluttony • *Omwana ata n'omudoko gwa nyama.* The child is greedy

for meat.

**mudomo** *(o)mudomo* n.3/4 (a) mouth • *Omudomo gwamwe guzimbire.* His mouth is swollen. (b) nonsense • *OKamulali abaza muno ebya mudomo.* Kamulali always speaks nonsense.

**mudomole** *(o)mudomole* n.1/2 woman who is not a virgin • *Oyo omwala mudomole.* That girl is no longer a virgin.

**mudondo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mudondo* n.3/4 umbilical hernia (a condition in which the intestine protrudes through the abdominal muscles at the belly button) • *Omwana wa Fridah alina omudondo.* Fridah's child has an umbilical

hernia. **Mudongo**<sup>2</sup>

*(o)Mudongo* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem • *Omudongo yena abba wa ngabi.* Every Mudongo also belongs to the Bushbuck clan.

**mudumu** *(o)mudumu* n.3/4 pipe, tube, pipeline • *Tulina okwomboka emidumu omwatambuura amafuta.* We need to build pipelines to transport the oil.

**muduuli**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muduuli* n.1/2 boastful person, arrogant person • *Abaduuli bata baduuli.* The Ruuli people are boastful.

**Muduuli**<sup>2</sup> [see also *Muruuli*] *(o)Muduuli* n.1/2 Ruuli person

**muduumiri** *(o)muduumiri* n.1/2 captain, commander • *Omuduumiri niye aduumira amaye.* The commander is the one who commands the army.

**muduumizi** [see *muduumiri*]

**mufalisaayo** *(o)mufalisaayo* n.1/2 <from En.> Pharisee • *Abeeteja bamateeka babeeta bafalisaayo.* The custodians of the law are called Pharisees.

**mufeerwa** *(o)mufeerwa* n.1/2 (a) bereaved, grieving person • *Omufeerwa aizeku ani abantu bamubone.* The bereaved should come here so that people can see him. (b) impotent person • *Omufeerwa tasobola kwemeera.* An impotent person cannot get an erection.

**mufenensi** *(o)mufenensi* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> jackfruit tree and fruit (*Artocarpus heterophyllus*)

**mufere** *(o)mufere* n.1/2 conman, swindler, hustler, deceiver, fraud • *Ebiro bini abafere bajingiira emikono gya bantu.* These days conmen forge people's signatures.

**Mufirika** *(o)Mufirika* n.1/2 African (person) • *Abafirika basinga kubba mu Africa.* Africans are mainly found in Africa.

**mufu** *(o)mufu* n.1/2 dead pearson • *Omufu bamuliika mu keesi.* A dead person is buried in a coffin.

**mufubeeto** *(o)mufubeeto* n.3/4 casing (for doors, windows) • *Omwojo yayombokere enyumba yaamwe nataaku omufubeeto oku lwige.* The boy built his house and put a casing on the door.

**mufugi** *(o)mufugi* n.1a/2 leader, governor • *Oyo ti mufugi baitu mwebembezi.* That one is not a leader but a

dictator.

**mufukanyi** *(o)mufukanyi* n.1/2 wrestler • *Omwojo oyo mufukanyi.* That boy is a wrestler.

**mufuko** *(o)mufuko* n.3/4 (a) sack, bag • *Amakala gate omu mufuko.* Put the charcoal in the sack. (b) quiver

**mufulejje** *(o)mufuleje* n.3/4 <from Swahili via Lug.> gutter, sewer, drain, canal • *Agwire omu mufulejje gwa maizi.* He fell into a gutter.

**Mufuma** *(o)Mufuma* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Buffalo totem • *Abafuma beizira mbogo.* The Bafuma belong to the Buffalo clan.

**mufumbo** *(o)mufumbo* n.1/2 married person • *Omukali oyo mufumbo.* That woman is married.

**mufumu** *(o)mufumu* n.1/2 herbalist, traditional healer, traditional doctor, witch doctor • *Omufumu antabuliire omubazi.* The herbalist has prepared for me medicine.

**mufuruki** *(o)mufuruki* n.1/2 (a) nomad • *Abafuruki baizire n'ente zingi.* Nomads have come with many cows. (b) new resident, temporary resident, newcomer, tenant, emigrant • *Abafuruki baingi omu Kitimbwa.* There are very many new residents in Kitimbwa.

**mufuti** *(o)mufuti* n.1/2 mufti (an Islamic scholar who interprets and expounds Islamic law), supreme leader of the Islamic faith • *Uganda erina abamufuti babiri.* Uganda has two muftis.

**muga** *(o)muga* n.3 respect • *Oisemaka aweiremu omuga.* The family head no longer commands respect.

**mugaaga** *(o)mugaaga* n.3/4 bangle, bracelet • *Nzwaire omugaaga oku mukono.* I am wearing a bangle on my hand.

**mugaali** *(o)mugaali* n.3/4 type of hardwood tree (used for making mortar and drums)

**mugaati** *(o)mugaati* n.3/4 <from Sw.> (a) bread, loaf of bread • *Aguure omugaati gumwei.* She bought one loaf of bread. (b) **mugaati (o)gutumbisiibwe** leavened bread (bread with yeast) • *Ndya mugaati ogutatumbiisiibwe.* I eat leavened bread.

**mugaba** *(o)mugaba* n.3 stretch marks • *Abakali aba wanda babba n'omugaba.* Pregnant women always have stretch marks.

**mugabe** *(o)mugabe* n.1/2 commander, war leader • *Buli lutalo lubbaaku omugabe.* Every battle must have a commander.

**mugabirizi** *(o)mugabirizi* n.1/2 donor • *Uganda eta n'abagabirizi baingi.* Uganda has many donors.

**mugabo** *(o)mugabo* n.3/4 share, portion, part, quota • *Buli omwei atungire omugabo gwamwe.* Everyone got his share.

**mugai** *(o)mugai* n.3/4 mingling stick, wooden spatula, wooden cooking spoon • *Leeta omugai nkumyenere obwita.* Bring me a mingling stick and I will make you millet meal.

**mugaliraaya** *(o)Mugaliraaya* n.1/2

Galilean • *OYesu yaali Mugaliraaya.* Jesus was a Galilean.

**muganda**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muganda* n.1/2 (a) brother, sister (same gender sibling) • *Omuganda wange owondi mubuulizi wangiri mulokole.* My other brother is a priest, he is a born-again (as said by a male). (b) pal, friend • *Muganda wange iza ani.* Come here, my friend. (c) Ganda person • *Nsweire omukali oMuganda.* I married a Ganda woman.

**muganda**<sup>2</sup> *(o)muganda* n.3/4 bundle, heap • *Aleetere emiganda ebiri egya doodo.* She brought two bundles of amaranth.

**mugande** [see *muganda*]

**muganyirizi** *(o)muganyirizi* n.1/2 miser, penny-pincher, stingy person, mean person • *ONamusoke yafumbiirwe omusaiza omuganyirizi.* Namusoke married a miser.

**muganzi** [see also *mugonzebwa*] *(o)muganzi* n.1/2 loved one, darling, dear person, sweetheart • *Omukali oyo muganzi muno eji ibaamwe.* That woman is dear to her husband. **mugaragasa** *(o)mugaragasa* n.3/4 iron tree (*Prosopis africana*, hard wood tree, also used as a medicine) • *Omugaragasa musaale gugumu ate guzwaku omubazi.* The iron tree is a hard wood tree but also medicinal.

**mugaso**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mugaso* n.3/4 importance, usefulness, use, value • *Ekompyuta egyo tekyalina mugaso.* That computer is useless.

**Mugasa**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Mugasa* n.1 type of god, spirit (believed to be responsible for blessing people) • *OMugasa mbandwa agaba emikisa.* Mugasa is a spirit which is believed to give people blessings.

**Mugaya** *(o)Mugaya* n.1/2 male member of one of the following totems: Rhynchosia hirta, Lion or Ratoon pigeon peas • *Abagaya beizira katinvuma.* Abagaya belong to the *Rhynchosia hirta* clan.

**mugayi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mugayi* n.1/2 contemptuous person, condescending person, scornful person • *Omugayi tasiima abantu abandi bye bakoore.* A contemptuous person will never appreciate what other people have done.

**mugayi**<sup>2</sup> [see *mugai*]

**muge** *(o)muge* n.3/4 crown, wreath • *Omukama yeebbwere omuge oku mutwe.* The king is wearing a crown on his head.

**mugeeti** *(o)mugeeti* n.1/2 backbiter, rumourmonger • *Abageeti tibata na mikago.* Backbiters have no friends. **mugeizira-binyaata** *(o)mugeizirabinyaata* n.1/2 poor but fat person (lit. a person who eats food without sauce) • *OSadiki ata mugeizirabinyaata.* Sadiki is a poor but fat man.

**mugembi** *(o)mugembi* n.1/2 barber • *"Weebale weebale" mpeera ya mugembi.* "Thank you, thank you!" is the barber's reward. (a proverb)

**mugendya** *(o)mugendya* n.1/2 caretaker, custodian • *Yayabire omu irwaliro nga talina mugendya.* He went

to the hospital without a caretaker.

**mugenekero** *(o)mugenekero* n.3/4 hand-made filter • *Naani yatwaire omugenekero gwange gwenkolesya okusengeiza eikoke?* Who took my filter which I use to filter ash? **mugeneko** [see also *lunekere*] *(o)mugeneko* n.3 ash filrate used as salt, liquid salt (made by burning bean husks, the ash is mixed with water and filtered and the solution is used as salt) • *Twala omugeneko guni otoonyere omu biyimba.* Take this liquid salt and pour it into the beans. **mugeni** [see *mugenyi*] <Lunyala> **mugenyi** <Ruruuli> *(o)mugenyi* n.1/2 (a) visitor, guest • *Nkyaliirwe abagenyi.* I have guests. (b) **mugenyi (o)mulage** invited guest, expected guest • *Omugenyi omulage osobola okumwitira ombuli.* You can slaughter a goat for an invited guest. (c) foreigner, stranger • *Omu Uganda mulimu abagenyi baingi nga bazwa mu nsi eza njawulo.* In Uganda there are many foreigners who come from different countries.

**mugenzi** *(o)mugenzi* n.1/2 the late, dead person, departed person • *Omugenzi Kyakabbi yaali musaiza musai.* The late Kyakabbi was a good man.

**mugera** *(o)mugera* n.3/4 river • *Omugera gwa Kiira gunamulai.* The River Nile is very long.

**mugere** [see also *cupula (o)mugere*] *(o)mugere* n.1a <from Lug.> foot • *Bamucupwire omugere oku kabunda.* He was kicked in the belly.

**mugeto** *(o)mugeto* n.3/4 heap • *Tuumayo emigeto musanju egya butungulu egya kutunda.* Make seven heaps of onions to sell.

**Mugimba** *(o)Mugimba* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of either the Monkey or Catfish totems • *Abagimba beizira nkembo.* The Bagimba belong to the Monkey clan. bunch (of banana) • *Olwaleero nagula emigimba esatu egya matooke.* Today I will buy three bunches of bananas.

**mugimbagwetekere** *(o)mugimbagwetekere* n.1/2 quiet and humble person, melancholic person • *OMugesera yaali mugimbagweteekere.* Mugesera was a quiet and humble man.

**mugimbi** *(o)mugimbi* n.1/2 paddler, oarsman • *Omugimbi talina bumanyirivu bukumala kugimba lyato.* The paddler doesn't have enough experience to paddle that boat.

**mugino** *(o)mugino* n.3 gum • *Omukali wange ata n'omugino ogutukuliki.* My wife has red gums.

**Mugisu** *(o)Mugisu* n.1/2 member of Gisu enthnic group • *Abagisu babba omu kibbuura.* The Gisu people live in settlements of closely related people.

**mugo** *(o)mugo* n.3/4 rim (of a basket, pot, saucepan) • *Omugo gwa kinaga gwendekere.* The rim of the pot is broken.

**mugobe** *(o)mugobe* n.3/4 cow peas, cow peas plant or leaves (*Vigna unguiculata*) • *Omugobe gubba gusai.* Sauce made from cow pea leaves is delicious.

**mugobya** *(o)mugobya* n.1/2 treacherous person, insidious person • *Tinkolagana na muntu mugobya.* I don't associate with a treacherous person.

**mugogo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mugogo* n.3/4 pair (e.g. of shoes) • *ODamali alina emigogo gya nkaito gingi.* Damalie has a lot of pairs of shoes.

**mugogo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mugogo* n.3/4 pseudostem, stems or trunk of a banana plant • *Ntemerayo emigogo isatu.* Cut three banana stems for me.

**mugogo**<sup>3</sup> *(o)mugogo* n.1/2 physically handicapped person • *Abyaire onkeremba mugogo.* She delivered a handicapped baby.

**mugole** *(o)mugole* n.1/2 (a) bride, bridegroom • *Omugole yafeereire oku wolutaali omu kunisa.* The bride died at the altar in the church. (b) wife • *OKabaseke alina abagole bataanu ku myaka anai gyonkai.* Kabaseke has five wives at the age of forty.

**mugongo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mugongo* n.3/4 back, rear side • *Mmwetere n'ankubba mugongo.* I called him and he turned his back on me.

**mugongo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mugongo* n.3/4 work • *Omugongo gwa nte wange guwakire ndi ampi okufuna amatai.* My cow is pregnant, I am about to start getting milk.

**Mugongo**<sup>3</sup> *(o)Mugongo* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Grenadier totem • *Abagongo beizira*

## mugoni

*namantiiti.* Abagongo belong to the Grenadier totem.

**mugoni** *(o)mugoni* n.3/4 type of local fishing net used to trap mudfish • *Ebinage mbitegesya mugoni.* I use a mugoni fishing net to fish tilapia.

**Mugonya** *(o)Mugonya* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Frog or Mushroom totem • *Omugonya yeizira kikere.* Mugonya belongs to the Frog clan.

**mugonzebwa** [see also *muganzi*] *(o)mugonzebwa* n.1/2 loved one, darling, dear person, sweetheart • *Omugonzebwa wange aikire kusai.* My sweetheart has arrived safely.

**mugoosooro** *(o)mugoosooro* n.3 salary, wage • *Omugoosooro gwa bakoli tigukyamala.* The worker's salary is no longer enough.

**mugowongo** *(o)mugowongo* n.3/4 petiole of a banana plant • *Ekinaga nkitairemu emigowongo.* I put the petiole into the saucepan.

**mugoyo** *(o)mugoyo* n.3/4 (a) mash of sweet potatoes and beans • *Ebiro bini abantu tibakyala mugoyo.* These days people no longer eat beans and sweet potato marsh. (b) heterogeneous mixture, mess

**mugugu** *(o)mugugu* n.3/4 luggage, baggage, load • *Ayabire n'omugugu gwamwe.* She has gone with her luggage.

**mugumba** *(o)mugumba* n.1/2 infertile (of a woman) • *Omukali wange ata mugumba.* My wife is infertile. **mugurusi** <Ruruuli> *(o)mugurusi*

n.1/2 old man • *Omugurusi odi ata n'amagezi gaingi.* That old man is very wise.

**mugusa** [see also *muwemba*] *(o)mugusa* n.3 sorghum • *Omugusa bagukolamu amalwa.* They make local beer from sorghum.

**muguuda** *(o)muguuda* n.1/2 rich person • *Abaguuda barunguwa abooro.* The rich discriminate against the poor.

**muguwa** *(o)muguwa* n.3/4 rope • *Onte mubbwe omuguwa.* Tie the cow with a rope.

**mugwabi** *(o)mugwabi* n.3/4 smoking pipe for marijuana • *Omukaire oyo enjaaye aginywera mu mugwabi.* That old man smokes marijuana using a pipe.

**mugwairalu** [see *mugwi wa iralu*] **mugwansenyi** *(o)mugwansenyi* n.3/4 type of tree used to make mortars • *Omugwansenyi tukolamu ebiwulo.* We make mortars from the mugwansenyi tree.

**mugwera** *(o)mugwera* n.1/2 vice chairperson, deputy • *Ninje mugwera waamwe.* I am his deputy.

**mugweryai** *(o)mugweryai* n.3/4 millet meal (made from freshly harvested millet) • *Omugweryai batera kugulya kwa nzala.* Millet meal made from freshly harvested millet is usually eaten during a famine.

**mugwetwa** *(o)mugwetwa* n.1/2 heir

• *Omugwetwa bamujwekere ekifundukwa eky'obugwete.* The heir had been adorned in his official garment.

**mugwi** *(o)mugwi* n.3/4 (a) black monkey thorn (*Senegalia burkei (Benth.)* (b) **mugwi wa iralu** mad person, madman • *Omu Kampala mulimu abagwi wa iralu baingi.* There are many madmen in Kampala.

**Muwandya** *(o)Muhandya* n.1/2 people of the Otter totem • *Abawandya beizira ongonge.* The Bawandya belong to the Otter clan.

**muheesi** [see *muweesi*]

**muja** *(o)muja* n.3/4 trench, ditch • *Agwire omu muja.* He fell into a trench.

**mujaaja** *(o)mujaaja* n.3 clove basil, African basil (*Ocimum gratissimum*) • *Ntaire omujaaja oku caayi.* I added clove basil to the tea.

**mujeenene** *(o)mujeenene* n.3 honey

• *Omujeenene gutamba ekikoolo.* Honey cures a cough.

**mujerejere** *(o)mujerejere* n.3/4 sacred tree (believed to fulfill wishes) • *Abantu bayabanga oku mujerejere okusaba omukisa.* People used to go to the sacred tree to ask for blessings. **mujigaijo** *(o)mujigaijo* n.1/2 firstborn, first child • *Omwana wange omujigaijo mwala.* My first-born is a girl.

**mujigo** *(o)mujigo* n.3/4 cowbell • *Onte bamubbweremu omujigo atabula.* They tied a cowbell around the cow's neck so that it does not get lost.

**Mujimu** *(o)mujimu* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of either Cane rat or Hyena totem • *Abajimu beizi-* *ra mpiti.* The Bajimu belong to the Hyena totem.

**mujugiriza** *(o)mujugiriza* n.1/2 coordinator • *Ninje mujugiriza wa puloguramu eni.* I am the coordinator of this program.

**mujuguto** *(o)mujuguto* n.3/4 bellows (a device with an air bag used for blowing air into a fire) • *Abaweesi bakolesya omujuguto okukuma omuuro.* The blacksmiths use bellows to fan the fire.

**mujule** *(o)mujule* n.3 nosebleed • *Akujwa omujule kuzwa Lwabbalaza.* He has had a nosebleed since Monday.

**mujulungutani** *(o)mujulungutani* n.1/2 ill-mannered person • *Naani eyaikiriize omusaiza omujulungutani okwiza oku bugenyi bwaise?* Who allowed an ill-mannered person to attend our party?

**mujumbi** *(o)mujumbi* n.3/4 relentless rain, incessant rain • *Omwana abyalibwa mu mujumbi bamwalika Mujumbi.* A child born during the relentless rain is named Mujumbi.

**mujundi** *(o)mujundi* n.1/2 tycoon, industrialist, businessman, financier, entrepreneur, millionaire, multimillionaire, merchant prince • *Omujundi bamukwatiire mu bwibbi.* The tycoon has been arrested for stealing. **mujungu** *(o)mujungu* n.1/2 <from Sw.> white person, European • *Abajungu babyala kidooli.* White people produce few children.

**mujuni** *(o)mujuni* n.1/2 saviour, Re-

deemer • *Niiwe mujuni waiswe.* You are our saviour.

**mujunwa** *(o)mujunwa* n.1/2 bornagain Christian • *Omujunwa abba alina kubba kyakuboneraku omu mpisa.* A born-again Christian should be exemplary in character.

**mujuurwa** *(o)mujuurwa* n.1/2 (a) witness • *Leeta abajuurwa baamu omu kooti.* Present your witnesses to the court. (b) godfather, godmother • *Omujuurwa wange yafeereire omu butandwa bwa motoka.* My godfather died in a motor accident.

**mujwaka** *(o)mujwaka* n.1/2 (a) volunteer • *Abajwaka tibasasulwa musaala baitu babawa kasiimo.* Volunteers do not get a salary, but they are given a compensation. (b) royal guard • *Abajwaka baabire n'omukama okubona nga bakumukuuma kusai.* The royal guards have gone with the king to ensure he is fully protected.

**mujwamujule** *(o)mujwamujule* n.1/2 one who is prone to nose bleeding • *Oni yeena mujwamujule.* This one is also prone to nose bleeding.

**mujwawuki** *(o)mujwawuki* n.1/2 devotee, devout person • *OPeetero yaali mujwawuki wa diini.* Peter was a religious devotee.

**muka** *(o)muka* n.1/2 wife of (used with a proper name of the husband) • *Omuka Yozefu yabyaire abalongo.* Joseph's wife gave birth to twins.

**mukaaga**<sup>1</sup> num. (a) six • *Ata n'eibyare ly'abaana mukaaga.* She has six

offspring. (b) **mwezi gwa mukaaga** June

**mukaaga**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mukaaga* n.3 bride price • *Omukaaga gugula mukali.* A bride price is used to pay for a wife. **mukaagwa** *(o)mukaagwa* n.1/2 (a) sister-in-law • *Mukaagwa wange mukali mukakaalukani.* My sister-inlaw is a hard-working woman. (b) **munywi wa mukago** friend, comrade, companion • *Mukaagwa wange nkobera ekikukugadya.* My friend, tell me what is disturbing you?

**mukaaki** *(o)mukaaki* n.3/4 (a) funnel • *Leeta omukaaki nyitulule amaizi omu kidomola.* Bring a funnel and I will pour water into the jerry can. (b) filter (used to filter local beer) • *Kolesya omukaaki osengeize omwenge gwa bigogo.* Use the filter to strain the local banana brew. (c) loudspeaker, megaphone, microphone • *Omuliisya wa njiri akusimoora ku mukaaki.* The preacher is speaking through a microphone.

**mukabuki** *(o)mukabuki* n.1/2 expert, professional • *OMakumbi mukabuki omu bya bufumu.* Makumbi is an expert in herbal medicine.

**mukago** *(o)mukago* n.3/4 blood brotherhood, friendship • *Omukago mpisa ya buwangwa eyafoolanga abantu okubba aba luganda.* Blood brotherhood is a cultural practice which makes people become like brothers. (a) friendship, blood brotherhood • *Omukago mpisa ya buwangwa eyafoolanga abantu okubba*

*abaluganda.* Blood brotherhood is a cultural practice which makes people become like brothers. (b) alliance, coalition • *Aba bibiina bya bufuzi baitire omukago okulwanisya enfuga egibbi.* The political parties entered an alliance to fight against bad governance.

**mukai** [see also *katinvuma*] *(o)mukai* n.3/4 blue-seeded snoutbean, hairy snoutbean (Rhynchosia hirta) • *Abakooleki beizira mukai.* The Bakooleki belong to the *Rhynchosia hirta* clan.

**mukaikuru** *(o)mukaikuru* n.1/2 elderly woman • *Omukaikuru bamusangire afeereire omu nyumba.* They found an old woman dead in the house.

**mukaire** *(o)mukaire* n.1/2 elderly person, parent• *Abakaire tibalina wa kuraara.* The elderly people have nowhere to sleep.

**mukaiso** *(o)mukaiso* n.1/2 witness • *Leeta ani omukaiso waamu.* Bring your witness here.

**mukalabanda** *(o)mukalabanda* n.3/4 wooden shoe, wooden slipper, wooden sandal • *Emikalabanda zadubire.* Wooden shoes are oldfashioned.

**mukalasa** *(o)mukalasa* n.1/2 agricultural officer trained at Bukalasa Agricultural College • *OKirya ata mukalasa.* Kirya is an agricultural officer from Bukalasa Agricultural College. **mukali** *(o)mukali* n.1/2 (a) woman • *Eirai abakali omu Buruuli bazwala-* *nga gomesi zonkai.* In the past, Baruuli women used to only wear gomesi. (b) wife • *Omukali wa Musiita yakoore muno okwemeeryawo eka yaamwe nga oiba waamwe ali mukomera.* Musiita's wife worked hard to sustain the family while her husband was in prison.

**mukaliviini** *(o)mukaliviini* n.1/2 <from En.> Calvinist • *Abakaliviini bazwa mu Bulaaya.* The Calvinists come from Europe.

**mukalo** *(o)mukalo* n.3/4 smoked meat • *Twaliire mukalo gwa nyama eigolo.* We ate smoked meat yesterday.

**mukalubbanga** *(o)omukalubbanga* n.1/2 woman who cannot have sex with men • *Omukalubbanga tasobola kusumbirwa.* A woman who cannot have sex with men cannot be married.

**mukama** *(o)mukama* n.1/2 (a) owner, holder, proprietor • *Gonze nga mwegodi wa kyala niye mukama wa kiibulo.* Even if he has a deformed finger, he is the owner of the meal. (A proverb used to encourage people to respect people regardless of who they are.) (b) chief • *Omukama wa kyalo kyaiswe mulwaire.* The chief of our village is sick. (c) king • *Omukama wa Buruuli aikire oku mukolo gwa kutongoza ekideero kya Ruruuli-Lunyala.* The king of Buruuli has arrived to launch the Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary. (d) leader, master, boss • *Ninje mukama wa iruguza lini.* I am the leader of this sub county. (e) husband • *Yali mukama musai gonze ng'omukali waamwe tiyamusiimire.* He was a good husband although his wife never appreciated it. (f) Lord (a name for God or Christ) • *OYesu niye Mukama waiswe.* Jesus is our Lord. (g) **mukama wa kisolo** owner of a trapped animal (The hunted animal belongs to the owner of the trap. It does not matter who speared the animal.) • *Omukama wa kitimba niye abba mukama wa kisolo.* The owner of the hunting trap becomes the owner of the trapped animal. (h) (euphemism) measles • *Omukama agwire omu baana.* There is an outbreak of measles among the children.

**mukandala** *(o)mukandala* n.3/4 girdle (a belt or cord worn around the waist and used as a money purse) • *Omukandala gwe nabiikiremu esente zaamu gubuure.* The girdle in which I kept your money is lost.

**mukangula** *(o)mukangula* n.1/2 chief hunter (a hunter who serves as captain during hunting) • *Okisolo abbandire omukangula.* The animal knocked down the chief hunter.

**Mukangwa** *(o)Mukangwa* n.1/2 male member of one the clans of the Feather-legged hen totem • *Abakangwa beizira nkoko musenja ti nkoko wondi.* The Bakangwa belong to the Feather-legged hen clan, not any other type.

**mukanza** *(o)mukanza* n.3/4 papyrus

flower • *Encwi bazibbweserye mikanza.* They tied the fish with papyrus flowers.

**mukapa** [see also *pala*] *(o)mukapa* n.3/4 rubber tree (*Hevea brasiliensis*) **Mukaramoja** *(o)Mukaramoja* n.1/2 Karamojong person • *Abakaramoja bataka muno ebiraato.* Karamojongs like tyre sandals.

**mukatuliki** *(o)mukatuliki* n.1/2 Catholic • *Abakatuliki bakuurwa oPaapa okuzwa omu Yitale.* Catholics are led by the Pope from Italy.

**mukazi** *(o)mukazi* n.1/2 woman, wife • *Abakazi ba mu katale babaza muno.* The women who work in the market talk a lot.

**mukebe** *(o)mukebe* n.3/4 <from Sw.> tin, can • *Ndeetera omukebe nkame.* Bring me a can and I will milk.

**mukebezi** *(o)mukebezi* n.1/2 church warden • *OKasumba niye mukebezi wa kanisa ya Ibaale.* Kasumba is the church warden for the church at Ibaale.

**mukeeka** *(o)mukeeka* n.3/4 mat • *Nyikaire ku mukeeka oSusan gwe yalukire.* I am sitting on the mat which Susan wove.

**mukeiti** *(o)mukeiti* n.1/2 spy, undercover agent, intelligence agent • *Omukeiti eyakeitanga Uganda baamwitire.* The spy who used to spy on Uganda was killed.

**mukekera** *(o)mukekera* n.3/4 piece of cloth tied around the waist as a sign of mourning • *Bamubbwe-*

*re omukekera nga afeereibwe onyina.* They tied a piece of cloth around her waist when her mother died.

**mukene** *(o)mukene* n.1 silver fish • *Omukene atalikibwambe mu isana.* The silverfish is just sundried.

**mukenene** *(o)mukenene* n.3/4 *Morus alba* (white mulberry)

**mukeremba** *(o)mukeremba* n.3/4 *Polyscias fulva* (tree used for carving and handicrafts and to make drums, xylophones, and mortars) • *Omukeremba bagukolamu endiga. Polyscias fulva* is used to make xylophones.

**Mukidi** *(o)Mukidi* n.1/2 person from Bukedi • *Nsweire omukali omukidi.* I married a woman from Bukedi.

**mukiikiryo** *(o)mukiikiryo* n.3/4 (a) rafter • *Ayabire oku sitoowa okugula emikiikiryo gya nyumba yaamwe.* He has gone to the store to buy rafters for his house. (b) log used to close a door (instead of a lock) • *Olwige lusigike omukiikiryo kubba tirulina kabbwi.* Block the door with a door log because it does not have a bolt.

**mukiirokiiro** *(o)mukiirokiiro* n.3/4 traditional practice, ritual • *Gini nigyo mikiirokiiro gye twakalamu omu kuswera.* These are the traditional practices we undergo during a wedding.

**mukiise** *(o)mukiise* n.1/2 representative • *Omukiise waiswe oku iruguza akola kusai emirimu gyamwe.* Our representative of the sub county executes his duty perfectly well.

**mukikuyu** *(o)mukikuyu* n.1/2 Kikuyu person • *Abakikuyu bazwa Kenya.* The Kikuyu people come from Kenya.

**mukinjaagi** *(o)mukinjaagi* n.1/2 <from Sw.> butcher, meat seller • *Omukinjaagi yantemeire enyama gibbi.* The butcher sold me bad meat.

**mukira** *(o)mukira* n.1/2 tail (of animals, birds and vehicles) • *Ombuli ata n'omukira gumpi.* A goat has a short tail.

**mukisa** *(o)mukisa* n.3/4 (a) luck, good fortune, good luck • *OPetero ata n'omukisa gwa sente.* Peter is lucky with money. (b) chance, opportunity • *Yabbaire n'omukisa okuteeba egoolo, omupiira n'agudiimuula aiguru.* He had a chance to score a goal, but he kicked the ball up into the air. (c) blessing, benediction • *Omuliisya agaba emikisa edi ekibiina buli lwa Sande.* A priest gives blessings to his flock every Sunday.

**mukiyaana** *(o)mukiyaana* n.1/2 traditional midwife, traditional birth attendant, doula • *Omukiyaana amaite okubyalisya abakali kusai.* The traditional midwife knows how to help women to give birth safely.

**mukobi wa njiri** *(o)mukobi wa njiri* gospel preacher, evangelist • *OMusisi mukobi wa njiri.* Musisi is a gospel preacher.

**mukoi** [see *mukwei*]

**mukoka** *(o)mukoka* n.3 runoff, surface runoff, overland flow, water which flows in streams during or after the rain • *Omukoka yakulukutirye emyani zange.* The runoff water washed away my coffee beans.

**mukokoowe** *(o)mukokoowe* n.3/4 *Ficus ovata* (type of fig tree) • *Omukokoowe gubba musaale gukooto. Ficus ovata* is a big tree.

**mukoli** *(o)mukoli* n.1/2 (a) worker • *Oli mukoli musai, okola emirimu gyamu mu bwire.* You are a good worker, you do your work on time. (b) **mukoli wa kibbi** sinner

**mukoligo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mukoligo* n.3/4 (a) yoke (a wooden crosspiece that is fastened over two cows and then fastened on a cart) • *Embalaasi zibbweku omukoligo ebiro bya kuluma biikire.* Tie a yoke on the horses, the season for ploughing has started. (b) piece of metal or wood tied around the neck of animal to make it less active • *Mubbweku omukoligo oku nte oyo atairuka.* Tie a piece of wood on the cow's neck so that it does not run away. (c) burden, nuisance • *Obwojo buni mukoligo gwenyerere edi Uganda.* This leadership is a real burden to Ugandans.

**mukolo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mukolo* n.3/4 function, party, ceremony, event • *Baabire ku mukolo gwa mbaga.* They have gone to a wedding party.

**mukolo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mukolo* n.1/2 unlucky person, unfortunate person, poor fellow • *Omukali oyo ata mukolo, abaana baamwe boona tibalina mirumu.* That woman is unlucky, all her children are jobless.

**mukomakoma** [see also *lukomakoma*] *(o)mukomakoma* n.3/4 *Grewia mollis* • *Omukomakoma gubba musaale gudyoli. Grewia mollis* is a small tree.

**mukome** *(o)mukome* n.1/2 chosen one, believing Christian • *Ndi mukome wa Kanca.* I am the chosen one of God.

**mukomeere** *(o)mukomeere* n.1/2 crucified person • *OYesu niye yaali mukomeere oku mussalaba.* Jesus was the one crucified on the cross.

**mukomera** *(o)mukomera* n.1/2 prisoner, convict • *Omukali wa Musiita yakoore muno okwemeeryawo eka yaamwe nga oiba waamwe ali mukomera.* Musiita's wife worked hard to sustain the family while her husband was in prison.

**mukomole** *(o)mukonole* n.1/2 circumcised person • *Abasaiza abasiraamu boona babba bakomole.* All Muslim men are circumcised.

**mukomoli** *(o)mukomoli* n.1/2 circumcision surgeon • *Omukomoli niye alina okukomola abaana abato.* The circumcision surgeon is the one who is supposed to circumcise children.

**mukonda** *(o)mukonda* n.3/4 handle (of a utensil) • *Omukonda gwa kikopo gugubbi.* The handle of the cup is dirty.

**mukondikondi** *(o)mukondikondi* n.3/4 guinea grass (*Megathyrsus maximus*) • *Omukondikondi gukola ebyeyo.* Guinea grass is used to

# make brooms.

**mukondwa** *(o)mukondwa* n.3/4 type of shrub with small leaves • *Obukoola bwa mukondwa bukambuwalya ombwene.* Omukondwa leaves are given to a dog to make it fiercer. **mukoni** *(o)mukoni* n.1/2 pounder (a person who pounds herbs) • *Omukoni wa mubazi abba n'amaani gaingi.* The herb pounder is always a strong person.

**mukonko** *(o)mukonko* n.3/4 pestle • *Omukonko gwange gwendekere.* My pestle has broken.

**mukono** *(o)mukono* n.3/4 (a) arm, hand • *Ekicweka kya mukono gwange ekyaiguru kibbaire kikunduma okuliga ewiiki eweire.* The upper part of my arm has been hurting since last week. (b) signature • *Ebiro bini abafere bajingiira emikono gya bantu.* These days conmen forge people's signatures. (c) sleeve (d) **teebwaku (e)mikono** confirmation (in the Christian Church) • *Abaana bakwaba kuteebwaku mikono.* The children have gone for the confirmation. **mukoobero** *(o)mukoobero* n.3/4 edge of a hunting net • *Okisolo akangire ku mukoobero gwa kitimba.* The animal passed close to the edge of the hunting net.

**Mukoobyo** *(o)Mukoobyo* n.3 name given to a boat which belonged to Semei Lwakirenzi Kakungulu (A British colonial agent and he served in various capacities e.g. Buruuli Saza Chief. Later he was assigned to

Bugerere, now Kayunga district.)

**mukooge** *(o)mukooge* n.3/4 tamarind tree (*Tamarindus indica*) • *Omukooge gubba gugumu.* The tamarind is a hard-wood tree. **mukookoowe** *(o)mukookoowe* n.3/4

type of fig tree (*Ficus ovata*) • *Omukookoowe gutamba ebyoya. Ficus ovata* cures wounds.

**mukozi** *(o)mukozi* n.1/2 maid, servant, worker, labourer • *Ata n'omukozi omwei.* He has one maid.

**mukubbancoloka** *(o)mukubbancoloka* n.1/2 <from taboo> person suffering from premature ejaculation • *Yasweirwe omusaiza mukubbancoloka.* She married a man who suffers from premature ejaculation.

**mukubbiiri** *(o)mukubbiiri* n.1/2 (a) (in hunting) person who scares an animal into the hunting net • *Ekisolo kyakaire oku mukubbiiri.* The animal escaped from the person meant to scare it into the hunting net. (b) supporter, backer

**mukubbyabigogo** *(o)mukubbyabigog* n.1/2 lenient person, merciful person, indulgent person (lit. one who beats with banana fibress) • *Omusomesya yafookere mukubbyabigogo.* The teacher has become lenient.

**mukubi** *(o)mukubi* n.3/4 sauce (any accompaniment to starchy foods, often contains a source of protein) • *Mumuweerye omukubi gwa maido.* Give him groundnut sauce.

**mukubiriza** *(o)mukubiriza* n.1/2 head of the laity • *Omukubiriza asi-* *moire kusai.* The head of the laity has spoken well.

**mukugiro** *(o)mukugiro* n.3/4 (a) border, edge, side (b) fence (surrounding a garden to prevent animals from destroying crops) • *Maare okutaaku omukugiro ku ndumiro yange.* I have finished putting a fence around my garden. (c) hem (on clothes) • *Ekiteeteeyi kya mwana kiteeku omukugiro.* Put a hem on the child's dress. (d) design on the cuffs of a gomesi • *Egomesi yaamwe eriku omukugiro.* Her gomesi has design on the cuffs.

**mukugu** *(o)mukugu* n.1/2 expert, professional • *Ndi mukugu omu Ruruuli.* I am an expert in Luruuli.

**mukujukuju** *(o)mukujukuju* n.1/2 shrewd, clever, smart, cunning • *Kisai okubba omukujukuju.* It is good to be a shrewd person.

**mukuku** *(o) mukuku* n.1/2 miser, stingy person • *Omukuku tasobola kuswera mwara wange.* A stingy person cannot marry my daughter.

**mukukuuru** [see also *nkukuuru*] *(o)mukukuuru* n.3/4 candelabra tree (*Euphorbia candelabrum*, a succulent species of plant in the family) • *Amasanda ga mukukuuru gabbi oku maiso.* The sap of *Euphorbia candelabrum* is dangerous for the eyes.

**mukulembeze** [see also *mwebembezi*] *(o)mukulembeze* n.1/2 leader, head, commander, guide, leading light • *Abakulembeze ba Kanisa ya Uganda bakoore kusai.* The leaders of the Church of Uganda have performed very well.

**mukulu** *(o)mukulu* n.1/2 (a) adult, mature person, grown-up (b) elder, elder sibbling • *Oyo niye mukulu waiswe omu kika.* That one is our elder in the clan. (c) superior, boss, chief, supervisor (d) official, officer, officeholder • *Omukulu oyo azwire mu kitongole kya byabwomi.* That official is from the ministry of health. (e) **mukulu wa kika** clan leader • *Omukulu wa kika akuduuma omugwetwa.* The clan leader is giving advice to the heir. (f) **mukulu wa nganda** clan leader • *OMunywani niye mukulu wa nganda.* Munywani is the clan leader. (g) **mukulu wa magye** general • *Omukulu wa magye yayatirye embiso ya iyanga.* The general revealed state secrets.

**mukululo** *(o)mukululo* n.3/4 (a) trail (e.g. of a car), track • *Mboine omukululo gwa njoka.* I have seen a snake's trail. (b) legacy

**mukumbaani** *(o)mukumbaani* n.1/2 religious follower, churchgoer, member of congregation • *OMatayo yalina abakumbaani baingi.* Mathew had many followers.

**mukumbi** *(o)mukumbi* n.1/2 marcher, walker • *Abakumbi baakumbire olunaku lwona omu kibuga.* The marchers marched for a while in town.

**mukumpanya** *(o)mukumpanya* n.1/2 <from Lug.> dishonest person, untruthful person, cheater, fraud, liar • *Nnoba okukolesya omuntu omu-* *kumpanya omu kampuni yange.* I hate employing dishonest people in my company.

**mukundi** [see also *ikundi*] *(o)mukundi* n.3/4 navel, umbilicus • *Omukundi gwamwe gukooto ate gutera okumuluma.* His navel is big and always hurts him.

**mukunguli** *(o)mukunguli* n.1/2 harvester • *Omukunguli yaakakungula ensawu inai eza binyebwa.* The harvester has harvested four bags of groundnuts so far.

**mukunkubya** *(o)mukunkubya* n.1/2 exaggerator • *Omukunkubya ebiro ebimwei aleeta entalo.* An exaggerator sometimes causes misunderstandings.

**mukunyu** *(o)mukunyu* n.3/4 *Ficus mucuso* or *Ficus sycomorus* • *Omukunyu musaale gukooto. Ficus mucuso* is a big tree.

**mukunzi** *(o)mukunzi* n.1/2 one's mother's secret lover•*Ataafe asanga mukunzi wa nyina.* A lucky person meets his mother's secret lover. (a proverb)

**mukupya** *(o)mukupya* n.1/2 dishonest person, cheater, cheat, fraud • *Omukali omukupya tabba mukali musai.* A dishonest woman cannot make a good wife.

**mukurisitaayo** *(o)mukurisitaayo* n.1/2 Christian • *Abakurisitaayo basengeerya ba Yesu.* Christians are followers of Jesus.

**mukurulo** [see *mukululo*] • *Emikurulo gini gya motoka gikooto.* These

tyre marks are from a huge car.

**mukurundyo** *(o)mukurundyo* n.3/4 legacy • *Ekanisa gye yayombokere nigwo gumwei ku mikurundyo gyamwe.* The church he built is part of his legacy.

**Mukurungo** *(o)Mukurungo* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans belonging to the Cow totem • *Ozeiza wange Mukurungo.* My grandfather is Omukurungo.

**Mukurwe** *(o)Mukurwe* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans belonging to the Genet totem • *Abakurwe beizira kasimba.* Abakurwe belongs to the Genet totem.

**mukuumi** *(o)mukuumi* n.1/2 (a) guard, gatekeeper • *Omukuumi wa irembo lya isomero atamiire abaana bakwiza kutoloka.* The school gatekeeper is drunk, the students will escape. (b) **mukuumi wa ikomera** warder, prison warden, jailer • *Omukuumi wa ikomera oluusi atulugunya ababbwe.* The warder sometimes mistreats the prisoners.

**mukuutu** *(o)mukuutu* n.3/4 metal tool used for digging out potatoes • *Leeta omukuutu tusake ebiyaata.* Bring the potato digger and we will dig out sweet potatoes.

**mukuyikuyi** *(o)mukuyikuyi* n.1/2 wisecracker • *Baitu musaiza we lwaki oli mukuyikuyi?* Man, why are you a wisecracker?

**mukuza** *(o)mukuza* n.1/2 regent, guardian • *Omukuza niye alabiira omusika.* The regent is the one who

looks after the heir.

**mukuzanyana** *(o)mukuzanyana* n.3/4 Blighia unijugata (type of tree with high medicinal value) • *Omukuzanyana musaale oguzwaku omubazi.* Blighia unijugata is a medicinal tree.

# **mukuzu** [see *mukunzi*]

**mukwalya** *(o)mukwalya* n.3/4 provocative laughter, burst of laughter (often scornful in character) • *Naani oyo akubbire omukwalya nga tuli mu kwenatira?* Who burst into provocative laughter while we are mourning?

**mukwano** *(o)mukwano* n.3/4 friendship, amity, camaraderie, comradeship, relationship • *Timmaite lwaki omukwano gwamwe n'abakunzi baamwe tigubbeereera.* I don't know why her relationships with her boyfriends do not last long.

**mukwati** *(o)mukwati wa bakali* n.1/2 (a) holder, handler (b) **mukwati wa bakali** rapist, defiler • *Omusoke omukwati wa bakali, bamubbwere.* Musoke, the rapist, has been imprisoned. (c) **mukwati wa goolo** goalkeeper • *Omukwati wa goolo ayendekere omukono.* The goalkeeper sustained a broken hand. (d) **mukwati wa nsawo** treasurer (e) **mukwati wa nsika** farmer, devoted farmer • *Mukalazi mukwati wa nsika.* Mukalazi is a devoted farmer.

**mukwato** *(o)mukwato* n.3/4 handle (of a hoe or axe) • *Omukwato gwa mpasa gumpi.* The axe handle is short.

**mukwei** *(o)mukwei* n.1/2 brother-inlaw (of a man), son-in-law • *Omu Bunyala mukwei bamuwa nkoko nga akyaire.* Among the Banyala an inlaw is given a chicken whenever he visits.

**mukwekuli** *(o)mukwekuli* n.1/2 inventor, discoverer, explorer, finder • *OSande niye yaali mukwekuli wa kitabo.* Sande is the one who found the book.

**mukwekwe**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mukwekwe* n.3 (a) legacy, aftermath, effect • *Obote yalekere omukwekwe omu kitongole kya byabwomi.* Obote left a legacy in the health sector. (b) tyre mark • *Motoka yanaani eyakaira ani? Nkubona omukwekwe.* Whose car was here? I can see tyre marks in the courtyard.

**mukwekwe**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mukwekwe* n.3/4 rat burrow • *Omukwekwe gwa meese gulimu onjoka.* There is a snake in the rat burrow.

**mukwenda** *(o)mukwenda* n.1/2 (a) messenger, representative, member of parliament • *Mmutumiire omukwenda amwete.* I sent a messenger to call him. (b) clan representative • *Oyo mukwenda omu bukama bwa Buruuli.* He is a representative in the Buruuli kingdom's council. (c) apostle • *OPeter yaali mukwenda wa Yesu.* Peter was an apostle of Jesus. (d) clergyman

**mukyala** *(o)mukyala* n.1/2 (a) lady, madam, woman • *Omukyala oyo niye mukwenda omukali owa Nakaso-* *ngola omu lukurato olukulu.* That lady is a female member of parliament. (b) wife • *OBrenda niye mukyala wa omulabirizi.* Brenda is the wife of the Bishop. (c) title used before a surname or full name to address a woman • *Omukyala Bogere mwegesya oku Ntuuma Primary School.* Mrs. Bogere is a teacher at Ntuuma Primary School.

**mukyamu** *(o)mukyamu* n.3/4 neighbourhood • *Aboojo bani ba ku mukyamu.* These boys are from the neighbourhood.

**mukyawe** *(o)mukyawe* n.1/2 unloved person, enemy • *Omukali oyo mukyawe edi oibaamwe.* That woman is not dear to her husband.

**mukyuki** *(o)mukyuki* n.1/2 convert, new believer• *Abakyuki batangiirwa omu Kanisa yaiswe.* Converts are very welcome in our church.

**mukyusa** *(o)mukyusa* n.1/2 interpreter • *Omukyusa ayemereire ampi n'omuntu gwa kukyusira.* The interpreter is standing near the person he is interpreting for.

**mulaalo** *(o)mulaalo* n.1/2 (a) cattleman, herdsman • *Omulaalo wange mulwaire ninje ndina okuliisya ente zange olwaleero.* My herdsman is sick so I will have to look after my cows today. (b) Hima person • *Abalaalo bata baliisya.* The Hima people are pastoralists.

**mulaame** *(o)mulaame* n.1/2 cursed person • *Omulaame afa kubbi.* A cursed person dies a terrible death.

**mulaamire** *(o)mulaamire* n.1/2 beneficiary of the will • *Omulaamire asiisire ebintu byamwe.* The beneficiary of the will has misused his property. **mulaawe** *(o)mulaawe* n.1/2 eunuch • *Omu lubiri mwabbangamu abalaawe.* There used to be eunuchs in the palace.

**mulabba** *(o)mulabba* n.3/4 ridge pole of a house, main beam of the roof frame, rafter • *Engoye bazibiika ku mulabba kubba tibalina waadiroopu.* They keep the clothes on the rafter because they have no wardrobe.

**mulabe** *(o)mulabe* n.1/2 enemy, foe, rival • *Yalekuuliire kubba abbaire n'abalabe baingi oku mulumu.* He left because he had many enemies at his workplace.

**mulabirizi** *(o)Mulabirizi* n.1/2 bishop (of the Church of Uganda) • *Omulabirizi niye ataaku abakurisitaayo emikono.* The Bishop is the one who carries out the confirmation of Christians.

**mulabuki** *(o)mulabuki* n.1/2 quick person, fast person • *OKitaakule musaiza mulabuki nga akutambula.* Kitaakule is quick when walking.

**mulaguli** *(o)mulaguli* n.1/2 (a) sorcerer, witch doctor, traditional healer • *Ayabire wa mulaguli okufuna omubazi.* She has gone to a sorcerer to get medicine. (b) fortuneteller, prophet • *Abalaguli ba biro bini babeyegi.* Today's fortune-tellers are lairs. (c) magician • *Omulaguli ni-* *ye muntu akola ebyekiraguli.* A magician is a person who does magic tricks.

**mulalama** *(o)mulalama* n.3/4 meningitis • *Abasawu baabire kugema bantu mulalama.* The medics have gone to immunise people against meningitis.

**mulalu** *(o)mulalu* n.1/2 mad person, madman • *Omulalu akubbire omwana eibbaale.* The madman hit a child with a stone.

**mulambo** *(o)mulambo* n.3/4 dead body, carcass, corpse, cadaver • *Omulambo gwa mwana bagwajiirye ku nzira.* They found a child's corpse near the road.

**mulambuli** *(o)mulambuli* n.1/2 tourist, traveller, globetrotter • *Tufuna abalambuli baingi omu Uganda.* We receive many tourists in Uganda. **mulamu** *(o)mulamu* n.1/2 brotherin-law, sister-in-law • *Omulamu wange mulwaire.* My brother-in-law is sick.

**mulamula** *(o)mulamula* n.3/4 *Dracaena fragrans* (type of herb used for cleansing and as a landmark) • *Omulamula bagusimba ku mpero za kibanja. Dracaena fragrans* is planted along land boundaries.

**mulamuli** *(o)mulamuli* n.1/2 (a) judge, magistrate, justice • *Omulamuli yasaare kubbi omusango.* The judge made an unfair judgement. (b) arbitrator, conciliator, mediator • *Omulamuli wa musango guni timusiimire.* I did not like the arbitrator

of this case. (c) official, officer, officeholder • *Omulamuli wa kitongole kini ali ampi okwika.* The officer in charge of this organisation is about to come. (d) male member of one of the clans of the Pangolin totem (e) **mulamuli wa mupiira** football referee • *Abazeenyi baakubbire omulamuli wa mupiira lwa kubba yagulamwire kubbi.* The players beat the referee because he did not judge the match properly.

**mulamuzi** [see *mulamuli*]

**mulamwa** *(o)mulamwa* n.3/4 theme, main topic, thesis • *Nkobera omulamwa gwe muliku.* Tell me about your goal.

**mulandira** *(o)mulandira* n.3/4 (a) root • *N'obutungulu bubba n'emirandira.* Even onions have roots. (b) ancestral lineage, heritage • *Ogwo nigwo mulandira gwaiswe gwetuzwamu.* That is our ancestral lineage.

**mulanga** *(o)mulanga* n.3/4 (a) loud cry, alarm, wail, groan • *Nani akubbire omulanga gwe mpuliire enzai?* Who made that loud cry I heard outside? (b) appeal, plea, urgent request • *Nkubakubbira omulanga okwiza e wange emambya.* I am appealing to you to come to my place tomorrow.

**mulangasa** *(o)mulangasa* n.1/2 loner, introvert • *Oyo omwala mulangasa tazeenya n'abairaamwe.* That girl is a loner, she never plays with her friends.

**mulangi** *(o)mulangi* n.1/2 (a) prophet • *OIsaaya yaali mulangi.* Isaiah

was a prophet. (b) **mulangi wa bubeyegi** false prophet • *Abalangi ba bubeyegi baingi omu Uganda.* There are many false prophets in Uganda. **mulangiire** *(o)mulangiire* n.1/2 proclaimed winner • *Omulangiire ti niye awangwire akalulu omu mananu.* The proclaimed winner is not the true winner of the election.

**mulangiiri** *(o)mulangiiri* n.1/2 (a) guide, tour guide • *Twabe n'omulangiiri atulangiire mu ikuumero lya bisolo.* Let us go with a guide to show us around the zoo. (b) proclaimer, announcer • *Omulangiiri wa bagole omu kanisa timumaite.* I don't know the announcer of the wedding couple in the church.

**mulangira** *(o)mulangira* n.1/2 prince • *OSsemakookiro ata mulangira wa Buganda.* Ssemakookiro is a prince of Buganda Kingdom.

**Mulaŋo** *(o)Mulaŋo* n.1/2 Langi person • *Omukali wange Mulaŋo.* My wife is a Langi.

**mulebe** *(o)mulebe* n.1/2 (a) what'shis-name, so-and-so (used as a term of address for a man whose clan name one cannot recall or does not know) • *Mulebe, weekeere oizeku ani.* You, come here first. (b) hallo, hi (informal way of greeting among peers) • *Mulebe, okukoba ki?* Hi, how are you?

**mulebeeki** *(o)Mulebeeki* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem • *Abalebeeki beizira ngabi.* The Balebeeki people belong to the Bushbuck clan.

**muleegero** *(o)muleegero* n.3/4 skin used to make bellows • *Omuleegero guzwa mu kyanzo kya ntaama.* The bellows is made from a sheep's skin. **muleegi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muleegi* n.1/2 (a) skinner (a person who skins animals and prepares skins) • *Omuleegi wa byanzo abireegere kusai byome.* The skinner has spread the skins properly so that they can dry well. (b) **muleegi wa mpanka** bicycle mechanic who aligns wheels, wheel aligner • *Omuleegi wa mpanka oyo tamaite kuleega kusai.* That bicycle mechanic does not know how to align wheels properly.

**muleegi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)muleegi* n.1/2 penniless drinker (drinker who waits to be given alcohol to drink for free) • *Basindikire omuleegi n'azwa omu baala.* They pushed a penniless drinker out of the bar.

**muleera** *(o)muleera* n.3/4 embroidered design on the front of a kanzu • *Ekanzu za Baganda zingi zibbaaku omuleera.* Most Baganda kanzus have reddish embroidery.

**muleete** *(o)muleete* n.3/4 husk separated from millet during winnowing • *Nsegenyere kusai obwita ni buwaaku omuleete.* I winnowed the millet properly, such that no husks were left.

**mulegi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mulegi* n.1/2 (a) taster, person whose job it is to taste beer • *Onanka oyo mulegi wa mwenge.* That person is the one who tastes

alcoholic drinks. (b) complainant, plaintiff • *Oyo niye mulegi wa musango gudi.* That is the complainant of that case.

**muleituki** *(o)muleituki* n.1/2 wanderer, roamer, rover • *Abaliisya bata baleituki.* Cattle keepers are wanderers.

**mulekwa** *(o)mulekwa* n.1/2 (a) orphan • *Abamulekwa abamwe tibabba na mirembe.* Some orphans do not have peace. (b) name given to a boy born when his parent is dead • *OMulekwa yabyaliibwe nga oite waamwe afiire.* Mulekwa was born when his father died.

**mulema** *(o)mulema* n.1/2 person with a mobility or physical disability • *Omulema awangwire akalulu.* The person with a mobility diasbility has won the election.

**mulemangundu** *(o)mulemangundu* n.3/4 type of tree whose roots can cure stomach worms • *Omulemangundu gutamba enzoka.* Mulemangundu tree cures stomach worms.

**mulembe** *(o)mulembe* n.3/4 (a) generation, era, reign • *Omulembe guni gubbaire gubbi.* This generation has been unfortunate. (b) modernity, novelty, trendiness • *Nkwendya okuguura omwara wange enkaito eya mulembe.* I would like to buy fashionable shoes for my daughter.

**mulembo** *(o)mulembo* n.3/4 *Ficus lutea* (giant leaved fig)

**mulemeera** *(o)mulemeera* n.3/4 type of a hard tree from which Kagoro's stick is obtained • *Omulemeera gugwire.* The mulemeera tree has fallen.

**mulemi** *(o)mulemi* n.1/2 ruler, leader, chief • *Omulemi wa buruguza abbaire ani.* The sub-county chief was here.

**mulendeera** *(o)mulendeera* n.3 amniotic fluid • *Omulendeera guyamba omwana okukula okusai.* The amniotic fluid helps the child to develop properly.

**mulengo** *(o)mulengo* n.3/4 heap, pile • *Ngulisyayo emirengo gya biyaata etaanu.* Sell me five heaps of sweet potatoes.

**mulere** *(o)mulere* n.3/4 flute, pipe, horn, trumpet, clarinet • *Abaliisya buliizo bafuuwa omulere nga bakulisya.* Cattle keepers usually play the flute while grazing.

**muleri** *(o)muleri* n.1/2 babysitter • *Omwana namuleeteire omuleri.* I have brought a babysitter to help my wife.

**mulezu** *(o)mulezu* n.3/4 beard • *Ndeetera ekirita eyo ngembe omulezu.* Bring me that razor blade and I'll shave off my beard.

**muliisa** *(o)Muliisa* n.1/2 male member of the guinea fowl totem • *Abaliisa beizira nkowu.* Abaliisa belong to the guinea fowl totem.

**muliisya** *(o)muliisya* n.1/2 (a) shepherd, herdsman, farmer • *Omuliisya wange aliisirya bisolo mu kiinamo.* My shepherd grazes livestock in the valley. (b) parish priest, pastor • *Elijah niye muliisya wa kanisa yaiswe.* Elijah is the parish priest of our church. (c) **muliisya mbuli** goat keeper • *Abaliisya mbuli baingi e Ibbaale.* There are many goat keepers in Bbaale.

**muliiti** *(o)muliiti* n.3/4 bird trap • *Omuliiti gusobola okwita enkowu.* A bird trap can kill a guinea fowl.

**mulikiirya** *(o)mulikiirya* n.3 darkness • *Omulikiirya gwingi omu nyumba.* There is a lot of darkness in the house.

**mulikirya** *(o)mulikirya* n.1/2 firefighter, fireman • *Abalikirya bafunire akabenje nga bakwiza okulikirya oluyiira.* The firefighters were involved in an accident on the way to stop the bushfire.

**mulikiryamuuro** *(o)mulikiryamuuro* n.1/2 firefighter, fireman • *Omulikiryamuuro alikiirye ekyomboke kya Katale.* The firefighter extinguished the fire in Katali's building.

# **mulimi** [see *mulumi*]

**mulimo** *(o)mulimo* n.3/4 (a) job, work, employment • *Nawuliire omulimo gwa kuyonja bakulanga.* I heard about the job of cleaner being advertised. (b) mission, assignment, operation, enterprise • *Egavumenti ya Uganda esindikire abasirikale baayo oku mulimo e Somalia.* The government of Uganda has sent its soldiers on a mission to Somalia.

# **mulimu** [see *mulimo*]

**mulindi** *(o)mulindi* n.1/2 guard, watchman • *Eka yaamwe eriku omu-* *lindi.* There is a guard at his home. **mulindu** *(o)mulindu* n.3/4 tradition, custom, practice • *Bakibandwa babba n'emirindu.* Traditional priests have many traditions.

**mulingiza** *(o)mulingiza* n.1/2 a neighbour who lives opposite to your house

**mulingo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mulingo* n.3/4 (a) way, method, manner, technique • *Nkoberayo emiringo esatu omuntu gyayinza okukumaamu ebinage.* Tell me any three ways one can preserve fish. (b) style, manner, trend • *Ebiro bini tuta n'enzwala ya miringo zingi.* These days we have many styles of dressing.

**mulingo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mulingo* n.3/4 twisted walking stick (for a spirit called Kawumpuli) • *Ogwo mulingo gwa kawumpuli gw'akwata.* That is the twisted walking stick which Kawumpuli uses.

**muliraano** [see also *mulirwana*] *(o)muliraano* n.1/2 neighbour

**mulirwana** [see also *muliraano*] *(o)mulirwana* n.1/2 neighbour • *Omulirwana wange ata musaizi mwandi muno nkuteekateeka kufuna nyumba gindi.* My neighbour is very cruel, I am planning to get a new house.

**mulisa** *(oku)mulisa* v.intr. *mulisire* to flower • *Ekimuli tikisobola kumulisa nga tikirina mpumbu.* A flower cannot flower without pollen.

**mulogo** *(o)mulogo* n.1/2 witch, wizard, warlock • *Tintaka kwereera balo-* *go.* I don't want to be a neighbour to wizards.

**mulokole** *(o)mulokole* n.1/2 bornagain Christian • *Abalokole baingi omu Uganda.* There are many bornagain Christians in Uganda.

**mulokozi** *(o)mulokozi* n.1/2 saviour **muloleeri** *(o)muloleeri* n.1/2 (a) caretaker• *Nankya niye muloleeri wa mulwaire.* Nankya is a caretaker for the sick. (b) babysitter • *Omuloleeri wa baana oni wa igani ate ataka muno abaana.* The babysitter is hardworking and loves children very much. (c) spectator, viewer • *Omuloleeri wa mupiira yalemeire omu kisaawe oluzwanyuma lwa tiimu yaamwe okuwangulwa.* The spectator refused to leave the pitch after his team suffered a defeat. (d) **muloleeri wa kanisa** usher, attendant • *Omuloleeri wa kanisa ya Nakasongola yatutangiirire kusai.* The Nakasongola church usher received us gloriously. **mulombe** *(o)mulombe* n.3 coldness, cold weather • *Omulombe ti gwa buliizo mu Uganda.* Coldness is not common in Uganda.

**mulondi** *(o)mulondi* n.1/2 voter • *Abalondi omu Uganda tibamaite idembe lyabwe erya kukomya.* Voters in Uganda are not aware of their voting rights.

**mulondo** *(o)mulondo* n.1/2 fisherman, fisher • *Abalondo baingi oku kyambu.* There are many fishermen at the landing site.

**mulongo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mulongo* n.1/2 twin • *OIsingoma niye omwei oku balongo bange.* Isingoma is one of my twins. **mulongo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mulongo* n.3/4 white nongo (*Albizia glaberrima*) • *Omulongo guzwamu amanda gasai.* White nongo produces good charcoal.

**mulongoose** *(o)mulongoose* n.1/2 person who undergoes a surgical operation • *Omusawo yasibwire omulongoose eigolo.* The doctor discharged the person who underwent surgery yesterday.

**mulongooti** *(o)mulongooti* n.3/4 (a) tower • *Bombokere adi omulongooti omu kitundu kyaiswe.* They have constructed a tower in our area. (b) (radio) mast, (radio) tower, aerial • *Omulongooti gwa MTN guli Galiraaya.* The MTN mast is at Galiraaya.

**muloopi** *(o)muloopi* n.1/2 complainant, plaintiff • *Omuloopi omusango gumusingire.* The complainant lost the case.

**muluka** *(o)muluka* n.3/4 parish • *Nakasongola erimu emiruka emekai?* How many parishes are in Nakasongola?

**muluki** *(o)muluki* n.1/2 weaver, knitter • *Abaluki ba mukeeka tibafuna mu mulimu gwabwe.* Mat weavers do not benefit from their enterprise. **mululuuza** *(o)mululuuza* n.3/4 Vernonia amygdalina • *Gonze aba saayansi tibakikakasanga, abantu baikiriza nti omululuuza gutamba omubiri.* Although it has not been scientifically proven, people believe that Vernonia amygdalina cures malaria.

**mulumi** *(o)mulumi* n.1/2 farmer • *Oitange ata mulumi era ni mwaiya empiiya.* My father is a farmer and that is his source of income.

**mulumisya** *(o)mulumisya* n.1/2 agricultural officer • *OKirya niye mulumisya wa Ibbaale.* Kirya is the agricultural officer at Ibbaale.

**mulumu** [see *mulimo*]

**mulumwoyo** *(o)mulumwoyo* n.1/2 (a) adopted person • *Ewaiswe ani ataawo omulumwoyo.* At home we have an adopted person. (b) coldhearted person, unsympathetic person, unkind person • *Omusaiza mulumwoyo yaitire omboli wange owa mwako.* A cold-hearted man killed my goat that was pregnant. (c) people who eat fish • *Abalumwoyo tibasobola kubba bakibandwa.* People who usually eat fish cannot be traditional priests.

**mulundi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mulundi* n.3/4 occasion, instant, time • *Yabayo omulundi gumwei obone oba wamukuraatiirya.* Go there for one more time and see if you can convince him.

**mulundi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mulundi* n.3/4 shin • *Egaali emutemere omulundi lwakubba teyazwaire buutisi.* The bicycle has cut his shin because he did not wear shin-guards.

**mulungula** *(oku)mulungula* v.tr. *mulungwire* to remove (esp. maize from the cob) • *Mulungula ebiduuma ebyo.* Remove the maize from the cobs.

**Muluuru** *(o)Muluuru* n.1/2 Alur (a

Nilotic ethnic group who live in northwestern Uganda) • *Abantu abazwa e Nebbi babba baluuru.* People who come from Nebbi are called the Alur.

**mulwaire** *(o)mulwaire* n.1/2 patient, sick person • *Musoke mulwaire wa kasubba era bamusaliire empiso nkaaga.* Musoke is suffering from TB and he has been prescribed sixty injections.

**mulwani** *(o)mulwani* n.1/2 (a) fighter • *Omwojo oyo mulwani musai.* That boy is a good fighter. (b) person who likes fighting, belligerent person • *Tintaka kwikala n'amuntu mulwani.* I hate staying with a person who likes fighting.

**mulwaniiri** *(o)mulwaniiri* n.1/2 (a) fighter (b) **mulwaniiri wa irembe** freedom fighter • *Abalwaniiri ba mirembe bawereibwe emidaali.* The freedom fighters have been given medals. (c) **mulwaniiri wa iyanga** patriot, nationalist • *Abalwaniiri ba iyanga omu Uganda abasinga tebaizukirwa nga bamaare okufa.* Many of Uganda's patriots are not remembered after death.

**mulyairyawo** *(o)mulyairyawo* n.1/2 careful spender • *Omulyairyawo ata ekitiibwa omu bya buguuda byamwe.* A careful spender always respects his wealth.

**mulyaka** *(o)mulyaka* n.1/2 (a) bad debtor • *Omulyaka timmutiiza sente zange.* I don't lend my money to a bad debtor. (b) cunning and deceitful person, extortioner, cheater, fraudster, treacherous, dishonest person • *Omukali oyo ata mulyaka.* That woman is a fraudster.

**mulyandego** *(o)mulyandego* n.1/2 glutton, overeater • *Omulyandego niye muntu alya muno.* A glutton is a person who eats too much.

**mulyandu** *(o)mulyandu* n.1/2 lungfish eater • *Omuntu yeena alya endu ayetebwa mulyandu.* Any person who eats lungfish is called 'a lung fish eater'.

**mulyango** *(o)mulyango* n.3/4 door • *Ingiira mu mulyango gwa manju bairaba.* Enter through the back door, please.

**mulyankangu** *(o)mulyankangu* n.1/2 cruel person • *Omulyankangu ti kisai kumulekera baana.* It is not good to leave children under the care of a cruel person.

**mulyanyonyi** *(o)mulyanyonyi* n.3/4 type of fig tree (*Ficus ovata*) • *Omulyanyonyi guzwaku embugo.* People get barkcloth from *Ficus ovata*.

**mulyazaamaanya** [see *mulyazaamanyi*]

**mulyazaamanyi** *(o)mulyazaamanyi* n.1/2 bad debtor (a person who refuses to pay deliberatly), person who intentionally refused to pay • *Abalyazaamanyi baingi e Kampala.* There are many bad debtors in Kampala.

**mumanyi** *(o)mumanyi* n.1/2 knowledgeable person, expert • *Oni mumanyi wa kubala.* This is a knowledgeable mathematician.

**mumanzi** *(o)mumanzi* n.1/2 hero, brave person • *Uganda eizukira abamanzi baayo nga mwenda Ogwamukaaga.* Uganda remembers its heroes on the 9th of June.

**Mumbala** *(o)Mumbala* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of either the *Apus affinis* or Abdim's stork totem • *Omumbala yeizira mumbala.* Omumbala belongs to the Apus affinis clan. little swift (*Apus affinis*)

**mumbuti** *(o)Mumbuti* n.1/2 pygmy • *Abambuti bazwa Congo.* Pygmies come from Congo.

**mumbwa** *(e)mumbwa* n.9/10 medicinal clay stick (a clay stick with herbs stuffed in it) • *Akusira emumbwa ku lugiyo.* He is rubbing a medicinal clay stick against a potsherd.

**mumiisabyala** *(o)mumiisabyala* n.1/2 poisoner • *Tolyanga wa mumiisabyala kubba asobala okuweerya oburungu.* Never eat from the poisoner's house because he will poison you.

**muminsani** *(o)muminsani* n.1/2 missionary • *Abamaninsani nibo baleetere ediini ya bukulisitaayo omu Uganda.* It is the missionaries who brought Christianity in Uganda.

**mumiri** *(o)mumiri* n.1/2 person who swallows food without chewing it • *Omumiri wa mere abeera aba muwolonko.* A person who swallows food without chewing is a greedy one.

**mumiro**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mumiro* n.3/4 throat • *Obulwaire bumukwaite omu mimiro.* He has an infection in the throat.

**Mumiro**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Mumiro* n.1/2 Lango person • *Abamiro bantu baliisya era bazwa Lira ne Apacw.* The Langi people are cattle-keepers and come from Lira and Apac districts.

**mumironkooyo** *(o)mumironkooyo* n.3/4 gullet, oesophagus, food pipe • *Emere eyakala omu mumironkooyo okwaba omu munda.* The food passes through the gullet to the stomach.

**mumole** *(o)mumole* n.3/4 bundled reeds, which serve as a torch • *Koleerya omumole tufune ekitangaala.* Light the bundled reeds so that we can have some light.

**Mumooli** *(o)Mumooli* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck clan • *Abamooli beizira ngabi.* The Bamooli belong to the Bushbuck totem.

**mumuro** *(o)mumuro* n.3/4 gullet, oesophagus, food pipe • *Emere emulaaliire omu mumuro.* Food has got stuck in his gullet.

**mumwenyereketi** *(o)mumwenyereketi* n.1/2 smiley person, cheerful person, friendly person, joyful person • *Omumwenyereketi abba muntu musai okwikara naye.* A cheerful person is a nice person to live with. **mumwo** adv. that way, that direction • *Akwaite mumwo.* He has gone in that direction.

**mumyeni** *(o)mumyeni* n.1/2 mingler • *ONansiita mumyeni musai wa kaita.* Nansiita is a good mingler of millet

paste.

**munaala** *(o)munaala* n.3/4 tower, bell tower • *Omunaala gwa kanisa gugwire.* A tower of the church has fallen.

**munaanai** [see *kinanai*] (a) eight, eighth • *Abaana nabyaire munaanai.* I produced eight children. (b) **mwezi gwa munaanai** August

**munaawuuli** *(o)munaawuuli* n.1/2 troublemaker • *Omukali oyo munaawuuli wa ntalo, azuma abairaamwe awanambula nsonga.* That woman is a troublemaker, she always insults her colleagues for no reason.

**munaddiini** *(o)munaddiini* n.1/2 <from Lug.> religious person, pious person, devout person, believer, devotee • *Abanadiini mbabo bakwiza okutukulemebera omu kuramya.* The religious people are coming to lead us in prayers.

**munagiro** *(o)munagiro* n.3/4 cloak, cape, mantle, robe • *Yenagiire omunagiro oku ibega.* He threw his cloak over his shoulder.

**munaku** *(o)munaku* n.1/2 destitute person, penniless person, pauper • *Tulina abanaku baingi oku nguudo za Kampala.* The are many destitute people on Kampala's streets.

**munamukisa** *(o)munamukisa* n.1/2 lucky person • *Omunamukisa buli ky'akoore ky'akalamu.* A lucky person is always successful in whatever he does.

**munanai** [see *kinanai*] **munanansi** *(o)munanansi* n.3 juice made from a mixture of pineapple, ginger, tea leaves, and sugar

**Munandi** *(o)Munandi* n.1/2 Nandi person • *Abanandi bazwa Kenya.* The Nandi people come from Kenya. **Munankore** *(o)Munankore* n.1/2 Nkore person • *Abanankore bata baliisya ba nte.* People from Nkore are cattle keepers.

**munansi** *(o)munansi* n.1/2 indigenous person, native of a country, citizen • *Iswe tuli banansi ba Uganda.* We are the indigenous people of Uganda.

**munanuki** *(o)munanuki* n.1/2 person convinced by an explanation or facts• *Omunanuki taloopa.* A person who is convinced by the facts cannot complain.

**munanzigu** *(o)munanzigu* n.1/2 enemy, foe • *Uganda eta n'abananzigu baingi kubba etwala amagye gaayo omu nsi ezindi.* Uganda has many enemies because it sends its soldiers to other countries.

**munasaayansi** *(o)munasaayansi* n.1/2 <from En.> scientist, researcher • *Obanasaayansi atibuni basola okukyusa emisokoolo.* Scientists can now transplant bone marrow.

**Munayuganda** *(o)Munayuganda* n.1/2 Ugandan • *Abanayuganda bendya muno okubandula abakali abaingi.* Ugandans like to marry many women.

**munazaleesi** *(o)munazaleesi* n.1/2 Nazarene (person from Nazareth) • *Yesu ata munazaleesi.* Jesus is a Nazarene.

**munda**<sup>1</sup> *(o)munda* n.3/4 (a) inside, interior inner part • *Omu kubumba bakolesya ndebulyo okulamantiirya omunda omu nsuwa.* In pottery, they use a piece of calabash to smoothen the inside of a pot. (b) stomach

**munda**<sup>2</sup> adv. inside • *Sindabula ekibbambo tubone ebiri munda.* Open the parcel and let's see what is inside.

**muneberi** *(o)muneberi* n.1/2 overweight person, flabby person • *OMukasa ata muneberi baitu nga ate wa maani era mukoli.* Mukasa is a flabby person, but he is strong and hardworking.

**muneneeri** *(o)muneneeri* n.1/2 mean person, stingy person, ungenerous person • *Omuneneeri tagaba kintu kyona.* The stingy person cannot donate anything.

**mungereza** *(o)mungereza* n.1/2 Englishman • *Abangereza boota omuuro omu biseera bya butiti.* The English warm themselves from the fireplace during winter.

**muni** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**muniki** *(o)muniki* n.3/4 piece of something edible (e.g. meat, jackfruit), segment, slice • *Omwana asomoirye omuniki omu kanaga.* A child has snatched a piece of meat from the cooking pot.

**munkujumba** *(o)munkujumba* n.1/2 white person • *Ebiro bini abankunjuba baingi ku kyalo kyaiswe.* There are many white people in our village

# these days.

**munkuula** *(oku)munkuula* v.tr. *munkuire* (a) to munch, to chomp, to chew food audibly • *Ti kisai okumunkuula emere omu bantu.* It is not good to chomp food in a public place. (b) to devour, to eat ravenously, to eat with zest, to eat with gusto • *Oisemaka akumunkuula ebiyaata binyaata.* The family head is eating the potatoes ravenously without sauce.

**Munno** *Munno* n.1a name of a newspaper • *Amawuuro ga Munno tigakyatundwa.* Munno newspaper is no longer on the market.

**muno** adv. (a) plenty, much • *Muli baingi muno okubbasya mu kisiika kini.* You are too many to stay in this room. (b) long (of time) • *Alwirewo muno okwika.* He has taken long to arrive.

**munobe** *(o)munobe* n.1/2 hated one, enemy • *Omunobe tibaamuwaire mere.* The hated one was not given food.

**Munono** *(o)Munono* n.1/2 male member of the leopard totem • *Abanono beizira ngoi.* The Banono belong to the Leopard clan.

**munsuti** *(o)munsuti* n.3/4 tail of a bird, rectrices, tail feathers • *Abaana bamaisire omunsuti gwa kinyonyi.* Children have plucked tail feathers of the bird.

**muntu** *(o)muntu* n.1/2 person, human • *OKanca yatondere abantu ab'enjawulo lwa nsonga.* God created many different people for a reason.

**munubbi** *(o)munubbi* n.1/2 Nubian person • *Abanubbi baingi e Bombo.* There are many Nubians in Bombo. **mununuli** *(o)mununuli* n.1/2 saviour, redeemer • *OYesu yaizire oku nsi nk'omununuli waiswe.* Jesus came to the world as our saviour.

**munwa** *(o)munwa* n.3/4 (a) mouth • *Bbumbata omunwa gwamu!* Shut your mouth please! (b) lip • *Eminwa gyamwe giriku ebyoya.* His lips have wounds on them. (c) beak, bill

• *Ontuwai abba n'omunwa ogusai.* A crested crane has a nice-looking beak.

**munwagwansi** *(o)munwagwansi* n.1/2 deceiver, liar • *Omuntu omunwagwansi tiyesigika.* A liar cannot be trusted.

**munwe** *(o)munwe* n.3/4 unit, single, item, cigarette stick • *Mperyayo omunwe gwa sigala.* Give me cigarette.

**munyaanya**<sup>1</sup> [see also *nyaanya*] *(o)munyaanya* n.3/4 tomato (*Lycopersicon esculentiym*) • *Yaba oku munyaanya ondeetere enyaanya.* Go to the tomato plant and bring for me tomatoes.

**munyaanya**<sup>2</sup> *(o)munyaanya* n.1/2 term of address used to address a female sibling to a male • *Nyakato munyaanya wa Isingoma.* Nyakato is a sister to Isingoma.

**munyage** *(o)munyage* n.1/2 captive, prisoner• *Abanyage baingi batulugunyizibwa ebiro bini ate nga kyendai mateeka.* Many captives are mistreated these days, yet it is against

# the law.

**munyagi** *(o)munyagi* n.1/2 grabber, thief, robber • *Abanyagi baitire omusaiza atalina musango.* The grabbers have killed an innocent man.

**munyago** *(o)munyago* n.3 loot, booty, prey • *Abalwani ba Uganda baaleetere omunyago gwingi okuzwa e Congo.* Ugandan fighters brought a lot of loot from Congo.

**munyai** *(o)munyai* n.3/4 Jackson's forest lizard (*Adolfus jacksoni*) • *Omunyai gusula mu nyumba.* The Jackson's forest lizard lives in people's houses.

**munyakuli** *(o)munyakuli* n.1/2 pickpocket, bag-snatcher • *Enguudo za Kampala ziriku abanyakuli baingi.* There are many pickpockets in the streets of Kampala.

**Munyala** *(o)Munyala* n.1/2 person from Bunyala • *Abanyala baingi omu Busoga.* There are many Banyala people in Busoga.

**munyalalo** *(o)munyalalo* n.3 watery stool, diarrhoea • *Onkeremba anieire munyalalo.* The baby has defecated watery stool.

**munyale** *(o)munyale* n.3 soot • *Omuuro guleeta omunyale omu jokooni.* Fire causes soot in the kitchen.

**Munyama** *(o)Munyama* n.1/2 (a) male member of one of the clans of the White-browed robin-chat totem • *Abanyama beizira nyonzai.* The Banyama people belong to the White-browed robin chat totem. (b) name given to the boat which Kakungulu used to sail on lake Kyoga • *Eryato oKakungulu lye yakolesyanga oku Kyoga baryetanga 'Munyama'.* The boat which Kakungulu used on Lake Kyoga was called 'Munyama'.

**munyamanga** *(o)munyamanga* n.1/2 foreigner, non-native, stranger • *Abanyamanga baingi omu Kayunga.* There are many foreigners in Kayunga.

**munyamateeka** *(o)munyamateeka* n.1/2 lawyer, attorney, legal advisor • *Abanyamateeka ba Lukwago tibabonekere omu kooti.* Lukwago's lawyers have not appeared in the court.

**munyanya** *(o)munyanya* n.3 place where orphans sit when a heir is going to be installed • *Bamulekwa babeekalisya ku munyanya nka bataaku omusika.* The orphans sit in a place called 'omunyanya' when the heir is being installed.

**munyanzigu** <Ruruuli> *(o)munyanzigu* n.1/2 enemy, foe • *Kitalo muno okubba ne mukama waamwe nga munyanzigu waamu.* It is a pity to have the boss as your enemy.

**munyanzugu** [see *munyanzigu*] <Lunyala>

**Munyarwanda** *(o)Munyarwanda* n.1/2 Rwandan • *Abanyarwanda banansi ba Rwanda.* Rwandans are citizens of Rwanda.

**munyeera** *(o)munyeera* n.1a/10 type of small ants, they assemble in large numbers on uncovered meat or bones • *Munyeera atambulya obusiisa obuleeta endwaire.* The small ant transmits bacteria which cause diseases.

**munyeeri** *(o)munyeeri* n.1a/10 marsh mongoose (*Atilax paludinosus*) • *Omunyeeri alya enkoko.* The marsh mongoose preys on chicken.

**munyeeto** *(o)munyeeto* n.3 (a) teenage years (13 to 19 years of age) • *Abaala abaikire oku munyeeto banyereketa.* Girls in their teens look pretty. (b) generation, age group, peer group • *Omunyeeto gwaiswe gwali gusai, kubba tiwaaliwo siriimu.* Our generation was good because there was no HIV/AIDS.

**munyerere** *(o)munyerere* n.3/4 soft hair • *Nta n'eisoke erya munyerere.* I have soft hair.

**munyiriro** *(o)munyiriro* n.3 good appearance, goo looks • *Onte wange aizireku omunyiriro.* My cow got a good appearance.

**munyolo** [see also *kinyolo*] *(o)munyolo* n.3/4 doorknob, door handle • *Olwige lwange ndutaireku omunyolo.* I have put a doorknob on my door.

**munyololo** *(o)munyololo* n.3/4 drawbar (a solid coupling between a hauling vehicle and its hauled load)

• *Gula omunyololo ogundi guni gukairikire.* Buy another drawbar, this one has grown old.

**munyonyogano** *(o)munyonyogano* n.3/4 scuffle, commotion • *Wabbaireyo omunyonyogano omu lukiiko.* There has been a scuffle in the meeting.

**munyonyoli** *(o)munyonyoli* n.1/2 teacher of the Law • *E Isirayiri waliyo abanyonyoli ba mateeka baingi.* There are plenty of teachers of the Law in Israel.

**Munyoro** *(o)Munyoro* n.1/2 person who comes from Bunyoro • *Abanyoro bazwa Bunyoro.* The Banyoro people come from Bunyoro.

**munyoroozi** *(o)munyoroozi* n.3/4 earthworm • *Obunyoroozi buboneka kwa ikendi.* Earthworms appear during rainy season.

**munyungula** *(oku)munyungula* v.tr. *munyungwire* to rinse (clothes), to wash out

**munyungulya** *(oku)munyungulya* v.tr. *munyungwirye* to rinse (clothes), to wash out • *Ntandikire okumunyungulya engoye.* I have started rinsing clothes.

**munyunyula** *(o)munyunyula* n.3/4 *Markhamia lutea* • *Omunyunyula musaale gugumu. Markhamia lutea* is a hard tree.

**munyuunyunti** *(o)munyuunyunti* n.1/2 exploiter, oppressor (lit. the one who sucks) • *Abamusigampiiya abasinga okwiza omu Uganda banyuunyunti.* Many of the investors who come to Uganda are exploiters. **munywani** *(o)munywani* n.1/2 pal, close friend, blood brother • *Munywani wange tonzwamu ninje waamu.* My friend, do not give up on me, I am your friend!

**munywengete** *(o)munywengete* n.3/4 head louse • *Omunywengete gukumutambuura omu mpaata.* A louse is moving on his bald head.

**munywi** *(o)munywi* n.1/2 (a) drunkard, alcoholic • *Olususu lukucucukire nk'olwa munywi.* Your skin is pale like that of a drunkard. (b) friend, companion, soul mate, mate • *ONampala munywi wa mukago wange.* Nampala is my close friend. (c) **munywi wa njaaye** marijuana consumer (d) **munywi wa taaba** smoker **mupaapaali** *(o)mupaapaali* n.3/4 pawpaw tree, papaya tree • *Omupaapaali gutandikire okwizaku amapaapaali.* The pawpaw tree has started yielding fruits.

**mupaati** *(o)mupaati* n.1/2 alien, stranger, outsider • *Lwaki okunyakalya nk'omupaati.* Why do you treat me like a stranger?

**mupakasi** *(o)mupakasi* n.1/2 labourer, manual worker, worker • *Atwaire bapakasi mu ndumiro.* He has taken the labourers to the garden.

**mupalisi** *(o)mupalisi* n.3/4 <from Sw.> mattress • *Titulina mupalisi gwa kuraaraku.* We have no mattress to sleep on.

**mupeeki** *(o)mupeeki* n.1/2 person who pesters others, person who annoys others, nuisance

**mupeera** *(o)mupeera* n.3/4 guava tree (*Psidium guajava*) • *Ebikoola bya mapeera biryamu eisagama.* Guava's leaves are used treat

anaemia.

**Mupiina** *(o)Mupiina* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem • *OBintubizibu musaiza Mupiina.* Bintubizibu belongs to the Bushbuck clan.

**mupiira** *(o)mupiira* n.3/4 (a) tyre • *Omupiira gwa motoka gupuulinkire.* The tyre has burst. (b) ball • *Tukwiza kwendyayo emipiira amakumi abiri egya mpaka.* We will need twenty balls for the tournament. (c) football (game) • *OMesi muzeenyi wa mupiira musai.* Mesi plays football very well. **mupoliisi** *(o)mupoliisi* n.1/2 police officer, policeman • *Omupoliisi yabakwaite.* The police officer arrested them.

**mupolotesitanti** *(o)mupolotesitanti* n.1/2 <from En.> Protestant • *Abapolotesitanti bata mu kanisa ya Uganda.* Protestants belong to the Church of Uganda.

**mupunta** *(o)mupunta* n.1/2 surveyor (of land)

**muraka** *(o)muraka* n.3 appeal, request, plea • *Nkutaka kubakubbira omuraka muleke abaana abaala basome.* I would like to appeal to you to leave girls in school.

**murama** *(o)murama* n.3/4 *Combretum molle* • *Omurama guzwamu enkwi ezisai. Combretum molle* provides good firewood.

**Muranzi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Muranzi* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the African civet cat totem • *Abaranzi beizira yimbe.* Abaranzi belong to African civet cat totem.

**muranzi**<sup>2</sup> [see *mulangi*]

**murasi** *(o)murasi* n.1/2 enemy, foe • *Oli murasi wange. Otansembeera.* You are my enemy. Don't come near me.

**muringa** *(o)muringa* n.3/4 bangle, bracelet • *Abakali bataka muno okuzwala emiringa.* Women like wearing bangles a lot.

**murongo** *(o)murongo* n.3/4 white nongo (*Albizia glaberrima*, mediumsized tree used for constructing a traditional shrine) • *Omurongo gukola empagi za birooro. Albizia glaberrima* wood is used to construct shrines.

**murongooro** *(o)murongooro* n.3/4 salary, wage • *Nkwaba kutunga murongooro gwange.* I am going to receive my salary.

**Murooma** *(o)Murooma* n.1/2 Roman • *Abarooma abasinga babba bakatuliki.* Most Romans are Catholics.

**muruguza** *(o)muruguza* n.1/2 subcounty chief • *Ndi ani oku iriguza nkubendeera muruguza.* I am here at the subcounty waiting for the subcounty chief.

**murumunyai** *(o)murumunyai* n.3/4 lizard • *Emirumunyai zitaka okubba omu nyumba ya isubi.* Lizards like living in grass-thatched houses.

**murundi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)murundi* n.3/4 round, time • *Nyabireyo emirundi ebiri tinkumwajaayo.* I have gone there two times without finding him there. **murundi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)murundi* n.1/2 Burundian • *ABarundi baingi bairukiire omu Uganda olwa ntalo eziri ewaabwe.* Many Burundian have fled into Uganda because of wars in their country.

**murundu** [see also *kirundu*] *(o)murundu* n.3/4 *Antiaris toxicaria* (a tree in the mulberry and fig family)

**murusuura** *(o)murusuura* n.1/2 robber, thief • *Abarusuura baibbire ebintu by'abantu.* Robbers have stolen people's property.

**Muruuli** *(o)Muruuli* n.1/2 Ruuli person

**Muruuru** *(o)Muruuru* n.1/2 Alur person • *ABaruuru babba Arua.* The Alur people live in Arua.

**muruusi** *(o)muruusi* n.3/4 she-goat • *Omuruusi gwa mbuli wange gudooli.* My she-goat is small.

**muruusuura** *(o)muruusuura* n.1/2 royal guard, soldier (specifically from Bunyoro) • *Abaruusuura babapangisyanga okulwana entalo mu Uganda.* The Bunyoro royal guards used to be hired to fight wars in Uganda.

**murwa** *(o)murwa* n.3/4 (a) ritual, tradition, custom, ceremony • *Tumaare omurwa ogwa kugemba eisoke.* We have completed the ritual of shaving off the hair. (b) **(kw)ica (o)murwa** to do shoddily, to do badly, to do poorly • *Enyumba ye yagyombokere kwica murwa.* He built the house shoddily.

**Musa** *(o)Musa* n.1/2 Moses • *OMusa yacungwire abaana ba Isirayiri.* Moses redeemed the Israelites.

**musaagi** *(o)musaagi* n.1/2 person who likes to crack jokes, joker, jester • *Omuntu omusaagi musai muno okubba naye.* A person who likes to crack jokes with people is a blessing to have around.

**musaala** *(o)musaala* n.3/4 (a) salary, wage • *Nkwaba kutunga musaala gwange ogwa mukaaga.* I am going to receive my salary for June. (b)

**musaalaba** *(o)musaalaba* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> cross, crucifix • *OYesu bamubambire oku musalabba.* Jesus was crucified on the cross.

**musaale** *(o)musaale* n.3/4 (a) tree • *Ewaamwe waliyo omusaale ogukooto.* There is a big tree at his home. (b) **musaale gwa goolo** goal post • *Omusaale gwa goolo gugwire olwa ikendi omwingi.* The goal post has fallen due to heavy rainfall.

**musaalo** *(o)musaalo* n.3/4 prayer mat • *Emizigiti gibbamu emisaalo.* There are prayer mats in mosques.

**musaami** *(o)musaami* n.1/2 assistant to a herbalist • *Omusaami niye ayambaku omusawu wa kinansi okukumbaania omubazi.* The assistant herbalist is the one who helps the herbalist to collect herbs. barkcloth maker • *Omusaami wa mbugo amaare okusaama embugo.* The barkcloth maker has finished making barkcloth.

**musaanyi** *(o)musaanyi* n.1/2 swimmer • *Omusaanyi waiswe awangwire empaka za kusaanya.* Our swimmer has won the swimming competitions.

**musaasira** *(o)musaasira* n.3/4 type of tree whose bark is used as a catalyst in making banana juice

**musaasirwa** *(o)musaasirwa* n.1/2 freed person (e.g. prisoner, hostage) • *Omusaasirwa aireyo eka.* A freed person has gone back home.

**musaawi** *(o)musaawi* n.1/2 mower • *Omusaawi ali ampi kumala okusaawa olukomera.* The mower is about to finish mowing the lawn.

**musaayi** *(o)musaayi* n.3 (a) blood • *Epikipiki yamubbandire n'azwamu omusaayi gwingi.* The motorcycle knocked him, and he lost a lot of blood. (b) breed • *Zini ente za musaayi ki?* Which breed are these cows? **musaayiirya** *(o)musaayiirya* n.1/2 shoeshiner, boot polisher • *Omusaayiirya wa nkaito tamaite kusaayiirya ate mubeyegi.* That shoeshiner does not know how to shine shoes, and he is a liar.

**musabbi** *(o)musabbi* n.3/4 fishing stick used to trap mudfish • *Ayabire Kasubi kutema misabbi.* He has gone to Kasubi to cut fishing sticks for trapping the mudfish.

**musabi** *(o)musabi* n.1/2 (a) churchgoer, prayerful person, devout person • *Ereero abasabi babbaire baingi omu kanisa.* There were many churchgoers in the church today. (b) intercessor • *Buli kanisa erina okubbaamu abasabi.* Every church must have a group of intercessors.

**musabiirya** *(o)musabiirya* n.1/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> beggar • *Omu kibuga ekikulu mulimu abasabiirya baingi muno.* There are very many beggars in the city.

**Musaddukaayo** *(o)Musaddukaayo* n.1/2 Sadducee (a sect or group of Jews that was active in Judea during the Second Temple period) • *OBasaddukaayo baawaireyo oYesu bamwite.* The Sadducees handed over Jesus to be crucified.

**musagiki** *(o)musagiki* n.1a/2 supporter • *Opurezidenti yatendere abasagiki baamwe olwa buguminkiriza.* The president acclaimed his supporters for being patient.

**Musaigi** *(o)Musaigi* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Waterbuck totem • *Abasaigi beizira nzobe.* The Basaigi belong to the Waterbuck clan.

**musaiza** *(o)musaiza* n.1/2 man, male, adult male, guy • *Omusaiza ayatirye olukwi.* The man has split the firewood into two.

**musaka-maizi** *(o)musaka-maizi* n.3/4 taproot • *Omutumba tigubba na musaka-maizi.* Milicia excelsa tree has no taproot.

**musakala** *(o)musakala* n.3/4 type of large banana plant, yields soft food • *Amatooke ga musakala gawooma.* Musakala makes good banana meal.

**musaki** *(o)musaki* n.1/2 hole-digger • *Omusaki wa biina amaare okusaka ebiina bya muwogo.* The hole-digger has finished digging the holes for planting cassava.

**musalabba** *(o)musalabba* n.3/4 cross (used for crucifixion) • *OYesu bamubambire oku musalabba.* Jesus was crucified on the cross.

**musalamala** *(o)musalamala* n.1/2 lumberjack, tree feller • *Abasalamala bamaarewo emisaale gyaiswe.* The tree fellers have cut all our trees.

**musalankwawa** *(o)musalankwawa* n.3/4 sleeveless clothing • *Abakali bendya muno okuzwala omusalankwawa.* Women like wearing sleeveless clothes.

**musale** *(o)musale* n.3/4 cut, laceration • *Abakaramoja bata n'emisale omu maiso.* Karamojong have cuts in their faces.

**musali** *(o)musali* n.1/2 butcher, slaughterer • *Okusigikira oku isemateeka wa Uganda, abasali ba bisolo balina kubba basiraamu.* According to the constitution of Uganda, animal slaughters have to be Moslems. circumcision surgeon • *Abasali bafunire okutendekebwa omu nsala ya kikugu.* The circumcision surgeons have been trained in modern circumcision techniques.

**musaliire** *(o)musaliire* n.1/2 circumcised • *Abasaiza abasaliire basabiibwe okukubiriza abandi boona okusaliirwa.* All the circumcised men have been asked to encourage others to be circumcised.

**musalo** *(o)musalo* n.1/2 an animal on heat • *Ombuli wange ali ku musalo.* My she-goat is on heat.

**Musamaliya** *(o)musamaliya* n.1/2 (a) Samaritan (a person from the region of ancient Palestine around Samaria, between Galilee in the north and Judaea in the south) (b) **Musamaliya (o)musai** good Samaritan, charitable person, helpful person • *Omusamaliya omusai ye muntu ajuna abandi.* A good Samaritan is a person who helps others.

**musambansone** *(o)musambansone* n.3/4 animal that escapes from being slaughtered • *Tingula musambansone.* I don't buy an animal that escaped from being slaughtered.

**musambi** *(o)musambi* n.1/2 player • *Omusambi wa mupiira yagwire n'asubwa okuteeba egoolo.* The football player fell and missed scoring a goal. **Musambu** *(o)Musambu* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Heron totem • *Abasambu beizira walugaaga.* The Basambu belong to the Heron clan.

**musambwa** *(o)musambwa* n.3/4 spirit, ghost • *Olusozi lwa Ibbaale luliku omusambwa.* There is a ghost at Bbaale hill.

**musambya** *(o)musambya* n.3/4 *Markhamia lutea* (tree often used in house construction and for certain types of xylophones, Nile tulip) • *Omusambya gubba musaale gugumu. Markhamia lutea* is a hard tree.

**musamize** *(o)musamize* n.1/2 traditional priest • *Abasamize baikiririza omu diini ya buwangwa.* Traditional priests believe in traditional religion.

**musandaigi** *(o)musandaigi* n.1/2 (a) person who sews the hem of the mat • *Omusandaigi amaliriirye okuta ensandaigo oku mukeeka.* The hem sewer has finished putting a hem on to the mat. (b) traditional healer who performs blood-letting, traditional cupper, traditional acupuncturist (who cuts the body and puts herbs in the cuts as a way of treating people)

**musangi** *(o)musangi* n.1/2 <from Sw.> brother-in-law (specifically, one's wife's sister's husband) • *Musangi wange yatwaire omukali wange.* My brother-in-law has taken my wife.

**musango** *(o)musango* n.3/4 (a) crime, law case, offence • *Wairye musango ki?* Which crime did you commit? (b) **sala (o)musango** to give verdict, to bring in a verdict • *Omulamuli akwaba kusala musango.* The judge is going to give verdict on the case.

**musanju** num. (a) seven, seventh • *Ono alina abaana musanju.* This one has seven children. (b) **mwezi gwa musanju** July

**musansa** [see also *lusansa*] *(o)musansa* n.3/4 wild date palm (*Phoenix reclinata*) • *Ebikoola bya musansa bikolesebwa okuluka emikeeka.* The leaves of the wild date palm are used to weave mats.

**musasa** *(o)musasa* n.3/4 *Shirakiopsis elliptica* or *Sapium ellipticum* (forestedge tree, its wood is hard and is

used for making anvils for beating bark cloth and for making charcoal) **musaveya** *(o)musaveya* n.1/2 <from En.> land surveyor • *Abasaveya bakupima eitakali lyange.* The land surveyors are surveying my land.

**musawo** [see *musawu*]

**musawu** *(o)musawu* n.1/2 doctor, medical practitioner, clinician • *Eirwaro lya Nakasongola ndoomu basawu bakumala.* Nakasongola health centre has few medical practitioners. **Musebeyi** *(o)Musebeyi* n.1/2 person who comes from Sebei • *OMusebeyi azwa Sebei omu nsozi.* The Sebei people come from the mountainous region of Sebei.

**museegi** *(o)museegi* n.1/2 pauper, beggar, destitute person • *Omuseegi afeereire oku nzira.* The pauper has died on the side of the road.

**museegu** *(o)museegu* n.1/2 (a) trainer of traditional priests • *Omwana bamutwaire ku museegu kwega bufumu.* The child has been taken to the trainer of traditional priests to be trained as a traditional healer. (b) shameless person, immoral person, dissolute person • *Waaliwo omusaiza omuseegu eyazyegulanga.* There was a vulgar man who used to speak vulgarly.

**museenyi** *(o)museenyi* n.3/4 firewood collector • *Nje nkola nk'omuseenyi wa nkwi.* I work as a firewood collector.

**museera**<sup>1</sup> *(o)museera* n.3/4 fullgrown chicken which has not yet

produced eggs • *Omuseera gubba n'enyama egigondu.* A young chicken that has not yet produced eggs has soft meat.

**Museera**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Museera* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Rhino totem

**museese** *(o)museese* n.3/4 *Rhus natalensis* • *Omuseese gubba musaale gugumu. Rhus natalensis* is a hard wood tree.

**museetwe** *(o)museetwe* n.3/4 flat land, flat road • *Twikire oku museetwe.* We have reached a flat road.

**musege** [see *musegwe*]

**musegwe** *(o)musegwe* n.3/4 wolf • *Omusegwe gubba gwandi.* A wolf is a fierce animal.

**musengeerya** *(o)musengeerya* n.1/2 follower, fan, enthusiast, devotee • *Buli musumba abbaaku abasengeerya.* Every pastor has followers.

**musengi** *(o)musengi* n.1/2 new settler • *Oyo musengi oku itakali lini.* That is a new settler on this land.

**Musenja** *(o)Musenja* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Feather-legged hen clan • *Abasenja beizira onkonko wa byoya ku magulu.* The Basenja belong to the Featherlegged hen.

**musenka** *(o)musenka* n.3/4 *Oxalis* (species of the wood sorrel family) • *Omusenka tulyaku byana.* We eat *Oxalis*.

**musense** [see *museese*]

**musenyi** *(o)musenyi* n.3/4 pullet, young hen • *Nguure omusenyi gwa*

*nkoko.* I have bought a pullet.

**musenyu** *(o)musenyu* n.3/4 sand • *Omusenyu gwomboka enyumba.* Sand is used to build houses.

**musereki** *(o)musereki* n.1/2 thatcher, roofer • *Omusereki wa nyumba yange mukugu.* The roofer of my house is skilled.

**museri** *(o)museri* n.1/2 cannibal, practitioner of the black magic believed to dance around naked at night and to have powers to enter corpses • *Twatyekere omuseri ni tumukwata.* We ambushed the cannibal and we caught him.

**Musese** *(o)Musese* n.1/2 person who comes from the Sese islands • *Omusese azwa Ssese.* Musese is someone who comes from the Ssese islands.

**Museveni** *(o)Museveni* n.3 reign of Museveni, era of Museveni • *Oluguudo olwo lwa koleibwe ku mulembe oMuseveni.* That road was constructed during Museveni's era.

**musibe** *(o)musibe* n.1/2 prisoner, captive • *Abasibe babatulugunya muno omu nkomyo.* The prisoners are mistreated in prisons.

**musibi w'abagole** *(o)musibi w'abagole* 1/2 **musibi w'abagole** bridal hairdresser, bridal stylist • *Omusibi w'abagole niye ayoyoota eisoke lya bagole.* The bridal stylist is the one who treats the brides' hair.

**musigampiiya** *(o)musigampiiya* n.1/2 investor, venture capitalist • *Abamusigampiiya abanambulamu baingiire omu Uganda.* Fake investors have entered Uganda.

**musigazi** *(o)musigazi* n.1/2 teenager, adolescent, youth, young person • *Abasigazi baingi bakutaka kuwebwa ntandikwa batandikewo obulimu obudooli.* Many youths want to be given a starting capital to start small businesses.

**musigire** *(o)musigire* n.1/2 assistant, deputy • *Ninje musigire wa kamara.* I am the deputy to the county chief. **musigo** *(o)musigo* n.3/4 oar, paddle •

*Leeta omusigo ngimbe obwato.* Bring an oar and I'll ride the boat.

**musiguli** *(o)musiguli* n.1/2 tempter, adulterer, seducer • *Omusiguli baamwitire kubbi muno.* The seducer has been killed mercilessly.

**musiigi** *(o)musiigi* n.1/2 painter, person who paints buildings • *Omusiigi aizire okusiiga ebyomboko bya isomero.* The painter has come to paint the school buildings.

**musiiki** *(o)musiiki* n.1/2 person who fries or roasts food (e.g. chapatti, fish)

**musiiro** *(o)musiiro* n.3/4 wave that sweeps the shore • *Omusiiro gutwaire esaani ze mbaire nkunaabya.* The shore waves washed away plates which I was washing.

**musiisi** *(o)musiisi* n.1/2 sinner, spoiler • *OYesu yayizire okulokoka abasiisi.* Jesus came to save the lives of sinners.

**musiisikali** *(o)musiisikali* n.1/2 degenerate, pervert • *Omuntu omusiisikali bamubbwere.* They arrested the

# degenerate.

**Musiita** *(o)Musiita* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Sheep totem • *Abasiita beizira ntaama.* The Basiita belong to the Sheep clan.

**musiiyaani** *(o)musiiyaani* n.1/2 nymphomaniac, person with hypersexuality • *Omukali oyo musiiyaani.* That woman is a nymphomaniac.

**musika** *(o)musika* n.1/2 heir • *Emambya tukwaba kutaaku omusika.* We are going to install the heir tomorrow.

**musikamooli** *(o)musikamooli* n.3/4 <from En.> sycamore tree • *Omusaale omusikamooli gubazibwaku omu Bbaibbuli.* The Bible talks about the sycamore tree.

**musikawutu** *(o)musikawutu* n.1/2 <from En.> boy scout • *Omusikawutu wa mugaso muno omu kitundu.* A scout is of great use in the community.

**musimooli** *(o)musimooli* n.1/2 talkative person, loquacious person, chatterer, tattler • *Omusimooli takunagisya itungo.* A talkative person should not make you lose what you have. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**musinde** *(o)musinde* n.3/4 loud sound, bang, roar, thud, crash • *Mpuliire omusinde gw'amaani omu kibuga.* I have heard a roar in the city.

**musinga** *(o)musinga* n.3/4 bangle made of copper • *Omagado yaguure emisinga.* Magado bought bangles made of copper.

**musingabakali** *(o)musingabakali*

n.3/4 African tulip tree, Nandi flame, Nile flame (traditional medication used to treat erectile dysfunction, *Spathodea campanulata*) • *Abanayuganda bakolesya omusingabakali okufuna amaani gakisaiza.* Ugandans use *Spathodea campanulata* as an aphrodisiac.

**musingi** *(o)musingi* n.3/4 foundation, base, substructure • *Ntandikire okwomboka omusingi gwa nyumba.* I have started constructing the foundation of the house.

**musingo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)musingo* n.3/4 collateral, surity, bail, guarantee, down payment, security • *Namuwaire emotoka yange nk'omusingo ku ibanza.* I gave him my car as surety for the loan.

**Musingo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Musingo* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Leopard totem • *Abasingo beizira ngwei.* The Basingo belong to the Leopard clan.

**musino** *(o)musino* n.3/4 clitoris • *Abakali abasebeyi babasalaku emisino.* The Sebei women have their clitoris cut.

**musipi** *(o)musipi* n.3/4 (a) belt • *Tindina mpiiya kweguura musipi guyaaka.* I don't have money to buy myself a new belt. (b) white collar on a dove's neck • *Onkayiba abba n'omusipi omu ikoti.* The dove has a white collar on the neck.

**musiraamu** *(o)musiraamu* n.1/2 Muslim • *Abasiraamu baikiriirya mu Allah.* Muslims believe in Allah.

**musiri** *(o)musiri* n.3/4 garden, field • *Yalumire omusiri gwa njaaye.* He planted a field of marijuana.

**musirikale** *(o)musirikale* n.1/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> soldier • *Omusirikale omutendeke tabba mwandi.* A well-trained soldier is not cruel. **musiriki** *(o)musiriki* n.1/2 quite person • *Omusiriki tabba na bya kweizukya.* A quiet person has no regrets. **musiru** *(o)musiru* n.1/2 stupid person, fool • *Kanja okweyakalya nk'omusiru.* Stop behaving like a fool.

**musisi** *(o)musisi* n.1 earthquake • *E Kasese bagadibwa muno omusisi.* People in Kasese are affected by the earthquake a lot.

**musisiri** *(o)musisiri* n.3/4 (a) rainy wind (blown towards people) • *Igala olwige omusisiri gwakaliriirye.* Close the door the rainy wind is too much. (b) shock, fright, scare, fear • *Nafunyire omusisiri ni nabwoine omutumbi oku lubalaza lwange.* I had a shock of my life when I saw a dead body on the veranda of my house.

**musitale** *(o)musitale* n.3/4 line, dash, stroke • *Kubba omusitale ogugolokoki omu kitabo kyamu.* Draw a straight line in your book.

**musitami** *(o)musitami* n.1/2 squatter • *Eitakali lyange liriku abasutami baingi.* My land has many squatters.

**musiwa** *(o)musiwa* n.3/4 vein, blood vessel • *Omusiwa nigwo gutambulya eisagama.* A blood vessel is where blood flows.

**musizi** *(o)musizi* n.3/4 *Maesopsis em-*

*inii* (umbrella tree)

**musoboori** *(o)musoboori* n.1/2 (a) interpreter, translator • *Uganda terina basoboori ba ndimi zinansi batendeki.* Uganda does not have trained interpreters for local languages. (b) **musoboori wa mateeka** interpreter of the law • *Abasoboori ba mateeka babba Makerere.* The interpreters of the law are found in Makerere.

**musobya** *(o)musobya* n.1/2 (a) offender, culprit, wrongdoer, criminal • *Omusobya niye oyo airye omusango.* The offender is the one who commits a crime. (b) person in wrong, mistaken person • *Omulamuli yaali musobya.* The judge was in the wrong. **musobyo** <Ruruuli> *(o)musobyo* n.3/4 pointed stick for digging sweet potatoes • *Leeta omusobyo twabe tusaake ebiyaata.* Bring the digging stick, and we will go harvest sweet potatoes.

**Musoga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Musoga* n.1/2 person who hails from Busoga • *Omusoga azwa Busoga.* A Musoga hails from Busoga.

**Musogo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Musogo* n.1/2 male member of one the clans of the Blue duiker totem • *Abasogo beizira ngada.* Abasogo belong to Blue duiker clan.

**musoke** *(o)musoke* n.1 rainbow • *Omusoke kabonero akalanga nti oKanca asaasiire abantu baamu.* A rainbow is a sign that God has pardoned his people.

**musokoolo** *(o)musokoolo* n.3/4 bone

marrow • *Obanasaayansi atibuni basobola okukyusa emisokoolo.* Scientists can now transplant bone marrows.

**musokoto** *(o)musokoto* n.3/4 (a) paper cone, improvised cone-shaped container • *Enswa zaaguure azitwaliire mu musokoto.* He took the flying termites which he bought in a cone. (b) hand-rolled cigarette, roll-your-own cigarette, marijuana joint • *Nkoorayo omusokoto gwa taaba.* Make for me a roll-yourown cigarette. (c) way of wrapping the dead (a dead person is usually wrapped in several cloths) • *Orufa twamuzingire musokoto.* We wrapped the dead in cloth.

**musokyo** *(o)musokyo* n.3/4 opening of a fishing basket, mouth of a fishing basket • *Omese yanenere omusokyo.* The rat bit the opening of a fishing basket.

**musolo** *(o)musolo* n.3/4 tax • *Maare okusasula omusolo.* I have finished paying the tax.

**musombi** *(o)musombi* n.1/2 carrier (as an occupation), transporter • *Oyo musombi wa mawuli.* That is the carrier of eggs.

**musomesya** *(o)musomesya* n.1/2 teacher, instructor• *Omusomesya yasomeserye kusai abaana ni baakala.* The teacher taught students well, and they passed the exam.

**musomi** *(o)musomi* n.1/2 student • *Abasomi ba Makerere becwacwana buli mwaka.* Makerere students riot every year.

**musomo** *(o)musomo* n.3/4 seminar, workshop • *Nkwaba ku musomo gwa kanisa.* I am going for the church seminar.

**musondesya** *(o)musondesya* n.1/2 fundraiser, money mobiliser (a person who mobilises money on behalf of others, e.g. organisation) • *Omusondesya ni yaikire, abantu basondere mu bwangu esente.* When the money mobiliser arrived, the people hurriedly contributed money.

**musondi** *(o)musondi* n.1/2 contributor (who contributes money, assistance) • *Omusondi wa sente leero taliwo.* The contributor of the money is not present today.

**Musonga** *(o)musonga* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Grasshopper totem

**musongi** *(o)musongi* n.1/2 the second person who spears the animal during hunting

**musono** *(o)musono* n.3/4 fashion, trend, style, design, fad • *Omusono gwa kuzwala ebiteeteeyi ebirai gwaire.* The fashion of wearing long dresses is reintroduced.

**musonyiwe** *(o)musonyiwe* n.1/2 forgiven person, penitent, repenter • *Omusonyiwe asabire muno leke atairamu kusiisa.* The forgiven person prayed hard so that he will not sin again.

**musonyiwi** [see *musonyiwe*] **musoolesoole** adv. one by one, one at a time, singly, individually •

*Abantu baizire musoolesoole.* People came one by one.

**musoroolyabukama** *(o)musoroolyabukama* n.3/4 tax collector • *OKakooza niye musoroolyabukama wa Bunyoro.* Kakooza is the tax collector in Bunyoro kingdom.

**musoroore** *(o)musoroore* n.1/2 reject, outcast, pariah • *Omwojo odi ata musoroore, oitaamwe yamuceenere.* That boy is a reject because his father has cursed him. chosen person (biblical) • *Abeegesya bali basoroorye ba Yesu.* The disciples were the chosen of Jesus.

**musoroori** *(o)musoroori* n.1/2 person who discriminates against others on the basis of race, ethnicity or religion, racist • *Omu Uganda mulimu abasoroori baingi.* There are many people who practice ethnical discrimination in Uganda.

**musubbaawa** *(o)musubbaawa* n.3/4 <from Sw.> candle • *Omusubbaawa gulikiire.* The candle has burnt out. **musuubuli** *(o)musuubuli* n.1/2 businessman, trader • *OGalimaka niye musubuli wa mbuli.* Galimaka is the one who deals in goat selling and buying business.

**musuubuzi** [see also *musuubuli*] *(o)musubuzi* n.1/2 <from Lug.> businessman, trader • *Abasuubuzi becwacwaine olwa musolo ogw'akaliriirye.* The business people have demonstrated against high taxes.

**musuja** *(o)musuja* n.3/4 malaria • *Omusuja nibwo bulwaire obukyasi-* *ngire okwita abantu omu Uganda.* Malaria is the number one killer disease in Uganda.

**Musukwe** *(o)Musukwe* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**musuma** *(o)musuma* n.1/2 thief, robber • *Omusuma aibbire obwita bwange.* A thief has stolen my millet.

**musumaali** *(o)musumaali* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> nail (a small metal spike) • *Omusumaali gusumitire omwana omu kyemero.* A nail has pierced the child's sole.

**musumba** *(o)musumba* n.1/2 pastor • *Omusumba wa iramyo lya Kitimbwa niye Kalyango.* The pastor of Kitimbwa church is Kalyango.

**musumbi** *(o)musumbi* n.1/2 cook, brewer • *Tukwendya abasumbi abaasumbira abaana.* We need cooks who will cook for the children.

**musumeeni** *(o)musumeeni* n.3/4 <from Sw.> (a) hand saw, tree cutting machine • *Omusumeeni gusala embaawo kusai ate mu bwangu.* A hand saw cuts timber neatly and fast. (b) **musumeeni gwa mutego** bow saw • *Omusumeeni gwa mutego gubba gugumu.* The bow saw is durable.

**musumiki** *(o)musumiki* n.1/2 person who installs an heir • *Omusumiki amaare okusumika omusika.* The person who installs an heir has finished installing one.

**musumiti** *(o)musumiti* n.1/2 hunter, spearman • *Omusumiti owa kabiri ni-* *ye atwala ensica.* The hunter who is second to spear an animal takes the neck part.

**musumu** *(o)musumu* n.1/2 herbalist, traditional healer • *Abasumu bakolesya omubazi okutamba endwaire.* Traditional healers use herbs to cure diseases.

**musungi** *(o)musungi* n.1/2 satirist, comedian, comic • *Nani amaite abasungi ba kuni we bazeenyera?* Who knows where the comedians of this place perform?

**musuni** *(o)musuni wa gita* n.1/2 (a) player of a string instrument (b) **musuni wa gita** guitar player• *Omusuni wa gita tasunambe kyonkai ayemba n'okwemba.* The guitar player not only plays but also sings.

**musunku** *(o)omusunku* n.3/4 tall jungle grass used for thatching

**mususi** *(o)mususi* n.1/2 peeler, person who peels • *Abasusi b'amatooke basaaniire okubba nga batendeke.* People who peel matoke should be trained.

**mususu** *(o)mususu* n.3/4 elephant shrew • *Omususu guwunya kubbi.* The elephant shrew smells badly.

**musutai** *(o)musutai* n.3/4 *Albizia coriaria* • *Omusutai musaale gugumu. Albizia coriaria* is a hard tree.

**musuubuli** *(o)musuubuli* n.1/2 trader, dealer, merchant, buyer, seller • *Omulekwa musuubuli wa binage.* Mulekwa is a fish trader.

**musuusi** *(o)musuusi* n.3 husk (e.g. of sorghum or millet) • *Omusuusi gu-* *mugwire omu maiso.* A piece of husk has fallen in his eye.

**musuwa** *(o)musuwa* n.3/4 blood vessel • *Omusuwa gutambulya eisagama.* A blood vessel transports blood. **muswaganiiri** *(o)muswaganiiri* n.1/2 researcher, scientist • *Omuswaganiiri aizire lwa kasiisa akalya ebiduuma.* The researcher has come to research about the army worm.

**Muswairi** *(o)Muswairi* n.1/2 Swahili person

**muswaki** *(o)muswaki* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> piece of twig used for cleaning teeth as a toothbrush • *Nkolesya muswaki gwa kasaale.* I use a stick as a toothbrush.

**muswere** *(o)muswere* n.1/2 married woman • *Omukali omuswere asaine kuzwala kusai.* A married woman should dress decently.

**muswi** *(o)muswi* n.3/4 cane rat (species of the genus *Thryonomyds* used as bushmeat) • *ONnaabagereka wa Buganda yeizira muswi.* The Nnaabagereka (queen of Buganda) belongs to the Cane rat clan.

**musyeri** *(o)musyeri* n.1/2 pricegouging seller, merchant who sells at exorbitant prices • *Omusyeri atunda ebintu ku bbeeyi gikooto.* A pricegouging seller sells commodities at high prices.

**musyetete** *(o)musyetete* n.3/4 mousebird • *Omusyetete guboneka kusai.* A mousebird looks pretty.

**musyo** <Ruruuli> *(o)musyo* n.3/4 knife • *Omukali akolesya musyo oku-* *sala enyama.* The woman uses a knife to cut the meat.

**musyoli** *(o)musyoli* n.1/2 magician, witch, night dancer (UgE) • *Eizo twakwaite omusyoli ng'akusyola endumiro ya mulirirwana waamwe.* Yesterday we arrested a night dancer bewitching his neighbour's garden.

**mutaani** *(o)mutaani* n.1/2 son • *Omutaani wa Magado asweire omwala wa Mulekwa.* Magado's son married Mulekwa's daughter.

**mutaano** *(o)mutaano* n.3/4 boundary, border • *ORwabenge nigwo mutaano gwa Bulemeezi n'oBuruuli.* Rwabenge village marks the boundary between Bulemeezi and Buruuli. **mutaara** *(o)mutaara* n.3/4 *Polyscias fulva* (type of tree used for carving and handicrafts, e.g. for drums, xylophones and mortars) • *Omutaara bagubaizamu endiga. Polyscias fulva* is used to make xylophones.

**mutaawana** *(o)mutaawana* n.3/4 problem, trouble • *Otatuleetera mutawaana tuli booro.* Don't cause us problems, my dear, we are poor.

**mutaayi** *(o)mutaayi* n.1/2 friend, soul mate, companion, pal, buddy • *Omutaayi omu kyetaago abba mutaayi wa dala.* A friend in need is a friend indeed.

**mutabaali** *(o)mutabaali* n.1/2 warrior, fighter • *Abakaramoja bamaitiibwe okubba abatabaali.* The Karamojong are known to be great warriors. **mutabaazi** [see *mutabaali*]

**mutabanguli** *(o)mutabanguli* n.1/2

troublemaker, agitator • *Omuntu oyo mutabanguli ayendeerya abairaamwe.* That person is a troublemaker, he keeps inciting others.

**mutabuli** *(o)mutabuli* n.1/2 troublemaker, agitator • *Omutabuli akyankalainie omukolo gwaise.* The troublemaker has disorganised our party.

**mutagaitiirya** *(o)mutagaitiirya* n.1/2 cheerer, comedian, satirist, comic • *OMariach mutagaitiirya musai.* Mariach is a good comedian.

**mutajweka** *(o)mutajweka* n.1/2 speaker of parliament • *Owakitiinisya oKadaaga niye mutajweka wa paliyamenti ya Uganda.* Hon. Kadaaga is the speaker of Uganda's parliament.

**mutala** *(o)mutala* n.3/4 area, village, settlement, newly acquired land • *Oku mutala ogwo tibalina mere nigyo nsonga lwaki abaana baabwe tibakusoma.* In that village they do not have enough food, that is why their children cannot go to school.

**mutalabaine** [see *mutarabaine*]

**mutaliki** *(o)mutaliki* n.1/2 meat roaster, fish smoker • *Abataliki ba binage abasai batera kubba bakali ti basaiza.* Good fish smokers are usually women, not men.

**mutaliko** *(o)mutaliko* n.3/4 fish smoking rack • *Nkutaka kwomboka mutaliko gwa binage.* I want to build a fish smoking rack.

**mutamaali** *(o)mutamaali* n.3/4 type of tree which floats on water • *Omu-*

*tamaali gumera ku lukeito lwa maizi.* The floating tree grows near the water.

**mutambandulwe** *(o)mutambandulwe* n.1/2 terrorist, extremist • *Omutambandulwe aitire abantu bataanu abatalina musango.* A terrorist has killed five innocent people.

**mutambi** *(o)mutambi* n.1/2 herbalist, traditional healer, traditional doctor, witch doctor • *Omu bibuga mulimu abatambi abafere baingi.* There are many fake herbalists in cities.

**mutambuli** *(o)mutambuli* n.1/2 long distance walker, traveller, walker, pilgrim • *Abatambuli abaali bakuzwa Ethiopia bafiriire omu kabenje ka ndege.* The travellers who were leaving Ethiopia perished in a plane crash.

**mutamiire** *(o)mutamiire* n.1/2 drunkard, alcoholic • *Omutamiire atingaana nga akutambula.* A drunkard staggers while walking.

**mutandiki** *(o)mutandiki* n.1/2 (a) founder, founding father, originator • *Naani omutandiki wa kanisa ya balokole?* Who is the founder of the born-again church? (b) lead singer • *Omutandiki yalemerwe okutandika olwembo omu doboozi erisai.* The lead singer failed to start the song in the right tone.

**mutangiiri** *(o)mutangiiri* n.1/2 usher

• *Abatangiiri ba ku kanisa ya Itumba tibasanyukire bantu kusai bageni ababakyalire ewiiki eweire.* The ushers at Itumba church were not so

welcoming to the guests who visited them last week.

**mutangirizi** *(o)mutangirizi* n.1/2 guarantor, sponsor, stand-in, voucher • *Nabbwebweibwe omu nkomyo okumala emyaka eikumi lwakubba tinaalina mutangirizi.* I was kept in prison for ten years because I had no guarantor.

**mutango** *(o)mutango* n.3/4 fine, financial penalty, financial sanction • *Nkwiza kukutangisya omutango n'otaawe kitiibwa lwikala lwa kooti.* I will make you pay a fine if you don't respect the court session.

**mutaputa** *(o)mutaputa* n.1/2 interpreter, translator • *Tufune omutaputa eyatutaputira ebigambo bya mugeni.* Let's have an interpreter to interpret the visitor's speech.

**mutarabaine** *(o)mutarabaine* n.3/4 (a) accident • *Obulemu obwo yabufuniire mu mutarabaine ogwagwirewo.* He got that disability due to the accident that happened. (b) problem • *Agwire oku mutarabaine ogwa maani.* He has a serious problem.

**mutaragi** [see also *kataragi*] *(o)mutaragi* n.3/4 *Gardenia thunbergia* **mutarama** *(o)mutarama* n.3/4 type of tree

**mutawaana** *(o)mutawaana* n.3/4 danger, problem • *Babbaire bakwiza ni bafuna omutawaana.* They had a problem while they were coming.

**mutayiiri** *(o)mutayiiri* n.1/2 circumcision surgeon • *Abatayiiri ba mbalu aBagisu bata bakugu.* The traditional circumcision surgeons among the Bagisu are highly skilled.

**mutayimbwa** *(o)mutayimbwa* n.3/4 iron bar, iron rod • *Emitayimbwa tugikolesya okwomboka ebyomboke ebikooto.* We use iron bars to build huge buildings.

**mutazinduka** *(o)mutazinduka* n.1/2 habitual latecomer • *Omutazinduka alwisya abairaamwei.* A habitual latecomer delays his colleagues.

**muteekiteeki** *(o)muteekiteeki* n.1/2 organiser, planner • *Omuteekiteeki wa mizeenyo asoberye n'awaire egoolo egifu.* The organiser of the sport event has made a mistake by giving a score by mistake.

**muteeko** *(o)muteeko* n.3/4 (a) heap, stack, pile • *Buli muteeko gwa nyaanya gukugula enkumi itaanu eza siringi.* Each heap of tomatoes costs five thousand shillings. (b) basket used to store cooked food (esp. in rural areas) • *Emiteeko bagikolesya okubiika emere egisumbe nadala omu byalo.* Food storage baskets are used to keep cooked food especially in rural areas.

**muteesengeerya** *(o)muteesengeerya* n.1/2 ruthless person, merciless person • *Ti kisai omuteesengeerya okubba omunywanyi waamu.* A ruthless person is not good to have as a friend.

**mutegeki** *(o)mutegeki* n.1/2 organiser, planner • *Abategiki ba mupiira gwa leero babbaire bakupya.* The organisers of today's match were

fraud.

**mutegi** *(o)mutegi* n.1/2 fisherman, fisher • *Abategi baingi oku nyanja ya Kyoga.* There are many fishermen on Lake Kyoga.

**mutego** *(o)mutego* n.3/4 trap • *Ombiri yagwire omu mutego ogwali gutegerwe omberege.* The hippo fell into a trap which was meant for a wild pig. **mutembe** *(o)mutembe* n.3/4 short rope which holds a fishing hook on a floating rope for fishing

**mutembeeyi** *(o)mutembeeyi* n.1/2 <from Sw.> hawker, street vendor • *OKampala alimu abatembeeyi baingi.* There are many hawkers in Kampala.

**mutembo** *(o)mutembo* n.1/2 (a) food storage basket • *Tindina mutembo gwa kubiikiramu biduuma byange.* I have no food storage basket for keeping my maize. (b) twine net for carrying small water pots or milk pots (c) newcomer, new settler • *Omutembo alina okusasula empiiya za bwikali.* Every new settler has to pay a residence fee.

**mutemi** *(o)mutemi* n.1/2 butcher, slaughterer • *Omutemi wa mberege atulinkira mberege.* The pork butcher smells like pigs.

**mutemu** *(o)mutemu* n.1/2 (a) murderer, assassin • *Omutemu yatemwire omwala e Kakiri omutumbi n'agunaga omu kibira.* A murderer killed a girl at Kakiri and threw the body into the forest. (b) traditional surgeon who removes a dead foetus

# from a dead mother

**mutemuli** *(o)mutemuli* n.1/2 habitual tearer who tears clothing unsparingly • *Omwana oni mutemuli wa ngoye.* That child is a habitual tearer of clothes.

**mutendeki** *(o)mutendeki* n.1/2 trainer, coach • *Hamis niye mutendeki wa mupiira gwa magulu.* Hamis is a football coach.

**mutendera** *(o)mutendera* n.3/4 step, level, stage • *Okuwandiika ekideero kwakala mu mitendera egirangulule okusai.* Writing a dictionary goes through well-defined steps.

**mutenderi** *(o)mutenderi* n.1/2 trainer of the traditional priests • *Abakibandwa boona balina kwakala mu mikono gya mutenderi omukugu.* All traditional priests have to go through the hands of a well-trained trainer.

**mutenga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mutenga* n.3 earthquake • *Omutenga nayakala ensi eyuuguuma.* When there is an earthquake, the earth shakes.

**mutenga**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mutenga* n.3/4 hemless pot • *Nkoorayo omutenga gwa kinaga.* Make for me a hemless pot.

**mutengaiguru** *(o)mutengaiguru* n.3/4 earthquake • *Omutengaiguru eyaakaire eigolo yayitire abantu baingi muno.* Yesterday's earthquake killed many people.

**mutengeeri** *(o)mutengeeri* n.3/4 open shelter, tent-like shelter, temporary shelter• *Omu kwabya olumbe abantu bomboka emitengeeri.* During the celebration of the last funeral rites, people construct temporary structures.

**mutengenganwa** *(o)mutengenganwa* n.3/4 wild raspberry plant

**mutere** *(o)mutere* n.1a leafy plant that forms sticky sauce

**mutiini**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mutiini* n.1/2 (a) teenager, adolescent, youth, young person • *Abatiini bakubiriziibwe okwewala osiriimu ni babba nga bakusigala boomi.* The teenagers have been appealed to be aware of HIV/AIDS so that they stay healthy. (b) coward • *Omutiini tasobola kutandika mulumu kubba abba okutiina okufiirwa.* A coward cannot start a business because he fears making losses.

**mutiini**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mutiini* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> sycamore fig (*Ficus sycomorus*) • *Batukobere omu Bbaibbuli nti oZakayo yaninire omusaale omutiini.* We are told in the Bible that Zacchaeus climbed a sycamore tree. **mutima** *(o)mutima* n.3/4 heart •

*Omutima gwa mwana guliku ekiwuulu akutaka kulongoosebwa mangu.* The child's heart has a hole, he needs an urgent surgery.

**mutindo** *(o)mutindo* n.3 standard, quality, grade • *Omutindo gwa wooteeri eni gusai.* This hotel's standard is commendable.

**mutingwa** *(o)mutingwa* n.1/2 impotent man • *Kyatwewuunyisirye okuwuura nti omutingwa yabbandwire omukali.* We were shocked to learn

that an impotent man got married.

**mutintibbali** *(o)mutintibbali* n.1/2 coward • *Omutintibbali tawangula lutalo.* A coward does not win a fight.

**mutitiiro** *(o)mutitiiro* n.3 winter • *Obwire bwa mutitiiro omu Kiel bubba bufiki muno oku muntu ataikalayo.* The winter season in Kiel is too cold for a non-native.

**mutitimba** *(o)mutitimba* n.3/4 huge amount • *Ntungire omutitimba gwa mpiiya okuzwa omu bulumi.* I have got a huge amount of money from farming.

**mutitiri** *(o)mutitiri* n.3 coldness, cold weather • *Buni bwire bwa mutitiri.* This is the season for cold weather.

**muto** *(o)muto* n.1a/2 child, kid • *Ebbaibbuli ekoba nti, abo abakwisa abaana abato nibo balisikira obukama bwa mu iguru.* The Bible says that those who behave like children will inherit the kingdom of God.

**mutoko** *(o)mutoko* n.3 slowness (in doing things), lethargic behaviour, unenergetic action • *Omwana oyo ata n'omutoko.* That child is slow at doing things (lit. has slowness).

**mutoma** *(o)mutoma* n.3/4 barkcloth tree (*Ficus natalensis*) • *Omutoma tugutoolamu embugo.* We get barkcloth from the bark tree.

**mutonde** *(o)mutonde* n.1/2 human being, person, man • *Abatonde nibo bakyasingire okubba aba mutawaana oku nsi omu bitonde ebindi.* Human beings are the deadliest creatures on earth.

**Mutondi** *(o)Mutondi* n.1 creator • *Naani mutondi wa nca n'eiguru?* Who is the creator of the earth and heavens?

**mutongole** *(o)mutongole* n.1/2 subparish chief • *Omutongole akoora ansi wa muwoopi.* The sub-parish chief is under the parish chief.

**mutoni** *(o)mutoni* n.1/2 donator, donor • *Oyo niye mutoni wa nte odi.* That is the donator of that cow.

**mutonitoni** *(o)mutonitoni* n.1/2 decorator, designer • *Omutonitoni abonekeserye kusai enyumba ya Galimaka.* The decorator has made Galimaka's house look good.

**mutugunda** *(o)mutugunda* n.3/4 *Vangueria apiculata* (type of a pear tree with edible fruits) • *Omwana aniinire omusaale gwa mutugunda nafunira abeeka yaamwe ebibala.* The child climbed a *Vangueria apiculata* tree and got some fruits for her family.

**mutulika** *(o)mutulika* n.3/4 *Phyllanthus ovalifolius* (much-branched, often dense shrub or tree)• *Abamaama bakolesya mutulika okutamba oluseru mu baana.* The mothers use *Phyllanthus ovalifolius* to treat measles among children.

**mutulumbi** *(o)mutulumbi* n.3/4 dead animal, carcass, cadaver • *Nyajiirye omutulumbi gwa mbwene omu ndumiro.* I found a dead dog in my garden.

**mutumba** *(o)mutumba* n.3/4 *Milicia excelsa* (African teak, mvule, iroko) • *Omutumba guzwamu embaawo ezigumu.* Milicia excelsa gives hard timber.

**mutumbi** *(o)mutumbi* n.3/4 dead body, carcass, corpse, cadaver • *Omutumbi gwa mwala gwe baitire bagwajiirye mu kibira.* The body of the girl whom they killed was found in the forest.

**mutume** *(o)mutume* n.1/2 (a) messenger, office messenger • *OJoan akola nk'omutume oku disitulikiti ya Nakasongola.* Joan works as a messenger at the Nakasongola district headquarters. (b) apostle, disciple • *Andereya yali mutume wa Yesu.* Andrew was a disciple of Jesus.

**mutundabikaire** *(o)mutundabikaire* n.1/2 second-hand seller • *Omutundabikaire wa waiswe afuna esente zingi.* The second-hand dealer from our place gets a lot of money.

**mutundi** *(o)mutundi* n.1/2 seller, salesman, shopkeeper, merchant, trader • *Omu Uganda mutaamu abatundi abatendeke badooli.* There are few professional salesmen in Uganda.

**mutungi** *(o)mutungi* n.1/2 tailor, dressmaker • *Omutungi wa ngoye abuurye empale yange.* The tailor has lost my trousers.

**mutungurangoma** *(o)mutungurangoma* n.3/4 type of hardwood tree **mutunta** *(o)mutunta* n.3 facial hair (e.g. on the forehead) • *Nsalaku omu-* *tunta mboneke kusai.* Please shave off my facial hair so that I look beautiful.

**mutuugo** *(o)mutuugo* n.3/4 African fan palm (*Borassus aethiopum*) • *Omutuugo gukolwamu emizinga gya bwoki. Borassus aethiopum* is used to make beehives.

**mutwalo** *(o)mutwalo* n.3/4 (a) bride price (payment made by the groom to the family of the bride) • *Empisa ya kusasula omutwalo eri ampi mu buli iyanga omu Uganda.* The practice of paying bride price is present in almost every culture in Uganda. (b) ten thousand • *Ekiro ya mbuli egula mutwalo.* A kilogram of goat's meat costs ten thousand. (c) luggage, baggage • *Ayabire n'omutwalo ogutali gwamwe mu nsobi.* She has gone with a luggage that is not hers by mistake. (d) reserve food • *Biika omutwalo gwa biteere gwe twalirya okwa nzala.* Keep some dry sliced potatoes as reserve food which we will eat during famine.

**mutwe** *(o)mutwe* n.3/4 (a) head • *Omwana yabbambataire omutwe.* The child has a flat head. (b) headache • *Twala omwana waamu omu irwaliro bazuule ekikumulumisyanga omutwe buli kaseera.* Please take your child to hospital so that they figure out the cause of that constant headache. (c) head, boss, chief, leader • *Oyo niye mutwe gwa baibbi abakututigomya.* He is the ringleader of the thieves who are

terrorising us. (d) **mutwe (o)gukulu** head, boss, chief, leader • *Niiwe mutwe ogukulu mu kampuni yaiswe bbaku ky'okukola.* You are the boss in our company, do something. (e) **mutwe (o)gukulu** main idea, main topic • *Omutwe ogukulu omu rubazo lwamwe gwabbaire ki?* What was the main theme in her speech? (f) **mutwe gwa maiga** plagiocephaly shaped head • *Omwana waamwe wa mutwe gwa maiga.* His child has a plagiocephaly shaped head.

**mutyeki** *(o)mutyeki* n.1/2 person who lays in wait (for) • *Omutyeki w'abakali bamukwaite.* The person who lays in wait for women has been captured.

**muunyu** *(o)muunyu* n.3 salt • *Orungire omuunyu gwingi omu mukubi.* You have put a lot of salt into the sauce.

**muuro** *(o)muuro* n.3 (a) fire • *Wemba omuuro tusobole okufuna oku kitangala.* Light the fire so that we get some light. (b) speed (c) electricity, power • *Omuuro e Nakasongola gubbaire teguliku okumala ewiiki giramba.* Electricity has been off in Nakasongola for the whole week. (d) hellfire • *Abakoli ba bibbi balyaba mu muuro.* Sinners will go to the hellfire. (e) (of football) hard shot • *Omukwati wa goolo bamukubbire omuuro nairuka n'omu goolo.* They targeted a hard shot at the goalkeeper, and he ran away from the goal.

**muvubo** *(o)muvubo* n.3/4 bellows (a device with an air bag that emits a stream of air used for blowing air into a fire) • *Omwika gw'akala mu muvubo n'ewemba omuuro ogusaanuukya ebyoma.* The air goes through the bellows to blow the fire for smelting.

**muvubuka** *(o)muvubuka* n.1/2 teenager, adolescent, youth, young person • *Uganda niyo esinga omuwendo gwa bavubuka omu Africa.* Uganda has the biggest population of youths in Africa.

**muvuganyi** *(o)muvuganyi* n.1/2 competitor, contestant • *Omuvuganyi n'oWanzala yayakairemu gonze nga yabbaire mulwaire.* Wanzala's competitor won the race despite the fact that he was sick.

**muvugi** *(o)muvugi* n.1/2 (a) driver • *Omuvugi bamusingisirye ogwa kuvugisya ekimama.* The driver was convicted of reckless driving. (b) **muvugi wa gaali** cyclist• *Omuvugi wa gaali abbandire omuntu n'afeerawo.* The cyclist knocked a person dead. (c) **muvugi wa lupanka** gay, homosexual (d) **muvugi wa meeri** helmsman • *Titusobola kwaba ku bizinga bya Sese kubba omuvugi wa meeri mulwaire.* We cannot go to the Ssese islands because the helmsman is sick. (e) **muvugi wa ndege** pilot • *Omuvugi wa ndege yalemeibwe okwirukira oku lunyiriri lwa ndege yaabwe nagikubba ekigwo.* The pilot missed the runway and crashed the plane.

**muvule** *(o)muvule* n.3/4 *Milicia excelsa* (African teak, mvule, iroko) • *Omuvule guzwamu embaawo ezisai. Milicia excelsa* tree yields very good timbers.

**muvumbuli** *(o)muvumbuli* n.1/2 discoverer, explorer • *OJohn Hanning Speke niye omwei oku bavumbuli abasookere okwiza omu Uganda.* John Hanning Speke was one of the first explorers who came to Uganda.

**muvuyo** *(o)muvuyo* n.3/4 confusion, disorder, chaos • *Akatale kabbairemu omuvuyo gwingi leero nga tikyangu nakufuna kyokwendya.* There was a lot of confusion in the market today, you could hardly find what you wanted.

**muwadiiri** *(o)muwadiiri* n.1/2 argumentative person, belligerent person • *Omuwadiiri tasiima muntu yeena kumusinga.* An argumentative person does not allow anybody to win any argument.

**muwagiri** *(o)muwagiri* n.1/2 supporter, fan • *Omuwagiri wange omukulu omu mpaka za kubbaka niye Manjeri.* My main fan in netball competitions is Manjeri.

**muwakani** *(o)muwakani* n.1/2 protester, demonstrator • *Eizo e Kampala wabbaireyo abawakani baingi nga bakuwakanisya emisolo eginiinire.* Yesterday Kampala was full of protestors who were protesting against rising taxes.

**muwakuli** *(o)muwakuli* n.1/2 (a) harvester • *Omuwakuli wabwoki bumu-* *nenere n'afa.* Bees have stung the honey harvester dead. (b) instigator, initiator, mastermind • *Naani yali muwakuli wa kavuyo?* Who was the instigator of the strike? (c) troublemaker

**muwalani** *(o)muwalani* n.1/2 hater, foe, enemy • *Eneeyakalya eyo ekwiza okukuleetera abawalani baingi.* That behaviour will bring you a lot of haters.

**muwalimu** *(o)muwalimu* n.1/2 <from Ar. via Sw.> teacher in Islam (a title of respect given to men of learning or distinction) • *Omuwalimu aingiire omu muzigiti okwegesya enfumbirwa ya kisiraamu.* The sharia teacher has entered the mosque to teach about marriage in Islam.

**muwambe** *(o)muwambe* n.1/2 (a) abductee • *Abawambe boona bacungiirwe amaye agagaite aga Uganda ne Kenya.* All the abductees were rescued by the combined force of Uganda and Kenya. (b) prisoner of war • *Omuwambe bamutaisirye.* They released the prisoner of war.

**muwambi** *(o)muwambi* n.1/2 (a) abductor, kidnapper • *Omuwambi wa bantu bamukwaite nga akuwamba abaana basomero bataanu.* They have captured the kidnapper who was trying to kidnap five pupils. (b) coup leader • *Omuwambi awambire gavumenti n'abbuwa abaminisita.* The coup leader has overthrown the government and arrested the minis-

# ters.

**muwanda** <Ruruuli> *(o)muwanda* n.3/4 road, way, path • *Omuwanda guni gukwaba ku Nansana Primary school.* This road goes to Nansana Primary school.

**muwandiiki** *(o)muwandiiki* n.1/2 (a) author, writer • *OBintubizibu niye muwandiiki wa kitabo kini.* Bintubizibu is the author of this book. (b) secretary **muwandiiki wa lukiiko** • *Tukomye omuwandiiki wa lukiiko luni nga enkiiko ezikulu zikyali kutandika.* Appoint a secretary of the council before formal meetings begin. (c) **muwandiiki wa bakaire** secretary for elderly • *Omukyala oni niye muwandiiki wabakaire.* This lady is the secretary for the elderly. (d) **muwandiiki wa bakali** secretary for women • *Omukali wa Lwanga niye muwandiiki wa bakali.* (e) **muwandiiki wa bakyala** secretary for women (f) **muwandiiki wa balema** secretary for people with special needs (g) **muwandiiki wa basigazi** secretary for the youth • *Omuwandiiki wa basigazi akiikiira basigazi.* The secretary for the youth represents the youth.

**muwangiirya** *(o)muwangiirya* n.1/2 blackmailer • *Omuwangiirya asiisa amabara ga bantu.* A blackmailer damages people's name.

**muwanguli** [see also *wangula*] *(o)muwanguli* n.1/2 winner, champion, victor • *Omuwanguli bamuwaire ebitwo bingi muno.* They have

given the winner several gifts.

**muwanguzi** [see also *wangula*] *(o)muwanguzi* n.1/2 winner, champion, victor • *Omuwanguzi wa mpaka zaizo niye Atuhairwe.* Atuhairwe is the winner of yesterday's competition.

**muwaniiri** *(o)muwaniiri* n.1/2 supporter, helper • *OKanca niye muwaniiri wa bwomi bwange.* God is the supporter of my life.

**muwanika** *(o)muwanika* n.1/2 treasurer • *Omuwanika abiika mpiiya.* The treasurer keeps money.

**Muwarabu** *(o)muwarabu* n.1/2 Arab • *Abawarabu abamwe bazwa Misiri.* Some Arabs come from Egypt.

**muweereza** *(o)muweereza* n.1/2 servant, helper, waiter, waitress • *Omukama abba n'abaweereza abamukoora emirimu egya njawulo.* The king has different servants who support him in different capacities.

**muweesi** *(o)muweesi* n.1/2 blacksmith • *Omuweesi aweesa ebintu bingi omuli ensone, ensika n'ebipanga.* The blacksmith makes different items such as knives, hoes, and pangas.

**muwemba** [see also *mugusa*] *(o)muwemba* n.3 sorghum • *Omuwemba gukolebwamu ebintu bingi omuli amalwa, akaita, n'ebindi.* Sorghum is used for different purposes such as in making local beer and sorghum paste among others.

**muwendo** *(o)muwendo* n.3/4 (a) number, amount, quantity • *Nkobera*

*omuwendo gwa bantu abali awo.* Tell me the number of people present. (b) amount • *Timmaite muwendo gwa mpiiya ziri oku akawunti yange.* I don't know the amount of money on my account. (c) price, cost • *Nkobera omuwendo gwa kompyuta eyo.* Tell me the price of that computer. (d)

value, worth • *Eitakali lini lya muwendo ki?* What is the value of this land?

**muwi** *(o)muwi* n.1/2 (a) giver, donor (b) **muwi wa mpiiya** giver, donor, contributor • *OMatama niye muwi wa mpiiya ezikolesebwa omu kampuni eni.* Matama is the donor of the funds for this company. (c) **muwi wa magezi** advisor, consultant • *Ninje muwi wa magezi wa Museveni omukulu oku nsonga za byaitakali.* I am Museveni's chief advisor on land issues.

**muwogo** <Lunyala> *(o)muwogo* n.3/4 cassava • *Ekitongole kyabulumi e Kawanda kiwulukirye ebika biingi ebya muwogo.* Kawanda Agricultural Centre has introduced different varieties of cassava.

**muwoleerya** *(o)muwoleerya* n.1/2 pleader, defending lawyer • *Omubbwe taliku muwoleerya wakumukiikira mu mbuga.* The prisoner has no pleader to represent him in court.

**muwoli** *(o)muwoli* n.1/2 lender, loaner • *Oyo niye muwoli wa sente eyaibbire enyumba ya mukali.* That is the money lender who stole the woman's house.

**muwondi** *(o)muwondi* n.1/2 pounder • *Omuwondi awondere kubbi obwita.* The pounder has pounded the millet badly.

**muwondo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muwondo* n.3 colostrum • *Omuwondo gusai muno oku nyana omuto.* Colostrum is good for a newly born calf.

**muwondo**<sup>2</sup> *(o)muwondo* n.3/4 tree type (medium size used for locally made whistles) • *Omuwondo tukolamu empondo.* We make whistles out of muwondo.

**muwoojo** *(o)muwoojo* n.3 loneliness, solitude • *Abasawu bakobere nti okufa kwamwe kwaligire ku birowooza ebyaleeteibwe omuwoojo.* The doctors said that the main cause of his death was stress due loneliness.

**muwoopi** *(o)muwoopi* n.1/2 parish chief • *Ninje muwoopi wa kiwoopi kini.* I am the parish chief of this parish.

**muwooza** *(o)muwooza* n.1/2 tax collector, taxman • *Omuwooza atandikire okuwooza.* The tax collector has started collecting the tax.

**muworonko** *(o)muworonko* n.3 greed • *Omuworonko nigwo guligireku obukupya obwakaliriirye omu Uganda.* Greed has been the cause of the high corruption in Uganda.

**muwotokwa** *(o)muwotokwa* n.3 (of food) partial dryness, state of being half-smoked • *Ebinage bya muwotokwa bijunda mangu.* Half-smoked tilapia gets spoilt easily.

**muwula** *(o)muwula* n.3/4 piece, seg-

ment, slice (e.g. of meat), piece of boneless meat, kernel • *Omuwula gwa nyama gwamunigire olwa mudoko.* He was chocked by a piece of boneless meat because of greed.

**muwulenge** *(o)muwulenge* n.3/4 hollow • *Ekirengerenge kita n'omuwulenge.* A straw is hollow.

**muwulungutyo** *(o)muwulungutyo* n.3/4 pestle • *Omuwulungutyo guwonda ebinyeebwa.* A pestle is used to pound groundnuts.

**muwulunkaini** *(o)muwulunkaini* n.1/2 mentally unstable person, mentally disturbed person • *Abawulunkaini beyongeire obwingi olwa bunywi bwa njaaye.* There is an increased number of mentally disturbed people because of smoking marijuana.

**muwumbo** *(o)muwumbo* n.3/4 mound, heap of food (esp. matooke), large quantity of food placed in a banana leaf for cooking • *Ibula omuwumbo gwa matooke ogwo tugulye nga gukyayoca.* Serve that parcel of matoke wrapped in banana leaves so that we eat before it is cold.

**muwunda** *(o)muwunda* n.3/4 pointed metal stick used to spear catfish, pointed metal tool

**muwunguli** *(o)muwunguli* n.1/2 boat director, captain • *Omuwunguli wa lyato niye alangiira eryato gye likwira.* A boat director is the one who directs the sailor of the boat.

**muwuuli**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muwuuli* n.1/2 pounder • *Omuwuuli wa mwogo* *agwire ansi lwa kukerwa.* The cassava pounder has collapsed because of exhaustion.

**Muwuuli**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Muwuuli* n.1/2 male member of one the clans of the Duiker totem

**muwuulu** *(o)muwuulu* n.1/2 bachelor • *Omaare ibbanga ki ng'oli muwuulu?* For how long have you been a bachelor?

**muyaati** *(o)muyaati* n.3/4 type of hardwood tree (used in house construction) • *Omuyaati gwomboka enyumba.* Muyaati tree is used to construct a house.

**muyaaye** *(o)muyaaye* n.1/2 rogue, villain, scoundrel • *OKajura yafookere muyaaye, ati aibba bantu.* Kajura has turned into a rogue, he now steals from people.

**Muyali** *(o)Muyali* n.1/2 male member of one the clans of the Lungfish totem • *Omunywani wange ata Muyali.* My friend belongs to the Lungfish totem.

**Muyanja** *(o)Muyanja* n.1/2 male member of one the clans of the Lungfish totem • *OKajura ata Muyanja.* Kajura belongs to the Lungfish clan. **muyeekera** *(o)muyeekera* n.1/2 rebel, insurgent, revolutionary • *Abayeekera baitire abantu baingi omu Syria.* Rebels have killed many people in Syria.

**muyembe** *(o)muyembe* n.3/4 mango (fruit and tree) • *Nsaaraku oku muyembe ndyeku.* Slice off a piece of the mango for me to eat.

**muyigi** <Ruruuli> *(o)muyigi* n.1/2 hunter • *Omuyigi aitire ompuuli.* The hunter has killed a duiker.

**muyigirizwa** *(o)muyigirizwa* n.1/2 disciple, apostle, follower • *Omuyigirizwa wa Yesu yabbaire kyakuboneraku edi abantu boona.* The disciple of Jesus became the example to the rest of the world.

**muyigo** <Ruruuli> *(o)muyigo* n.3/4 (a) hunting, hunt • *Wabbangawo ebiseera bya muyigo.* There was time for hunting. (b) chase

**muyiigi** <Lunyala> *(o)muyiigi* n.1/2 hunter • *Omuyiigi aitire ompuuli.* The hunter has killed a bush duiker. **muyiigo** <Lunyala> *(o)muyiigo* n.3/4 (a) hunting, hunt • *Tukwaba ku muyiigo gwa miswi.* We are going on a hunt for cane rats. (b) chase • *Eizo twakoore omuyiigo gwa baibbi.* Yesterday we had a chase for thieves. **muyiisya** *(o)muyiisya* n.1/2 brewer, beer-maker • *Omuyiisya wa malwa oyo yewuunyisya, kubba ayiisya baitu te tanywaku.* That brewer is amazing, she brews beer but never drinks. **muyiito** *(o)muyito* n.3/4 time, era, epoch, generation • *Abaana ba muyiito guni tebakyawuura.* Children of this era are hard-hearted.

**muyiiya** *(o)muyiiya* n.1/2 (a) innovator • *Omuyiiya wa motoka yali wa magezi gaingi.* The car innovator was very creative. (b) composer • *Oyo muyiiya wa nyembo za kanisa ze bembere ereero.* That is the composer of all the church songs which

they have sang today.

**muyima** *(o)muyima* n.1/2 trustee, custodian, keeper • *Kyatwewuunyisirye okuwuura nti abayima batundire ebintu byona ebya kanisa.* We were shocked to learn that the trustees sold all the church property.

**muyimba** *(o)muyimba* n.3/4 type of tree (mainly found in water areas and on islands)

**muyimbo** *(o)muyimbo* n.3/4 set of xylophones • *Mbaizirayo emiyimbo isatu egya ndiga.* Make for me three sets of xylophones.

**muyimbooli** *(o)muyimbooli* n.1/2 person with the power to resurrect the dead • *OYesu niye muyimbooli wa bantu.* Jesus is the one who resurrects people.

**muyimbya** *(o)muyimbya* n.1/2 (a) mediator • *Omuyimbya ajuna amaka agatabangukire ne gafuna emirembe.* A mediator helps families with conflicts to find peace. (b) broker, dealer, middleman • *Omuyimbya agaita omuguli n'omutundi.* A broker connects the buyer and the seller.

**Muyinda** *(o)Muyinda* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Monkey totem • *Abayinda beizira nkembo.* The Bayinda belongs to the Monkey clan.

**Muyindi** *(o)muyindi* n.1/2 Indian • *Omuntu omuyindi azwa Buyindi.* An Indian comes from India.

**muyindo** *(o)muyindo* n.3 objects which come with the flood, jetsam • *Omwizulo gwa maizi gwaizire n'omuyindo omwabbaire ebinage ne bintu ebindi.* The floods came with a lot of objects which included fish as well as other items.

**Muyindu** *(o)Muyindu* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Cow totem

**muyinduli** *(o)muyinduli* n.1/2 translator, interpreter • *Abayinduli ba Bbaibbuli bali batendeke kusai omu lulimi lwe bayindulanga.* The translators of the Bible were well trained in the language they were translating.

**muyini** [see *mwini*]

**muyirikiti** *(o)muyirikiti* n.3/4 coral tree (*Erythrina abyssinica*, its leaves and bark are used to treat nausea) • *Omuyirikiti gukolesebwa okutamba okutanaka.* A coral tree is locally used to treat nausea.

**muyo** <Ruruuli> *(o)muyo* n.3/4 knife • *Omukali akolesya muyo okutiimatiima enyama.* The woman uses a knife to chop meat.

**muyondo** *(o)muyondo* n.3/4 cincture, rope-like narrow girdle • *Omwawule yabbwere omuyondo omu nkende.* The priest wore a cincture around the waist.

**muyonga** *(o)muyonga* n.3/4 (a) stray fire • *Akayonga kayokerye enyumba.* A stray fire burnt the house. (b) residue of bushfire, remains of a burnt house, burnout remains, charred remains • *Abaana beesiigire omuyonga.* The children have

smeared themselves with the residue of a bushfire.

**muyonjo** *(o)muyonjo* n.3/4 chicken basket (used to transport chicken) • *Abbwere omuyonjo gwa nkoko oku gaali.* He is carrying a chicken basket on a bicycle.

**muyonzai** *(o)muyonzai* n.3/4 *Carissa spinarum* (conkerberry or bush plum)

**muyudaaya** *(o)muyudaaya* n.1/2 Jew • *Abayudaaya babba Isirayiri.* Jews live in Israel.

**muyungi** *(o)muyungi* n.1/2 traditional bonesetter • *Omuyungi ayunga amagumba agendeki.* A traditional bonesetter sets broken bones.

**muyunjagato** [see also *muyunjiiri*] *(o)muyunagato* n.1/2 person who harvests young fruit (esp. of bananas) • *Omuyunjagato takanyisya matooke mu lusuku.* A person who harvests young matoke cannot have food in plenty.

**muyunjiiri** [see also *muyunjagato*] *(o)muyunjiiri* n.1/2 person who harvests young fruit (esp. of bananas)

**muzala** *(o)muzala* n.1/2 hungry person, starving person • *OYesu yaliisirye abaisirayiri abazala emaanu.* Jesus fed the hungry Israelites with manna.

**muze** *(o)muze* n.3/4 bad habit, addiction • *Owa muze ogubbi takyala.* A person with a bad habit does not visit people. (Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb). (Even when he has not committed any wrong, she/he is the

one suspected).

**muzeenyeeri** *(o)muzeenyeeri* n.1/2 very playful person • *Omwana oyo ata muzeenyeeri muno.* That child is so playful.

**muzeenyi** *(o)muzeenyi* n.1/2 (a) player (a person taking part in a sport or game), participant, contestant • *Omuzeenyi wa mupiira agwire ansi n'abbaire akugezaku okuteeba omupiira.* The football player fell as he tried to score the goal. (b) playful person • *Ntaka okubba n'abaana abazeenyi.* I like staying with playful children.

**muzeenyo** *(o)muzeenyo* n.3/4 (a) game, sport • *Mukuzeenya muzeenyo ki?* Which game are you playing? (b) play, drama, theatrical work • *Baabire kubona muzeenyo gwa Amooti.* They have gone to watch Amoot's drama. (c) **muzeenyo gwa ntomi** boxing • *Omuzeenyo gwa ntomi gutaka wa maani.* Boxing requires a strong person.

**muzeeyi** *(o)muzeeyi* n.1/2 <from Sw.> (a) elderly person, elder • *Omuzeeyi aikaire oku ntebe mu bugubi.* The elderly person is sitting in a chair with difficulty. (b) sir, mister (a title used before a surname to address a senior man or before a kinship term) (c) rich person

**muzeeyituuni** *(o)muzeeyituuni* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> olive tree • *Ebibala bya muzeeyituuni bikolwamu obutto.* The fruits from the olive tree are used to make olive oil.

**muzi** *(o)muzi* n.3/4 root • *Omuzi gukokota amaizi okuzwa omu itakali ni gaaba omu kimera.* The root draws water from the soil to the plant.

**muziga**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muziga* n.3 (a) venous blood • *Bakamwire omuziga omu nte.* They drew venous blood from the cow. (b) cramp, rheumatism

**muziga**<sup>2</sup> *(o)muziga* n.1/2 brave person • *Omuziga niye muntu atatiina bulemu.* A brave person is the one who is not afraid of any difficulties.

**muzigaijo** [see *mujigaijo*] <Ruruuli> **muzigi** *(o)muzigi* n.1/2 tracker (person who sights animals during a hunt) • *Omuzigi aboine okisolo waali.* The tracker has sighted where the animal is.

**muzigiti** *(o)muzigiti* n.3/4 <from Ar. via Sw.> mosque • *Omuzigiti nikyo kifo ekitongole abasiraamu gye basabira.* A mosque is the official praying centre for Moslems.

**muzigo** *(o)muzigo* n.3/4 one-room rented house, small apartment (in a block of apartments), studio apartment • *Mpangisiirye abaana bange emizigo ebiri.* I have rented two small apartments for my children.

**muzigu** *(o)muzigu* n.1/2 assailant, attacker • *Ebiro bini abazigu bakuwamba abaana ate ni babaita.* These days assailants kidnap children and kill them.

**muziisa** *(o)muziisa* n.3/4 taproot • *Omutumba guta n'omuziisa ogunyamulai.* A Milicia excelsa tree has a very long taproot.

**muziki** *(o)muziki* n.3 <from En.> music • *Omwojo anyumiirwe omuziki.* The boy is enjoying the music.

**muzikya** *(o)muzikya* n.1/2 lazy person who fails to weed his fields • *Aleka omusiri gwamwe ni guziika abba muzica.* The one who leaves his garden to be bushy is called a lazy person.

**muzimu** [see *muzumu*]

**muzimyamwoto** *(o)muzimyamwoto* n.1/2 <from Sw.> fire-fighter, fireman • *Omuzimyamwoto alikirya muuro.* A fire fighter extinguishes the fires.

**muzindaalo** *(o)muzindaalo* n.3/4 loudspeaker • *Omuzindaalo gutumbula eiraka.* A loudspeaker amplifies the voice.

**muzindi** *(o)muzindi* n.1/2 attacker, invader, assaulter • *Omuzindi eyayitire abaana bamukwaite.* They have arrested the attacker who killed the children.

**muzinga** *(o)muzinga* n.3/4 (a) beehive • *Enzoki zibba omu muzinga.* The bees stay in a beehive. (b) heavy machine gun • *Emizinga batera kugikolesya mu ntalo.* Heavy machine guns are always used during wars. (c) gun salute • *Opurezidenti baamukubbiire omuzinga.* They fired a gun salute for the President.

**muzingo** *(o)muzingo* n.3/4 (a) scroll, document, manuscript, volume • *Toolayo omuzingo gwa mpapula ogwo tubone obanga gukyalina omugaso.* Get that scroll of paper, and let's see

if it is still useful. (b) page • *Swekula ekitabo kya Luka, esuula ibiri, omuzingo gwa 110.* Open the book of Luke, chapter two, page 110.

**muzingoonyi** *(o)muzingoonyi* n.3/4 petiole and midrib of a banana leaf • *Emizingoonyi tuzifunamu obukeedo bwe tulukamu ebiibbo.* We get fibre from the banana midribs and use them to make baskets.

**muzingoonyo** [see *muzingoonyi*]

**muzira**<sup>1</sup> *(o)muzira* n.1/2 <from Lug.> hero, brave person • *Omuzira bamuwaire ekituwo.* They have given a gift to a hero.

**Muzira**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Muzira* n.1/2 member of one the clans of the Lungfish totem

• *Abazira beizira ndu ombiryanga.* The Bazira clan belongs to the Lungfish clan.

**muzira**<sup>3</sup> *(o)muzira* n.3/4 joyous ululation • *Bamukubbiire omuzira nga aizire.* They welcomed him with joyous ululations on his arrival.

**muziri** [see also *zira*] *(o)muziri* n.1/2 person who rejects food when annoyed • *Omuziri azimba mutwe, omuli azimba kida.* A person who rejects foods causes stress to himself while that who eats is happy. (lit. The person who rejects food gets his head swollen, while the one who eats, gets his stomach swollen.) (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**muziro** *(o)muziro* n.3/4 totem • *Omuziro gwange ngiri.* My totem is the warthog.

**muziziko** *(o)muziziko* n.3/4 hin-

drance, obstruction, obstacle, roadblock, barricade • *OKanca atoole emiziziko omu muwanda gwamu.* God should remove all hindrances from your way.

**muzizo** *(o)muzizo* n.3/4 taboo • *Kya muzizo okuswera owa luganda lwamu.* It is a taboo to marry a person of the same clan.

**muzo** *(o)muzo* n.3/4 *Teclea nobilis* (type of tree used for making walking sticks and mallets) • *Tema omuzo obaizemu omukonko.* Cut the *Teclea nobilis* tree and make a pestle from it.

**muzubi** *(o)muzubi* n.1/2 weeder, cultivator, • *Pangisya omuzubi akuzubire omu bigogo byamu.* Hire a weeder to weed your banana plantation.

**muzugu** *(o)muzugu* n.1/2 criminal, thug • *Abazugu baamutyekere ku irembo lya nyumba yaamwe.* The criminals ambushed him at the gate of his house.

**muzumu** *(o)muzumu* n.3/4 ghost, spirit, phantom • *Omuzumu gwa rufa gukugadya abantu.* The ghost of the dead is haunting people.

**muzungu** [see *mujungu*]

**muzwalazitoonya** *(o)muzwalazitoonya* n.3/4 bottle brush tree (*Callistemon citrinus*) • *Asimbire akamuzwalazitoonya oku lubuga lwamwe.* He has planted a cedar tree on his compound.

**muzyana** *(o)muzyana* n.1/2 female servant, housemaid, maid, housekeeper, female domestic worker •

*Omu kikaali kya mukama mubbaamu abazyana.* There are female servants in the king's palace.

**muzyo** *(o)muzyo* n.3/4 drumstick • *Leeta emizyo tutuutye engoma.* Bring the drumsticks and let's sound the drums.

**mwadiventi** *(o)mwadiventi* n.1/2 Seventh-day Adventist • *Abadivent baaba oku kanisa ku Saabiti.* Adventists go to church on Sabath.

**mwaka** *(o)mwaka* n.3/4 year • *Omwaka guli ampi okuwaaku kola muno okwika oku birubiirirwa byamu.* The year is ending soon, please work hard towards your set goals.

**mwakali** *(o)mwakali* n.1/2 passer-by • *Nje ndi mwakali nkwiza kwaba mangu.* I am just a passer-by, I will leave soon.

**mwako** *(o)mwako* n.3/4 pregnancy (of an animal) • *Omwako gwa nte wange oyo gwa kasatu.* This is the third pregnancy for my cow.

**mwala**<sup>1</sup> <Lunyala> *(o)mwala* n.1/2 daughter, girl • *Ababyaire bangi balowooza okukulya omwana omwala kyangu okusinga okukulya omwojo.* Many parents think that girls are easier to raise than boys.

**mwala**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mwala* n.3/4 trench, ditch, drain • *KCCA esaine okwomboka emyala egikooto omu Kampala olwa kwewala omwizulo.* KCCA should construct big trenches in Kampala to avoid flooding.

**mwalaalo** *(o)mwalaalo* n.3/4 vertical stripe • *Esaati yaamwe erimu*

*emyalaalo.* His shirt has vertical stripes.

**mwaliiro** *(o)mwaliiro* n.3/4 level (of a house), floor, storey • *Asula ku mwaliiro gwa mukaaga.* He stays on the sixth floor.

**mwalo** *(o)mwalo* n.3/4 landing site (on a lake) • *Omwalo gwa Rwampanga guliku amaato gaingi.* There are many boats at Rwampanga landing site.

**mwamba**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mwamba* n.3/4 (a) whetstone, file • *Twala ejambiya eyo ogiwagaare oku mwamba.* Take the machete and sharpen it with a whetstone. (b) four-sided roof • *Mmaite okusakaara enyumba ya mwamba.* I know how to roof a house with a four-sided roof.

**Mwamba**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mwamba* n.1/2 male member of the Lungfish totem

**mwambalansaale** *(o)mwambalansaale* n.1/2 royal guard • *Abambalansaale nibo bakuuma Omukama.* It is the royal guard who protect the king.

**mwami** *(o)mwami* n.1/2 (a) man, male • *Mwami wange, okwaba ayi?* My husband, where are you going? (b) sir, mister (a title used before a surname to address or refer to a man)

• *Omwami Bwiraabi aikire bairaba mufunire wa kwikala.* Mr. Bwirabi has arrived, please get him where to sit. (c) husband (d) chief, head, master • *Omwami wa kiwoopi kini niye Rwakira.* The chief of this parish is Rwakira.

**mwana** *(o)mwana* n.1/2 child • *Omwana waamwe mulwaire wa luseru.* Her child is suffering from measles.

**mwanawagaali** *(o)mwanawagaali* n.1/2 taxi conductor • *Abaanabagaali basolooza ebisale omu batambuli.* Taxi conductors collect fares from the passengers.

**mwandaala** <Lunyala> *(o)mwandaala* n.3/4 (a) plateau, tableland • *Isabanyala niye mwandaala ogutasyatuukirwaku.* Isabaruuli is a plateau, which you cannot trespass. (b) royal name for Banyala kings

**mwandaara** [see *mwandaala*] <Ruruuli>

**mwandu** <Buyende> *(o)mwandu* n.3 bride price • *Leeta omwandu nkuweerye omwala wange.* Give me the bride price and I will give you my daughter.

**mwangaala** *(o)mwangaala* n.3/4 tunnel, underground passage, opening, empty space • *Enyumba ya nguli Gadafi yaalimu omwangaala.* The house of the late Gadafi had a tunnel. **mwangaizuma** *(o)mwangaizuma* n.1 rainbow • *Omwangaizuma kabonero akalanga nti oikendi yakabbaire mubbi.* The rainbow is a sign that there was to be a heavy rain. (This is a belief among the Banyala and Baruuli).

**mwango**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mwango* n.3/4 frame (of a door) • *Emyango gya nnyiige zange gikairikire.* My door frames are worn out.

**Mwango**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Mwango* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**mwani** *(o)mwani* n.1a/10 coffee, coffee beans, coffee plant • *Emwani nikyo kirume ekyamaguzi ekikulu omu Uganda.* Coffee is Uganda's chief cash crop.

**mwaninaze** [see also *mwonyoko*] <Buyende> *(o)mwaninaze* n.1/2 brother or sister of the opposite sex (sister of a man, brother of a woman) • *Omwaninaze ata mulumi wa mere yakulya.* My brother is a farmer.

**mwanjo** *(o)mwanjo* n.3 front, in front, in advance, the foremost place • *Aikaire n'omugeni omukulu oku omwanjo.* He is sitting with the guest of honour at the foremost

place. **mwanya** *(o)mwanya* n.3/4 space • *Lekawo emyanya akati wa misaale egyo gisobole okukula okusai.* Leave

space between those trees so that they grow well.

**mwara** [see *mwala*] <Ruruuli>

**mwasi** *(o)mwasi* n.3/4 sneeze, sneeze as a bad omen (it is considered bad omen to sneeze at the beginning of a trip or enterprise). • *Yakubbire emyasi ikumi.* He sneezed ten times. (lit. He beat ten sneezes.)

**mwasiiri** *(o)mwasiiri* n.1/2 (a) hunter who is positioned to chase an animal into a net (b) backer, cheerer, supoprter

**mwasirya** *(o)mwasirya* n.1/2 person who incites dogs during hunting

**mwatyampasa**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mwatyampasa* n.3/4 *Beilschmiedia ugandensis* • *Omusaale omwatyampasa gubba gugumu muno.* The *Beilschmiedia ugandensis* tree is a hard-wood tree. **mwatyampasa**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mwatyampasa* n.3/4 African hoopoe (*Upupa africana*)

**Mwatyampasa**<sup>3</sup> *(o)mwatyampasa* n.1 name or title given to the traditional leaders of Bunyala and Buruuli • *OMwatyampasa akwiza olwaleero.* The king is coming today.

**Mwatyansozi** *(o)mwatyansozi* n.1 title given to Bunyala kings

**mwawule** *(o)mwawule* n.1/2 reverend, priest • *Omwawule wa Ibbaale awumwire emirimu.* The reverend of Bbaale parish has retired from active service.

**mwe** [see *(-)mwei*]

**mwebagali** *(o)mwebagali* n.1/2 horseman, rider, equestrian, jockey • *Omwebagali wa mbalaasi yalemeibwe okuwangula empaka.* The horseman failed to win the competition.

**mwebemberi** [see also *mwebembezi*] *(o)mwebemberi* n.1/2 leader, head, commander• *Omwebemberi niye muntu eyeebembera abantu.* A leader is a person who leads people. **mwebembeze** [see *mwebembezi*]

**mwebembezi** [see also *mwebemberi and mukulembeze*] *(o)mwebembezi* n.1/2 leader, head, commander, guide • *Omwebembezi odi mugumu tasobola kuyindula mu kyabazire.* That leader is firm, he cannot change

anything from what he has said.

**mwebulibwaku** *(o)mwebulibwaku* n.1/2 consultant, knowledgeable person • *Tulina okukulesya omuntu omulabuki akole nka omwebulibwaku.* We should employ a knowledgeable person to serve as our consultant.

**mwecwacwani** *(o)mwecwacwani* n.1/2 protester, rioter • *Abecwacwani ba Makerere babakwaite lwa kusiisa byomboke bya itendekero.* The protestors at Makerere have been arrested for damaging the university buildings.

**mwega** *(o)mwega* n.1/2 amateur, nonprofessional, nonspecialist, layman, layperson • *Tinsobola kwikiriza mwega kuvuga motoka yange.* I cannot allow an amateur to drive my car.

**mwegaiti** *(o)mwegaiti* n.1/2 cooperative member • *Oite wange yaali mwegaiti omu biina bya bwegaiti bingi.* My father was a member of several cooperatives.

**mwegayiiri** *(o)mwegayiiri* n.1/2 intercessor• *Buli kanisa erina okubbaamu abeegayiiri.* Every church must have a group of intercessors.

**mwegayiirizi** [see *mwegayiiri*] **mwegesebwa** [see *mwegesya*] **mwegeswa** [see *mwegesya*]

**mwegesya** *(o)mwegesya* n.1/2 (a) teacher, educator, instructor • *Omwegesya ayegesya baana okuwandiika.* A teacher teaches children how to write. (c) catechist • *Omwegesya waiswe bamuyindwire okumu-* *twala omu kanisa egindi.* Our catechist has been transferred to another church.

**mwegesye** *(o)mwegesye* n.1/2 (b) learned person, educated person • *Omwegesye alina okubba n'amagezi gaingi okusobola okweyemeeryawo.* A learned person should have a wealth of knowledge to survive.

**mwegi** *(o)mwegi* n.1/2 student, pupil • *Omwegi wange anyumungukiremu oku nsonga ezimwe ezikwaba omu maiso.* My student is now a bit enlightened on current issues.

**mwegugungi** *(o)mwegugungi* n.1/2 protester, rioter • *Abegugungi babafuuyiire omwika ogubalagala.* The rioters were sprayed with tear gas.

**mwegwegwe** *(o)mwegwegwe* n.3/4 (a) side, part • *Omwana bamutaire ku mwegwegwe gudi ogwa weema.* They have put the child on that side of the tent. (b) extreme end, edge • *Ebbairo egalanzukire n'eika oku mwegwegwe.* The pen rolled and stopped at the edge of the table.

**(-)mwei** (e.g. *omwei, kimwei*) num. (a) one • *Ani waliwo omuntu omwei yenkai.* There is only one person here. (b) some, a number of • *Abayiigi abamwei tibaizire leero kwiga.* Some hunters have not come to today's hunting. (c) **(-)mwei (-)mwei** (e.g. *kimwei kimwei, gamwei gamwei*) one by one, separately and in succession, singly • *Engoye leeta lumwei lumwei.* Bring the clothes one by one.

**mwejenguli** *(o)mwejenguli* n.1/2 comedian, comic, satirist • *Mwejenguli asekesya abantu.* A comedian entertains people.

**mweko** *(o)mweko* n.3/4 string of cloth • *Yebbwere omweko oku gomesi etagwa.* She tied a string of cloth to hold the gomesi.

**mwembeeri** *(o)mwembeeri* n.1/2 singer in traditional prayers of the Baruuli and Banyala • *Omwembeeri wa mbandwa mumuwe ombuli waamwe nka ekisembo kya kwemba kusai.* A singer in a traditional worship should be given a goat as a reward for singing well.

**mwembi** *(o)mwembi* n.1/2 singer, vocalist • *Omu Uganda mulimu abembi abato baingi.* There are many upcoming singers in Uganda.

**mwemwetuka** *(oku)mwemwetuka* v.intr. *mwemwetukire* to cackle, to burst out laughing, to lough loudly • *Natamirwe abantu abamwemwetuka buli kaire.* I hate people who cackle all the time.

**mwendai** num. (a) nine (b) **mwezi gwa mwendai** September

**mwende** *(o)mwende* n.3 cluster (of mushrooms before opening) • *Omuliisya yaboine omwende gwa butiko omu kibira.* The cattle keeper saw a cluster of mushrooms in the forest.

**mwenge** *(o)mwenge* n.3 (a) alcohol, local brew, local beer • *Omwenge gusiisire abantu baingi.* Alcohol has ruined many people. (b) **mwenge gwa bigogo** local banana brew

• *Abanayuganda abasinga omu byalo banywa omwenge gwa bigogo.* Most Ugandans in the rural area drink banana brew.

**mwenkanonkano** *(o)mwenkanonkano* n.3 gender equality • *Abasaiza abamwe omu Uganda bakyawanya omwenkanonkano.* Some men in Uganda have kept opposing gender equality.

**mwenya** *(oku)mwenya* v.intr. *mwenyere* to smile • *Omwala oyo akumwenya omu ngeri ekusendasenda.* That girl is smiling enticingly.

**mwenyeera** *(oku)mwenyeera* v.intr. *mwenyereire* to giggle, to laugh lightly in a silly manner • *Amwenyeera buli lwa abona oku abantu.* He giggles whenever he sees people.

**mwenyereketa** *(oku)mwenyereketa* v.intr. *mwenyereketere* to smile when there is no reason for smiling • *Lekerawo okumwenyereketa.* Stop smiling when there is no reason to do so.

**mwepaakopaako** *(o)mwepaakopaako* n.3 boasting, pomposity, arrogance, self-importance, conceit • *Omwepaakopaako gwingi omu boojo abo.* There is a lot of arrogance among those boys.

**mwepanko** *(o)mwepanko* n.3/4 boasting, pomposity, arrogance, selfimportance, conceit

**mwepisikoopi** *(o)mwepisikoopi* n.1/2 <from En.> bishop (of the Catholic church) • *Omwepisikoopi ayizire okubatiza abaana.* The

Catholic bishop has come to baptise the children.

**mwera** *(o)mwera* n.3 unrefined millet grain • *Leeta omwera gwa bwita tugusegenye.* Bring the unrefined millet grain and we will sieve it.

**mweramaino** *(o)mweramaino* n.3/4 *Acacia sieberiana* • *Omweramaino gubba n'amawa gaingi. Acacia sieberiana* is a tree with many thorns.

**mwereko** *(o)mwereko* n.3/4 small grinding stone (the one you hold in the hands to grind, locally known as the male grinding stone) • *Omu byalo baingi bakyakolesya omwereko okusya obwita.* In many rural areas they still use a grinding stone to grind millet.

**mwero** *(o)mwero* n.3 abundance, plentifulness, copiousness, plenty • *Oikendi wa mwero.* The rain is plenty. (lit. The rainy is in abundance.)

**mweryai** *(o)mweryai* n.3/4 freshly harvested millet • *Emambya twalya kaita ka mweryai.* Tomorrow we will eat a meal of freshly harvested millet.

**mweryana** *(o)mweryana* n.1/2 daughter-in-law • *Omweiryana wange yanobere n'ayaba okukola enzai.* My daughter-in-law left the marriage for a job overseas.

**mwesi** *(o)mwesi* n.1/2 board game player • *Omweso gubbaaku abeesi babiri.* It takes two to play the board game.

**mwesiimi** *(o)mwesiimi* n.1/2 mar-

tyr, saint • *OMawaggali niyo omwei oku beesiimi ba Uganda.* Mawaggali is one of the blessed martyrs of Uganda.

**mweso** *(o)mweso* n.3/4 type of board game, mweso game • *Mmaite okwesa omweso.* I know how to play the mweso board game.

**mwetango** *(o)mwetango* n.3/4 *Chenopodium opulifolium* • *Omwetango gutamba etensulo. Chenopodium opulifolium* treats tonsillitis.

**mwetiiki** *(o)mwetiiki* n.1/2 bearer, porter • *Nkwendyayo omwetiiki omwei anjuneku oku kifo gye nkwomboka.* I need one porter to assist me at the construction site.

**mwetiiko** *(o)mwetiiko* n.3/4 (a) luggage, baggage • *Omugole ayabire n'omwetiiko gwamwe omu kyalo.* The bride has left with her luggage to the village. (b) measles• *Omwana alina omwetiiko.* The child is suffering from measles.

**mwetooloolo** *(o)mwetooloolo* n.3/4 children's game which involves turning around • *Abaana bazeenya omwetooloolo nga bakwetooloola.* The children are playing the mwetooloolo game of rotation and turn around.

**mweyemeeri** *(o)mweyemeeri* n.1/2 (a) guarantor, surety, sponsor • *Bamutumire omweyemeeri omwei leke bamutaisye.* They sent him for a guarantor before they released him. (b) godparent • *OMbangire niye yaali omweyemeeri wa mwana wange nga akubatizibwa.* Mbangire was

the godparent of my child at his baptism.

**mweyi** *(o)mweyi* n.1/2 cleaner, sweeper • *Eirwaliro lyaiswe ndoomu mweyi nigyo nsonga lwaki lisire.* Our hospital has no cleaner, that is why it is dirty.

**mweyinduli** *(o)mweyinduli* n.1/2 liar, deceiver • *Omweyinduli tagumira ku ndagaano.* A liar does not respect agreements.

**mwezi** [see also *kwezi*] *(o)mwezi* n.3/4 month • *Omwezi guni enjura ekwaba kutoonya.* It will rain this month.

**mwibbi** *(o)mwibbi* n.1/2 thief, robber • *Omwibbi airukire n'esimu yange.* The thief has run away with my phone.

**mwibo** *(o)mwibo* n.1/2 mother of a new born child who has not yet resumed sexual intercourse with her husband

**mwica**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mwica* n.1/2 sub-parish chief • *Omukama wa iruguza ayetere abaica boonaboona omu lukiiko emambya.* The county chief invited all the sub-parish chiefs for a meeting tomorrow.

**mwica**<sup>2</sup> *(o)mwica* n.3/4 sausage tree (*Kigelia africana*) • *Omwica gutamba enkaka.* The sausage tree cures yellow fever.

**Mwica**<sup>3</sup> *(o)Mwica* n.1/2 male member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**mwiga** *(o)mwiga* n.3/4 river • *Nkwaba ku mwiga kusyoma maizi.* I am

going to the river to fetch water.

**mwigalanda** *(o)mwigalanda* n.1/2 last-born child

**mwigali** *(o)mwigali* n.1/2 (a) blind person (b) **mwigali wa maiso** blind person • *Omwigali wa maiso akwendya omwigo gumujuneku okutambula.* A blind person needs a walking stick to aid him when he is walking. (c) **mwigali wa matwi** deaf person • *Omwigali wa matwi tawuura by'okukoba.* The deaf person does not hear what you are saying. (d) **mwigali wa munwa** mute person, speechless person • *Omwigali wa munwa tasimoola.* A mute person does not speak.

**mwigo** *(o)mwigo* n.3/4 (a) stick, cane • *Toyabanga mu kisiko nga tokwaite mwigo.* Never go to the bush without a stick. (b) walking stick • *Abakaire omuno batambuura ku mwigo.* Old people walk using a walking stick.

**mwijo** *(o)mwijo* n.3/4 generation • *Abantu ba mwijo ogukaire tibamaite kukolesya byoma bikalimagezi.* People of the older generation do not know how to use a computer properly.

**mwijoromi** *(o)mwijoromi* n.3 royal jelly (a highly nutritious secretion of honey bees that is fed to young larvea) • *Onamunzoki alya mwijoromi.* The queen bee feeds on royal jelly.

**mwijukuru** *(o)mwijukuru* n.1/2 grandchild • *Ndina abaijukuru abai-* *kirye emyaka amakumi abiri.* I have grand children who are twenty years old.

**mwika** *(o)mwika* n.3 (a) smoke, fume • *Emotoka ezikaire zipuumuka omwika ogusiisa obutonde.* Old cars release thick fumes, which destroy the environment. (b) vapour, steam • *Amaizi agakwesaragula gazwamu omwika.* Boiling water releases vapour. (c) air pressure • *Kebera omwika omu mipiira gyona nga tukyali kusimbula.* Check the air pressure in all the tires before we leave. **mwika ogusiiya** (d) **mwika (o)gusiiya** tear gas • *Abecwacwani babakubbiremu omwika ogusiiya.* The rioters were sprayed with tear gas.

**mwikali** *(o)mwikali* n.1/2 (a) resident, inhabitant • *Nje ndi mwikali wa kukyalo kini.* I am a resident of this village. (b) citizen, national, resident • *Abaikali ba Uganda begesye muno.* Uganda's citizens are well educated. (c) committee member • *Ndi mwikali oku kakiiko ka disitulikiti akaweerya amagezi oku nsonga za byabulumi.* I am a committee member on the district agricultural advisory council.

**mwikiiri** *(o)mwikiiri* n.1/2 righteous person • *Omu nsi ndoomu baikiiri.* There are no righteous people in the world.

# **mwikiriiri** [see *mwikiiri*]

**mwikiriza** *(o)mwikiriza* n.1/2 believer • *Abaikiriza bebendereibwe obwomi obutaliwaawo.* Eternal life is waiting for the believers.

**Mwikirwaku** *(o)mwikirwaku* n.1/2 title given to a prime minister of Bunyala

**mwiko** *(o)mwiko* n.3/4 trowel • *Mpeereza omwiko nkubbe ebisiika bya nyumba yange epulasita.* Give me a trowel and I plaster the walls of my house.

**mwiku** <Kiryandongo> *(o)mwiku* n.3 good taste, aroma • *Omuniki gwa nyama gulimu omwiku.* Lean meat has a good taste.

**mwikuto** *(o)mwikuto* n.3 satiety, satiation, fullness after eating • *Omwikuto gundi kubbi.* I have overeaten. (lit. Satiation is harassing me.)

**mwimuli** *(o)mwimuli* n.1/2 lifter • *Abaimuli ba biremeeri balya muno.* Weightlifters eat a lot.

**mwinazi** *(o)mwinazi* n.1/2 pauper, poor person • *Omwinazi tasobola kweikyaku byakwendya.* A pauper cannot provide for himself what he wants.

**mwindukira izooba** *(o)mwindukira izooba* n.3/4 type of small tree (medicinal and bends in the direction of the sun)

**mwini** *(o)mwini* n.3/4 handle (e.g. of a hoe, shovel or spade) • *Yakoleserye omwini ogubbi n'abaizuka engalo.* He used a rough hoe handle and got blisters.

**mwiraamwe** [see *mwiramwe*] <Lunyala>

**Mwiragazu** *(o)Mwiragazu* n.1a/2 African, person of African decent • *Obuwangwa bwa Bairagazu bwasii-*

*sikaire abafugi ba matwale ni baizire.* The culture of Africans fell apart when Europeans colonised Africa.

**mwiramwe** *(o)mwiramwe* n.1/2 his/her companion, his/her friend, his/her pal • *Akopoire omwiramwe ensone.* He cut his friend with a knife.

**mwirange** *mwirange* n.1 (often as a term of address) my friend, my dear• *Mwirange tofaayo tukwiza kupangapanga.* My darling, take heart, we will come up with something.

**mwirawaamwe** [*mwiramwe*] <Ruruuli>

**mwiriginyi** *(o)mwiriginyi* n.3/4 small scaleless fish

**mwirikiti** [see *muyirikita*]

**mwirima** *(o)mwirima* n.3/4 tree species • *Yaba omu kibira ontemere omwigo gwa musaale omwirima.* Go into the forest and cut for me a stick of the mwirima tree.

**mwiru** *(o)mwiru* n.1/2 (a) slave • *Abairu batundwanga mu Amerika okukola omu samba.* Slaves used to be sold in America to work on plantations. (b) nephew or niece

**mwiruki** *(o)mwiruki* n.1/2 runner, athlete • *OKiptegei mwiruki musai yawangwire omudaali gwa zaabu.* Kiptegei is a good runner, he won a gold medal.

**mwiruma** *(o)mwiruma* n.3 darkness • *Omwiruma gukwaite tuyingire omu nyumba.* Darkness has set in, let's go into the house.

**mwitanjoka** *(o)mwitanjoka* n.3/4

*Senna hirsuta* (a large upright herbaceous plant or long-lived shrub with yellow flowers) • *Omwitanjoka gutamba enda ng'ekukuluma. Senna hirsuta* cures stomach ache.

**Mwitanzige** *Mwitanzige* n.1a (or 9)/10 Lake Albert • *Mwitanzige eri Bunyoro.* Lake Albert is found in Bunyoro.

**mwiti** *(o)mwiti* n.1/2 (a) killer, murderer • *Abaiti bongeire okwita abantu.* The murderers have continued to kill people. (b) the first person to spear an animal once it gets into the hunting net

**mwiwa** *(o)mwiwa* n.1/2 nephew, niece • *Mwete abayiwa baiswe boonaboona baize ani.* Call all our nephews to come here.

**mwiya** *(o)mwiya* n.1/2 co-wife • *Tatakira kaakimwe mwiya waamwe.* She absolutely hates her co-wife.

**mwizanamaamwe** <Lunyala> *(o)mwizanamaamwe* n.1/2 child who comes with his or her mother into a marriage

**mwizi** *(o)mwizi* n.1/2 (a) sister-inlaw • *Omwizi wange abbaire wa mugaso muno edi oiba wange.* My sisterin-law has been very helpful to my husband. (b) newcomer• *Oyo omukali mwizi omu Kampala.* That woman is a newcomer in Kampala.

**mwizigaijo** [see *mujigaijo*] <Lunyala>

**mwizo** *(o)mwizo* n.3/4 potatoharvesting stick • *Leeta omwizo twabe.* Bring potato-harvesting stick,

and we'll harvest the sweet potatoes. **mwizukulu** *(o)mwizukulu* n.1/2 grandchild • *Omwizukulu abba mwana wa mutaani oba mwara wa muntu.* A grandchild is a child to one's son or daughter.

**mwizulo** *(o)mwizulo* n.3/4 flood • *Omwizulo gufookere ekizubu kya buliizo omu Kampala.* Floods have become a common problem in Kampala.

**mwizulyo** *(o)mwizulyo* n.3/4 slum, shantytown, shacktown • *Tinsobola kwomboka maka gange mu mwizulyo.* I cannot build my home in a slum.

**mwogo** <Ruruuli> *(o)mwogo* n.3/4 cassava (*Manihot esculenta*) • *Omwogo nikyo kirume ekirumibwa ampi mu buli kitundu kya Uganda.* Cassava is one of the major crops grown in almost all parts of Uganda.

**mwogoyogo** *(o)mwogoyogo* n.3/4 wild cassava • *Emiyogoyogo tigiriibwa.* Wild cassava is not edible.

**mwojo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)mwojo* n.1/2 (a) boy • *Omwojo oni ata n'engeso.* This boy is well behaved. (b) son • *Ndi omwei oku boojo ba Kirya.* I am one of Kirya's sons. (c) colleague, pal • *Omukali odi mwojo mwirange.* That woman is my pal.

**mwojo**<sup>2</sup> [see *muwoojo*] <Ruruuli> **mwoki** *(o)mwoki* n.1/2 roaster (a profession) • *Abooki ba nyama booca enyama ampi mu buli kibuga.* Meat roasters roast meat in several trading centres.

**mwole** *(e)mwole* n.9/10 burrow, warren • *Omuswi gusula mu mwole.* The cane rat lives in a burrow.

**mwoleki** *(o)mwoleki* n.1/2 exhibitor • *Omwoleki wa bintu akusomesya enkolesya yaabyo.* The exhibitor of things is teaching about their usage. **mwoleko** *(o)mwoleko* n.1/2 exhibition, display • *Nkwaba ku mwoleko kwolesa bintu byange.* I am going to the exhibition to show case my products.

**mwolo** *(o)mwolo* n.3/4 scythe

**mwoloola** [see *mworoora*] <Lunyala>

**mwomboki** *(o)mwomboki* n.1/2 builder, construction worker • *Abomboki nibo bantu abakugukire okwomboka ebyombeko.* Builders are professions who build buildings.

**mwomo** *(o)mwomo* n.3/4 wall • *Omberege akwekurukuutya oku mwomo.* The pig is rubbing itself against the wall.

**mwona**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)mwona* v.tr. *mwonere* to smear (a house) with cow dung, to paint with cow dung • *Muzinduke karai tumwone enyumba.* Wake up very early so that we can smear the house with cow dung.

**mwona**<sup>2</sup> [see *ona*]

**mwonyoko** <Lunyala> *(o)mwonyoko* n.1/2 brother or sister of the opposite sex (sister of a man, brother of a woman) • *Omwonyoko wange yasumbiirwe omusaiza omwandi.* My sister got married to a cruel husband. **mworo** *(o)mworo* n.1/2 poor person,

poverty-stricken person • *N'omworo abba n'amagezi.* Even a poor person can be intelligent.

**mworonko** *(o)mworonko* n.3 greed, great desire, interest, passion • *Okaapa ata n'omworonko gwa matai.* The cat desires milk a lot.

**mworooli** *(o)mworooli* n.1/2 caretaker, caregiver • *Tunga omworooli wa baana nga mukuguki.* Get a professional caretaker for the children.

**mworoora** <Ruruuli> *(o)mworoora* n.3/4 flame tree (*Erythrina abyssinica*) • *Omworoora bagukolesya okutamba enoga omu baana.* The frame tree is used to cure baby skin rash.

**mwosi** *(o)mwosi* n.3 smoke, exhaust fumes • *Okumala eibbanga eringi omu mwosi kiyinza okukulwalisya amawugwe.* Prolonged exposure to smoke can damage your lungs.

**Mwosodokisi** *(o)mwosodokisi* n.1/2 adherent of the Eastern Orthodox Church • *Abasodokisi baayawukaine ku bakatuliki.* The adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church broke away from the Catholics.

**mwowo** *(o)mwowo* n.3/4 type of fig tree (*Ficus ovata*) • *Aikaire mu kiwoleerya kya mwowo.* He sits in the shade of the *Ficus ovata* tree.

**mwoyo** *(o)mwoyo* n.3/4 (a) heart • *Omwoyo gukumuluma.* His heart aches. (b) spirit, ghost • *Emyoyo egibbi gikugadya abantu.* Bad spirits are disturbing people. (c) **mwoyo (a)kwera** holy spirit • *OYesu yatu-* *lekeire omwoyo akwera.* Jesus left us with the Holy Spirit. (d) **mwoyo gwa iyanga** patriotism • *Omwoyo gwa iyanga tigusobola kutumbulwa nga abantu bakubonaabona.* Patriotism cannot be promoted when the citizens are suffering. (e) **mwoyo gwa lulagala** unfurling cigar leaf of banana • *Asaare endagala nasaaramu n'omwoyo gwa lulagala.* She prunes banana leaves as well as the bud.

**mwozi** *(o)mwozi* n.1/2 laundry worker • *Omwozi wa ngoye oni ayoza engoye kusai.* The laundry worker washes the clothes well.

**mwuzikulu** *(o)mwizukulu* n.1/2 grandchild

**mya** ideo. in a manner of a flashlight, brightly • *Eiguru limyankwirye mya.* It flashed brightly.

**myai** ideo. completely, totally, utterly • *Esente zibuure myai.* The money has disappeared completely.

**myangaasana** *(oku)myangaasana* v.intr. *myangaasaine* to glitter, to sparkle, to gleam • *Tibuli ekimyangaasana nti zaabu.* All that glitters is not gold.

**myankulya** *(oku)myankulya* v.intr. *myankwirye* (a) to glow, to shine • *Obwire ni busweka obona obunyenyeezi ni bukumyankulya.* When the night falls you see worms glowing. (b) to flash • *Nakubbire ekiisani baitu ekamera tiyamyankwirye.* I took a photo but the camera didn't flash. **myena** *(oku)myena* v.tr. *myenere* to

mingle, to blend, to mix • *Timmaite kumyena kaita.* I don't know how to prepare a millet paste.

**myene** *(e.gkamwene, bumwene.)* adj. mingled, blended, mixed • *Akaita akamyene kaweirewo.* Mingled millet is finished.

**myola** *(oku)myola* v.tr. *myoire* to twist, to wind • *Ekyoma kini kimyola emitayimbwa.* This machine can twist rods.

**myu** ideo. very tightly • *Bamubbwere be myu.* They tied him tightly.

# **N**

**n'** [see *na or ni*]

**n-** pf. subject and object agreement prefix of the first person singular on verbs

**na** *(n' before vowels)* prep. (a) with • *Abanyala banywanangana kusai na Baruuli.* The Banyala relate well with the Baruuli. (b) and (noun phrase conjunction) • *OSylivia n'o-Ruth bakali bakoli muno.* Sylvia and Ruth are very hard-working women. (c) even, also, too • *Obona n'onkoko yeena amaite okunaaba.* See, even the hen can have a dust bath.

**naaba** *(oku)naaba* v.intr./tr. *naabire* (a) to bathe, to wash oneself • *Maare okunaaba. Yakala twabe oku mukolo.* I have finished bathing. Come and we will go to the party. (b) to wash (e.g. hands) • *Naaba amaiso otoolemu*

**myuki** (e.g. *lumyuki, bimyuki, limyuki*) adj. red • *Azwaire ekiteeteeyi kimyuki.* She is wearing a red dress.

**myukimyuki** (e.g. *lumyukimyuki, kimyukimyuki*) adj. reddish • *Esaati yaamwe gimyukimyuki.* His shirt is reddish.

**myumyula** *(oku)myumyula* v.tr. *myumyuire* to tie tightly • *Myumyula ekibbambo ekyo kitayonoka.* Tie that parcel tightly so that it does not get torn.

*ebineni.* Wash the eyes and remove the eye discharge. (c) (of hen) to have a dust bath • *Obona n'onkoko yeena amaite okunaaba.* See, even the hen can have a dust bath.

**naabya** *(oku)naabya* v.tr. *naabirye* to wash (ghee to remove milk residue) • *Nasangire oNakalaalo nga akunaabya amagita gaamwe.* I came across a Hima woman washing her ghee.

**naala** *(oku)naala* v.intr. *naire* (of liquids) to spread, to flow, to flood • *Amaizi ganaire omu kisiika kyonakyona.* The water has spread all over the room.

**naani** interrog. who • *Naani oyo akunyeta?* Who is that calling me?

**naanuuka** *(oku)naanuuka* v.intr. *naanuukire* (a) (of food) to go bad,

to get cover with slime, to spoil • *Emere egagire ebbaaku ebikunaanuuka.* Food that has gone bad usually has slime. (b) to be elastic, to stretch • *Olukobba luni lunaanuuka muno.* This rubber strap can be elastic.

**naanuula** *(oku)naanuula* v.intr. *naanwire* to stretch, to make bigger • *Omwala waamwe anaanwire olugoye lwange.* His girl has stretched my cloth.

**naati** adv. (a) until today, to date, up to now • *Naati nkyali muguuda.* Up to now I am still rich. (b) even now • *Naati nkwaba Kampala.* Even now I am going to Kampala.

**nabaana** *(o)nabaana* n.1a uterus • *Omwana akuura mu nabaana.* A child grows in the uterus.

**nabaliisya** *(o)nabaliisya* n.1a/10 omasum • *Onabaliisya abba mu nda ya kisolo ng'aisana empapula.* An omasum is found in the stomach of an animal and looks like papers.

**Nabayinda** *(o)Nabayinda* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Monkey totem

**nabbi** *(o)nabbi* n.1a/2 prophet • *Ebigambo bya nabbi Isaaya byaikiriire.* The words of prophet Isaiah came to true.

**nabbonera** *(o)nabbonera* n.1a/10 type of shrub with straight stems used to make doors and fences

**nabbwori** *(o)nabbwori* n.1a mould on fermented millet flour

**nabugere** *(o)nabugere* n.1a tinea pedis, athlete's foot • *Onabugere asii-* *ya muno.* The athlete's foot infection is very itchy.

**Nabuzaana** <Lunyala> *(o)nabuzaana* n.1a type of god, female spirit believed to come from Bunyoro • *ONabuzaana niye mbandwa agaba olubyalo.* Nabuzaana is a spirit that blesses people with birth.

**nadala** adv. especially, mainly, mostly, chiefly, principally, largely • *Omusango gwakuweire nadala singa wakwatagaine n'omulamuli.* The case would have ended especially if you had cooperated with judge.

**nafuwa** *(oku)nafuwa* v.intr. *nafuwire* to become weak, to weaken • *Onte wange anafuwire.* My cow has become weak.

**naga** *(oku)naga* v.tr. *nagire* (a) to drop, to fall • *Enjura etandikire okunaga amatondo.* The rain has started falling. (b) to throw away, to toss away, to hurl • *Eisaaniiko lini linage omu lusuku.* Throw away the used banana leaves in the banana plantation. (c) to lose, to fail to keep • *Anagire empiiya zaamwe z'abaire akwiryayo omu bbanka.* She has lost her money which she was supposed to repay as a loan in the bank. (d) to abandon, to leave behind, to forget, to dump, to neglect • *Omukali yanagire omwana waamwe n'ayaba.* The woman abandoned her child and left. (e) (of wind) to uproot, to blow away • *Ompungo anagire emisaale.* The wind has uprooted the trees. (f) to lay (eggs), to produce

(larvae) • *Onkoko yatandikire okunaga amawuli.* The hen started laying eggs. (g) **naga (a)kasaya** (idiom, lit. to loose the jaw) to die, pass on, pass away • *Bambi omukaire anagire akasaya.* Oh dear, the old woman has passed on. (lit. The old woman has lost the jaw.)

**nagansobyo** *(o)nagansobyo* n.1a/10 horn worm, hawk moth (*Agrius convolvuli*) • *Onagansobyo atumaliire ebiyaata.* The hawk moth has destroyed all our sweet potatoes.

**nagiriza** *(oku)nagiriza* v.tr. *nagiriize* to neglect, to fail to look after • *Otaata yanagirize abaana baamwe boona ndoowo yasomere.* The father neglected all his children, none went to school.

**naguni** adv. up to now • *Naguni timubonaangaku.* Up to now I have never seen him.

**nai** [see also *inai*] (e.g. *binai, inai*) num. four • *Omwala yamalangayo ebiro binai.* The girl used to spend there four days.

**naibbete** *(o)naibbete* n.1a sweet potato leaves • *Okwa nzala twalyanga onaibbete.* During famine we used to eat sweet potato leaves.

**naibbombo** *(o)naibbombo* n.1a antlion from the family *Myrmeleontidae* (type of insect traditionally believed to make breasts grow (Young girls place them on their breasts with hope that their breast will grow larger)

**naibbumbulya** <Lunyala> *(o)naibbu-*

*mbulya* n.1a/10 spider • *Onaibbumbulya ali ku mwomo.* There is a spider on the wall. widow spider • *Onaibbumbulya ameryamerya ate nga mwiragazu.* The widow spider is shiny and black in colour.

**naibbumbulyai** [see *naibbumbulya*] <Ruruuli>

**naibubyai** *(o)naibubyai* n.1a/10 rain spider (*Palystes* genus) • *Onaibubyai okusinga omuno alya nsiri.* The rain spider mostly eats mosquitoes.

**naidoome** *(o)naidoome* n.1a/10 frog jumping game • *Abaana bataka muno omuzeenyo gwa naidoome.* Children like playing the frog jumping game.

**Naigongo** *(o)Naigongo* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Grenadier totem

**naikonto** *(e)naikonto* n.9/10 bore hole • *Yaba oyogereze oisentebe wa disitulikiti atuwe enaikonto.* Go and lobby the district chairman to give us a borehole.

**Nairamuli** *(o)Nairamuli* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Pangolin totem

**nairuma** *(o)nairuma* n.1a/10 inflammation of the synovial membrane, inflammation of the knee, synovitis • *Alwaire onairuma.* He is suffering from synovitis.

**Nairunda** *(o)Nairunda* n.1a (a) legendary ancestral mother of the Banyala and the Baruuli (b) female member of one of the clans of the Otter totem

**naisiga** *(o)naisiga* n.1a/10 type of mushroom which usually grow in banana plantation

**Naisonga** *(o)Naisonga* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Grasshopper totem

**naizirembe** *(o)naizirembe* n.1a/2 newcomer • *Onaizirembe tasimoola mu ngango ya kika.* A newcomer does not speak during a clan meeting.

**naizuguma** *(o)naizuguma* n.1a/10 (a) biceps • *Abasaiza oKanca yabatondere n'enaizuguma ezikooto.* God made men with big biceps muscles. (b) muscle ache • *Onaizuguma agadya muno abakaire.* Muscle ache disturbs old people.

**naizunga** *(o)naizunga* n.1a/10 very big breasts • *Abakali abamwei bata n'amabeere ga naizunga.* Some women have very big breasts.

**naizungwa** *(o)naizungwa* n.1a/10 fruit of the sausage tree (*Kigelia africana*)

**Najiimu** *(o)Najiimu* n.1a/2 male member of one of the clans of either Cane rat or Hyena totem

**naka** *(o)naka* n.1a/10 type of small edible flying termites common in Bulemeezi County

**Nakabboopi** *(o)Nakabboopi* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Elephant totem

**Nakabiito** *(o)Nakabiito* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Bush buck or Lion totem

**nakabirye** *(o)nakabirye* n.1a/2 great-

great grandchild, second generation grandchild • *Yalina abanakabirye we yafeereire.* He had great-great grandchildren by the time he passed on.

**Nakabwijwa** *(o)Nakabwijwa* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Hippopotamus totem

**Nakabyasi** *(o)Nakabyasi* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Reedbuck totem

**Nakacwa** *(o)Nakacwa* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem

**Nakaduuli** *(o)Nakaduuli* n.1a/2 Ruuli woman • *Abanakaduuli bafukamira ni bakulamukya abakulu.* Ruuli women kneel down when greeting elders.

**Nakafuma** *(o)Nakafuma* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Buffalo totem

**nakaita** *(o)nakaita* n.1a pollen • *Enzoki zikumbaania onakaita okuzwa oku bimuli ni zikola ojuuru.* Bees collect pollen from the flowers and make honey.

**nakaizi** *(o)nakaizi* n.1a diluted local beer • *Omwenge ogu nakaizi tiguwooma.* Diluted local beer is not tasty.

**Nakalaalo** *(o)Nakalaalo* n.1a/2 Hima woman • *Abakalaalo banywa muno amatai nijo ensonga lwaki bageiza.* Hima women drink a lot of milk, that is why they gain weight.

**Nakalaŋo** *(o)Nakalaŋo* n.1a/2 Langi woman • *Abanakalaŋo bata bakoli bamaani.* Langi women are very hard working.

**Nakalebe** *(o)Nakalebe* n.1a/2 what'sher-name (used to refer to a woman whose name or clan one cannot recall or does not know) • *ONakalebe akusagalya kabina.* What's-hername is wiggling her bum.

**Nakalebeeki** *(o)Nakalebeeki* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem

**Nakamooli** *(o)Nakamooli* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck clan

**nakasatwe** *(o)nakasatwe* n.1a/2 third generation • *Oni mwizukulu wange wa nakasatwe.* This one is my third-generation grandchild.

**nakasyabura** *(o)nakasyabura* n.1a type of banana with a red stem markings

**nakati** *(o)nakati* n.1a nakati (*Solanum aethiopicum*) • *Nakati aliibwa muno nka odugudya omu Uganda. Solanum aethiopicum* are widely eaten as leafy vegetables in Uganda.

**Nakato** [see *Nyakato*]

**Nakayindu** *(o)Nakayindu* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Cow totem

**nakazaire** <Lunyala> *(o)nakazaire* n.1a/2 new mother, mother of a newborn baby • *Onakazaire asaine kulya mere gigondu.* A mother of a newborn child should eat soft food.

**naki** (e.g. *munaki, banaki, kanaki*) adj. (a) weak • *Tikikwewuunyisya no maawo yaali munaki.* No wonder, even your mother was a weakling. (b) lazy • *Nywete muli banaki muno timusobola nakulongoosa we musula!* You are very lazy people, you cannot even clean where you stay!

**nakikooto** <Lunyala> *(o)nakikooto* n.1a/2 type of spirit among the Baruuli and Banyala

**Nakimaite** <Lunyala> *(o)Nakimaite* n.1a name given to a girl born when the parents have had a misunderstanding

**nakimpagaara** *(o)nakimpagaara* n.1a/2 woman with a male stature • *Abasaiza abamwe batiina okuswera abakali abanakimpagaara.* Some men are afraid to marry women with a male stature.

**Nakinyama** *(o)Nakinyama* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the White-browed robin-chat totem **nakitokolo** *(o)nakitokolo* n.1a big banana plantation • *Ata ne nakitokolo.* He has a big banana plantation.

**naku**<sup>1</sup> *(e)naku* n.9/10 day • *E Kampala omaareyo enaku imekai?* How many days have you stayed in Kampala?

**naku**<sup>2</sup> *(e)naku* n.9 misery, suffering, sorrow, agony • *Tinkwendya kulowooza ku naku gye bayakairemu!* I could not imagine the misery they went through!

**nakuwala** *(oku)nakuwala* v.intr. *nakuwaire* to be sad, to be unhappy • *Lwaki mukali we onakuwaire?* Woman, why are you sad?

**Nakyali** *(o)Nakyali* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the

# Lungfish totem

**nakyemaara** *(o)nakyemaara* n.1a/2 dictator, despot • *Opurezidenti atawabulwa abba nakyemaara.* A president who cannot be advised is a dictator.

**nakyewa** *(o)nakyewa* n.1a/2 volunteer • *Kisoboka okufuna abatiikirwa okukola nka banakyewa omu kampuni eni?* Is it possible to have graduates to serve as volunteers in this company?

**nakyeyombokeire** *(o)nakyeyombokeire* n.1a/2 elderly unmarried woman who stays in her own house • *Abanakyeyombokeire beyongeire ebiro bini.* There is an increased number of unmarried women who are staying in their own houses these days.

**Nalubaale** *(e)Nalubaale* n.9 Lake Victoria

**nalulagala** *(o)nalulagala* n.1a/10 small green snake found in foliage • *Onalulagala tabba na bulungu.* The nalulagala snake is not poisonous.

**nalwekiika** *(o)nalwekiika* n.1a/10 inflammation of the groin • *Naabire omu irwaro ni kuzuuka nga ndwaire nalwekiika.* I went to the hospital and it was discovered that I am suffering from an inflammation of the groin.

**namaara** *(o)namaara* n.1a variety of banana • *Ekitani kya mwana omwala bakiriika ku namaara.* The placenta of a baby girl is buried near namaara banana.

**namadi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)namadi* n.1a/10 (a) crop (of a bird)• *Onamakuuwa abiika emere omu namadi.* The marabou stork keeps food in its crop. (b) basket for hunter's meat • *Omwigi ataire enyama omu namadi.* The hunter put the meat in the basket.

**namagoye** *(o)namagoye* n.1a/2 albino • *Onamagoye abba n'omubiri ogukwisana ogwa mujungu.* An albino has a skin like a European person.

**namaiso** *(o)namaiso* n.1a/2 animal with two brown spots in the face • *Ombwene onamaiso ayakaire ani.* The dog with two brown spots in the face has passed here.

**namaizi** *(o)namaizi* n.1a variety of banana used for making local beer **namakuuwa** *(o)namakuuwa* n.1a/10

marabou stork • *Onamakuuwa abiika emere omu namadi.* The marabou stork keeps food in its crop.

**namalya** *(o)namalya* n.1a/10 type of bird (it gives warning signals if something unusual happens in the area)

**namankuura** *(o)namankuura* n.1a/10 variety of yam with large tubers

**namantiiti** <Lunyala> *(o)nnamantiiti* n.1a/10 purple grenadier (*Uraeginthus ianthinogaster*) • *Ni kyabba nga oikululu niye asinga obukooto, onamantiiti nasinga obudooli.* If the ostrich is the biggest bird, then the purple grenadier is the smallest. **namata** *(o)namata* n.1a/10 white millet • *Obwita bwa namata buwooma busera.* White millet is good for porridge.

**namba** *(e)namba* n.9/10 <from En.> number, count, amount, point • *Nkobera enamba ya bantu abali omu lukiiko.* Tell me how many people are in the meeting.

**Nambaga** *(o)Nambaga* n.1a type of spirit among the Baruuli and Banyala • *ONambaga niryo limwe ku membe ga Baganda.* Nambaga is one of Buganda's spirits.

**nambala** *(o)nambala* n.1a/10 (a) Abdim's stork, white-bellied stork (*Ciconia abdimii*) • *Onambala zirya enswa.* The Abdim's stork eats flying termites. (b) female member of one of the clans of either the *Apus affinis* or Abdim's stork totem

**nambalaala** *(o)nambalaala* n.1a short small breasts • *Amabeere gaamwei ga nambalaala.* She has short small breasts.

**nambiniriirye** [see *nambiniriiryo*] **nambiniriiryo** *(o)nambiniriiryo* n.1a/10 type of mushroom (brown in colour) • *Onambiniriiryo amera ku kiswa kiseizere.* The nambiniriiryo mushroom sprouts on a termite hill. **nambu** conj. that, allegedly (a quotative marker expressing doubt) • *Akobere nambu Musiita.* He has said that he belongs to the Sheep clan.

**nambula** (e.g. *onambula, banambula*) adj. lacking, missing, being short of • *Abaiti ba bantu babba banambula kibaraazi.* Killers are people without mercy.

**nambula-buculeeri** (e.g. *ginambulabuculeeri, binambula-buculeeri*) adj. (a) insecure, unstable • *Ensi eginambula-buculeeri tekulaakulana.* An insecure country cannot develop. (b) restless, anxious • *Abbaire nambulabuculeeri okuzwa lwe baitire omwara.* He has been restless since they killed his daughter.

**nambulaisobooro** [see also *nambulamu*] *(o)nambulaisobooro* n.1a/2 good-for-nothing person, useless person • *Abanambulaisobooro baibba abantu omu Uganda.* Good-fornothing people steal people's property in Uganda.

**nambulamu** [see also *nambulaisobooro*] *(o)nambulamu* n.1a/2 goodfor-nothing person, useless person • *Lwaki omaara obwire bwamu n'onambulamu?* Why do you waste your time with a worthless person?

**namirantyo** *(o)namirantyo* n.1a mingled cassava meal (lit. I will swallow like that.) • *Eizo twaliire namirantyo.* Yesterday we ate mingled cassava meal.

**nampala** <Nyara> *(o)nampala* n.1a/2 (a) task master, foreman, headman, supervisor, administrator • *Onampala wa nzira ekwombokebwa mu Chaina.* The supervisor of the road under construction is a Chinese. (b) whip (an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature) • *Onampala wa gavumenti niye alu-*

*nɳamya abaminisita.* The government's whip is the one who supervises all cabinet ministers.

**nampenda** *(o)nampenda* n.1a muscle pull • *Onampenda andemeserye okutambula.* A muscle pull has made me unable to walk.

**Nampiina**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Nampiina* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Bushbuck totem

**nampiina**<sup>2</sup> *(o)nampiina* n.1a/10

type of bird which eats hot chillies

**nampoigolya** *(o)nampoigolya* n.1a/10 type of mushroom

**nampongera**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nampongera* n.1a (a) sleeping sickness • *Obulwaire bwa nampongera buwiisa abantu.* Sleeping sickness causes a mental disorder. (b) person who doses all the time • *Onampongera tasobola kusoma kusai omu kibiina.* A person who doses often cannot perform well in school.

**nampongera**<sup>2</sup> *(o)nampongera* n.1a/10 African pygmy kingfisher (*Ispidina picta*) • *Onampongera awongera muno.* The African pygmy kingfisher dozes a lot.

**Nampuuli** *(o)Nampuuli* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the duiker totem

**Namudongo** *(o)Namudongo* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the clan of the Bushbuck totem

**namudooli** *(o)namudooli* n.1a/2 slender woman • *Nsweire onamudooli.* I have married a slender woman.

**Namugereka** *(o)Namugereka* n.1a

God • *ONamugereka atukoleire bisai.* God has done us good.

**Namugimba** *(o)Namugimba* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of either the Monkey or Catfish totems **namuginga** *(o)namuginga* n.1a/10 cane weevil borer, sugarcane weevil (*Rhabdoscelus obscurus*) • *Onamuginga alya muno ebikaizo.* The sugarcane weevil borer destroys a lot of sugar cane.

**namugobe** <Lunyala> *(o)namugobe* n.1a finely ground powder made from dried greens, such as *Vigna unguiculata*

**Namugonya** *(o)Namugonya* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Frog or Mushroom totem

**Namujumbi** *(o)Namujumbi* n.1a name given to a girl born during heavy rain • *Onamujumbi yabyaliibwe nga oikendi akutoonya muno.* Namujumbi was born when it was raining heavily.

**namujuna** *(o)namujuna* n.1a fast growing sweet potato variety (lit. what helps people)

**namukekula** <Buyende> adv. (of rain) heavily • *Oikendi yatoonyere namukekula.* It rained heavily.

**namukongo** *(o)namukongo* n.1a/10 pin-tailed whydah (*Vidua macroura*) • *Onamukongo abba n'omukira gulai.* The whydah has a long tail.

**namukooto** *(o)namukooto* n.1a huge thing, very big thing • *Omusaiza yayombokere namukooto wa nyumba.* The man built a huge house.

**namulai** [see *nyamulai*] <Lunyala> **namunaga** *(o)namunaga* n.1a/10 soldier ant • *Onamunaga asiisa muno ebigogo.* Soldier ants destroy banana plants.

**namundagi** *(o)namundagi* n.1a/10 genet • *Onamundagi aisana ngoi.* A genet resembles a leopard.

**namundooli** *(o)namundooli* n.1a/10 yellow jacket wasp • *Onamundooli ayomboka oku ngoye ezirwire okukolesebwa.* The yellow jacket wasp builds its nest in clothes which are kept unused for a long time.

**namunguule** *(o)namunguule* n.1a/10 giant, huge person • *Naboine omusaiza onamunguule eizo omu katale.* I saw a very big, tall man in the market yesterday.

**namunigina** adv. <from alsways with bwa> alone, by oneself, on one's own • *Omukali odi yatambwire bwa namunigina.* That woman went alone.

**namuningi** *(o)namuningi* n.1a/10 hammerkop (*Scopus umbretta*) • *Onamuningi nikyo kinyonyi ekyombokesya eitakali ate kya riiso limwei.* The hammerkop is a bird that builds its nest from earth and is one eyed.

**namunsaale** *(o)namusaale* n.1a/10 tree oyster mushroom (*Pleurotus ostreatus*) • *Obutiko obu namunsaale bumera ku bikonge bya musaale.* Tree oyster mushrooms grow on a tree stump.

**namunsiiri** *(o)namunsiiri* n.1a/10 female anopheles mosquito • *Onamu-* *nsiiri alwalisya omubiri.* The female anopheles mosquito causes malaria. **namunswa** *(o)namunswa* n.1a/10 termite queen • *Onamunswa takooraku kyarumwe.* The termite queen does not work at all.

**namunungu** *(o)namunungu* n.1a/10 porcupine (*Hystricidae*) • *Onamunungu abba n'amawa.* The porcupine has quills.

**namunywa** <Lunyala> *(o)namunywa* n.1a HIV/AIDS • *Onamunywa ndoowo mubazi gumuwonya.* There is no cure for HIV/AIDS.

**namunzoki** [see *nyamunzoki*] *namunzoki*

**namurwakya** *(o)namurwakya* n.1a first harvest of sweet potato • *Emambya nkubaibuura ebiyaata ebi namurwakya.* I am going to serve you a sweet potato meal from the first harvest.

**namusuna** *(o)namusuna* n.1a chicken pox (*Varicella*) • *Obulwaire bwa namusuna bugadya muno aba mu kibuga.* Chicken pox infests people from urban areas.

**Namuwanga** <Lunyala> *(o)Namuwanga* n.1a creator, maker • *ONyamuwanga niye yawangire enca eni.* It is God who created this world.

**Namuyonjo** *(o)Namuyonjo* n.1a one of the princes of Bunyoro who tried to rule Bunyala

**namuziga** *(e)namuziga* n.9/10 wheel • *Abaana bataka muno okuvuga enamuziga.* The children like to play with wheels.

**namuŋoona** *(o)namuŋo(o)na* n.1a/10 pied crow (*Corvus albus*) • *Onamuŋoona abba n'ekipaaki ekyeru ne kiragazu.* The pied crow has white and black patches.

**namwandu** *(o)namwandu* n.1a/2 widow • *Onamwandu eyafiriibwe oiba waamwe okwezi okuweire yeena afiire.* The widow who lost her husband last month has also passed on.

**Namwango** *(o)Namwango* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**namwenga** *(o)namwenga* n.1a/10 fire obtained from friction

**namweraigolo** *(o)namweraigolo* n.1a fast-growing maize variety • *Ebiduuma nasimbire namweraigolo.* I planted a fast-growing maize variety.

**Namwica** *(o)Namwica* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**namwingi** [see also *nyamwingi*] <Lunyala> (e.g. *zinamwingi, banamwingi, binamwingi*) adj. numerous, great in number, many, multiple • *Atungire empiiya zinamwingi.* She has accumulated a lot of money.

**nanansi** *(e)nanansi* n.9/10 <from Persian via Sw.> pineapple (*Ananas comosus*) • *Nkwaba kusimba musiri gwa nanansi.* I am going to plant a pineapple field.

**nancurama** *(o)nancurama* n.1a/10 grey mushroom which usually grows in May and June • *Onancurama abba mwingi okwa ikendi.* During the rainy season there are many nancurama mushrooms.

**Nancwezi** *(o)Nancwezi* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Pangolin totem

**nandere** *(o)nandere* n.1a black medium-sized variety of tilapia common in Lake Kyoga

**nandi** *(e)nandi* n.9/10 high yielding variety of maize

**Nandira** *(o)Nandira* n.1a/2 name given to a girl who is born with the umbilical cord around the neck

**nanga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nanga* n.9/10 anchor • *Omutegi anagire enanga.* The fisherman lowered the anchor.

**nanga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nanga* n.9/10 chain wheel, sprocket wheel, sprocket • *Enanga ya gaali esiisikaire.* The sprocket of the bicycle has broken down.

**nanga**<sup>3</sup> *(e)nanga* n.9/10 (a) piano, organ, keyboard • *Enanga bagikolesya okwegesya abaana amaraka ga njawulo.* A piano is used to teach children the different pitches. (b) mouth organ, harmonica • *Naani yakwogeserye okuzeenya enanga?* Who taught you to play the mouth organ? **nanganda** *(o)nanganda* n.1a/10 type of tree

**Nangoma**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Nangoma* n.1a traditional leader of the Baruuli • *Nangoma niye yaali omwebembezi wa Bunyala-Buruuli eyeekereire.* Nangoma was the first ruler of Bunyala and Buruuli.

**Nangoma**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Nangoma* n.1a/2 the name given to the elder one of twin sisters • *ONangoma ayabire n'oitaamwe omu tawuni.* Nangoma has gone to town with her father.

**Nanjara** <Ruruuli> *(o)Nanjara* n.1a name given to a girl born during famine • *ONanjara yabyaliibwe omu biro bya nzara eyarumire Abanakasongola omu mwaka gwa kinaanai.* Najara was born during the famine that hit Nakasongola in the 80's.

**Nanjura** <Lunyala> *(o)Nanjura* n.1a name given to a girl born when it is raining

**nanka** *(o)nanka* n.1a (a) what'shis-name, what's-his-face, so and so, this person (used as placeholder for the noun one cannot remember)

• *Onanka odi niye yabbaireku ani.* What's-his-face was here briefly. (b) to do (used as placeholder for the verb one cannot remember)

**Nankangwa** *(o)Nankangwa* n.1a/2 female member of one the clans of the Feather-legged hen totem

**nankenga** *(o)nankenga* n.1a cracked heel, heel fissure • *Onankenga bulwaire buluma muno.* Cracked heels are very painful.

**nankulu** *(o)nankulu* n.1a/2 female head, chairwoman, female director • *Jeniffer yaali nankulu wa KCCA.* Jeniffer was a chairwoman of KCCA's.

**Nankurungo** *(o)Nankurungo* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Cow totem

**Nankurwe** *(o)Nankurwe* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans belonging to the Genet totem

**Nansaigi** *(o)Nansaigi* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Waterbuck totem

**Nansambu**<sup>1</sup> *(o)Nansambwe* n.1a/2 female member of one the clans of the Heron totem

**nansambu**<sup>2</sup> *(o)nansambwe* n.1a/10 yellowish small mushroom

**Nanseera** *(o)Nanseera* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Rhino totem

**nanseizere** *(o)nanseizere* n.1a/10 white small mushroom which usually grows on termite hills

**Nansenja** *(o)Nansenja* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Feather-legged hen clan

**nansi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nansi* n.1a/2 <from Sw.> nurse, assistant, caretaker • *Onansi odi akuura eirwaro lya banakazaire mutendeke kusai.* That nurse who is in charge of the maternity ward is well trained.

**nansi**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *munansi, banansi, zinansi*) adj. indigenous, native, aboriginal • *Ewaiswe tuliisya nkoko zinansi.* At home we rear indigenous chicken.

**Nansiita** *(o)Nansiita* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Sheep totem

**Nansingo** *(o)Nansingo* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Leopard totem

**Nansogo** *(o)Nansogo* n.1a/2 female member of of one the clans of the Blue duiker totem

**Nansukwe** *(o)Nansukwe* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Mushroom totem

**nantabya** *(o)nantabya* n.1a/2 controversial person • *Abanantabya batukoore ekisa bawuluke olukiiko.* Let the controversial people be considerate enough and leave the meeting.

**nantalambwa** *(o)nantalambwa* n.1a/2 person who ignores advice • *Onantalambwa yayabire nago ku ntumbwe. (Ruuli-Nyala proverb).* A person who never takes advise ends up in problems. (lit. One who ignores advice went with faeces on his legs.) **nantenga** *(o)nantenga* n.1a erection, erect penis • *Omusaiza abbaire n'onantenga okumala ebiro bibiri.* The man had an erection for some days. **nantoirye** <Ruruuli> *(o)nantoirye*

n.1a wild poisonous mushroom

**Nanzala** <Lunyala> *(o)Nanzala* n.1a/2 name given to a girl born during famine • *ONanzala yabyaliibwe kwa nzala eyalumire ebicweka ebikusinga omu Uganda omu mwaka gwa 1980.* Nanzala was born during the famine which hit most of regions in Uganda in 1980.

**Nanzira** *(o)Nanzira* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Lungfish totem

**napi** *(e)napi* n.9/10 <from En.> nappy, diaper • *Omwana waamu mubbwe enapi atasensera byebasiryo byamwe.* Put a nappy on your baby so that she doesn't soil her bedsheets.

**Naranzi** *(o)Naranzi* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the African civet cat totem

**Nasambwe** *(o)Nasambwe* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Heron totem

**nasula** *(oku)nasula* v.tr. *naswire* (a) to hit, to strike, to bump • *Eibbaale linaswire akanyonyi.* A stone has hit the bird. (b) to shoot at • *Omukuumi yanaswire omwibbi n'afa.* A guard shot a thief and killed him. (c) to pull (a trigger), to release (an arrow), to unsnap, to release (a trap) • *Omusirikale wa poliisi anaswire akalaso ni kaita abantu babiri ababbaire bakwakalawo.* The policeman accidentally released an arrow and it killed two by-passers.

**nati** *(e)nati* n.9/10 <from En.> nut • *Enati ya gaali yange egwire.* A nut from my bicycle is lost.

**nawankuura** *(o)nawankuura* n.1a/10 type of creeping plant with yellow flowers

**Nayanja** *(o)Nayanja* n.1a/2 female member of one of the clans of the Lungfish totem

**naye** conj. (a) but, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, however, still • *Ngezereku okumuswagana baitu he disappered.* I have tried to look for him, but I have failed. (b) **naye nga** but, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, however, still • *Yabbairemu omu nyumba naye nga takusimoola.* He was there in the house, but he was quiet.

naye

**nazikonera**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nazikonera* n.1a <from archaic> premature banana • *Abakali ba nda batera akutaka okulya onazikonera.* Pregnant women usually love to eat premature bananas.

**Nazikonero**<sup>2</sup> *(o)Nazikonero* n.1a Bunyala royal throne • *Omukama wa Bunyala aculeire oku Nazikonero.* The king of Bunyala is on the thronem ruling in peace.

**nca** <Lunyala> *(e)nca* n.9 (a) world, planet, globe, universe • *OKanca niye yakancirye enca.* It is God who created the world. (b) country, land, state • *Uganda nigyo nca yaiswe.* Uganda is our country.

**ncaaca** *(e)ncaaca* n.9/10 cracked heel, heel fissure • *Abalumi abamwe bafuna n'encaaca kubba tibazwala gaamubutusi.* Some farmers get cracked heels because they do not wear gumboots.

**nceege** adv. next day, the following day, the day after • *Yaizire nceege.* He came the following day.

**ncenka** *(e)ncenka* n.9 residue in flour • *Tolamu enceeka ezo.* Remove that flour residue.

**Ncumeecume** *(o)Ncumeecume* n.1a (a) royal name for Banyala and Baruuli kings (b) famous person, wellknown person • *Okalidinaali Nsubuga Wamala niye omwe oku Ncumecume za Uganda.* Cardinal Emanuel Wamala is one of the most famous people in Uganda.

**ncuraanisya** <Ruruuli> *(e)ncuraani-*

*sya* n.9/10 preface, introduction, foreword • *Buli kitabo bakiwandiikaku encuraanisya.* Every book has a preface.

**ncurucuucu** *(o)ncurucuucu* n.1a/10 type of eel like cat fish, kind of small mudfish resembling an eel in appearance

**ncuukira**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ncuukira* n.9 hypocrisy, dishonesty • *Tikyali kindi ekya mwikirye omu buzubu wabula bwa ncuukira bwamwe.* It was nothing else other than his hypocrisy that got him into problems.

**ncuukire**<sup>1</sup> *(o)ncuukire* n.1a/2 weaned child • *Oncuukire akutaka kunywa matai.* A weaned child needs to drink milk.

**ncwera** *(o)ncwera* n.1a/10 forest cobra (*Naja melanoleuca*) • *Oncwera njoka wa busuume.* The cobra is a dangerous snake.

**ncwi** *(o)ncwi* n.1a/10 fish • *Mmaare okutega encwi.* I have finished setting fish traps.

**nda** *(e)nda* n.9/10 (a) stomach, belly, tummy, abdomen • *Ata n'enda egikooto.* He has a big stomach. (b) pregnancy • *Omukali yatanakire obwire bwona bwe yali enda.* She vomited throughout her pregnancy. (c) **mwana wa nda** progeny, offspring, descendant • *Abamerika abasinga baana ba nda za baswagi ba bubudamu.* Many Americans are the progeny of immigrants. (d) **mukali wa nda** pregnant woman • *Abakali abawanda banaaba ebitonto.* Preg-

nant women bathe with a potion of *Crassocephalum vitellinum*. (e) **kubba (e)nda** (of a baby) to crawl • *Omwana atandikire okukubba enda.* The child is beginning to crawl.

**ndaawo** *(o)ndaawo* n.1a/10 castrated animal • *Yatundire endaawo zaamwe zonna asobole okugula ente emigongo.* He sold off all the castrated animals to make room for other cows in the kraal.

**ndaaya** *(e)ndaaaya* n.9/10 patch of intentionally uncleared bush

**ndabirwamu** *(e)ndaabirwamu* n.9 (a) glass • *Amadirisa bagataamu endabirwamu.* They put glass into the window. (b) mirror • *Abakali beeroola muno omu ndabirwamu.* Women love looking in the mirror.

**ndabisa** *(e)ndaabisa* n.9 expression of welcome • *Obugenyi obwanyuma obubonera ku ndabusa.* A good party is judged by the expression of welcome.

**ndabiso** <Kiryandongo> *(e)ndaabiso* n.9/10 mirror • *Abaala beeroola muno omu ndabiso.* Girls like to look in the mirror.

**ndabisyo** *(e)ndaabisyo* n.9/10 torch • *Molekeraku n'endabisyo yaamu.* Kindly flash here with your torch.

**ndagaano** *(e)ndaagaano* n.9/10 (a) agreement, contract • *Mwize tukole endagaano ya kibanja.* Come and let's make a sales agreement for the plot. (b) **ndagaano (e)gikaire** Old Testament • *Endagaano egikaire erimu ebitabo 39.* There are 39

books in the Old Testament. (c) **ndagaano (e)giyaaka** New Testament • *Endagaano giyaaka erimu ebitabo 27.* There are 27 books in the New Testament.

**ndagala** *(e)ndagala* n.9/10 banana leaf • *Kukuubuulya endagala ezo.* Remove the midribs of the banana leaves.

**ndakalaka** *(e)ndakalaka* n.9/10 (a) type of shrub used to make wooden beads (b) wooden bead • *Abakali bebbwanga endakalaka.* Women used to wear wooden beads.

**ndalike** *(e)ndalike* n.9/10 type of shrub on which is used to make the sticks for the furniture

**ndamuca** *(e)ndaamuca* n.9 style of greeting • *Endamuca yaanywe ti gisai.* His style of greeting is not good. **ndamula** *(e)ndaamula* n.9 ruling, judgment, inquiry • *Endamula ya musango ebbaire gisai.* The ruling of the case has been good.

**ndamyo** *(e)ndaamyo* n.9 way of worshipping, worshipping style • *Buli diini ebba n'endamyo yaayo.* Every religion has its way of worshipping.

**ndangabiisani** *(e)ndaangabiisani* n.9/10 television, TV, TV set • *Abaana bali mu diiro bakubona ndangabiisani.* Children are in the dining room watching television.

**ndangabuguli** *(e)ndaangabuguli* n.9/10 receipt, bill • *Ni naguure olugoye tibampaire ndangabuguli.* They did not give me a receipt when I bought the clothing.

**ndangamuntu** *(e)ndaangamuntu* n.9/10 national identity card, identity card, ID card • *Uganda yatairewo endangamuntu.* Uganda has introduced national identity cards.

**ndangiirakifo** *(e)ndaangiirakifo* n.9/10 demonstrative pronoun • *Omu Ruruuli mulimu endagiirakifo imeka?* How many demonstrative pronouns are there in Ruruuli-Lunyala?

**ndasabiisani** *(e)ndaasabiisani* n.9/10 photo camera • *Abaana bakoleserye endasabiisani yange okukwata ebiisani.* Children used my camera to take photos.

**ndasamaraka** *(e)ndaasamaraka* n.9/10 radio • *Amakuru ago ngawuliire ku ndasamaraka.* I have heard that news from the radio.

**ndasani** *(o)ndasani* n.1a/2 talkative person, communicative person • *Omusaiza ondasani tasoboka kubba naye.* A talkative man is difficult to live with.

**ndebeida** *(o)ndebeida* n.1a/2 (a) woman before giving birth, young woman • *Omwala wa Majara akyali ndebeida.* Majara's daughter is still young. (lit. Majara's daughter has not given birth yet.) (b) tall and beautiful woman • *Omusaiza yasweire omukali ondebeida.* The man married a tall and beautiful woman.

**ndebenzi** *(e)ndebenzi* n.9 urine **ndebulyo** *(e)ndebulyo* n.9/10 piece of calabash • *Omu kubumba bakolesya ndebulyo okulamantiirya omu-* *nda omu nsuwa.* In pottery, they use a piece of calabash to smoothen the inside of a pot.

**ndege** *(e)ndege* n.9/10 <from Sw.> aeroplane, plane • *Endege esimbwire ng'obwire bwayo bwa kusimbula bukyali kwika.* The aeroplane has taken off before the scheduled time of the departure.

**ndego** *(e)ndego* n.9/10 basket for keeping millet flour • *Endego eizwire obwita.* The basket is full of millet.

**ndejo** *(e)ndejo* n.9/10 container, tank, barrel, reservoir • *Tindina ndego yakubiika maizi agakumala eka yoona.* I have no container for keeping water for the entire family.

**ndeka** *(e)ndeka* n.9/10 whistle (highpitched sound made by forcing breath though one's palm) • *Aboojo bataka muno okukubba endeka.* Boys like blowing whistles using their palms.

**ndema** *(o)ndema* n.1a/2 disabled, handicapped • *OIsinga yafookere ndema.* Isinga is now handicapped.

**ndemwa** *(o)ndemwa* n.1a/2 terminally ill person • *Ondemwa tasobola kutambula yenkai.* A very sick person cannot walk on his own.

**ndemwaki** *(o)ndemwaki* n.1a/2 expert, professional, master, specialist • *Omakanika ndemwaki asayiririirye emotoka yange.* An expert in mechanic engineering has repaired my car.

**ndengo** *(e)ndengo* n.9/10 weighing scales • *Endengo yabbaire gisiisikali*

*niyo nsonga lwaki yapimire bifu.* The scales was faulty, that is why it took wrong measurements.

**nderalera** *(e)ndareralera* n.9/10 lower part of the abdomen • *Akulumwa omu nderalera.* He feels pain in the lower part of the abdomen.

**ndere** *(o)ndere* n.1a/10 goose • *Endere zibba ku maizi.* Geese live on water.

**ndezi** *(e)ndezi* n.9/10 cataract in early stages • *Abasawu bamuwaire amagezi obutalongesebwa ndezi nga ekyali kukula.* The doctor advised him not to operate the cataract in early stages.

**ndi** (e.g. *abandi, ekindi*) pro. (a) other • *Abandi baabire mu katale.* The others have gone to the market. (b) others, other people • *Abandi baabire ayi?* Where have the others gone?

**ndiga** *(e)ndiga* n.9/10 xylophone • *Mmaite okukubba endiga.* I know how to play the xylophone.

**ndigamaraka** *(e)ndigamaraka* n.9/10 loudspeaker, speaker, megaphone, public address system • *Endigamaraka eni ezindaire.* This loudspeaker does not produce clear sounds.

**ndiira** *(e)ndaiira* n.9 brew given to people who helped with harvesting millet (Traditionally, people come to assist each other to harvest millet. Once the harvest is over and one has brewed beer, it is mandatory that one gives some of it to those who

helped.)

**ndiisya** *(e)ndiisya* n.9 feeding, nutrition • *Endiisya ya nkoko eni ekyali giyaaka.* This method of poultry keeping is still new.

**ndiizi** *(o)ndiizi* n.1a/10 variety of small sweet banana eaten ripe • *Endiizi zaabire ziwaamu omu Uganda.* Ndiizi banana is becoming rare in Uganda.

**ndikiirya** *(e)ndikiirya* n.9 darkness• *Ntiina okutambula omu ndikiirya.* I am afraid of walking in darkness.

**ndiko** *(e)ndiko* n.9 concentrated drink (e.g. milk, beer) • *Asumbiire abageni amatai ga ndiko.* He has prepared concentrated milk for the visitors.

**ndimiro** [see *ndumiro*]

**ndingidi** *(e)ndingidi* n.9/10 tube fiddle • *Nyegere okusuna endingidi.* I have learned how to play the tube fiddle.

**ndiro** *(e)ndiro* n.9/10 hard shot • *Omukwati wa goolo yakwatire endiro zoona zibamukubbire omu penati.* The goalkeeper saved all the hard shots during the penalty kicks.

**ndiwuura** *(e)ndiwuura* n.9/10 stalk borer • *Ondiwuura alya muno oduuma.* The stalk borer feeds on maize stalk.

**ndobo** *(e)ndobo* n.9/10 foul play, kick to a leg in football • *Bamuwaire ekaada egimyuki lwa kukubba ndobo.* He was given a red card for foul play. **ndogoyi** *(o)ndogoyi* n.1a/10 donkey • *OYesu yeebagaire ku ndogoyi n'akwi-* *ngira Yerusaalimu.* Jesus rode on the donkey as he entered Jerusalem.

**ndokwai** *(e)ndokwai* n.9/10 seedling, young plant • *Mbagabiire endokwai za mwani.* I have given them coffee seedlings.

**ndola** *(e)ndaola* n.9 look, appearance • *Endola yaamwe etinisya abaana.* His look scares the children.

**Ndoleere** *(o)Ndoleere* n.1a child born after the death of a siblings

**ndongo** *(e)ndongo* n.9/10 discotheque, disco • *Ludi twasuure mu ndongo.* Last time we spent the night in a discotheque.

**ndoo** *(-)* v.intr. *(-)* there is not (a negative copula verb) • *Ndooyo biduuma omu katale.* There is no maize in the market.

**ndoobe** *(e)ndoobe* n.9/10 loin cloth • *Abantu bairai baazwalanga endoobe.* The people in the past used to wear loin clothes.

**ndoolooto** *(e)ndolooto* n.9/10 dispute, disagreement, conflict, argument • *Endolooto z'eitakali teziriwa Kayunga.* The disputes about the land will never come to an end in Kayunga.

**ndoorwamu** <Ruruuli> *(e)ndoorwamu* n.9/10 mirror • *Abakali bataka muno okwerola omu ndoorwamu.* Women like very much to look into the mirror.

**ndoraine** adv. in broad daylight, redhanded, in the act • *Bamukwaite ndoraine nga akwibba.* He was caught stealing in broad daylight.

**ndorwa** *(e)ndorwa* n.9/10 sty (a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid) • *Omwana wange atera okulwala endorwa.* My child always suffers from a sty.

**ndowooza** *(e)ndowooza* n.9/10 opinion, viewpoint, thought, believe • *Nkobera endowooza yaamu oku nsonga eni.* Tell me your opinion on this matter.

**ndu** *(o)ndu* n.1a/10 (a) lungfish (*Protopterus*) • *Ondu aisana itimba.* The lungfish resembles a python. (b) **ndu (o)mbiryanga** *Protopterus aephiopicus* (grey-yellow lungfish with dark spots)

**Ndubyaliire** *(o)Ndubyaliire* n.1a name given to a girl born when all her elder siblings are dead

**nduku** <Lunyala> *(e)nduku* n.9/10 (a) bonfire (usually organised by children to roast potatoes) (b) **kubba (e)nduku** to roast potatoes in hot soil • *Nje mmaite okukubba enduku ya biyaata.* I know how to roast potatoes in hot soil.

**nduli** *(e)nduli* n.9/10 (a) stem, trunk, stalk • *Emisaale gibba n'enduli.* Trees have trunks. (b) shoe

**ndulwe** *(e)ndulwe* n.9/10 gallbladder • *Amaizi gamu ndulwe galuluwa.* The bile in the gallbladder is sour.

**nduma** *(e)nduma* n.9 method of farming, farming technique • *Baleetere enduma eziyaaka omu Uganda.* They have introduced new methods of farming in Uganda.

**ndumba** *(e)ndumba* n.9 attack, of-

fensive • *Endumba oku nkambi z'amagye yasisimwire gavumenti.* The attack on the army barracks was a wakeup call for the government.

**ndumi** *(o)ndumi* n.1a/10 antbear, aardvark (*Orycteropus afer*) • *Ondumi asaka ebiina omu itakali.* The antbear digs holes in the ground. language, tongue • *Tulina abakadoyi ba ndumi badooli omu Uganda.* We have few language experts in Uganda.

**ndumiro** *(e)ndumiro* n.9/10 plantation, garden, farm • *Endumiro za bikaijo ezisinga omu Kayunga za Bayindi.* Most of the big sugarcane plantations in Kayunga belong to Indians.

**nduuba** *(e)nduuba* n.9/10 braids, interwoven hair style • *Nkutaka enduuba omwala gy'aligisire.* I like the braids that the girl plaited.

**nduulu** *(e)nduulu* n.9/10 alarm, alert, siren • *Yakubbire enduulu aba muliraano ni bamujuna.* He raised the alarm, and the neighbour came to his rescue.

**nduuti** *(e)nduuti* n.9/10 <from archaic> drum • *Wataayo enduuti omu lubiri lwa Kabaka.* There are drums at the Kabaka's palace.

**nduuya** *(e)nduuya* n.9/10 hair style with braids

**ndwaire** *(e)ndawaire* n.9/10 sickness, illness, disease, infection • *Endwaire zingi omu nsi ezireetebwa obusiisa.* There are many diseases in the world caused by bacteria.

**ndwana** *(e)ndawana* n.9 way of fighting, fighting technique • *Endwana yaamwe ya kiitini.* His way of fighting is cowardly.

**ndya** *(e)ndaya* n.9/10 diet • *Endya egisai ekulisya kusai omwana.* A good diet for the baby results in proper growth.

**ndyamuti** *(e)ndayamuti* n.9/10 axe • *Leeta ani endyamuti eyo twatye olukwi.* Fetch that axe here and we will split the firewood.

**Ndyanabo** *(o)Ndyanabo* n.1a name given to a child who is born when the head of the family has enemies **ndyanga** *(e)ndayanga* n.9/10 money

purse, wallet, portemonnaie • *Empiiya yazitaire omu ndyanga.* He put the money into the money purse. **ne** [see *na*]

**nebera** *(oku)nebera* v.intr. *nebeire* (a) to be very weak • *Omwana omulwaire bamutwaire nga akunebera.* They took the sick child when he was very weak. (b) to be slack, to sluggish, to slow, to slow-moving • *Lwaki omwana oyo akunebera atyo?* Why is that child so slack?

**neema** *(e)neema* n.9/10 grace, good will, generosity, kindness • *Tutaka oKanca atuwe eneema.* We need the grace of God.

**neene** *(o)neene* n.1a/10 worm lizard (*Amphisbaenia*)

**neeyakalya** *(e)neeyakalya* n.9 behaviour, conduct • *Eneeyakalya ya mwala waamu nka gibbi oku isomero bbaaku ky'okukola.* Your daughter's

behaviour at school is bad, you had better do something about it.

**negena** *(oku)negena* v.intr. *negenere* to walk lazily, to walk in a relaxed manner • *Omukali Omuyima anenegena.* A Muhima woman walks lazily.

**neka** *(oku)neka* v.intr. *nekere* to be weak, to be weakened • *Omusa anekere olwa obulwaire.* Musa was weakened by the illness.

**nekera** *(oku)nekera* v.intr. *nekeire* to dress smartly, to dress nicely • *Mmuboine nga anekeire olwaleero.* I saw him dressed smartly today.

**nekileesi** *(e)nekileesi* n.9/10 <from En.> necklace • *Omukali wange tazwala nekileesi.* My wife does not wear necklaces.

**nembo** *(e)nembo* n.9/10 glue, gum • *Ebintu bye tukukola tuteeku enembo bigume.* Let's put glue on the tools we are making to strengthen them.

**nena** *(oku)nena* v.tr. *nenere* (a) to bite • *Ombwene anenere omwana nga akwaba oku isomero.* A dog bit a child on his way to school. (b) to sting • *Onzoki annenere.* I was stung by a bee. (c) to suck blood • *Enkoodo zinena ente.* Ticks suck cows' blood. **neneera** <Lunyala> *(oku)neneera* v.intr. *neneire* (of teeth) to be sensitive • *Amaino gange gakuneneerya.* My teeth are sensitive.

**neneerya** *(oku)neneerya* v.tr. *neneirye* to grind (one's teeth) • *Okuneneerya amaino omu Baruuli kirowoozebwa okubba nga kizwa kulumbi-* *bwa kwa mizimu.* Among the Baruuli, tooth grinding is thought to be caused by evil spirits.

**nenengana** *(oku)nenengana* v.intr. *nenegaine* to quarrel, to have a dispute, to disagree • *Bakunenengana nka abwana bwa nzala.* They are quarrelling like hungry children. (Ruruuli-Lunyala idiom)

**nenuka** *(oku)nenuka* v.tr. *nenukire* to soften, to sooth, to make soft • *Kiki kye nyinza okukolesya enoni zange okunenuka?* What can I use to soften my nails?

**nenya** *(oku)nenya* v.tr. *nenyere* to blame, to accuse, to place responsibility on • *Lwaki okunenya? Tigwali musango gwange.* Why should I be blamed? It was not my fault.

**nfaanai** *(e)nfaanai* n.9/10 tapeworm, beef tape worm (*Taenia saginata*) • *Ojigija yaakubba nga yafiire nfaanai.* The cow may have died of tapeworms.

**nfafaani** *(o)nfafaani* n.1a/2 vagabond, wanderer • *Omukali waamwe yafookere nfafaani.* His wife has become a vagabond.

**nfeete** *(e)nfeete* n.9 mom posture, round shoulders, rounded shoulders

• *Omwojo oyo omusai yabyaliibwe n'enfeete.* That boy was born with rounded shoulders.

**nfukuzi** *(o)nfukuzi* n.1a/10 type of mole-rat

**nfuli** *(e)nfuli* n.7/8 <from taboo> labia minora • *Abakali abaduuli balayisya enfuli.* Baruuli women

lengthen their labia minora.

**nfulugundu** *(o)nfulugundu* n.1a/10 puff adder (*Bitis arietans*) • *Onfulugundu njoka mwiti.* The puff adder is a deadly snake.

**nfumbi** [see also *nsumbi*] <Lunyala> *(e)nfumbi* n.9/10 swollen lymphatic gland • *Enfumbi ya kugulu okulyo ekunduma.* The lymph node of my right leg hurts.

**nfumula** *(e)nfumula* n.9 way of piercing, piercing style • *Enfumula ya matwi yabbaire gibbi.* The way in which the ears were pierced was bad. **nfundo** <Lunyala> *(e)nfundo* n.9/10 blackhead, open clogged skin pores• *Enfundo teziruma baitu zibonekesya kubbi omuntu.* Blackheads are painless, but they make a person look ugly.

**nfungo** *(e)nfungo* n.9/10 sanitary pad, menstrual pad • *Omukali yeefungire enfungo.* A woman used a sanitary pad.

**nfuuyirizi** *(o)nfuuyirizi* n.1a/10 antlion (insects from the family *Myrmeleontidae*, traditionally believed to make breasts grow, young girls place them on their breasts hoping that their breast will grow larger) **nfuuzi** *(o)nfuuzi* n.1a/10 orphan, child without parents • *Onamunywa ayongeire oku muwendo gwa banfuuzi omu Uganda.* HIV/AIDS has led to an increased number of orphans in Uganda.

**nga**<sup>1</sup> conj. while, when • *Omusawu azwala enkampa oku mikono nga*

*akujanjaba abalwaire.* The doctor wears gloves while attending to patients.

**-nga**<sup>2</sup> sf. habitual aspect suffix on verbs

**ngaaga** *(e)ngaaga* n.9/10 small papyrus-like plant

**ngabi** *(o)ngabi* n.1a/10 cape bushbuck (*Tragelaphus sylvaticus*) • *Abacwa beizira ngabi.* The Bachwa belong to the bushbuck clan.

**ngabo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)ngabo* n.1a/10 cow with brown or black and white patches

**ngabo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ngabo* n.9/10 shield, armour, protection • *Omulwani akolesya ngabo okwekinga.* A fighter uses a shield to protect himself.

**ngabula** *(e)ngabula* n.9 method of serving, serving style, serving technique • *Engabula ya ku mbaga eni ebbaire gisai.* The way the food was served at this party was good.

**ngada** *(o)ngada* n.1a/10 blue duiker (Philantomba monticola) • *Ongada kisolo kya mu kisiko.* The blue duiker is a wild animal.

**ngaija** *(e)ngaija* n.9/10 <from archaic> long drum • *Engaija etuuta muno.* A long drum makes a high pitch.

**ngaisi** *(e)ngaisi* n.9 fine, penalty • *Yampaire engaisi ya koro omwei.* As a fine, he paid me one male goat.

**ngalabi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ngalabi* n.10 last funeral rites • *Tukwaba mu ngalabi.* We are going to attend the last funeral rites. **ngalabi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ngalabi* n.9/10 long drum • *Engalabi ezwamu amaraka*

*okusinga engoma ezindi.* A long drum is louder than other drums.

**ngalo** *(e)ngalo* n.9/10 finger, hand • *Kolesya engalo yaamu otoole obukyafu omu kutwi.* Use your finger to remove the dirt in your ear.

**ngambaani** *(o)ngambaani* n.1a/2 talkative person, communicative person • *Twasangire omusaiza ongambaani eyabaizire okumala esaawa isatu nga akyali kusirika.* We met a talkative man who talked non-stop for a good three hours.

**ngambanjenkai** *(o)ngambanjenkai* n.1a/2 dictator, despot • *Abangambanjenkai bata baingi omu Afrika.* There are many dictators in Africa.

**ngambwa** *(o)ngambwa* n.1a/10 barbel (*Barbus bynni*) • *Ongambwa ncwi musai muno.* A barbel is a good variety of fish.

**nganda** *(o)nganda* n.1a/10 southern wind • *Onganda niye ompungo awuluka amasirimuka n'aira amambuka.* The southern wind blows from the south to the north.

**ngangali** *(o)ngangali* n.9/10 stubborn person, obstinate person • *Omwana ngangali ali ani akutugadya.* The stubborn child is here disturbing us.

**ngango** *(e)ngango* n.9/10 (a) gathering, meeting, conference • *Baabire adi omu ngango ya kyalo.* They have gone to a village gathering. (b) council • *Engango ya Bunyala eikaire.* The council of the Banyala has convened. (c) official hall of the kingdom

• *Obunyala bukwomboka engango.* The Bunyala kingdom is building a kingdom hall. (d) coronation, inauguration, crowning • *Engango ya Bunyala ebbaawo mu kwezi kwanzogi.* The Bunyala coronation anniversary takes place in August. (e) parliament • *Owakitiinisya Kadaaga niye akuura engango ya Uganda.* Hon. Kadaaga is the speaker of Uganda's parliament. **nganzi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nganzi* n.1a/2 the beloved one, darling • *Umar niye nganzi wange.* It is Umar who is my beloved one.

**nganzi**<sup>2</sup> *(o)nganzi* n.1a/10 Aldebaran (red giant star) • *Onganzi niko kanyenyeezi akaaka omuno akabba ampi n'okwezi.* Aldebaran is a star which is close to the moon.

**ngaramizi** *(o)ngaramizi* n.1a/2 traditional deputy priest • *Ongaramizi aikire okutendeka bakibandwa abandi.* The traditional deputy priest has come to train new priests.

**ngayi** *(e)ngayi* n.9/10 paddle • *Kwata engayi ogimbe.* Get the paddle and row the boat.

**ngedi** adv. that way, there • *Ayabire ngedi.* She went that way.

**ngege** *(o)ngege* n.1a (or 9)/10 tilapia • *Ongege ncwi awooma muno era aliibwa muno omu nca.* The tilapia is a delicious fish and widely eaten in the world.

**ngemeko** *(e)ngemeko* n.9/10 ash filtrate (a solution made from dried plant ash and added to legumes to make them cook faster) • *Omu buwa-* *ngwa engemeko esobola okuzwa omu ikoke.* Traditionally people make ash filtrate from ash.

**ngera** *(e)ngera* n.9/10 palm lines, palmar crease • *Abalaguli basobola okukolesya engera okumanya omukisa gwa muntu.* The lines on one's palm can be used by foretellers to foretell luck.

**ngereesi** *(o)ngereesi* n.1a/10 hen • *Ongereesi wange abuure.* My hen is lost.

**ngereka** *(e)ngereka* n.9/10 overlapping tooth, overlapped tooth • *Omukaire odi owa ngereka ayabire.* That old woman with overlapping teeth has left.

**ngeri** *(e)ngeri* n.9/10 way, art, method • *Nkobera engeri eza njawulo eza kusumbamu amatooke.* Tell me the different ways of cooking matoke.

**ngerimaiga** adv. stably • *Nteekere ngerimaiga.* I am settled peacefully. (lit. I am settled stably.)

**ngeso** *(e)ngeso* n.9/10 (a) value, moral, norm, custom • *Buli iyanga libba n'engeso zalyo.* Every tribe has its own norms. (b) character, behaviour, manners • *Engeso za baana mu kibuga zibba za njawulo oku baana ba mu kyalo.* The behaviour of children in town is different from those in the countryside.

**ngeye** *(o)ngeye* n.1a/10 black-andwhite colobus monkey • *Ongeye abba n'ebyoya bingi.* The colobus monkey has a lot of fur.

**ngeyo** adv. that side, that direction • *Ayabere ngeyo.* He went that way. **njiibwa** *(e)njiibwa* n.9/10 pigeon, dove • *Onjiibwa kinyonyi kya mu bantu.* A pigeon is a domestic bird. **ngingo** *(e)ngingo* n.9/10 joint • *Okugulu kwamwe kwendekeire mu ngingo.* His leg is broken at the joint. **ngiri** *(o)ngiri* n.1a/10 warthog • *Bakubbire ongiri eisasi.* They shot the

warthog with a bullet.

**ngobeero** *(e)ngobeero* n.9/10 policy, guideline • *Buli bukama bubba n'engobeero zaabwo.* Every kingdom has its own policies.

**ngodi** adv. yonder, over there • *Omwana eyabbaire akwendya okunkubba ngodi.* The child who wanted to beat me is over there.

**ngogo** *(e)ngogo* n.9/10 rain water gutter • *Enyumba yange nkwaba kugitaaku engogo eziyaaka.* I am going to install new gutters in my house.

**ngoi** *(o)ngoi* n.1a/10 leopard • *Ongoi ata mwandi.* The leopard is cruel. **ngoma**<sup>1</sup> *(o)ngoma* n.1a/2 kingdom, throne

**ngoma**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ngoma* n.9/10 (a) drum • *Naani oyo akutuutya engoma?* Who is that beating the drums? (b) gizzard • *Ebinyonyi bibba n'engoma.* Birds have gizzards.

**ngongai** <Ruruuli> *(o)ngongai* n.1a/10 otter • *Omaama wange yeizira ngongai.* My mother belongs to the otter clan.

**ngonge** <Lunyala> *(o)ngonge* n.1a/10 otter • *Omaama wange yei-* *zira ngonge.* My mother belongs to the otter clan.

**ngongoizoko** *(e)ngongoizoko* n.7/8 touchiness, sensitivity • *Abakaire babba n'engongoizoko.* Old people are touchy.

**ngonzi** *(e)ngonzi* n.10 love, affection • *Engonzi za Mukama zisai egiri aba-*

*ntu.* God's love for people is great. **ngoobe** *(o)ngoobe* n.1a/10 brown and black stripped cow

**ngooli** *(o)ngooli* n.1a/10 naked neck chicken

**ngoye** *(e)ngoye* n.9/10 item of clothing, garment • *Engoye tuzibaziira na nkinzo.* We mend clothes using a needle.

**ngozi** *(e)ngozi* n.9/10 (a) strand of a banana leaf folded along the midrib (usually tied around a food bundle or worn around the waist of a dancer) (b) baby sling • *Engozi eni nijo ngingiramu omwana.* I use this baby sling to carry the baby.

**ngozijangu** *(o)ngozijangu* n.1a/2 mother of a fast-growing child

**ngozijiremeeri** *(o)ngozijiremeeri* n.1a/2 mother of a slow-growing child

**ngozijizito** *(o)gozijizito* n.1a/2 mother of a slow-growing child

**ngubbe** *(o)ngubbe* n.1a/10 maize stalk borer (*Busseola fusca*) • *Engubbe ziriire ebicooli byange byonabyona.* The maize stalk borer has eaten all my maize.

**ngugo** *(e)ngugo* n.9 salty soil • *E Busungire wataayo engugo.* There is salty soil at Busungire.

**ngugura** *(e)ngugura* n.9/10 type of small black tilapia • *Ongugura yeena alimu omu Kyoga.* There is small black tilapia in Lake Kyoga.

**ngule** *(e)ngule* n.9/10 comb, crest • *Ompanga akuure abba n'engule.* A fully-grown cock always has a comb. **nguli** *(o)nguli* n.1a/2 the late, one's late, dead, departed • *Tukwabya lumbe lwa nguli Byalumbe.* We are celebrating the last funeral rites of the late Byalumbe.

**ngulukamazuba** *(o)ngulukamazuba* n.1a/2 youthful girl, young girl, teenage • *Ti kisai ongulukamazuba okusula omu nyumba emwei n'abasaiza.* It is not good to let a teenage girl to stay in a house with men.

**ngumba** *(o)ngumba* n.1a/2 infertile man • *Omusaiza ombulankwaso tabyala abba ngumba.* A man who is infertile can never have children.

**ngumira** *(o)ngumira* n.1a/2 middle age • *OBasemera aikire oku mwijo gwa ngumira.* Basemera has reached middle age.

**ngundu** *(o)ngundu* n.1a/10 bull • *Ongundu wange talowo, bamutwaire kwemesya nte zindi mu kyalo.* My bull is not here, it was taken to the village to mate with cows.

**ngurukira** *(o)ngurukira* n.1a/10 parasitic plant (*Laurenthas* species) • *Engurukira ziita emisaale.* Parasitic plants of the *Laurenthas* species destroy trees.

**ngurukizi** [see *ngurukira*] <Lu-

# nyala>

**nguuli** *(e)nguuli* n.9 waragi (distilled alcoholic beverage) • *Okuboneka onywire nguuli niyo ensonga lwaki okutagala.* It seems you have drunk waragi, that is why you are staggering.

**nguzi** *(e)nguzi* n.9/10 bribe, payoff to influence illegal activity • *OKabafunzaki bamuwaire enguzi ati akulwanagana na misango mu mbuga.* Kabafunzaki was given a bribe and is now battling the case in the court of law.

**ngwei** [see *ngoi*]

**ni**1 *(***n'** before vowels*)* conj. (a) when, as soon as • *Ni waika awasookerwa onkubbire.* Call me when you arrive at the reception. (b) if, on condition that, provided (that) • *Ni waiza njeena n'ayaba naawe e Kampala.* If you come, I will go with you to Kampala. (c) and (clausal conjunction)

**ni**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *oni, bani, eni* pro. this (proximal demonstrative) • *Entebe eni ekairikire muno.* This chair has gotten very old.

**ni**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *ngoni, mbani, nzini ngini*) part. here • *Ompiri ngoni akwiruka.* A snake is moving quickly here.

**nia** *(oku)nia* v.intr. *nieyire* to defecate • *Lwaki okunia omu lukwengere nga waliwo ekyolooni?* Why do you defecate in an open place when there is a toilet?

**niagira** *(oku)niagira* v.intr. *niagiire* to walk with legs wide apart (especially due to pain or difficulty)

**niagumba** *(oku)niagumba* v.intr. *niagumbire* to walk away without minding others, to strut around, to walk around with an air of arrogant indifference • *Omukali yaniagumbire naleka abaana nga tibalina mere.* The woman walked away and left the children without food.

**nienuki** <Ruruuli> (e.g. *bunienuki, binienuki*) adj. fine (of flour) • *Obuwunga obunienuki babusumbamu keeki.* Fine flour is used for baking cakes.

**nienula** *(oku)nienula* v.tr. *nienwire* to grind finely • *Nienula amaido ago.* Grind those groundnuts finely.

**niga** *(oku)niga* v.tr. *nigire* (a) to strangle, to stifle • *Niga ombwene oyo omugwi wa iralu okwica ni wamwita.* Strangle that mad dog until it dies. (b) to choke, to suffocate • *Ekifi kya nyama kinigire omusaiza n'afa.* The piece of meat choked the man to death.

**niigiina** *(e)niigiina* n.9/10 plastic sandal-like shoe • *Ti kisai okuzwala eniigiina ng'okwaba omu lukiiko.* It is not good to wear plastic sandals to a meeting.

**niimu** *(e)niimu* n.9/10 lemon • *Eniimu eni ekunywagalala muno.* This lemon is very sour.

**niina**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)niina* v.intr./tr. *niinire* (a) to ascend, to go up, to rise, to be promoted • *Yayabire aniina mpolampola okwica ni yafookere ominisita.* He rose in the ranks steadily until he became a minister. (b) to climb •

*Niina omusaale onokoreyo emiyambe.* Climb up the tree and pick me some mangoes. (c) to board (a vehicle), to get on, to go aboard • *Ayabire kuniina takisi.* He has gone to get in a taxi. **niina**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)niina* v.intr. *niinire* to step, to make a step • *Aniinire omu binyangata.* He stepped into muddy soil.

**niina**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)niina* v.intr. *niinire* to be possessed (e.g.by a spirit) • *Omuzimu gwamuniinire oku mutwe.* He is possessed by a spirit.

**niiniira** *(oku)niiniira* v.tr. *niiniire* to degrade, to disrespect, to treat with disrespect, to shame, to humiliate • *Lekerawo okuniiniira omukama waamu okwiza kufeerwa omulimu.* Stop disrespecting your boss, you will lose your job.

**niinira** *(oku)niinira* v.tr. *niiniire* to mate • *Twala onkoko waamu oku mpanga amuniinire.* Take your hen to the cock to mate.

**niinisya** *(oku)niinisya* v.tr. *niinisirye* to put, to place • *Niinisya enkwi ezo oku lwino.* Put the firewood on the firewood rack.

**niinuka** *(oku)niinuka* v.intr. *niinukire* to come down, to descend, to get off • *Niinuka ogwo mangu!* Come down quickly!

**nimaawa** *(e)nimaawa* n.9/10 lemon • *Enimaawa zisai mu kukundeeza oku mugeizo.* Lemons are good for losing weight.

**nimwo nimwo** that is it, yes, right, indeed • *Era nimwo bateranga okiko-* *ba.* And that is exactly how they used to say.

**ningu** *(o)ningu* n.1a/10 ningu (*Labeo victorianus*) • *Oningu ncwi munoli muno.* Ningu is a very fatty fish.

**nio** *(e)nio* n.9/10 anus, rectum • *Abantu baniera mu nio.* People defecate through the anus.

**njaara** *(e)njaara* n.9/10 object used in fortune telling

**njaaye** [see also *njaga*] *(e)njaaye* n.9/10 marijuana (*Cannabis sativa*) • *Balwongereize omugwi wa iralu okunywa enjaaye.* It is terrible as a mad person to smoke marijuana. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**njaga** [see also *njaaye*] *(e)njaga* n.9/10 marijuana (*Cannabis sativa*) • *Nikyo atangaraine n'abanywi ba enjaga.* This is where he meets with marijuana consumers.

**njagi** *(e)njagi* n.9/10 *Solonum gilo* (tango eggplant) • *Enjagi ziwooma omukubi.* Tango eggplants are tasty as a sauce.

**njango** *(o)njango* n.1a/10 cat • *Enjango zendya muno amatai.* Cats like milk very much.

**njawulo** *(e)njawulo* n.9/10 (a) difference, distinction • *Waliwo enjawulo akati wa Bapiina n'Ababiito.* There is a difference between the Bapiina and the Babiito. (b) special item, unusual item, rarity • *Omukali wa Kaweesi wa njawulo ku bakali ba Nakasongola.* Mrs. Kaweesi is a special woman compared to other women in Nakasongola. (c) unfairly

earned profit • *OKato yakoore enjawulo gikooto ni yatundire enyumba ya Isingoma.* Kato got a huge unfairly earned profit when he sold Isingoma's house.

**njaza** *(o)njaza* n.1a/10 reedbuck • *Enjaza zaabire ziwaawo olwa okuziyiiga.* Reedbucks are becoming endangered due to poaching.

**nje** pro. I, me (first person singular independent pronoun) • *Nje ndi Muganda wa Masaka.* I am a Muganda from Masaka.

**njeena** pro. me too, me as well (first person singular focused pronoun) **njeju** [see also *nzogi*]*(o)njeju* n.1a/10 elephant

**njiri** *(e)njiri* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> gospel • *OMusisi mukobi wa njiri.* Musisi is a gospel preacher.

**njogole** *(o)njogole* n.1a/2 handsome person, good-looking person • *Oibawaamwei musaiza njogole.* Her husband is a handsome man.

**njogoli** [see *nzogoli*] <Lunyala>

**njoka** *(o)njoka* n.1a (or 9)/10 snake • *Onjoka apulinkire okuzwa omu ka-*

*nyumba.* The snake has escaped from the house.

**njola** *(e)njola* n.9/10 groove • *Emeza eni eta n'enjola ezisai.* This table has very nice grooves.

**njuba** *(e)njuba* n.9 cooked blood • *Eizo twaliire njuba.* Yesterday we ate cooked blood.

**njuguja** *(o)njuguja* n.1a/2 youthful person, young person • *Asweire omukali onjuguja.* He has married a

young woman.

**njunzai** *(e)njunzai* n.9/10 jigger (*Tunga penetrans*) • *Enjunzai zinena barofu.* Jiggers infect dirty people.

**njura** *(o)njura* n.1a (or 9)/10 rain • *Onjura yatoonyere fukufuku.* It rained heavily. (lit. The rain fell heavily.)

**njwanjwa** *(e)njwanjwa* n.9/10 unfounded assertion, rumour • *Ebyo bya kusimoola bya njwanjwa.* What he is saying is unfounded.

**nka** prep. like, as • *Obaza nk'omaawo.* You speak like your mother.

**nkaaga** [see also *mukaaga*] num. sixty • *Omulwaire wa kasubba bamusaliire empiso nkaaga.* A tuberculosis patient was prescribed sixty injections.

**nkaatu** *(e)nkaatu* n.9 sour beer (due to overfermentation) • *Abainazi nibo banywa enkaatu.* The poor drink sour beer.

**nkago** *(o)nkago* n.1a variety of cooking banana

**nkai** (e.g. *yenkai, bonkai*) agreeing adv. (a) alone, by oneself • *Omukama wa Bunyoro aizire yenkai oku maikalisya.* The king of Bunyoro has come alone to his coronation. (b) only, solely • *Onkaiba ayatira abaana babiri bonkai.* A dove hatches only two chicks.

**nkaiba** *(o)nkaiba* n.1a/10 dove, pigeon • *Onkaiba ayatira abaana babiri bonkai.* A dove hatches only two chicks.

**nkaina** *(o)nkaina* n.1a/10 camel •

*Onkaina anywa amaizi gaingi.* A camel drinks a lot of water.

**nkaito** *(e)nkaito* n.9/10 shoe • *Ka nzwale enkaito nyabe.* Let me put on my shoes and leave.

**nkaka** *(e)nkaka* n.9 yellow fever • *Omwana waamu mulwaire wa nkaka.* Your child is suffering from yellow fever.

**nkakadi** *(e)nkakadi* n.10 controversy, dispute • *Enkakadi ziirya emabega enkulakulaana ya kyalo.* Disputes affect the village's development.

**nkakala** *(o)nkakala* n.1a/10 marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus) • *Onkakala alya enkoko.* A marsh mongoose eats chickens.

**nkalabanda** *(e)nkalabanda* n.9/10 wooden sandal • *Mmaite okutambulisya enkalabanda.* I know how to walk in wooden sandals.

**nkali** *(e)nkali* n.9 urine • *Bamusabire akebere enkali okukakasa oba ali nda.* She was asked to get her urine tested for pregnancy.

**nkaliira** *(o)nkaliira* n.1a/2 <from taboo> man with delayed ejaculation • *Oibawaamwei ata nkaliira.* Her husband suffers from delayed ejaculation.

**nkambi** *(e)nkambi* n.9/10 (a) camp, campground • *Enkambi ya Kicwabujingo erimu ababundabunda baingi.* The camp at Kicwabujingo is full of refugees. (b) military barrack • *Enkambi ya maye egikulu eta Bombo.* The main military barracks is at Bombo.

(c) town, city • *Ntaka muno okubba omu nkambi.* I like staying in town very much.

**nkampa** *(e)nkampa* n.9/10 (a) glove • *Omusawu azwala enkampa oku mikono nga akujanjaba abalwaire.* The doctor wears gloves while attending to patients. (b) **nkampa za magulu** sock • *Kisai okuzwala enkampa z'amagulu ale n'ozwala enkaito.* It is good to wear socks whenever you wear shoes.

**nkanafu** *(e)nkanafu* n.9/10 safari ant (genus *Dorylus*, a reddish-brown army ant which stings) • *Enkanafu zigoba ebiyenje.* Safari ants chase away cockroaches.

**nkanga** *(o)nkanga* n.1a/10 guinea fowl • *Enkanga zirya obwita.* Guinea fowls eat millet.

**nkangabalwaire** *(e)nkangabalwaire* n.9 tea without sugar and milk • *Nkangabalwaire tabbaamu kiriisa.* Tea without milk and sugar is not nutritious.

**nkango** *(e)nkango* n.9/10 (a) edge, end, corner • *Yeegalanzwire naika oku nkango ya kitabu.* He rolled and reached the edge of the bed. (b) conclusion, end, summary • *Ika mangu oku nkango.* Hurry up and get to the conclusion. (c) full stop, dot • *Ta enkango oku buli sentensi.* Put a full stop in each sentence.

**nkangu** *(o)nkangu* n.1a/10 stink ant (*Tapinoma sessile*), odorous house ant • *Enkangu zitambuura mu nnyiriri.* Stink ants walk in line.

**nkanja** *(e)nkanja* n.10 (a) brewing dregs, strains, dregs, residuum (e.g. of beer, tea, coffee or anything squeezed or strained) • *Sukayo enkanja ezo.* Pour away the brewing dregs. (b) substrate cakes • *Obutiko we bumeere wabbaawo enkanja.* There should be substrate cakes where mushrooms grow.

**nkaraituma** *(e)nkaraituma* n.9/10 palpitation, heartbeat • *Enkaraituma za mulwaire zikukubba muno.* The patient's heartbeat is abnormal.

**nkasukamaraka** *(e)nkasukamaraka* n.9/10 radio • *Amakuru ago ngawuliire ku nkasukamaraka.* I heard that news on the radio.

**nkata** *(e)nkata* n.9/10 pad (on a head for carrying loads) • *Kolesya enkata weetiike ensuwa ya maizi ku mutwe.* Use a pad to carry the pot on your head.

**nkayu** *(o)nkayu* n.1a/2 easily irritable person • *Onkayu tateesa kusai.* An irritable person does not debate well.

**nkazalugya** *(o)nkazalugya* n.1a/10 sparrow • *Onkazalugya aliira ampi n'olubuga.* The sparrow always eats around the courtyard.

**nkeera** adv. next day, tomorrow, following day, the day after • *Njete ndiiza nkeera.* Then I will come tomorrow.

**nkeeto** *(e)nkeeto* n.9/10 seat, chair, stool • *Omugeni mumuleetere enkeeto.* Bring a chair for the visitor.

**nkejje** *(o)nkejje* n.1a/10 <from Lug.>

sprat • *Enkejje zirowoozebwa okutamba omwetiiko.* Sprats are believed to cure measles.

**nkembo** *(o)nkembo* n.1a/10 monkey • *Enkembo zirya emere ya bantu.* Monkeys eat people's crops.

**nkende**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nkende* n.1a/10 monkey • *Onkende aisana abantu.* A monkey resembles human beings.

**nkende**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nkende* n.9/10 dance • *Enkende ya Banyala eisana ne y'aBanyoro.* The Banyala dance resembles that of the Banyoro.

**nkende**<sup>3</sup> *(e)nkende* n.9/10 waist • *Enkende yaamwe eisana ya kirumba.* She has a waist like that of a wasp.

**nkengi** *(o)nkengi* n.1a/2 (a) cautious person • *Onkengi tamala galya buli wantu.* A cautious person does not eat everywhere. (b) informer, spy, agent • *Omwojo oyo nkengi wa kitongole kya poliisi.* That boy is an informer for the police force.

**nkerebwe** *(o)nkerebwe* n.1a/10 squirrel • *Enkerebwe zisula ku misaale.* Tree squirrels sleep in the trees.

**nkeremba** *(o)nkeremba* n.1a/2 newborn baby • *Yaba osirikye onkeremba akukunga.* Go and help the newborn baby to stop crying.

**nkerewu** *(o)nkerewu* n.1a/10 tree squirrel • *Onkerewu atumaliire amaido.* The squirrel has eaten all our groundnuts.

**nkero** *(e)nkero* n.9/10 pipe (attached to the bellows) • *Nkutaka kugula enkero ya muweesi.* I would like to buy a bellows pipe.

**nkese** *(o)nkese* n.1a/10 small water duck, goose • *Enkese zibba ampi n'amaizi.* Small water ducks are always near the water.

**nkesya** [see *nkese*]

**nkidi** *(o)nkidi* n.1a northern wind (which predicts cold weather) • *Onkidi alanga ebiseera bya mulombe.* The northern wind predicts cold weather.

**nkinga** *(e)nkinga* n.9/10 (a) shield, armour, protection • *Omulwani omutuufu alwana n'enkinga okwekinga edi busuume.* A good fighter uses his shield to protect himself from injury. (b) forehead with a W shape • *Okanca yamuwaire ekyenyi kya nkiga.* God created him with a W-shaped forehead.

**nkingo** *(e)nkingo* n.9/10 (a) lock, bolt, bar • *Olwige lwe bawangiremu ndooku nkingo.* The door which was fixed has no bolt. (b) crown won by traditional priests • *Okibandwa azwaire enkingo oku mutwe.* The traditional priest is wearing a crown.

**nkinzo** *(e)nkinzo* n.9/10 needle • *Engoye tuzibaziira na nkinzo.* We mend clothes using a needle.

**nkirakira** *(e)nkirakira* n.9/10 coccyx, tail bone • *Onte abba n'enkirakira enkooto.* A cow has a big coccyx.

**nkizi** *(e)nkizi* n.9/10 spinal cord, backbone, spine • *Ayendekere enkizi nagwire oku kabenje ka motoka.* He broke his spinal cord in a motor accident.

**nkobe** *(o)nkobe* n.1a/10 baboon •

*Onkobe aisana abantu.* A baboon resembles a human being.

**nkobera** *(e)nkobera* n.9 foetal cannibalism (obsessive compulsive disorder among mothers of new born babies) • *Obulwaire bwa nkobera bukwata bakali banakazaire.* A compulsive disorder leading to foetal cannibalism is a medical condition found in mothers who have just delivered.

**nkobogo** *(e)nkobogo* n.9/10 knockknees, genu valgum • *Omuntu wa nkobogo tasobola kwiruka kusai.* A person with knock-knees cannot run properly.

**nkodoore** *(o)nkodoore* n.1a/10 mourning dove (*Zenaida macroura*) • *Abaana bataka okuyiiga enkodoore.* Children love hunting mourning doves.

**nkofiira** *(e)nkofiira* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> hat • *Abawagiri ba NRM bazwala enkofiira za kyenju.* NRM supporters wear yellow hats.

**nkoiro** *(e)nkoiro* n.9/10 small fish used as bait for the Nile perch

**nkoko** *(o)nkoko* n.1a/2 (a) chicken • *Onkoko kinyonyi ekiwooma.* Chicken is a delicious bird. (b) **nkoko wa kikowu** black and white spotted hen, Plymouth rock chicken • *Naguure onkoko wa kikowu.* I bought a black and white spotted chicken. (c) **nkoko wa lubereberye** 3 a.m. • *Nazindukire mu nkoko wa luberyeberye.* I woke up at around 3 a.m.

**nkokoto** *(e)nkokoto* n.9/10 concrete

(mixture of sand, cement and gravel) • *Maare okusuka enkokoto omu nyumba yange.* I have already put concrete in my house.

**nkola** *(e)nkola* n.9/10 method, way of doing, action • *Nfunireyo enkola egiyaaka eya kubumba.* I discovered a new method of moulding.

**nkoligo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nkoligo* n.9/10 yoke • *Onte wange mubbwereku enkoligo.* I put a yoke on my cow.

**nkoligo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nkoligo* n.9/10 shackle, manacle, fetter, leg iron • *Abairu baababbwangaku enkoligo nga bakyali kubatwala Amerika.* Slaves were tied with shackles before being taken to America.

**nkolokolo** *(e)nkolokolo* n.9/10 banana stump • *Enkolokolo zijumusa eitakali.* Banana stumps fertilise soil.

**nkolooto** [see also *nkangu*] <Lunyala> *(o)nkolooto* n.1a/10 stink ant (*Tapinoma sessile*), odorous house ant • *Onkolooto n'omukonaku awumya.* The stink ant stinks when you strike it.

**nkoma**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nkoma* n.9 procedure, process • *Enkoma ya mulundi guni ebbairemu okwibbira.* The election procedure was flawed this time.

**nkoma**<sup>2</sup> <Buyende> *(o)nkoma* n.1a/2 last-born • *Omwana wange onkoma akwiza nkumbonaku.* My last-born is coming to visit me.

**nkomamawanga** *(e)nkomamawanga* n.9/10 pomegranate • *Enkomamawanga ziwooma muno.* Pomegranates are delicious.

**nkome** *(o)nkome* n.1a/10 type of cow with curved horns • *Enkome zikuboneka kusai.* Cows with curved horns look nice.

**nkomerero** *(e)nkomerero* n.9/10 end of the world, doom, rapture • *Enkomerero ya nsi eri ampi okwika.* The end of the world is approaching.

**nkomo** *(e)nkomo* n.10 (a) knockknees, genu valgum • *Enkomo zitambulisya kubbi abantu.* Knockknees make it uncomfortable for a person to walk. (b) handcuffs • *Omwibbi yasandabwire enkomo omu magezi.* The thief was taken to prison.

**nkompolo** *(e)nkompolo* n.9/10 tree hollow, tree hole • *Ebinyonyi ebimwe biraara omu nkompolo.* Some birds sleep in tree hollows.

**nkomyo** *(e)nkomyo* n.9/10 prison, jail, lockup • *Omwibbi bamutwaire omu nkomyo.* The thief has been taken to prison.

**nkona** *(e)nkona* n.9/10 direction, side • *Nkuvuga nkwira mu nkona ya bugwaisana.* I am driving in a westerly direction.

**nkondo** *(e)nkondo* n.9/10 pole • *Enyumba agyombokeserye enkondo ezigumu.* He built the house with strong poles.

**nkonge** *(e)nkonge* n.9/10 concentrated brew • *Mpeerya enkonge ya malwa.* Give me concentrated finger millet beer.

**nkoni** *(e)nkoni* n.9/10 stick of a herdsman, rod • *Omuliisya omusai* *atambula n'enkoni.* A good herdsman walks with a rod.

**nkonkonamuti** *(o)nkonkonamuti* n.1a/10 woodpecker • *Enkonkonamuti kinyonyi kisai.* The woodpecker is a nice-looking bird.

**nkonwa** *(o)nkonwa* n.1a/2 (a) obstinate person, stubborn person, disobedient person • *Omwana onkonwa tawuura bakaire baamwe.* An obstinate child does not take advice from his parents. (b) quiet person, reserved person (idiomatically used) • *Ozeiza wange yaali nkonwa ya musaiza.* My grandfather was a quiet man.

**nkonya** *(e)nkonya* n.9/10 (a) papyrus root • *Okwakyanda ente zirya enkonya.* Cows eat papyrus roots during the dry season. (b) soggy spot in a swamp • *Ente ezikaire ziremera omu nkonya.* Old cows get stuck in soggy spots in the swamps.

**nkoodo** *(e)nkoodo* n.9/10 tick • *Enkoodo zinena ente.* Ticks suck cows' blood.

**nkoole** *(o)nkoole* n.1a/10 cow pea • *Enkoole bubba buyimba budooli.* Cow peas are a type of small beans.

**nkooli** *(e)nkooli* n.9/10 back of the head • *Omwana wange ata n'enkooli egisongoli.* My child has an elongated back of the head.

**Nkore** *(a)Nkore* n.1a (or 9)/10 Ankore (a region of Uganda) • *Abanyokore bazwa Nkore.* The Banyankore come from Nkore.

**nkorogo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nkorogo* n.1a (or 9)/10 (a) quail • *Onkorogo abiika amawuli agalimu ekiriisa.* The quail lays nutritious eggs. (b) crested francolin (*Ortygornis sephaena*) • *Enkorogo zibba n'obutorogondo obwa kitaka.* The crested francolin has spotted brown feathers.

**nkorokoto** <Ruruuli> *(o)nkorokoto* n.1a/10 Eastern plantain-eater (*Crinifer zonurus*) • *Onkorokoto akokooma muno.* The plantain-eater cries a lot.

**nkosi** *(e)nkosi* n.9/10 fibre • *Omuyembe gubbaamu enkosi.* There are fibres in a mango.

**nkota** *(e)nkota* n.9/10 bunch of bananas • *Olwaleero nirwo lwonkai lwe nguure enkota itaanu eza matooke.* It is only today that I have bought five bunches of bananas.

**nkotama**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nkotama* n.1a cow with reclining horns

**nkotama**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nkotama* n.9/10 red sorghum used for brew • *Omuwemba gwa nkotama gubba n'empeke zikooto.* Red sorghum has long grains.

**nkowu** *(o)nkowu* n.1a/10 guinea fowl • *Enkowu abba n'obutorogondo obweru n'obwiragazu.* Guinea fowls have white and black spotted feathers.

**nkozu** *(e)nkozu* n.9/10 (a) scar, mark • *Ekyoya ekikooto kikola enkozu egikooto nga kiwonere.* A big wound forms a big scar after healing. (b) **nkozu ya kwezi** lunar mare (dark, basaltic plains on Earth's Moon), lunar crater • *Nkubona enkozu ya kwe-*

624

*zi oku iguru.* I can see a crater on the moon.

**nkuba** [see *nkubba*]

**nkubabe** <Lunyala> *(o)nkubabe* n.1a/10 soldier ant • *Enkubabe zikoora onyina kiswa.* Soldier ants work for the queen ant.

**nkubba** *(o)nkubba* n.1a lightning • *Onkubba yakubbire ente za munywani wange.* Lightning struck my friend's cow.

**nkubbo** *(e)nkubbo* n.9/10 fisherman's mallet (a tool used by a fisherman to kill big fish like the Nile perch, mud fish, etc.) • *Abategi ba ncwi babba n'enkubbo.* Fishermen always have fisherman's mallets.

**nkubebe** [see *nkubabe*] <Ruruuli>

**nkudu** *(o)nkudu* n.1a/10 tortoise • *Onkudu atambula mpola ate awangaala emyaka egisoba omu kikumi.* A tortoise is a slow animal and can live about a hundred years.

**nkufiira** [see *nkofiira*]

**nkufu** *(e)nkufu* n.9/10 swelling (mostly on the head), tumour, lump, bump • *Gonze nga alina enkufu musaiza musai.* He is a handsome man although he has a swelling.

**nkujumba** *(o)nkujumba* n.1a/10 guinea fowl

**nkuku** <Lunyala> *(e)nkuku* n.9/10 heap, pile, bundle • *Bandeeteire enkuku ya ngoye nzoze.* They brought me a heap of clothes to wash.

**nkukuni** *(e)nkukuni* n.9/10 flea • *Omu nyumba yaamwe mulimu enkukuni zingi lwa cuucu.* There are a lot

of fleas in his house due to the dust. **nkukutu** *(e)nkukutu* n.9 secret manner, disguised manner • *Ebintu byamwe abikoora mu nkukutu okwewala aba myoyo egibbi.* He does things secretly to avoid bad-hearted people.

**nkukuuru** [see also *mukukuuru*] *(e)nkukuuru* n.9/10 candelabra tree (*Euphorbia candelabrum*) • *Amasanda ga nkukuuru gooca olususu.* Candelabra tree sap burns the skin.

**nkula** *(e)nkula* n.9 (a) growth, development • *Enkula ya mwana oni ti gisai.* This child's development is not good. (b) stature • *Enkula ya pyoko teisana ya mbiri.* The stature of a rhino is different from that of a hippo. (c) breeding ground for fish • *Ti kisai kutaataaganya nkula.* It is not good to disturb the breeding ground for fish.

**nkulaakulana** *(e)nkulaakulana* n.9/10 development, improvement, progress, growth • *Omu kikweca kyaiswe mulimu enkulaakulana zingi.* There are many developments going on in our area.

**nkulo**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nkulo* n.1a/10 tadpole • *Enkulo zingi omu iruba.* There are many tadpoles in the well.

**nkulo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nkulo* n.9/10 meat scratched off the skin • *Okateica alya nkulo.* A poor man eats meat scratched off the skin.

**nkuluyamusaale** *(e)nkuluyamusaale* n.9/10 type of herb that cures stomach ulcer

**nkuluze** *(e)nkuluze* n.9/10 (a) trea-

sury • *Omu nkuluze ya Buruuli ndoomu mpiiya.* There is no money in the Buruuli kingdom's treasury. (b) dictionary • *Enkuluze ya Ruruuli-Lunyala ekyali kutongozebwa.* The Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary is not yet launched.

**nkumi** [see also *lukumi*] *(e)nkumi* num. (a) thousands (b) **(e)nkumi ibiri** two thousand • *Gwali mwaka gwa nkumi ibiri n'eibiri.* It was the year 2002. (c) **(e)nkumi isatu** three thousand (d) **(e)nkumi inai** four thousand (e) **(e)nkumi itaanu** five thousand

**nkunamyo** *(e)nkunamyo* n.9/10 mini-skirt • *Abaala ba biro bini bataka muno okuzwala enkunamyo.* Girls these days love wearing mini-skirts. **nkunduura** *(o)nkunduura* n.1a/2 blind person • *Onkunduura abba n'amaiso baitu nga tigabona.* A blind person has eyes, but he cannot see.

**nkungulu** *(e)nkungulu* n.9/10 swampy area covered with low and raised ground • *Tukwakala mu nkungulu.* We are passing through a swampy area with low and raised ground.

**nkunguru** *(o)nkunguru* n.1a/10 animal without horns, e.g. cow, goat, sheep, poled animal • *Onte onkunguru abba musai muno.* A hornless cow looks beautiful.

**nkunku** *(o)nkunku* n.1a/10 animal without horns, e.g. cow, goat, sheep, poled animal

**nkunyai** *(o)nkunyai* n.1a/10 breeding place for catfish • *Emale zite-* *ra okwaba omu nkunyai okwatira.* Catfish usually go to their breeding place to lay eggs.

**nkuru** *(e)nkuru* n.9 touchiness, oversensitivity • *Omusaiza omukaire oni wa nkuru mwegendereze.* This old man is touchy, be very careful with him.

**nkurucuucu** *(o)nkurucuucu* n.1a/10 small fatty fish

**nkurukizi** <Lunyala> *(o)nkulukizi* n.1a/10 type of parasitic plant • *Enkurukizi zitwitiire emisaale.* Nkurukizi plants have destroyed our trees.

**nkurukuzi** [see *ngurukira*] <Ruruuli>

**nkusu** *(o)nkusu* n.1a/10 parrot • *Onkusu ata nyonyi mugezi muno, agegenya abantu.* A parrot is an intelligent bird, it imitates people.

**nkutu** *(e)nkutu* n.9/10 loin cloth • *Enkutu abakaire nibo basinga okuzizwala.* Loincloths are mostly worn by elderly people.

**nkuuka** *(e)nkuuka* n.9/10 big celebration, massive gathering of people, great event • *Enkuuka ekutandika mambya.* The celebration starts tomorrow.

**nkuuku** <Ruruuli> *(e)ntuuku* n.9/10 heap, pile, bundle • *Bandeeteire enkuuku ya ngoye nzoze.* They brought me a heap of clothes to wash.

**nkuuryo** *(e)nkuuryo* n.10 dirt (stuck to one's legs after digging) • *Abakali abagabula abaibaabwe ekyamisana nga tibanaabire nkuuryo ba-*

*gongerya.* Wives who serve their husbands lunch with dirt from digging stuck to their legs are annoying. quarrelsome person • *Omusaiza omukaire oni wa nkuuryo nkwewuunya engeri gy'osobola okwikala naye.* This old man is so quarrelsome, I wonder how you manage to stay with him.

**nkuusi** *(e)nkuusi* n.9/10 (a) dirt, mud, soil • *Ti kisai kukoora mirumu mu kyombeko kiizwire nkuusi.* It is not healthy to work in a building with a lot of dirt. (b) soil smeared onto a bereaved as a sign of mourning • *Omufeerwa asiigiibwe enkuusi.* The bereaved person has been smeared with soil.

**nkuwa** *(e)nkuwa* n.9/10 armpit • *Omu nkuwa yange eya gumoso mulimu ekizimba.* I have a boil in my left armpit.

**nkwakwa** *(e)nkwakwa* n.9/10 foreleg, front limb of an animal • *Enyama ya nkwakwa enola.* Meat from a foreleg is delicious.

**nkwanzi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nkwanzi* n.9/10 <from Sw.> African fish eagle (*Haliaeetus vocifer*) • *Enkwanzi zibba ampi na maizi.* African fish eagles stay near water.

**nkwanzi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nkwanzi* n.9/10 decorative beads, necklace, waist bead worn by women • *Abakali berigisa enkwanzi omu nkende.* Women wear waist beads.

**nkwaso** *(e)nkwaso* n.9 sperm • *Enkwaso ewakisya ente.* Sperm inseminates cows.

**nkwata** *(e)nkwata* n.9 way of handling, handling style • *Enkwata yaamwe eya bintu tiyaali gisai.* His way of handling things was not good.

**nkwekwe** *(o)nkwekwe* n.1a/10 shortlegged hen • *Enkwekwe zibiika amawuli gaingi.* Short-legged hens lay many eggs.

**nkyukakyuka** *(e)nkyukakyuka* n.9/10 change, adjustment, transformation • *Enkyukakyuka ya bwire eremeserye abalumi.* The change of weather has affected the farmers.

**no** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**noba** *(oku)noba* v.intr./tr. *nobere* (a) to abandon, to leave behind, to forget, to dump, to neglect • *Omusaiza yanobere abaana baamwe.* The man abandoned his children. (b) to leave (one's husband), to run away from (husband one's temporarily or permanently), to separate, to divorce • *Omukali anobere oku ibawamwe.* The woman separated from her husband. (c) to hate, to turn against, to dislike • *Abantu ba waanywe nabanobere.* I hated people from your area. **nobi** (e.g. *munobi, banobi*) adj. (of a woman) not staying long in marriage, moving from one marriage to another • *Omukali omunobi tayomboka bufumbo.* A woman who does not stay long in marriage is a burden to the family.

**noga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)noga* v.intr. *nogere* to be properly seasoned, to be properly flavoured, (of spices or salt) to be of the right measure, to be sufficient • *Omuunyu gunogere omu mukubi.* The sauce is sufficiently salted.

**noga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)noga* n.9 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS, a dermatological condition characterised by a skin rash common among newborns) • *Onkeremba wange akwatiibwe enoga.* My baby is suffering from SSSS.

**noga**<sup>3</sup> *(e)noga (see also okubba (e)noga)* n.9/10 small ball of mashed plantain or cooked millet which is dipped in relish before eating

**nokoka** *(oku)nokoka* v.intr. *nokokere* to fall down from a tree • *Omuyembe gunokokere ni gugwa ansi.* A mango fell from the mango tree.

**nokola** *(oku)nokola* v.tr. *nokoire* to pick, to harvest, to gather • *Iza tunokole omwani.* Come and let's pick coffee.

**nola** *(oku)nola* v.intr. *noore* to be fatty • *Enyama eni nka enoore bundi!* This meat is very fatty.

**noli** [see *nola*] (e.g. *munoli, kinoli, ginoli*) adj. fatty, fat, greasy, oily • *Omberege abba munoli okusinga ombuli.* The pig is fatter than the goat.

**nolwekyo** conj. therefore, and so, thus, because of that • *Yayabire mangu nolwekyo teyariire mere.* He left quickly, therefore he did not eat.

**nombe** *(e)nombe* n.9/10 clay soil • *Enombe tiribba lisai kulumiraku.* Clay soil is not good for agriculture. **none** *(e)none* n.9/10 fingernail, nail

• *Omukali azisiigire ocutekisi oku none zaamwe.* The woman applied nail polish on her nails.

**noni** *(e)noni* n.9/10 chalk • *Aizire n'enoni zingi ezikumala abeegesya.* He came with enough chalk for the teachers.

**nonkola** *(oku)nonkola* v.tr. *nonkoire* to crack one's knuckles • *Naani akunonkola ebinonko okuzwa obwa mambya?* Who has been cracking their knuckles since morning?

**nonobola** *(oku)nonobola* v.tr. *nonoboire* (a) to skin off, to peel, to remove (bark) • *Nonobola akasaale ako ekisusu.* Remove the bark from that tree. (b) to remove (fish) from the fishing net • *Abategi bakunonobola ncwi.* The fishermen are removing fish from the net.

**noona** *(e)noona* n.9/10 hatred, dislike, hate • *Enoona ya basaiza abo tewa.* Those men have endless hatred. **noonerya** *(oku)noonerya* v.tr. *nooneirye* to cook for a long time, to cook through • *Amatooke baganooneirye ni gagonda muno.* The matoke was cooked for a long time and it became very soft.

**noore** *(o)noore* n.1a/10 red-billed francolin (*Pternistis adspersus*) • *Onoore abba mu kisiko.* A red-billed francolin lives in the bush.

**nooti** *(e)nooti* n.9/10 <from En.> zero • *Omutwalo gubba n'enooti inai.* Ten thousand is written with four zeros.

**noso** *(e)noso* n.9/10 coin • *Enoso zi-*

*bba sente za byoma era ziwangala okusinga esente za mpapula.* Coins are made of metal and last longer than paper money.

**nosoka** *(oku)nosoka* v.intr. *nosokere* to become detached, to drop out, to get off • *Esimu yange yanosokere omu nsawu yange.* My phone fell from my bag.

**nosola** *(oku)nosola* v.tr. *nosoire* (a) to pluck off (e.g. feathers from a chicken) • *Nosolaku ebyoya ebyo oku nkoko.* Pluck off those feathers from the chicken. (b) to husk (groundnuts), to break open (pods) • *Ezra akunosola amaido.* Ezra is breaking open the groundnut pods.

**nsaale** *(e)nsaale* n.9/10 (a) colostrum • *Ensaale gabba matai ageekeera ng'onte yakabyala.* The colostrum is the first milk that comes from a cow that has calved. (b) young female bushbuck • *Abayiigi baitire onsaale.* The hunters killed a young female bushbuck. (c) whitehead (e.g. on the nose) • *Ensaale za ku nyindo zisananisya kubbi omuntu.* Whiteheads on the nose make someone look ugly. (d) **nsaale za isana** sunray, ray of sunlight • *Ensaale za isana ziboneka ng'eisana likuwuluka.* Rays of sunlight are seen when the sun is rising. **nsaamo** *(e)nsaamo* n.9/10 (a) mallet • *Olubugo tulusaamisya nsaamo.* We use a mallet to make bark cloth. (b) small poisonous caterpillar with spikes

**nsaamu** [see *nsaamo*]

**nsaasi** *(e)nsaasi* n.9/10 pity, mercy, clemency • *Mwirawange, nkwatirwa ensaasi.* My dear, have pity on me.

**nsaasira** *(e)nsaasira* n.9/10 piece of bark tree used as a catalyst in brewing

**nsaba** *(e)nsaba* n.9/10 style of worship • *Ensaba yaabwe ya njawulo oku kanisa ezindi.* Their style of worship is different from other churches.

**nsabiko** <Lunyala> *(e)nsabiko* n.9/10 traditional bath therapy to clean a new-born

**nsabuko** [see *nsabiko*] <Ruruuli>

**nsagala** [see *nsagara*] <Lunyala> *(o)nsagala* n.

**nsagara** <Ruruuli> *(o)nsagara* n.1a (or 9)/10 cow with wide long horns • *Ente ensagara zizwa Nkore.* Cows with wide long horns come from Nkore.

**nsaka** *(e)nsaka* n.9/10 traditional clay cooking pot • *Enyama bagisumbira omu nsaka.* They cook meat in a clay pot.

**nsakwa** *(e)nsakwa* n.9 yam-like plant that grows in water

**nsala**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nsala* n.9/10 judgement, ruling, decision, sentence • *Ensala ya musango tiyabbaire gisai.* The decision in the case was not fair.

**nsala**<sup>2</sup> [see *nsara*] <Lunyala>

**nsalama** *(o)nsalama* n.1a/10 lean fish • *Abasawu bawa amagezi abantu okulya enyama ensalama.* Doctors recommend eating lean fish.

**nsalika** *(e)nsalika* n.9/10 painful tear of the skin, especially between fingers or toes • *Ensalika enkwaite omu akati wa byala.* I have a painful wound between my fingers.

**nsalo** [see *nsaro*] <Lunyala>

**nsalosalo** [see *nsarosaro*] <Lunyala> **nsalya** *(o)nsalya* n.1a/10 mid-sized black fish found in Lake Kyoga • *Ensalya ncwi zinansi omu nyanja Kyoga.* The mid-sized black fish are an indigenous variety in Lake Kyoga. **nsama** *(o)nsama* n.1a/10 waterbuck • *Onsama airuka muno.* The waterbuck runs quite fast.

**nsambanyiige** *(o)nsambanyiige* n.1a/10 desert grasshopper (*Schistocerca gregaria*)

**nsambo** *(e)nsambo* n.9/10 slogan, motto • *Buli isomero libba n'ensambo yaalyo.* Every school has a slogan.

**nsandaigo** *(e)nsandaigo* n.9/10 rug border, mat border, hem of a mat • *Fuba okubona nga okuta ensandaigo ku mukeeka ogwo ni wabba okwendya guwangaale.* Please make sure you put a border on that mat if you want to have it last longer.

**nsande** *(e)nsande* n.9 fresh banana juice • *Tukwaba kunyuuka nsande ya mukolo.* We are going to prepare fresh banana juice for the party.

**nsanju** (a) num. seventy (b) *(e)nsanju* n.9/10 the moment in the omweso game when one player picks 70 beads • *Amukubbire ensanju n'amusinga.* He has picked 70 beads and won the game.

**nsansa** *(e)nsansa* n.9/10 (a) palm leaf • *Ensansa nzirukisya emikeeka.* I weave mats from palm leaves. (b) rear of a boat, stern • *Omucoobi aikala ku nsansa.* The helmsman sits at the rear of a boat.

**nsansi** *(e)nsansi* n.9 rattle or shaker filled with stones or seeds used as a musical instrument • *Ensansi ezikolebwa omu mole zingi omu Uganda.* Shakers made from reeds are common in Uganda.

**nsanyanyi** *(e)nsanyanyi* n.9/10 diastema (space or gap between two teeth) • *ORuth ata n'ensanyanyi.* Ruth has a diastema.

**nsanyuse** *(o)nsanyuse* n.1a groundnut sauce • *Abageni mbasumbiire nsanyuse.* I prepared groundnut sauce for the visitors.

**nsara** *(o)nsara* n.1a/10 cow with saggy horns pointing downwards **nsaro** <Ruruuli> *(e)nsaro* n.9/10 boundary, demarcation, border • *Ensaro akati wa kibanja kya oDamali n'oSaudah eyawulibwa bubbaale.* The boundary between Damalie's land and that of Saudah is marked with milestones.

**nsarosaro** <Ruruuli> *(e)nsalosalo* n.9/10 boundary, demarcation, border • *Ta ensarosaro akati wa itakali lyamu n'omuliraano waamu okwewala enkayana omu maiso.* Put a boundary between your land and that of your neighbour to avoid misunderstandings in the future.

**nsasula** *(e)nsasula* n.9 method of payment, way of payment, plan of payment • *Ensasula ki gy'okukole-* *sya okusasula eibanza lyamu?* What payment method are you using for your loan settlement?

**nsawo** [see *nsawu*]

**nsawu** *(e)nsawu* n.9/10 (a) bag • *Yatwaire ensawu yange n'atagiirya.* He took my bag and didn't return it. (b) sack • *Ensawu ya manda gy'aleetere giizuli.* The sack of charcoal he brought is full. (c) handbag, purse • *Omukama akwata ensawu ya mu ngalo eisana n'egoye z'azwala.* Mukama always carries a handbag which matches her dress.

**nseege** *(e)nseege* n.9/10 shaker made of tin sheets or small reeds • *Mmaite okuseega enseege.* I know how to play the shakers.

**nseeri** adv. far away, remotely, afar, a long way, (at) a great distance • *Oyo omupaati yazwire nseeri.* That foreigner is from far away.

**nseete** *(o)nseete* n.1a/10 worker termite • *Enseete zibba mu kiswa.* Worker termites live in a termite hill. **nsega** *(o)nsega* n.1a/10 vulture • *Yaboine ensega eigolo nga zikulya enyama ya mbwene.* He saw a vulture eating a dead dog.

**nseizere** *(e)nseizere* n.9/10 type of flying termites (also called white ants) which come out after midnight and fly in April and early May

**nseko** *(e)nseko* n.10 laughter, laughing • *Owuliire n'akubbutuka enseko?* Did you hear how she burst into laughter?

**nsenja** *(o)nsenja* n.1a/10 feather-

legged hen • *Abakangwa beizira nkoko nsenja.* The Abakangwa belong to the Feather-legged hen totem.

**nsenso** *(e)nsenso* n.9/10 filtrate, remains, residue (at the bottom of a local drinking straw)

**nsereka** *(e)nsereka* n.9 style of roofing, roofing method • *Ensereka ya nyumba eni mbaire tingibonangaku.* I have never seen this style of roofing a house.

**nsi** *(e)nsi* n.9/10 (a) earth, world, universe • *Obwekulungi bwa nsi bwajumbwirwe Galileo.* It was Galileo who discovered that the earth has a round form. (b) ground, land (c) country • *Uganda nsi gisai muno.* Uganda is a very nice country.

**nsibbo** [see *nsubbo*]

**nsibuko** *(e)nsibuko* n.9/10 (a) source, origin • *Ensibuko ya mwiga Kiira erai?* Where is the source of River Nile? (b) origin, ancestry • *Buli muntu abba n'ensibuko yaamwe.* Everyone has his ancestry.

**nsica** *(e)nsica* n.9/10 back part of the neck of an animal • *Omusumiti owa kabiri niye atwala ensica.* The hunter who is second to spear an animal takes the neck part.

**nsigaara** [see *nsigaarwa*]

**nsigaaro** *(e)nsigaaro* n.9 leftovers • *Biika ensigaaro ekwiza kuliibwa kyaigolo kubba ndoowo yasumba.* Keep the leftovers for supper, no one will cook today.

**nsigaarwa** *(e)nsigaara* n.9/10 (a) balance, remainder, change • *Nkwiza*

*okukuwa ensigaarwa wiiki ekwiza.* I will give you the balance next week. (b) crops that remain in a garden after harvesting

**nsigo** *(e)nsigo* n.9/10 (a) kidney • *Yaabire kumwindula nsigo.* She went for a kidney transplant. (b) seed • *Nguurayo ensawu ya nsigo ya maido eya kusimba esizoni eni.* Buy me a sack of groundnut seeds for this planting season.

**nsiima** *(e)nsiima* n.9 expression of appreciation • *Ensiima yaamwe ebbaire etyai?* How did he express his appreciation?

**nsiisira** *(e)nsiisira* n.9/10 temporary hut constructed during the celebration of the last funeral rites

**nsiiti** *(e)nsiiti* n.9/10 black and red seed from the rosary pea shrub (*Abrus precatorius*)

**nsika**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nsika* n.9/10 hoe • *Omwini gwa nsika yange gwendekere.* The handle of my hoe is broken.

**nsika**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nsika* n.9/10 bedroom towel used by women to clean their husbands after sex • *Abafumbo babba n'ensika yamu kitabo.* Married couples have towels to clean themselves after sex in their beds.

**nsikirano** *(e)nsikirano* n.9 inheritance, heritage • *Eitakali lya Buganda erimwe lya nsikirano.* Some of Buganda's land is hereditary.

**nsimbi** *(e)nsimbi* n.10 (a) money • *Abantu bakolesya nsimbi okwirukanya ebyabusuubuli.* People use money to make business transactions. (b) cowrie shell • *Abafumu balagulisya nsimbi.* The sorcerers foretell using cowrie shells. (c) **nsimbi (e)nsaiza** cowrie shell without a hole (d) **nsimbi (o)mukali** cowrie shell with a hole

**nsimbu** *(e)nsimbu* n.9 epilepsy • *Obulwaire bwa nsimbu busobolwa ng'okumira omubazi buli kaire.* Epilepsy can be managed by regularly taking the proper medication.

**nsindizi** *onsindizi* n.1a/10 owl • *Onsindizi n'akunga obwire abba akubika.* When an owl cries at night it is believed to be announcing death.

**nsingaanisyo** *(e)nsingaanisyo* n.9 competition, championship, game • *Ensingaanisyo eyo yabbairemu obugobya.* There was unfairness in that competition.

**nsingo** *(e)nsingo* n.9/10 neck

**nsingwa**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nsingwa* n.9/10 (b) security, insurance, guarantee • *N'obba n'ensingwa osobola okwewola empiiya omu bbanka.* You can get a loan from the bank if you have anything to serve as security. (c) exile • *OKyamadidi yairukire nsingwa olwakutiina okubbeebwa.* Kyamadidi went into exile for fear of being arrested.

**nsingwa**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nsingwa* n.9/10 war • *Ekabbuli za basiraamu abaafiire mu nsingwa nizo zini.* These are the graves of the Muslims who died during the war.

**nsinjo** *(e)nsinjo* n.9/10 wheel stopper (a log or stone used to stop a car from moving)

**nsiri** *(e)nsiri* n.9/10 mosquito • *Ensiri zirwaza ekibiribiri.* Mosquitoes cause malaria.

**nsirisindi** *(o)nsirisindi* n.1a/10 Mediterranean house gecko

**nsisi** *(e)nsisi* n.9 terror, dread, fear, shock, breakdown, prostration • *Yakwatiibwe ensisi ni yaboine omutumbi gwa maamwe.* She went into shock when she saw her mother's body.

**nsitoima** *(o)nsitoima* n.1a/10 small shrub with small whitish flowers traditionally used to cure wounds (*Hoslundia opposita*) • *Onsitoima atamba ebyoya. Hoslundia opposita* cures wounds.

**nsobba** [see also *sobba*] *(e)nsobba* n.9 slow motion • *Olutambi lute mu nsobba tulweteje kusai.* Put the film in slow motion so that we can see clearly.

**nsobbi** *(o)nsobbi* n.1a/2 expert sailor

• *Abansobbi baingi e Busungire.* There are many expert sailors in Busungire.

**nsobi** *(e)nsobi* n.9/10 mistake, fault • *Olwaleero okoore ensobi zingi.* Today you have made many mistakes.

**nsoboolo** [see *nsobooro*] <Lunyala> **nsoboora** *(e)nsoboora* n.9/10 agenda, plan, program • *Ensoboora ya lukiiko luni eri etyai?* What is the agenda for this meeting?

**nsobooro** <Ruruuli> *(e)nsobooro* n.9/10 (a) dictionary • *Ensobooro ya lulimi oRuruuli-Lunyala ekuwandiikibwa.* The Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary is being written. (b) **nsobooro ya mpandiika** orthography • *Tukoore ensobooro ya kuwandiika oRuruuli n'oLunyala.* We have developed an orthography for Ruruuli-Lunyala.

**nsogasoga** [see also *kisogasoga*] *(e)nsogasoga* n.9/10 castor oil plant (*Ricinus communis*), castor bean • *Ensogasoga zikolwamu obutto.* We make cooking oil from the castor oil plant.

**nsoke** *(o)nsoke* n.1a whirlwind • *Onsoke acambaitula muno amaizi.* A whirlwind makes the water very turbulent.

**nsokerwa** *(e)nsokerwa* n.9/10 <from archaic> single-shot gun, single bullet gun, single-shot • *Ensokerwa ebbaamu eisasi limwei.* A single-shot gun can only load one bullet at a time.

**nsoma**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nsoma* n.9/10 (a) education (b) performance (in studies), achievement, • *Kubba olukangaga nga lukulanga ensoma y'abaana.* Draw a table showing the performance of the students.

**nsombabyoma** *(o)nsombabyoma* n.1a/10 giant pouched rat (genus *Cricetomys*) • *Ensombabyoma etwaire omuyo gwange.* A giant pouched rat has taken my knife.

**nsonda** *(e)nsonda* n.9/10 corner • *Opamba mukumbaaniirye mu nsonda ya sitoowa.* I heaped the cotton in the corner of the store.

**nsondi** <Buyende> *(e)nsondi* n.9/10 eel-like catfish

**nsone** *(e)nsone* n.9/10 knife • *Nkusaba owagale ensone eyo.* I am asking you to sharpen that knife.

**nsonga** *(e)nsonga* n.9/10 (a) matter, topic • *Omwegi wange anyumungukiremu oku nsonga ezimwe ezikwaba omu maiso.* My student is now a bit enlightened about current issues. (b) reason, issue, argument, matter, topic • *Mpeerya ensonga isatu lwaki walemereirwe okwaba ku yunivasite e Makerere?* Give me three reasons why you failed to make it to the University of Makerere? (c) menstruation, monthly period, period, menses • *Omukali ali mu nsonga tayingira*

*mu nyumba ya mubumbi.* A woman who has her menstruation does not enter a potter's house.

**nsongola** [see *nsongora*] <Lunyala> **nsongora** <Ruruuli> *(o)nsongola* n.1a/10 young male bushbuck • *Wakairewo onsongora omukooto.* A big young bushbuck passed by.

**nsoni** *(e)nsoni* n.9/10 (a) nakedness, nudity • *Otatulanga nsoni zaamu.* Don't show us your nakedness. (b) shyness, introversion, timidity, shame • *Ensoni ti kimwei ku mbeera za musomesya.* Shyness is not a good quality in a teacher.

**nsonzi** [see *nsondi*]

**nsoro** *(e)nsoro* n.9/10 seed used for counting points while playing the board game omweso

**nsorosozi** *(o)nsorosozi* n.1a/10 small black stinging ant • *Onsorosozi amunenere.* He was stung by a small

black stinging ant.

**nsowola** *(o)nsowola* n.1a/10 animal that calves prematurely • *Ti kisai kuliisya mbuli nsowola.* It is not good to rear a goat that gives birth prematurely.

**nsubbo** *(e)nsubbo* n.9 adhesive powder (produced from grinding pieces of pottery and used as adhesive) • *Ensubbo bagikolesya mu kubumba.* The adhesive powder is used in pottery.

**nsude** *(o)nsude* n.1a/10 gorilla • *Onsude abba kisolo kikooto.* The gorilla is a big mammal.

**nsuku** *(o)nsuku* n.1a/10 African tigerfish (*Hydrocynus vittatus*) • *Onsuku akwatisiirya ompuuta oku irobo.* The tiger fish is used as a bait for the Nile perch.

**nsukusa** *(e)nsukusa* n.9/10 banana sucker • *Titulina nsukusa za kusimba ezikumala.* We do not have enough banana suckers to plant.

**nsulamiira** *(o)nsulamiira* n.1a/10 small edible flying ants• *Ensulamiira ziwooma muno.* Small edible white ants are very delicious.

**nsumba** *(e)nsumba* n.9/10 way of cooking, cooking method, cooking style • *Amatooke gata n'ensumba za njawulo omu Baganda.* Matoke is prepared in different ways among the Baganda.

**nsumbi**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nsumbi* n.9/10 pitcher, small water jar • *Ensumbi bagitaamu amaizi gakunywa.* Drinking water is kept in a small water jar.

**nsumbi**<sup>2</sup> [see also *nfumbi*] <Ruruuli> *(e)nsumbi* n.9/10 swollen lymph node • *Ensumbi ya kugulu okulyo ekunduma.* The lymph node of my right leg hurts.

**nsundo**<sup>1</sup> <Ruruuli> *(e)nsundo* n.9/10 (a) pimple, acne • *Oteekwa okubona omusawu akutambe ensondo ezo.* You need to see a doctor to have those pimples treated. (b) wart, genital wart • *Ensundo zireetebwa busiyaani.* Genital warts are sexually transmitted.

**nsungwe** <Ruruuli> *(e)nsungwe* n.9/10 foetal membranes, amniotic sac • *Omwana awuluka nga ensungwe eyonokere.* The child comes out after the amniotic sac has ruptured.

**nsungwesungwe** [see *nsungwesungwe*] <Lunyala>

**nsurugu** <Lunyala> *(e)nsurugu* n.9/10 unpeeled cooked banana • *Eizo twaliire ensurugu.* Yesterday we ate unpeeled cooked banana.

**nsuuluulu** *(e)nsuuluulu* n.9/10 pickaxe • *Ensuuluulu ekolesebwa okusaka ebiina okusinga omu kifo ekirimu amabbaale.* A pickaxe is used to dig holes, especially in rocky areas.

**nsuuzi** *(e)nsuuzi* n.9/10 orphan • *Omu Uganda mulimu ensuuzi zingi.* There are many orphans in Uganda. **nsuwa** *(e)nsuwa* n.9/10 ceramic pot • *Amaizi ga nsuwa gawooma.* Water kept in a ceramic pot tastes nice.

**nswa** *(e)nswa* n.9/10 flying termite • *Enswa kyakulya kya itunzi omu Uga-* *nda.* Flying termites are a delicacy in Uganda.

**nswagi** *(e)nswagi* n.9/10 sniffer dog, detecting dog • *Enswagi zikwekwire abaibbi.* The sniffer dogs found the thieves.

**nswaswa** *(e)nswaswa* n.9/10 monitor lizard (genus *Varanus*) • *Onswaswa asula mu biina.* The monitor lizard lives in ditches.

**nswera**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nswera* n.9/10 housefly, fly • *Enswera ziteera endwaire.* Houseflies transmit diseases.

**nswera**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nswera* n.9/10 way of marriage • *Neegomba enswera ya baziiza baiswe gye baswerangamu.* I admire the way our grandfathers used to marry.

**nswiga** *(e)nswiga* n.9/10 type of edible greens with bitter leaves (*Solanum nigrum* and other *Solanum* species) • *Enswiga zimera ampi n'ebibira. Solanum nigrum* grows near forests.

**nsya** *(o)nsya* n.1a/10 duiker • *Ntangaraine onsya omu kapundo.* I came across a duiker at the mineral lick.

**nsyenene** *(o)nsyenene* n.1a/10 grasshopper • *Ensyenene zingi e Masaka.* There are many grasshoppers in Masaka.

**nsyoro** *(e)nsyoro* n.9/10 pygostyle, chicken tail, Pope's nose, parson's nose • *Buli kinyonyi kibba n'ensyoro.* Every bird has a pygostyle.

**ntaakutaaku** *(o)ntaakutaaku* n.1a/10 longnose stonebasher (*Gnathonemus longibarbis*)• *Omutegi akwaite ontaa-* *kutaaku.* The fisherman has trapped a longnose stonebasher.

**ntaama** *(o)ntaama* n.1a/10 (a) sheep • *Ontaama kisolo kigondu.* The sheep is a calm animal. (b) mutton • *Eirai abakali aBaganda tibalyanga ntaama.* Long ago Baganda women used to not eat mutton.

**ntaara** *(o)ntaara* n.1a/10 cow with wide straight horns xylophone • *Tukwaba kukubba ntaara.* We are going to play xylophones.

**ntaaraaro** *(e)ntaaraaro* n.10 floods • *Entaaraaro mu Kampala ziitire abantu babiri.* The floods in Kampala killed two people.

**ntaaru**<sup>1</sup> *(o)ntaaru* n.1a disobedient person • *Omwana ontaaru tasobola kubba muwanguli omu bwomi.* A disobedient child cannot succeed in life. **ntaaru**<sup>2</sup> *(o)ntaaru* n.1a/10 small grey mushroom

**ntaaruki** *(o)ntaaruki* n.1a/2 rebellious, uncontrollable person • *Ontaaruki atemere omwana wange okugulu.* The rebellious person has cut my child's leg.

**ntaaye** *(o)ntaaye* n.1a/10 barn swallow (*Hirundo rustica*) • *Ontaaye akungire okuzwa emambya.* The swallow has been singing since morning. **ntaayi** [see *ntaaye*]

**ntabaganya** *(e)ntabaganya* n.9/10 mediation, arbitration, conciliation, reconciliation • *Entabaganya akati waabwe ezwiremu ebya mugaso.* The mediation between the two parties resulted in good things.

**ntabbu** *(e)ntabbu* n.9/10 place under a bed • *Omwana yeekwekere mu ntabbu.* The child hid under the bed.

**ntacoorwa** *(o)ntacoorwa* n.1a/2 obstinate person, insolent person • *Ontacoorwa tabba na magezi.* An obstinate person cannot be wise.

**ntai** interj. no, never, leave me a lone • *Ntai! Ebyo timbimaite.* No, I don't know that.

**ntairoki** *(o)ntairoki* n.1a/2 obstinate, stubborn person • *Oyo omwana yafookere ntairoki.* That child has become obstinate.

**ntakotako** *(e)ntakotako* n.10 wrinkled buttocks of an old person or of a person who lost a lot of weight

**ntalabuusi** *(e)ntalabuusi* n.9/10 cap worn by Moslems, kufi, taqiyah • *Omusiraamu omuto azwaire entalabuusi.* The young Moslem is wearing a cap.

**ntale** *(o)ntale* n.1a/10 (a) lion • *Tutiina muno ontale.* We are very afraid of a lion. (b) *Zanthoxylum chalybeum* (locally known as lion of the wildness)

**ntalumbwa** *(o)ntalumbwa* n.1a/10 (a) kind of large flying stinging ant • *Ontalambwa asiisa emwani.* The ntalumbwa pest spoils coffee beans. (b) fierce person

**ntamara** *(e)ntamara* n.9/10 unpeeled banana cooked with cow pea leaves

**ntamba** *(e)ntamba* n.9/10 treatment method, treatment, medical care • *Okusobola okwekomerya enta-* *mba gy'okwendya okufuna.* You can choose for yourself the treatment you wish to have.

**ntambira** *(e)ntambira* n.9/10 way of making an offering, method of making an offering • *Entambira ya mazaza eyawukana.* The way offerings are made in the sacred places differs. **ntambula** *(e)ntambula* n.9 means of transportation • *Tukwaba na ntambula ki?* Which means of transport are we going to use?

**ntambulantyo** *(o)ntambulantyo* n.1a/10 type of inedible mushroom **ntambuli** *(o)ntambuli* n.1a/2 wanderer, roamer, rover • *Ontambuli tabba musai.* A wanderer is not a good person.

**ntamu** *(o)ntamu* n.1a/10 kudu antelope (*Tragelaphus imberbis* or *Tragelaphus strepsiceros*) • *Ebisolo byebeeta entamu tebikyaboneka ebiro bini.* Kudu antelope are so rare these days. **ntanaki** *(e)ntanaki* n.9 vomit, vomitus, puke • *Toyema mu ntanaki.* Don't step in the vomit.

**ntanda** *(e)ntanda* n.9/10 food for journeys, travel snack, travel food • *Omutambuli mumubbwereewo entanda.* Pack some travel food for the traveller.

**ntandikwa** *(e)ntandikwa* n.9/10 (a) beginning, start • *Eni nijo ntandikwa ya lugendo olulai.* This is the beginning of a long journey. (b) start-up capital • *OKisamba yagabanga entandikwa.* Kisamba used to give out start-up capital.

**ntando** *(e)ntando* n.9 (a) side, edge (b) **(o)ku ntando** to the side, aside, next to • *Banza oire oku ntando.* First go to the side.

**ntangarana** *(e)ntangarana* n.9 meeting, encounter • *Entangarana yaabwe tiyabbaire gisai.* Their meeting was not good.

**ntangawuzi** *(e)ntangawuzi* n.9/10 ginger • *Entangawuzi ziwoomesya ocaayi.* Ginger spices up tea.

**ntangiiro** *(e)ntangiiro* n.9 reception, receiving, welcome, greeting • *Abagole bayingiire omu ntangiiro.* The bride and the bridegroom have entered the reception.

**ntangiriza** *(e)ntangiriza* n.9 way of welcoming • *Entangiriza ya bageni omu Baruuli ya njawulo oku Baganda.* The way visitors are received in Buruuli is different from in Baganda. **ntaragi** *(e)ntaragi* n.9/10 small hardwood tree

**ntawuura** *(o)ntawuura* n.1a/10 (a) honey badger, ratel (*Mellivora capensis*) • *Ontawuura alya obwoki.* The honey badger eats bees. (b) maize weevil (*Sitophilus zeamais*) • *Ontawuura alya muno ebiduuma.* The maize weevil destroys maize grains. **nte** *(o)nte* n.1a/10 cow, head of a cattle • *OMagado ata n'ente kikumi.* Magado has a hundred cows.

**ntebe** *(e)ntebe* n.9/10 (a) chair, seat • *Aikaire ku ntebe egisai.* She is sitting in a nice-looking chair. (b) throne • *Omukama bamwikalisirye oku ntebe.* The king has been installed on the

# throne.

**nteefu** *(o)nteefu* n.1a/10 large grey mushroom which grows on termite mounds

**nteeka** *(o)nteeka* n.1a/2 virgin • *Omwala waamwe akyali nteeka.* His daughter is still a virgin.

**nteekaniza** *(e)nteekaniza* n.9/10 plan, programme • *Tukyali kufuna nteekaniza ya mukolo.* We have not yet got the programme for the function.

**nteekateeka** *(e)nteekateeka* n.9/10 (a) plan, arrangement, preparation, preparation • *Enteekateeka zaamwe tizikwiza kwakalamu okwiyaku nga afunire obuwagizi obukumala.* His plans will only be successful if he gets enough support. (b) programme • *Enteekateeka y'okutumbula omutindo gwa byabulumi ewulukire?* Is the programme for the modernisation of agriculture out?

**nteeseganya** *(e)nteeseganya* n.9/10 (a) marriage talks, marriage negotiations • *Enteeseganya za kuswera omwala wa Tabaaro zikwaba omu maiso.* The marriage negotiations for Tabaaro's daughter are going well. (b) peace talks, peace negotiations • *Enteeseganya akati wa Sudan ne Uganda zitandikire.* The peace negotiations between Uganda and Sudan have started.

**ntega** *(e)ntega* n.9/10 method of fishing • *Entega ya ncwi omu Uganda gibbi.* The Ugandan way of fishing is bad.

**ntegeka** *(e)ntegeka* n.9/10 plan, arrangement, preparation

**ntegetege** *(e)ntegetege* n.9/10 posterior cruciate ligament, ligament at the back of a knee • *Onte baamutemere entegetege.* They cut the cow's posterior cruciate ligament.

**ntembo** *(e)ntembo* n.9/10 newly planted banana plantation • *Ka nyabe nzube omu ntembo.* Let me go and weed my newly planted banana plantation.

**ntemeera** *(o)ntemeera* n.1a/2 virgin • *Mutasiisa mwala oyo kubba akyali ntemeera.* Do not defile that girl because she's still a virgin.

**ntemerwa** *(e)ntemerwa* n.9/10 stump sprout • *Ni tusaawa emisaale wairawo ntemerwa.* When we prune trees, new sprouts grow again from the stumps.

**ntengereze** *(e)ntengereze* n.10 acrophobia, phobia of heights • *Entengereze zandemeserye okuniina omusaale.* Acrophobia deterred me from climbing a tree.

**ntere** *(e)ntere* n.9/10 small grey fish **nti** part. that (a complementiser which optionally introduces complement clauses) • *Yakobere nti akwiza.* He said that he is coming.

**ntikko** *(e)ntikko* n.9/10 <from Lug.> climax, peak, culmination • *Omukolo gwaikire oku ntikko yaagwo.* The event has come to its climax.

**ntinda** *(e)ntinda* n.9 way of groaning • *Entinda ya mulwaire ekutiinisya.* The way the patient is groaning

# is scary.

**ntindo** *(o)ntindo* n.1a/2 very short person • *Ontindo ngoyo akwakala.* A very short man is passing by.

**ntobo** *(e)ntobo* n.9/10 bottom of an object (e.g. pot, saucepan) • *Entobo ya kiibbo ejundure.* The bottom of the basket has rotted away.

**ntogonya** *(e)ntogonya* n.9/10 cooked unpeeled ripe matoke • *Entogonya zisinga kuliibwa baana.* Cooked unpeeled ripe matoke are mostly eaten by children.

**ntogoro** *(e)ntogoro* n.9/10 (a) ankle bell • *Abaana bababbwa entogoro ku magulu leke beege okutambula.* Ankle bells are tied on the legs of children so that they learn to walk. (b) pod rattle • *Ababini beebbwa entogoro nga bakubina.* Dancers bind pod rattles to their ankles when they dance.

**ntoli**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ntoli* n.9/10 finger snapping • *Ombwene bamwetesya ntoli.* We call dogs by snapping our fingers.

**ntoli**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ntoli* n.9/10 millet grown short due to poor rains • *Obwita ni butafuna ikendi musai bufooka ntoli.* If the millet crops do not get good rain, they grow short.

**ntolima** *(e)ntolima* n.9/10 heavy hammer, heavy stick • *Omwibbi bamukubbire entolima oku mutwe n'afiirawo.* The thief was hit on the head with a heavy stick and died instantly.

**ntolobweizi** *(e)ntolobweizi* n.9/10 pauper, beggar, poor person • *Ndi* *mwana wa ntolobweizi kyesangire nikyo ndya.* I am the daughter of a pauper, I eat anything I find.

**ntomaali** *(e)ntomaali* n.9/10 floating cork, floating log • *Tukolesya entomaali oku butimba nga tukutega encwi obutimba buleke okweibbirya.* We use float corks during fishing so that the nets don't sink.

**ntomi** *(e)ntomi* n.9/10 (a) fist • *Yamudukwire entomi oku mutwe.* She hit his head with a fist. (b) punch, hit, stroke • *Entomi zamwakaliriiryeku obulumi.* The punches were too hard for him to bear.

**ntomo** *(e)ntomo* n.9 accuracy, precision, correctness • *Omwigi oyo ata wa ntomo.* That hunter shoots with accuracy.

**ntondo** *(e)ntondo* n.9 touchiness, oversensitivity, crankiness • *Omuntu owa ntondo taikalanika.* A touchy person is hard to live with.

**ntonge** *(e)ntonge* n.9/10 (a) small ball from mashed plantain or cooked millet which is dipped in relish before eating, depression in a lump of millet paste when held with fingers during eating • *Abanyala bamaite okukubba entonge.* The Banyala know how to make a depression in a lump of millet. (b) **kubba (e)ntonge** to make a small ball from mashed plantain or cooked millet which is dipped in relish before eating

**ntongooli** *(e)ntongooli* n.9/10 lyre (type of musical instrument) • *Mmaite okukubba entongooli.* I know how

to play the lyre.

**ntongwai** *(o)ntongwai* n.1a/10 silverfish • *Entongwai bazikolamu emere ya nkoko.* The silverfish is used to make chicken food.

**ntoola** *(e)ntoola* n.9/10 embers tong, pincers• *Entoola yagibuurye irai.* He lost the embers tong long ago.

**ntooleerya** *(e)ntooleerya* n.9/10 method of investigation • *Entooleerya yaabwe ti ya kikugu.* Their investigation method is unprofessional.

**ntooro** *(o)ntooro* n.1a/2 not serious person, light-hearted person, joker • *Lekerawo okubaza nka ntooro.* Stop talking like a joker.

**ntoroogo** *(o)ntoroogo* n.1a/2 premature baby (human or animal) • *Ombwene abyaire ntoroogo.* The dog has delivered a premature puppy.

**ntu** *(e)ntu* n.9 schistosomiasis (a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes), bilharzia • *Obulwaire bwa ntu bwingi e Busoga.* There is high spread of schistosomiasis in Busoga.

**ntukulu** *(o)ntukulu* n.1a/10 otter • *Ontukulu akodola amaiso ga binage.* The otter removes the eyes from tilapias.

**ntula** *(e)ntula* n.9/10 small white eggplant, bitter tomato (*Solanum aethiopicum*) • *Entula bazikolesya okutamba amaiso ga bisolo.* Small eggplants are used to treat animals' eyes.

**ntulubende**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ntulubende* n.9/10 Heuglin's striped grass mouse, Heuglin's lemniscomys (*Lemniscomys zebra*) • *Ontulubende tabba mu nyumba.* The Heuglin's striped grass mouse does not stay in houses. **ntulubende**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ntulubende* n.9/10 malnutrition • *Endiisya egibbi ereeta entulubende.* Poor food causes malnutrition.

**ntululu** *(o)ntululu* n.9 touchiness, oversensitivity, crankiness • *Omukali wange ata n'entululu muno.* My wife is a very touchy person.

**ntumba** *(e)ntumba* n.9/10 stooped neck, round shoulders, hunched back • *Naboine omusaiza nga alina entumba.* I saw a man with a stooped neck.

**ntumbi** *(e)ntumbi* n.9/10 ascites (abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen) • *Obulwaire bw'entumbi bubbi.* Ascites is a dangerous disease.

**ntumbwe** *(e)ntumbwe* n.9/10 calf (of a leg) • *Abazeenyi ba mupiira babba n'entumbwe ezikooto.* Football players have strong calves.

**ntumwa** *(o)ntumwa* n.1a/2 (a) messenger • *OKanca yatumire ontumwa omukulu nga niye Yesu.* God sent his last major messenger and that is Jesus. (b) angel • *ONtumwa wa Kanca aleetere obukwenda obusai.* The angel of God brought good news.

**ntundabikaire** *(e)ntundabikaire* n.9 second-hand item, worn garment • *Yaguure engoye ntundabikaire okuzwa omu katale ka Owino.* She bought second-hand clothes at the Owino market.

**ntungalugoye** *(e)ntungalugoye* n.9 Orion's Belt (a group of three stars that form a line) • *Entugalugoye ziboneka kusai ku iguru.* Orion's Belt looks good in the sky.

**ntuntunu** *(e)ntuntunu* n.9/10 cape gooseberry, physalis (*Physalis peruviana*) • *Entuntunu ziwooma muno.* Cape gooseberries are very delicious.

**ntunuka** *(e)ntunuka* n.9/10 inflammation of a finger or a toe • *Entunuka eruma muno.* Inflammation of the fingers or toes is very painful.

**ntutumi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)ntutumi* n.1a/10 coucal (genus *Centropus*) • *Ontutumi atandandika okukunga mambya karai.* Coucals start calling very early in the morning.

**ntutumi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ntutumi* n.9 very early morning usually about 3–4 a.m., time when caucals start calling • *Nayabiire mu ntutumi.* I went when the coucals were calling.

**ntuuko** *(e)ntuuko* n.9/10 predestined time, predetermined time • *Omuntu afa entuuko n'eikire.* A person dies at the predestined time.

**ntuumo** *(e)ntuumo* n.9/10 heap, pile, bundle • *Tuuma entuumo itaanu eza butungulu.* Make five heaps of onions.

**ntuuwe** [see *ntuwai*]

**ntuuyo** *(e)ntuuyo* n.9 sweat • *Entuuyo zizwa omu bantu nga bakukola emirimu egya maani.* Sweat comes out of people when they do vigorous exercises.

**ntuwai** *(e)ntuwai* n.9/10 crested crane (*Balearica regulorum*) • *Ontuwai kamwe oku bubonero bwa Uganda.* The crested crane is one of Uganda's symbols.

**ntwala** *(e)ntwala* n.9 cargo, luggage, load, baggage • *Yaizire n'entwala yaamwe.* He came with his luggage.

**ntwiga**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ntwiga* n.1a/10 giraffe • *Ontwiga amaliire ebiyaata.* The giraffe has eaten my potato vines.

**ntwiga**<sup>2</sup> *(e)ntwiga* n.9/10 bracelet • *Ntaka entwiga ezikolebwa kuni okusinga ezo z'embona mu mawanga agandi.* I like the locally made bracelets more than those I see in other countries.

**ntyagi** adv. speedily, quickly, at high speed • *Yamutwaire ntyagi.* He ran after him quickly.

**nu** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**nuga** [see *nugwa*]

**nuguuniirya** [see also *nwagalala*] *(oku)nuguuniirya* v.intr. *nuguuniirye, nuguuniriirye* to be tart, to be sharp or acid in taste • *Omuyembe ogubbisi gunuugiriirya.* An unripe mango has a tart taste.

**nugwa** *(oku)nugwa* v.tr. *nugirwe* (a) to reject, to rebuff, to turn down • *Omusaiza oyo namunugirwe okuzwa mu ntandikwa.* I rejected that man right from the beginning. (b) to be fed up with • *Nanugirwe eneeyakalya ya baana abo.* I am fed up with the behaviour of those children.

**nukuta** *(e)nukuta* n.9/10 <from

Ar. via Sw.> letter, alphabetical character • *Enukuta engambisya omu Ruruulu-Lunyala zibba itaanu.* There are five vowel letters in Ruruuli-Lunyala.

**nula** [see *nura*] <Lunyala>

**nuliirya** *(oku)nuliirya* v.intr. *nuliriirye* to be sweet • *Omucungwa guni gunuliirya.* This orange is sweet.

**nume** [see *numi*]

**numi** *(o)numi* n.1a/10 bull • *Onumi wa nte wange akuure.* My bull has grown up.

**numwo** [see *nimwo*]

**nunula** *(oku)nunula* v.tr. *nunwire* (a) to save, to rescue, to keep, to preserve • *Oceyamaani yanunwire ente zange.* The chairman helped me to rescue my cows. (b) to liberate, to free, to set free • *Banayuganda baanunwire ensi yaabwe okuliga omu mikono gya bafuzi ba matwale.* Ugandans liberated their country from the colonial masters.

**nura** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nura* v.intr. *nuure* to taste nicely • *Omuyembe ogwengeire gunura muno.* A ripe mango tastes nice.

**nusu** [see *noso*]

**nusubulaya** *(o)nusubulaya* n.1a/10 crossbreed • *Onte wange onusubulaya azwamu amatai gaingi.* My crossbreed cow produces a lot of milk.

**nuubuka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nuubuka* v.intr. *nuubukire* to get a bruise, to get bruised • *Eboodabooda yamukubbire n'anuubuka.* He was hit by a motorbike and got bruised.

**nuuna** *(oku)nuuna* v.tr. *nuunire* to suck, to lick • *Ombarabara anuuna musaayi gwa nte.* The tick sucks the blood of cows.

**nuuni** *(e)nuuni* n.9/10 pancreas • *Bamukebeire omu irwaliro ni basanga nga enuuni yaamwe girwaire ati akutaka kwaba mu irwaliro likooto.* He was diagnosed with an infected pancreas, so he needs to go to a big hospital for treatment.

**nuwiira** *(oku)nuwiira* v.tr. *nuwiire* to soften, to make soft • *Ta omugaati omu caayi gunuwiire.* Soften the bread by dipping it in tea.

**nuwo** part. that is where (a particle used in focus constructions) • *Nuwo awo waali.* There he is.

**nvuga** *(e)nvuga* n.9/10 tune, sound • *Envuga ya ngoma ti gisai.* The drum's tune is not good.

**nvujjo** *(e)nvujjo* n.9 <from Lug.> land tax (traditionally given to the chief in the form of beer, cows, bark cloth) • *Omukama wa itakali tumusasule envujjo.* We should pay the chief of the land the land tax.

**nvuluga** *(e)nvuluga* n.9 roasted groundnut sauce • *Envuluga enuura muno oku biyaata.* Roasted groundnut sauce goes well with a potato meal.

**nvuumuulo** *(e)nvuumuulo* n.9/10 sling, slingshot • *Akasukire eibbaale ng'akolesya envumuulo.* He threw a stone using a sling.

**nwagalala** [see also *nuguuniirya*] <Ruruuli> to be tart, be sharp or acid in taste • *Omuyembe ogubbisi gunwagalala.* An unripe mango is tart.

**nyaala** *(oku)nyaala* v.intr. *nyaire* to urinate, to wet (beds)• *Omwana waamu anyaala oku kitabu ampi buli bwire.* Your child wets the bed almost every day.

**nyaaluka** *(oku)nyaaluka* v.intr. *nyaalukire* to loose weight, to emaciate, to slim, to become skinny, to become thin • *Omulwaire anyaalukire.* The patient has become emaciated.

**nyaanya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)nyaanya* v.tr. *nyaanyire* to chew partially • *Omwana anyaanyire enyama n'agicwa.* The child chewed the meat partially and then spit it out.

**nyaanya**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nyaanya* n.9/10 tomato • *Omusumbi aguure enyaanya zingi.* The cook bought many tomatoes.

**nyaata**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)nyaata* v.intr. *nyaatire* to eat food without sauce • *Nje tinyaata nta n'empiiya zange.* I don't eat food without sauce because I have money.

**nyaata**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)nyaata* v.tr. *nyaatire* to roll, to turn over, to turn over and over, to jumble up

**nyaata**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *ginyaata, binyaata, kanyaata*) adj. without sauce • *Eno emere ginyaata.* This food is without sauce.

**nyaawo** *(e)nyaawo* n.9/10 udder meat • *Yaliire enyaawo eigolo.* He ate udder meat yesterday.

**nyabanante** *(o)nyabanante* n.1a/10 great white egret, great white heron (*Ardea alba*) • *Onyabanante asengee-* *rya ente lwa kulya busiisa.* The white egret follows cattle in order to eat insects.

**Nyabayinda** [see *Nabayinda*]

**nyabo** *(o)nyabo* n.1a/2 madam, term of address to mean madam • *Nnyabo iza ani.* Madam, come here.

**Nyabuzaana** <Ruruuli> *(o)Nyabuzaana* n.1a type of god, spirit • *ONyabuzaana niye mbandwa agaba olubyalo.* Nyabuzaana is a spirit that blesses people with the birth of a child.

**nyaga** *(oku)nyaga* v.tr. *nyagire* (a) to snatch, to grab away, to steal • *Omuyaaye anyagire akasawu ka mukali oyo.* A rogue has snatched that woman's purse. (b) to cheat, to defraud, to fool, to trick • *Omukali oyo yanyagire empiiya zange.* That woman cheated me out of my money. (c) to abduct, to kidnap • *OKony yanyaganga abaana.* Kony used to abduct children. (d) to loot, to rob, to plunder • *Abantu batera okunyaga ebintu omu biseera bya ntalo.* People often loot property during war. (e) to rustle (cattle), to steal • *Abanyagi baanyagaga ente z'abantu okuzwa omu Karamoja.* Bandits used to rustle people's cattle in Karamoja.

**nyagaana** [see also *nyagangana*] *(oku)nyagaana* v.tr. *nyagaine, nyaganire* to eat greedily, to gorge • *Emere ebbaire gidyoli abaana bakunyagaanambe.* There has been little food, so the children eat greedily. **nyagangana** [see also *nyagaana*]

*(oku)nyagangana* v.tr. *nyagangaine* to eat greedily, to gorge • *Omusaiza akunyagangana ekiduuma.* The man is gorging himself on the maize. **Nyaigongo** [see *Naigongo*] **Nyairamuli** [see *Nairamuli*] **Nyaisonga** [see *Naisonga*] **Nyajiimu** [see *Najiimu*] **Nyakabboopi** [see *Nakabboopi*] **Nyakabiito** [see *Nakabiito*] **Nyakabwijwa** [see *Nakabwijwa*] **Nyakabyasi** [see *Nakabyasi*] **Nyakacwa** [see *Nakacwa*] **Nyakaduuli** [see *Nakacwa*] <Ruruuli> *(o)Nyakaduuli* n.1a/2 Ruuli woman • *Onyakaduuli azwala kusai.* A Ruuli woman dresses decently. **Nyakafuma** [see *Nakafuma*] **Nyakalebeeki** [see *Nakalebeeki*] **Nyakamooli** [see *Nakamooli*] **Nyakato** *(o)Nyakato* n.1a/2 name given to the second-born female twin • *Nyakato ayabire ku isomero.* Nyakato has gone to school. **Nyakayindu** [see *Nakayindu*] **nyakazaire** <Ruruuli> *(o)nyakazaire* n.1a/2 mother of a new-born, new mother • *Onyakazaire azwireyo omu irwaro.* The mother of a newborn has come back from the hospital. **nyakikooto** <Ruruuli> *(o)nyakikooto* n.1a/2 person possessed by the spirit of the clan **Nyakimaite** *(o)nyakimaite* n.1a/2 name given to a girl born when her parents have had a misunderstand-

ing

**Nyakinyama** [see *Nakinyama*]

**nyakula** *(oku)nyakula* v.tr. *nyakwire* to grab, to steal, to snatch • *Wegendereze omunyakuli akwiza kunyakula ensawu yaamu.* Be careful, a bag-snatcher will grab your bag. **Nyakyali** [see *Nakyali*]

**nyalala** *(oku)nyalala* v.intr. *nyalaire* to have diarrhoea • *Omwana anyalaire muno olwaleero.* The child has had terrible diarrhoea today.

**nyalika** *(e)nyalika* n.9/10 way of naming, naming strategy, naming method • *Enyalika ya Baganda eyawukana oku Baruuli.* The naming system of the Baganda differs from that of Baruuli.

**nyama** *(e)nyama* n.9/10 (a) meat • *Ebiro bini enyama bakugisyera.* Meat is very expensive these days. (b) **nyama gikalu** smoked food (meat as well as matoke, fish) • *N'oinika enyama egikalu ogigondya.* When you soak smoked meat, you soften it.

**nyamaani** (e.g. *munyamaani*) adj. strong, healthy, powerful • *Ndi mukali munyamaani.* I am a very strong woman.

**nyamantiiti** [see *namantiiti*] <Ruruuli>

**Nyambala** [see *Nambala*]

**nyampa** *(oku)nyampa* v.intr. *nyampire* to break wind, to pass gas, to fart• *Omwala oyo anyampire omu bantu.* That girl has farted in public.

**nyampala** [see also *nampala*] <Ruruuli>

**Nyampiina** [see *Nampiina*] **nyampuruka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nya-* *mpuruka* v.intr. *nyampurukire* to fart loudly, to break wind loudly • *Bamucupwire omugere n'anyampuruka.* He was kicked and farted loudly. **Nyampuuli** [see *Nampuuli*] **Nyamudongo** [see *Namudongo*] **Nyamugimba** [see *Namugimba*] **nyamugobe** *(o)nyamugobe* n.1a/10 finely ground powder made from dried greens, such as *Vigna unguiculata*

**Nyamugonya** [see *Namugonya*] **nyamulai** <Ruruuli> (e.g. *munyamulai, banyamulai*) adj. (a) long, extended • *Baatambwire olugendo olunamulai.* They travelled a very long distance. (b) tall • *Omusaale gudi gunamulai.* That tree is very tall.

**nyamunguule** *(o)nyamunguule* n.1a/2 gigant, huge person, overweight person • *Naboine omusaiza onyamunguule eizo omu katale.* I saw a huge man in the market yesterday.

**nyamunywa** <Ruruuli> *(o)nyamunywa* n.1a HIV/AIDS • *Uganda erimu abalwaire ba nyamunywa baingi.* Uganda has many people infected with HIV.

**nyamunzoki** *(o)nyamunzoki* n.1a/2 queen bee • *Onamunzoki alya mwijoromi.* The queen bee feeds on royal jelly.

**Nyamuwanga** *(o)Nyamuwanga* n.1a creator, maker • *ONamuwanga niye yawangire enca eni.* It is the creator who created this world.

**Nyamuyonjo** *(o)Nyamuyonjo* n.1a

Nyamuyonjo (a traditional leaders of Bunyala) • *Namuyonjo yaali mutaani wa Kamurasi owa Bunyoro.* Namuyonjo was a son of Kamurasi king of Bunoro.

**Nyamwango** [see *Namwango*] **Nyamwica** [see *Namwica*]

**nyamwingi** [see also *namwingi*] <Ruruuli> (e.g. *banyamwingi, zinyamwingi*) adj. very many • *Mboine abantu banyamwingi omu kanisa.* I have seen many people in the church.

**nyana** *(o)nyana* n.1a/10 (a) calf • *Eizo onte yabyaire enyana ibiri.* The cow gave birth to two calves yesterday. (b) heifer • *Nguure onyana wa nte.* I bought a heifer.

**Nyancwezi** [see *Nancwezi*]

**Nyandira** <Ruruuli> *(o)Nyandira (Nandira)* n.1a/10 name given to a girl born with her umbilical cord wrapped around her neck

**nyange** *(o)nyange* n.1a/10 cattle egret (*Bubulcus ibis*) • *Onyange abba mweru.* The cattle egret is white in colour.

**Nyangoma** *(o)Nyangoma* n.1a (a) name given to a first-born female twin • *ONyangoma ayabire mu irwaro.* Nyangoma has gone to the hospital. (b) Nyangoma (a traditional leader of Baruuli before Buganda annexation) • *ONyangoma yaali mukama wa Buruuli.* Nangoma was a king of Buruuli.

**nyaniriza** *(e)nyaniriza* n.9 reception, receiving, welcome, greeting • *Enya-* *niriza ya bageni ebbaire gisai.* The reception of the visitors was impressive.

**nyanja** *(e)nyanja* n.9/10 lake • *Enyanja Nalubaale niye esinga obukooto omu Africa.* Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa.

**nyanjagikooto** *(e)nyanjagikooto* n.9/10 sea • *OMusa yaakairye abaana ba Isirayiri omu nyanjagikooto eyetebwa Red sea.* Moses led the Israelites through the Red Sea.

**Nyanjura** <Ruruuli> *(o)Nyanjura* n.1a name given to a girl born when it is raining • *ONyanjura abyalibwa oikendi akutoonya.* The name Nanjura is given to a girl born when it is raining.

**Nyankangwa** [see *Nankangwa*] **Nyankurungo** [see *Nankurungo*] **Nyankurwe** [see *Nankurwe*] **Nyansaigi** [see *Nansaigi*] **Nyanseera** [see *Nanseera*] **Nyansenja** [see *Nansenja*] **Nyansiita** [see *Nansiita*] **Nyansingo** [see *Nansingo*] **Nyansogo** [see *Nansogo*] **Nyansukwe** [see *Nansukwe*] **Nyanzira** [see *Nanzira*] **Nyaranzi** [see *Naranzi*] **nyarubbi** *(o)nyarubbi* n. very ugly person • *Mboine omukali onyarubbi.* I have seen a very ugly woman. **Nyasambwe** [see *Nasambwe*] **nyawo** *(e)nyawo* n.9/10 udder of a slaughtered animal • *Enyawo teriibwa bakali.* It is a taboo for a woman

to eat the udder of a slaughtered animal.

**nyawu** *(o)nyawu* n.1a/10 cat • *Onyawu ataka muko okulya emese.* The cat loves eating rats very much.

**Nyayanja** [see *Nayanja*]

**nyeemya** *(oku)nyeemya* v.tr. *nyeemerye* to spoil (a person), to pumper • *Kibbi omukali okunyeemya omwana.* It is bad for a woman to pumper a child.

**nyeenya** *(oku)nyeenya* v.tr. *nyeenyere* to shake, to move to and fro, to move • *Nyeenya omusaale onage emiyembe.* Shake the branches of the tree so that the mangoes can fall.

**nyeeta** *(oku)nyeeta* v.intr. *nyeetere* to reach puberty • *Omwala wange anyeetere.* My daughter has reached puberty.

**nyega** *(oku)nyega* v.tr. *nyegere* to answer, to reply, to respond • *Mmetere emirundi musanju nga takunnyega.* I called him seven times, and he did not answer me.

**nyegenya** *(oku)nyegenya* v.intr. *nyegenyere* (of teeth) to be loose • *Amaino ga mwana wange gakunyegenya.* My child's teeth have become loose.

**nyegesya** *(oku)nyegesya* v.tr. *nyegeserye* to educate, to teach • *Nyegesya okubbwa etaayi.* Teach me how to knot a tie.

**nyemba** *(e)nyemba* n.9/10 singing style • *Enyemba y'Abaduuli ngitaka muno.* I like the Baruuli singing style.

**nyembo** *(e)nyembo* n.9 music • *Ndi ani nkunyumirwa nyembo.* I am here enjoying the music.

**nyemera** *(o)nyemera* n.1a/10 zebra • *Amasaayiiryo againgi gakyamisirye onyemera omunwa.* Too much smartness made zebra's mouth bend. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**nyenere** (e.g. *mwenyenere*) adj. very, exact, precise • *Oyo niye musaiza gwenakukobere mwenyenere.* That is the very man I told you about.

**nyenje** *(e)nyenje* n.9/10 small cockroach • *Enyenje zinena engoye.* The small cockroaches bite clothes.

**nyenta** *(oku)nyenta* v.intr. *nyentire* to reach adolescence, to reach young adulthood, to be a youth • *OKaijanazo anyetere.* Kaijanazo has become a young adult.

**nyenyeera** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nyenyeera* v.intr. *nyenyeire* (of teeth) to be sensitive • *Amaino gange gakunyenyeerya.* My teeth are sensitive.

**nyenyeezi** *(e)nyenyeezi* n.9/10 star • *Enyenyeezi zingi aiguru.* There are many stars in the sky.

**nyereketa** [see also *nyerengeta*] *(oku)nyereketa* v.intr. *nyereketere* to shine, to glare • *Enkaito zange zikunyereketa.* My shoes are shinning. **nyerengeta** [see also *nyereketa*] *(oku)nyerengeta* v.intr. *nyerengetere* to be shiny, to be oily, to glitter • *Omwana yeebbuukire ebizigo akunyerengeta.* A child smeared herself with a lot of vaseline and she is shiny.

**nyeta** *(e)nyeta* n.9 way of calling • *Enyeta gye weetere ababyaire tiyaalimu kawoowo.* The way you called your parents was unpleasant.

**nyibyala** *(o)nyibyala* n.1a/2 motherin-law • *Onyibyala niye abyala oiba wa mukali.* The mother-in-law is the mother to a woman's husband.

**nyigiirya** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nyigiirya* v.tr. *nyigiriirye* to oppress, to depress, to subdue • *Omusaiza oyo akunyigiirya omukali waamwe.* That man is oppressing his wife.

**nyigulamaiso** *(o)nyigulamaiso* n.1a/10 flying termite that comes first out of a termite hill • *Onyigulamaiso tata mwangu kubona.* It is not easy to see the flying termite that comes first out of a termite hill.

**nyiikira** *(oku)nyiikira* v.intr. *nyiikiire* to be diligent, to be hard-working, to be industrious, to persevere • *Nyiikira okutambula olugendo lukyali lukooto.* Persevere and walk, the journey is still long.

**nyiikiriira** *(oku)nyiikiriira* v.tr. *nyiikiriire* (a) to show diligence in, to devote oneself wholeheartedly to • *Anyiikiriire emisomo gyamwe gonze nga mwavu.* She has persevered with her studies, although she is poor. (b) to worsen, to diminish, to decay, to get worse • *Obulwaire bumunyiikiriire.* Her health condition has worsened.

**nyikaavu** (e.g. *munyikaavu, banyikaavu*) adj. disgruntled, dissatisfied, discontented, aggrieved, resentful,

displeased, unhappy, disappointed,

• *Omusaiza omunyikaavu akubbire abaana.* The disgruntled man has beaten the children.

**nyikala** *(e)nyikala* n.9 sitting posture • *Enyikala yaamwe yamuleeteire okulwala omugongo.* Her sitting posture caused her to suffer from backache.

**nyikiriza** *(e)nyikiriza* n.9 faith, creed, religion, religious affiliation, denomination • *Omu Uganda mulimu abantu aba nyikiriza eza njawulo.* There are many people with different faiths in Uganda.

**nyikiriziganya** *(e)nyikiriziganya* n.9/10 agreement, consent • *Mwaikire oku nyikiriziganya yoona?* Did you reach any concrete agreement? **nyina** *(o)nyina* n.1a (a) mother • *Omwana yeeweekere oku mugongo gwa nyina.* The child is on her mother's back. (b) **nyina kiswa** queen ant, termite queen • *Enkubabe zikoora onyina kiswa.* Soldier ants work for the queen ant.

**nyinamwana** *(o)nyinamwana* n.1a/2 mother of the bearer of the spirit (in traditional worship) • *Onyinamwana wa kibandwa mukali mukaire.* The mother of the bearer of the spirit is an old woman.

**nyindo** *(e)nyindo* n.9/10 nose • *Enyindo ya mwojo ekujwa omujule.* The boy's nose is bleeding.

**nyinenda** *(o)nyinenda* n.1a/10 uterus • *Bamwiyiremu onyinenda.* They removed her uterus.

**nyingirya** *(e)nyingirya* n.9 (a) income, salary, wage • *Enyingirya yaamwe ti gisai.* Her income is not good. (b) way of entering (e.g. words in a dictionary) • *Enyingirya ya bigambo omu kideero kya Lunyala gisai.* The way words were entered in the Lunyala dictionary is impressive.

**nyingiryo** *(e)nyingiryo* n.9/10 entry, inclusion • *Tulina enyingiryo za bigambo bingi omu kideero.* We have many entries in the dictionary.

**nyiramu** *(e)nyiramu* n.9/10 answer, reply, response • *Enyiramu yaamu eya bibuulyo ekusemeza.* Your answer to the questions is impressive.

**nyirira** *(oku)nyirira* v.intr. *nyiriire* to look attractive, to be admirable • *Omukali akunyirira.* The woman looks attractive.

**nyiriri** (e.g. *munyiriri, banyiriri*) adj. (a) tidy, clean, neat • *Omu nyumba yaamwe okwiza kwajayo baana banyiriri.* In her household you will only find tidy children. (b) goodlooking, attractive, beautiful, pretty, handsome, lovely • *Onte munyiriri.* The cow is good-looking.

**nyirukanya** *(e)nyirukanya* n.9 administration, management • *Enyirukanya ya isomero lini ereetere enkulaakulana.* The administration of this school has brought about development.

**nyisana** *(e)nyisana* n.9/10 appearance, look(s) • *Enyisana yaamu ya mulembe.* Your appearance is trendy.

**nyola** <Ruruuli> *(oku)nyola* v.intr. *nyoire* to escape, to run away, to flee, to break away • *Yanyoire okuzwa omu nkomyo.* He escaped from the prison.

**nyolima** <Lunyala> *(oku)nyolima* v.intr. *nyolimire* (a) to escape, to run away, to flee, to break away • *Yanyolimire omu nkomyo.* He escaped from the prison. (b) to sneak, to move stealthily • *Kibbi okunyolima okuzwa oku mukolo.* It is bad to sneak away from a function.

**nyoloka** *(oku)nyoloka* v.intr. *nyolokere* to disappear quietly, to sneak away • *Omulwaire wange anyoolookere okuzwa mu irwaliro.* My patient escaped quietly from the hospital.

**nyolokoka** *(oku)nyolokoka* v.intr. *nyolokokere* to be soaked with water • *Oikendi atukubbire iswenaswena ni tunyolokoka.* The rain has soaked us thoroughly.

**nyomboka** *(e)nyomboka* n.9/10 style of building, building method • *Enyomboka ya nyumba ya Musiima teisana ya Mukama.* Musiima's style of house building does not resemble Mukama's.

**nyomyo** *(e)nyomyo* n.9/10 (a) centre pillar, arch pillar • *Enyumba egikooto ebbaamu enyomyo.* A big house must have an arch pillar. (b) pillar, backbone • *Obusiraamu bulina enyomyo itaano.* Islam is built on five pillars.

**nyondo** *(e)nyondo* n.9/10 hammer • *Omwibbi yakubbire omusaiza enyo-* *ndo.* The thief hit a man with a hammer.

**nyonga** *(e)nyonga* n.9/10 borehole • *Amaizi ngaire ku nyonga.* I got water from the borehole.

**nyongeerya** *(e)nyongeerya* n.9/10 bonus, gift, unexpected extra, benefit • *Enyongeerya teita buguli.* A bonus cannot stop a business transaction. (a Ruruuli-Lunyara proverb) **nyongereza** *(e)nyongereza* n.9/10 additional offer, addition • *Enyongereza yaitisirye oMusyabira.* The desire for an additional offer led to the death of Musyabira.

**nyongeza** *(e)nyongeza* n.9/10 bonus, gift, unexpected extra, benefit • *Yagabanga enyongeza gingi.* He used to give a big bonus.

**nyongoro** [see also *lunyongoro*] (e.g. *munyongoro, banyongoro*) adj. smart and boastful • *OPetero musaiza munyongoro.* Peter is a smart and boastful person.

**nyontoka** *(oku)nyontoka* v.intr. *nyontokere* (of soft materials) to be squashed, to be crushed • *Nnyemere ku fene n'anyontoka.* I stepped on the jackfruit and it got squashed.

**nyontola** *(oku)nyontola* v.tr. *nyontoire* to squash, to crush, to compress • *Emotoka yamubbandire n'emunyontola.* The car hit him and squashed him.

**nyonyi** *(o)nyonyi* n.1a (or 9)/10 (a) bird • *Enyonyi ezimwei zirya ebisiisa.* Some birds eat insects. (b) aeroplane, plane • *Enyonyi eyakaire ampi n'emi-* *saale.* An airplane passed near the trees. (c) convulsion, seizure, spasm • *Omwana yakubbiibwe nyonyi.* The baby is suffering from convulsions.

**nyonyoka** *(oku)nyonyoka* v.tr. *nyonyokere* to understand clearly, to comprehend, to grasp • *Omusaiza tiyasookere kunyonyoka bye nasimoire.* The man did not understand first what I was saying.

**nyonyola** *(oku)nyonyola* v.tr. *nyonyoire* to explain, to describe, to put into words • *Nyonyola by'oboine.* Explain what you have seen.

**nyonzai** *(o)nyonzai* n.1a/10 (a) white-browed robin-chat • *Onyonzai ayemba kusai muno.* The whitebrowed robin-chat sings nicely. (b) wild purple fruit which grows on a shrub with hooked thorns • *Ekinyonyi kidi kitaka muno okulya enyonzai.* That bird likes eating nyonzai fruits.

**nyooka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)nyooka* v.intr. *nyookere* (a) to produce smoke (b) to swarm • *Ensiri zinyookere mu nyumba.* The mosquitoes have swarmed in the house. (c) (of an epidemic, hunger, battle) to be rampant, to rage • *Akawuka ka Corona kanyookere mu nsi yoona.* The corona virus has become rampant in the entire world.

**nyoola** *(oku)nyoola* v.tr. *nyoire* to twist, to curl, to wind, to twirl, to coil • *Yamunyoire omukono n'aguwenda.* He twisted his arm and broke it.

**nyooleza** *(oku)nyooleza* v.tr. *nyooleize* to twist, to curl, to wind, to

twirl, to coil • *Nyooleza akakosi ako.* Twist that thread.

**nyooma** *(oku)nyooma* v.tr. *nyoomere* to despise, to disrespect • *Otonyooma bantu.* Don't despise people.

**nyoomi** (e.g. *munyoomi, banyoomi*) adj. disrespectful • *Omukali waamwe munyoomi.* His wife is disrespectful. **nyoomoola** *(oku)nyoomoola* v.tr. *nyoomoire* to defy, to disobey, to ignore, to violate • *Anyoomoire by'omukobere.* She has defied your orders.

**nyoorya** *(oku)nyoorya* v.tr. *nyoirye* to engrave (a pot) • *Nyoorya ekinaga ekyo kiboneke kusai.* Engrave that pot so that it looks nicely.

**nyooryo** *(e)nyooryo* n.9/10 engraving tool • *Bakolesya nyooryo okunyoorya ensuwa.* The engraving tool is used to decorate a water pot.

**nyoro** *(o)nyoro* n.1a western (wind) • *Ompungo onyoro aiza ku nkomeero ya kwezi Kwaikekabiteere.* The western wind blows in the beginning of February.

**nyugunya** *(oku)nyugunya* v.tr. *nyugunyire* to throw, to toss• *Nyugunyayo eibbaale eryo.* Throw away that stone.

**nyuguta** [see *nukuta*]

**nyuki** (e.g. *bunyuki*) adj. (of flour) fine • *Obwita bwasyeire bunyuki.* The millet was ground into fine flour.

**nyukuta** *(e)nyukuta* n.9/10 letter, alphabetical character • *Ekyo ekigambo kya nyukuta mukaaga.* That

word has six letters.

**nyukya** *(oku)nyukya* v.tr. *nyukirye* to grind finely • *Nyukya oduuma oyo.* Grind that maize into fine flour.

**nyulukuka** *(oku)nyulukuka* v.intr. *nyulukukire* to be weak, to feel weakness, to have asthenia • *Nkuwuura amagulu gange gakunyulukuka.* I feel weakness in my legs.

**nyulula** *(oku)nyulula* v.tr. *nyulwire* to pull out (of water) • *Yanyulwire olugoye lwamwe omu maizi.* She pulled her clothing out of water.

**nyuma**<sup>1</sup> *(e)nyuma* n.9 behind, back, backside • *Ayabire nyuma wa nyumba.* He has gone behind the house. **nyuma**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)nyuma* v.intr. *nyumire* (a) to be colourful • *Embaga yannyumire.* The party was colourful for me. (b) to look smart, to be dressed smartly • *Ozwaire kusai, onyumire.* You are dressed nicely, you look smartly.

**nyumba** *(e)nyumba* n.9/10 house • *Omukali akwomboka enyumba gikooto.* The woman is constructing a big house.

**nyumiisiirya** *(oku)nyumiisiirya* v.tr. *nyumiisiriirye* (a) to keep company, to accompany, to hang out with • *OMusiita yabbaire okunyumiisiirya oMupiina.* Musiita kept Mupiina company. (b) to exaggerate, to overstate, to inflate • *Ebyo bye mukukoba, bya kunyumiisiiryambe.* What you are saying is just exaggerated.

**nyumirwa** *(oku)nyumirwa* v.tr. *nyumiirwe* to enjoy, to take pleasure in •

*Ndi ani nkunyumirwa nyembo.* I am here enjoying the music.

**nyumiza** *(oku)nyumiza* v.tr. *nyumiize* to tell, to narrate, to describe, to detail • *Ikaara ani nkunyumize bye naboine.* Sit here and I'll tell you what I saw.

**nyumunguka** *(oku)nyumunguka* v.intr. *nyumungukire* to be enlightened • *Omwegi wange anyumungukiremu oku nsonga ezimwe ezikwaba omu maiso.* My student is now a bit enlightened on current issues.

**nyumunguki** (e.g. *munyumunguki*) adj. (a) light-coloured • *Oni obbululu munyumunguki.* This blue is lightcoloured. (b) enlightened • *Omukali wa Magado munyumunguki.* Magado's wife is enlightened.

**nyumungulya** [see also *namwingi*] *(oku)nyumungulya* v.intr. *nyumungwirye* to rinse, to wash, to wash out • *Nyumungulya omu kanwa.* Rinse your mouth.

**nyumya** *(oku)nyumya* v.intr. *nyumirye* to have conversation, to converse, to have a discussion, to chat • *Atandikire okunyumya n'omawaamwe.* She has started chatting with her mom.

**nyundai** *(o)nyondai* n.1a/10 marabou stork • *Onyundai alya encwi.* The marabou stork eats fish. **nyungu** *(e)nyungu* n.9/10 smoking pipe • *Buliizo mbona omusaiza oyo n'enyungu gonze olundi abba takuginywa.* I always see that man with a pipe, even when he is not smoking.

# **nyunka** [see *nyuuka*]

**nyuuka** [see also *kunya*] *(oku)nyuuka* v.tr. *nyuukire* to squeeze (fruit to extract juice), to extract (e.g. banana juice), to crush (herbs to extract juice), to mash • *Nkwegesya baana bange kunyuuka nsande.* I am teaching my children to make banana juice.

**nyuunyunta** *(oku)nyuunyunta* v.tr. *nyuunyuntire* (a) to extract, to remove, to draw out • *Baamutairemu goozi omu kyoya n'anyuunyunta amaara.* They put gauze into her wound so that it extracts pus. (b) to suck • *Ngoyo akunyuunyuta ekikaijo.* That one is sucking sugar cane. (c) to exploit (d) to depend on, to rely on • *Omwana tataka kukola, wabula anyuunyunta bairabaamwe.* That child does not want to work, he is over-dependent on his colleagues.

**nyuunyuula** *(oku)nyunyuula* v.tr. *nyunywire* to tighten • *Nyuunyuula omusipi gwamu.* Tighten your belt.

**nywa** *(oku)nywa* v.intr./tr. *nywire* (a) to drink, to take (medicine) • *Nywa amaizi ago.* Drink that water. (b) to suck blood • *Ekimbugumbugu kinywa omusaayi.* The vampire bat sucks blood. (c) to smoke • *Omusaiza anywire otaaba mwingi muno.* The man has smoked a lot of tobacco. (d) (of the ball) to go past the goal line or through the net or ring • *Egoolo enywire.* A goal has been scored.

**nywagalala** *(oku)nywagalala* v.intr. *nywagalaire* to cause unpleasant sensation in one's mouth (e.g. when eating unripe mango or lemon)

**nywana** *(oku)nywana* v.tr. *nywaine* (a) to mix well (flour) • *Yongera omyene akaita kanywane.* Continue to mingle the millet paste so that it mixes well. (b) to befriend, to make friends • *Nywana abantu baingi.* Befriend many people.

**nywanto** *(e)nywanto* n.9/10 (a) nipple, teat • *Yaabire kubona musawu kubba enywanto ya ibeere lyamwe ekumuluma.* She went to see a doctor because her nipple is infected. (b) rubber item used as a teat, artificial teat • *Nguure enywanto ya mwana wange.* I bought an artificial teat for my baby.

**nywe** <sup>1</sup> (e.g. *lwanywe, bwanywe, kyanywe*) pro. your (second person plural possessive pronoun), yours • *Muleete saati zaanywe nzinaabye.* Bring your shirts and I'll wash them.

**nywe** <sup>2</sup> pro. you (second person plural independent pronoun) • *Baana nywe mulekerawo okutongana!* You children, stop arguing!

**nywegera** *(oku)nywegera* v.tr. *nywegeire* to kiss, to kiss lightly, to peck, to give a peck • *Omaama anywegera omwana ku itama.* The mother pecks the child on his cheek. **nywena** pro. (a) you too, you as well (second person plural focused pronoun) • *Nywena mbamaite.* I know you too. (b) **nywena nywena** all of you • *Nywena nywena mwize ani.* All of you come here.

**nywereera** *(oku)nywereera* v.intr. *nywerereire* (of a body) to be weak, to feel weak • *Nkuwuura omubiri gwange gukunywereera.* I feel full-body weakness.

**nyweseerya** [see also *nywisirya*] *(oku)nyweseerya* v.tr. *nyweseereirye* to eat while drinking, to drink while eating something • *Omuwogo munyweseerye ocaayi.* Drink tea with cassava.

**nywesya** *(oku)nywesya* v.tr. *nyweserye* to score • *Yanyweserye egoolo.* He scored a goal.

**nywisirya** [see also *nyweseerya*] *(oku)nywisirya* v.tr. *nywisiirye* to eat while drinking, to drink while eating • *Ocaayi amunywisiriirye biteere.* He drank tea with dry potato slices.

**nywisya** *(oku)nywisya* v.tr. *nywisirye* to take (cattle) to a drinking pond • *Nkwaba kunywisya nte.* I am taking the cattle to a watering pond.

**nywisyo** *(e)nywisyo* n.9/10 filter • *Oluseke lwa malwa lubbaaku enywisyo.* The local straw used to drink beer has a filter.

**nzai** *(e)nzai* adv. (a) outside • *Awulukire nzai.* She has gone outside. (b) abroad, overseas • *Akubinga ku byakufuna paasipoota kwaba nzai.* Bukenya went abroad. (c) out of wedlock • *OMaguzi aboine kubba bamubyaire nzai.* It is a pity that Maguzi was born out of wedlock.

**nzaima** *(o)nzaima* n.1a/10 type of fish

**nzala** *(e)nzala* n.9 hunger • *Enzala ekunduma muno.* I am very hungry. **nzeru**<sup>1</sup> *(o)nzeru* n.1a/10 white cow • *Onzeru yabyaire eigolo.* My white cow calved yesterday.

**nzeru**<sup>2</sup> *(e)nzeru* n.9/10 fishing basket used to trap small fish • *Nkolesya nzeru okutega empere.* I use a fishing basket to trap sprats.

**nziga** *(e)nziga* n.9/10 wheel • *Epikipiki ngitaireku enziga egiyaaka.* I have put a new wheel on my motorcycle.

**nzige** *(e)nzige* n.9/10 locust • *Enzige zisiisa emere.* The locust destroys crops.

**nziiko** *(e)nziiko* n.10 contribution given to the family of the deceased • *Nje mmaare okuwaayo enziiko.* I have already given the contribution to the family of the deceased.

**nziiziiri** *(e)nziiziiri* n.9/10 type of black insect which swim fast, jetblack water insect which flits to and from over the water • *Enziiziiri zibba ku maizi.* Jet blacks are found in water.

**nziku** *(e)nziku* n.9/10 [see also *nzuku*] gonorrhoea • *Oli mulwaire wa nziku.* That one is a gonorrhoea patient.

**nzingo** *(e)nzigo* n.9 (a) developmental delay • *Akaana ako ka nzingo.* That child is suffering from developmental delay. (b) person suffering from a developmental delay • *Omwana oyo nzingo.* That child is suffering from delayed development.

**nzinzimiya** *(e)nzinzimiya* n.9/10

lota (kettle or bottle used by Muslims for ablution) • *Abasiraamu aba irai bakolesyanga nzinzimiya okufuna wuzu.* In the past Muslims used kettles for ablution.

**nzira** *(e)nzira* n.9/10 (a) road, way, path, street • *Nayagiirye ekiso kini oku nzira.* I found this machete beside the road. (b) **sala (e)nzira** to cross, to cross over • *Asaare enzira n'aira oku kinanzira kidi.* He has crossed the road and gone to the other side.

**nziro** *(e)nziro* n.9 (a) soot • *Ekinaga kiriku enziro.* The saucepan has soot. (b) dirt on the skin • *N'otanaaba obba n'enziro.* When you do not bathe you have dirt on the skin. (c) ill feeling, animosity, resentment • *Omukali waamwe yasigaire n'enziro oku mwoyo.* His wife is harbouring ill feelings.

**nziya** *(e)nziya* n.10 pubic hair • *Akoojo kange kameere enziya.* My son has grown pubic hair.

**nzobe** *(o)nzobe* n.1a/10 waterbuck • *Enzobe zibba ampi n'amaizi.* Waterbucks live near water.

**nzogi** *(o)nzogi* n.1a/10 elephant • *Onzogi talemeerwa isanga.* The elephant can't fail (to carry) the tusks. (a proverb)

**nzogoli** *(o)nzogoli* n.1a/2 talkative, communicative • *Omusaiza oni nzogoli.* This man is talkative.

**nzoka** *(o)nzoka* n.1a/10 (a) generic term for all intestinal warms• *Ombuli wange mulwaire wa nzoka.* My

goat has tapeworms. (b) abdominal pain, stomach ache • *Ndi mulwaire wa nzoka.* I am suffering from abdominal pain. (c) **sala (e)nzoka** to have sexual intercourse after the birth of a baby • *Abafumbo basala enzoka oluzwanyuma lwa kiseera ekimala.* The couple has sex after a sufficient period after the birth of a child.

**nzoki** *(o)nzoki* n.1a/10 bee • *Enzoki zibba mu muzinga.* Bees live in a beehive.

**nzole** *(e)nzole* n.9/10 bundle of grass • *Nsaare enzole asatu.* I have cut thirty bundles of grass.

**nzoolo** [see *nzooro*]

**nzooryo** *(e)nzooryo* n.9/10 device used for decoration in pottery, decorating tool, roller device • *Enzooryo eyo gisai.* That decorating tool for pots is good.

**nzugu** *(e)nzugu* n.9 (a) enmity, grudge, hostility • *Enzugu yaamu teewa ku mwoyo?* Can't your enmity be over? (b) revenge, vengeance, retaliation • *Bwojo temworanga nzugu.* My friends, never take revenge.

**nzuku** *(e)nzuku* n.9/10 [see also *nziku*] gonorrhoea • *Obulwaire bwa nzuku bwita.* Gonorrhoea kills.

**nzunzuuli** *(o)nzunzuuli* n.1a/10 bee • *Onzunzuuli alanga abageni n'akuzungira oku kutwi.* A bee is believed to announce the arrival of a visitor when it flies near your ear. (A belief among the Banyara and Baruuli).

**nzwala** *(e)nzwala* n.9/10 dress code,

manner of dress, style of dress • *Enzwala ya Banyala ngimaite.* I know the dress code of the Banyala.

# **Ŋ**

**ŋaŋala** *(oku)ŋaŋala* v.intr. *ŋaŋaire* (of a dog) to yelp • *Ombwene bamukubbire n'aŋaŋala.* They beat the dog and it yelped.

**ŋombe** *(e)ŋombe* n.9/10 horn • *Nkuurayo akufuuwa eŋombe.* I can hear somebody blowing a horn.

**ŋooŋa** *(oku)ŋooŋa* v.intr. *ŋooŋere* (a) (of house flies) to buzz • *Enswera zikuŋooŋera oku bisasiro.* Flies are buzzing around the rubbish. (b) to moo • *Owuliire ente ne zikuŋooŋa?* Have you heard the cows mooing? **ŋooŋoola** [see also *ŋoŋoolika*] *(oku)-* *ŋooŋoola* v.intr. *ŋooŋoire* (a) to speak through one's nose • *Owuliire omwibbi n'akuŋoŋoola?* Have you heard the thief speaking through the nose? (b) to talk nonsense

**ŋoŋoolika** [see also *ŋooŋoola*] *(oku) ŋoŋoolika* v.intr. *ŋoŋoolikire* (a) to speak through one's nose • *Owuliire omwibbi n'akuŋoŋoolika?* Have you heard the thief speaking through his nose? (b) to talk nonsense

**ŋŋa** ideo. cry of a baby • *Onkeremba akunga "ŋŋa".* The baby cries "ŋŋa".

# **O**

**o-**<sup>1</sup> pf. augment of noun classes 1, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 20

**o-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of the second person singular on verbs **o** 3 (e.g. *ekyo, ebyo, eyo)* pro. that (medial demonstrative pronoun) • *Ekyo kiki?* What is that?

**oba** conj. (a) or • *Yamaare okusoma oba akyali?* Did he complete his studies or not yet? (b) whether • *Timmaite oba kikukola.* I don't know if it is working. (c) maybe • *Oba ya-* *li akusingaanisya na kinyonyi kidi.* Maybe he was competing with the other bird.

**obwairai** adv. long ago, for a long time • *Obwairai nkutagana n'embuli zini.* I have struggled with these goats for quite some time.

**obwo**<sup>1</sup> [see *o* 3 ]

**obwo**<sup>2</sup> conj. so, after all, then • *Obwo n'okoba otyai?* So, what do you have to say?

**obwote** [see *obwo*]

**oca** *(okw)oca* v.tr. *ocerye* (a) to burn, to set fire to • *Tukwaba kwoca bisaaniko ku kimbi.* We are going to burn rubbish from the dustbin. (b) to roast, to grill, to broil • *ONamukasa ayoca gonjai mu katale.* Namukasa roasts plantains at the market. (c) to hot-comb (hair), to straighten (hair) with a straightening comb • *Ya yayocerye eisoke emirundi ebiri.* She hotcombed her hair twice.

**oce** (e.g. *mwoce*) adj. fried, roasted • *Ogaramba bamulya mwoce.* The sweet plantain is usually eaten after being roasted.

**odi** [see *di*]

**ogereza** *(okw)ogereza* v.tr. *ogereize* (a) to court, to pursue, to solicit • *OWycliff akwogereza mwala wa mulirwana.* Wycliffe is courting the neighbour's daughter. (b) to lobby, to sweet talk, to convince • *Yaba oyogereze oisentebe wa disitulikiti atuwe enaikonto.* Go and lobby the district chairman to give us a borehole.

**ogi** (e.g. *lyogi, koogi, gyogi*) adj. sharp • *Eisumu lyogi muno.* The spear is very sharp.

**ogwo** [see *o* 3 ]

**okola** *(okw)okola* v.tr. *okoire* to remove (e.g. jiggers, thorns) from the flesh • *Iza onyokole amawa omu magulu.* Come here and remove the thorns from my feet.

**okugeza** [see *kugeza*]

**okusigikira oku** [see *kusigikira oku*] **okusinga** [see *kusinga*]

**okusinziira** [see *kusinziira*]

**okwa** [see *kwa*] **okwikya** [see *kwikya*] **okwo** [see *o* 3 ]

**oleka** *(okw)oleka* v.tr. *olekere* (a) to face, to look into someone's face • *Mmwolekere amaiso gange.* I have faced him. (b) to display, to showcase, to exhibit • *Twayabire oku isomero twayagiirye abaana bakwoleka ebitone byabwe.* We went to the school and found the children displaying their talents. (c) to introduce, to present • *Yoleka abakika omusaiza waamu.* Introduce your husband to your clansmen.

**olekera** *(okw)olekera* v.intr./tr. *olekeire* (a) to confront, to face • *Amos nkwiza kumwolekera amaiso, aneeteje.* I will face Amos, he will see me! (b) to move, to go, to walk • *Yolekera omu maiso.* Move forward.

**olera** *(okw)olera* v.tr. *oleire* to prune • *Nkwaba kwolera bigogo byange.* I am going to prune my banana plantation.

**olesa** *(okw)olesa* v.tr. *olesere* to exhibit, to showcase, to present • *Abasuubuli baabire kwolesa ebyamaguzi byabwe.* The businessmen have left to exhibit their goods.

**olwa** prep. because of, by reason of, on account of, due to • *Omuwuuli wa mwogo agwire ansi olwa kukerwa.* The cassava pounder has fallen down due to exhaustion.

**olwo** [see *o* 3 ]

**oma** *(okw)oma* v.tr. *omere* to dry • *Ebiduuma byomere.* The corns have

# dried.

**ombeera** *(okw)ombeera* v.tr. *omebereire* to shout for • *Abanywi ba malwa bakutwombeera.* The drunkards are shouting for us.

**omboka** *(okw)omboka* v.tr. *ombokere* (a) to build, to construct• *Yomboka enyumba ya nkoko.* Build a chicken shed. (b) to restore • *Kisai okwomboka eidembe omu iyanga.* It is good to restore peace in a country.

**omi** (e.g. *mwomi, boomi*) adj. (a) alive • *Ababyaire bange bakyali boomi.* My parents are still alive. (b) healthy, vibrant, vivid • *Abaana bakuboneka nga boomi.* The children look healthy.

**omuno** [see also *muno*] adv. more, mostly • *Okutaka ki omuno?* What more do you want?

**omwe** adv. that way, into this direction • *Oceyamaani ayabire omwe.* The chairman has gone that way.

**omwo** [see *o* 3 ]

**(-)ona** pro. (a) all • *Boona baliwo.* They are all present. (b) also, too, as well • *Obuseege bwona bukairikya omuntu.* Poverty also makes one look old.

**onda** *(okw)onda* v.intr. *ondere* to become emaciated, to loose weight • *Oyondere muno weena!* You have become emaciated!

**ondera** *(okw)ondera* v.intr. *ondeire* to go after, to follow, to trail • *Yondera oku bayabire okuseenya enkwi.* Follow the ones who went to collect firewood.

**ondi**<sup>1</sup> pro. another, other • *Leeta ani omuntu owondi.* Bring another person here.

**ondi**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *mwondi, akondi, abandi*) adj. emaciated, slim, abnormally thin, skeletal • *Akabbuli akondi kaigire omu nyumba.* An emaciated kid has entered the house.

**Onganzi** *Onganzi* n.1a name given to Isabanyala • *Onganzi waiswe amaamaare!* Long live our king!

**ongera** *(okw)ongera* v.tr. *ongeire* (a) to add, to increase • *Nyongeraku oku mpiiya.* Please give me more money. (b) to continue (with), to go ahead, to proceed • *Yongera okusimoola nka n'okwendya.* Go ahead and say what you want.

**ongerya** *(okw)ongerya* v.tr. *ongeirye* to add more, to increase • *Nyongeryaku caayi.* Give me more tea.

**ongesa** *(okw)ongesa* v.tr. *ongesere* (a) to twist, to twine • *Omuyiigi yayongesere ebisubi n'akola omugwa.* The hunter twisted the grass and made a rope. (b) to weave (a rope) • *Twabe twongese emiguwa.* Let's go and weave ropes.

**ongobera** *(okw)ongobera* v.intr. *ongobeire* (a) to wither, to dry up, to wilt • *Ebiyimba byange byongobere.* My beans have withered. (b) to be sad, to feel sorrow • *Abaikali bayongobeire ng'omwiraabwe afiire.* The elders were sad because of the death of their colleague.

**ongosa** *(okw)ongosa* v.tr. *ongosere* to weave (a net or rope) • *Akwongo-* *sa kitimba.* He is weaving a net.

**oni** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**onka** *(okw)onka* v.tr. *onkere* (of a baby) to breastfeed, to suck • *Omwana akwonka eibere lya maamwe.* The child is sucking her mother's breast. **onkya** *(okw)onkya* v.tr. *onkyerye* (of a mother) to breastfeed, to feed (a baby) with milk from the breast • *Abakali ba biro bini tibendya kwonkya baana.* Women these days do not want to breastfeed children.

**onoka** *(okw)onoka* v.intr. *onokere* (a) to burst • *Omupiira gwa motoka gwonekere.* The car tyre has burst. (b) to be torn, to get torn • *Olugoye lwa Alena lwonokere.* Alena's clothes are torn.

**onola** *(okw)onola* v.tr. *onoire* to tear • *Yonola olugoye lwamwe obone kye yakola.* Tear her shirt and see what she will do.

**onza** *(okw)onza* v.tr. *onzere* to remove fish (from a fishing net) • *Omutegi akwonza obutimba bwamu.* The fisherman is removing the fish from his nets.

**oo** interj. oh yes! (used to confirm something) • *Oo, mwana we!* Oh yes, she is her child!

**oroba** *(okw)oroba* v.intr. *orobere* (a) to abide, to obey • *Yoroba bakutwale, twakwiyayo.* Abide and they take you, we will get you out. (b) to weaken, to deteriorate • *Omwoyo gwange gworobere.* I am weakened spiritually.

**oroora** *(okw)oroora* v.tr. *oroire* (a) to

keep in a cage, to tame • *Ombwene wange mworoora omu nyumba ekiro kyona.* My dog is kept in the cage all day long. (b) to raise (a child), to bring up • *Abakali bamaite okworoora abaana.* Women know how to raise children.

**osa** *(okw)osa* v.intr. *osere* to miss, to be absent • *Kibbi omwana okwosa n'atayaba oku isomero.* It is bad for a child to miss going to school.

**ota** *(okw)ota* v.tr. *otere* (a) to warm oneself (by the fire) • *Ka nyabe nyote omuuro omulombe gundi kubbi.* Let me go and warm myself, the coldness is too much. (b) **ota (e)isana** to sunbathe, to bask (in sunshine) • *Tukwaba kwota isana.* We are going to sunbathe.

**otwo** [see *o* 3 ]

**ovakedo** *ovakedo* n.1a <from En.> avocado (fruit and tree) • *Twabe tuniine omu musaale gwa ovakedo.* Let's go and climb the avocado tree. **oveni** *oveni* n.9/10 <from En.> oven • *OSusan ateire enyama omu oveni.* Susan has put meat into the oven.

**ovulo** *ovulo* n.9/10 <from En.> overalls, protection coat • *Omakanika azwaire ovulo yaamwe.* The mechanic is wearing his overalls.

**owa** *(okw)owa* v.tr. *owere* (a) to empty (of water), to remove (water) • *Tandika okwowa amaizi omu lyato.* Start removing water from the boat. (b) to clean (a well) • *Mwize twowe eizuba.* Let's go and clean the well. (c) to unroof • *Enyumba yange ekairiki-* *re nkwaba kujoowa.* My house is old, I am going to unroof it.

**owange** interj. my dear! (used to express surprise) • *Owange! Timmaite kikwaba omu maiso.* My dear, I do not know what is going on.

**oya** *(okw)oya* v.tr. *oyere* to crave, to long for, to desire • *Omukali wa nda abba akwoya muwogo ogwoce.* A pregnant woman is craving roasted cassava.

**oyeerya** *(okw)oyeerya* v.intr. *oyei-*

**P**

**paaka**<sup>1</sup> *(e)paaka* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) national park, game reserve • *E Nakitoma aliyo epaaka ya pyoko.* There is a game reserve of rhinos at Nakitoma. (b) taxi park, parking lot, parking area • *Emotoka muzite omu paaka.* Put the motorcars in the park.

**paaka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)paaka* v.tr. *paakire* (a) to praise, to express admiration for, to speak highly of • *Abanyala bapaaka muno Ojegenge waabwe.* The Banyala praise their king a lot. (b) to flatter • *Abakumupaaka nibo baamuleetera obusuume.* It is those who are flattering him that have caused him trouble.

**paala** *(oku)paala* v.intr. *paire* (a) to disperse hurriedly, to run in all directions • *Abantu baapaire ebbomu ni yavugire.* People dispersed hur*rye* to be driven by ill intentions • *N'ogaine okusoma olina ekikwoyeerya.* There must be ill intentions behind your refusal to go to study. **oyiro** *oyiro* n.9 <from En.> motor oil, engine oil, lubricant, lubrication, grease • *Emotoka terimu oyiro.* There is no oil in the vehicle. **oyo** [see *o* 3 ]

**oza** *(okw)oza* v.tr. *ozere* to wash (laundry) • *Yayozere ekooti.* She washed the coat.

riedly when the bomb exploded. (b) to run away from home • *Omwala ni yatoire enda, yapaire n'omwojo waamwe.* The girl who got pregnant ran away from home with her boy.

**paalamenti** *(e)paalamenti* n.9/10 <from En.> parliament • *Ayakairemu oku bukwenda bwa paalamenti.* He has gone through as the member of parliament.

**paalunka** *(oku)paalunka* v.intr. *paalunkire* to pop • *Osoyabini n'akala apaalunka.* When soya bean seeds get dry, they pop.

**paapa** *(o)paapa* n.1a/2 <from En.> pope • *Opaapa niye akuura Abakatuliki ab'Ekirooma.* The pope is the head of the Roman Catholics.

**paapaali** [see *ipaapaali*]

**paaruka** *(oku)paaruka* v.intr. *paarukire* (a) to be in excess, to increase

• *Emiwendo gya mafuta gipaarukire.* The cost of fuel has excessively increased. (b) (of sun) to shine brightly with a lot of heat • *Eisana lipaarukire.* It is very hot.

**paasi** *(e)paasi* n.9/10 <from Sw.> iron (a device for smoothing clothes), flat iron • *Igeerya ani epaasi ngolole olugoye.* Bring the flat iron, and I will iron my cloth.

**Paasika** *(e)paasika* n.9/10 <from Sw.> Easter Sunday • *Naizayo oku Paasika.* I will come there on Easter Sunday.

# **paasikalamu** [see *pasipalamu*]

**paasipoota** *(e)paasipoota* n.9/10 <from En.> passport • *Ayabire kufuna paasipoota.* He has gone to get a passport.

**paatiika** *(oku)paatiika* v.tr. *paatiikire* (a) to patch, to put a patch on • *Ekiteeteeyi yakipaatiikereku ekiwero.* She patched her dress with a piece of cloth. (b) to slander, to denigrate, to bash • *Bakumupaatiikaku ebigambo.* They are slandering him. (c) to nickname, to give a nickname to, to call by a nickname • *Omusomesa bamupaatiikire eibara lya Kadomola.* The teacher was nicknamed Kadomola.

**paatiikaku** *(oku)paatiikaku* v.tr. *paatiikireku* to falsely accuse • *Omusumba bamupaatiikereku emisango.* The pastor was falsely accused of the offences.

**paawunda** *(e)paawunda* n.9/10 <from En.> pound, pound sterling • *Empiiya yazimuwereire mu paawu-* *nda.* He gave him money in pounds. **paaya** *(oku)paaya* v.tr. *paayire* to slap, to smack, to strike • *Paaya omusaiza oyo oluyi.* Slap that man.

**paaza** *(oku)paaza* v.tr. *paazire* to increase (a price), to hike • *Abavugi ba takisi bapaaza ebisale bya ntambula mu biseela bya Sekukulu.* The taxi drivers hike up transport fares during the Christmas season.

**pacula** *(oku)pacula* v.tr. *pacwire* (a) to slap hard, to strike, to punch • *OSengonzi baamupacwire oluwi.* Sengonzi was slapped hard. (b) to cut a piece of • *Mpacuuraku akasusu ka musaale ogwo.* Cut for me a piece of the bark from that tree.

**Padre** *(o)Padre* n.1a/2 <from Latin> priest (of the Catholic church) • *Aba Nkokonjeru babaleeteire oPadre.* They have brought a Catholic priest for Nkokojeru church.

**pai pai pai** ideo. used to express intensity • *Baamusuunyire pai pai pai.* He was caned thoroughly.

**paikula** *(oku)paikula* v.tr. *paikwire* to beat hard, to strike, to batter • *Yamupaikwire oluyi n'azwamu amaino.* He beat him thoroughly and he lost his teeth.

**paipu** *(e)paipu* n.9/10 <from En.> pipe • *Epaipu ya maizi edomokere.* The water pipe got a hole.

**pajama** *(e)pajama* n.9/10 <from En.> underwear, underpants • *Abasaiza bazwala epajama.* Men wear underpants.

**paka** prep. till, until, up to • *Tinaize*

*paka nga oikire.* I won't come until you arrive.

**pakala** *(oku)pakala* v.intr. *pakaire* to rattle, to clatter, to clink • *Ekidomola kyali kikupakalambe oku gaali.* The jerry can was rattling against the bicycle.

**pakasa** *(oku)pakasa* v.intr. *pakasire* to work for wages • *Yayabire mu Amerika kupakasa.* He went to America to work as a casual labourer.

**pakira** *(oku)pakira* v.tr. *pakiire* <from En.> (a) to load, to pack, to fill • *Osukaali mupakire ku loole.* You load sugar onto the lorry. (b) to pack, to stow, to put away • *Ensawo ngipakiiremu empiiya.* I packed money into a sack. (c) to usher (passengers in a vehicle) • *Pakira abatambuli mu takisi.* Usher the passengers into the taxi.

**pakiti** *(e)pakiti* n.9/10 <from En.> packet, pack • *Nguurayo epakiti ya sigala.* Buy for me a packet of cigarette.

**pakula** *(oku)pakula* v.tr. *pakwire* to snatch, to take away without permission • *Yampakwireku omuyembe gwange.* He snatched my mango from me.

**pakuli** *(e)pakuli* n.9/10 bowl, dish • *Teeka emere omu pakuli tugabule abageni.* Put the food in the dish and we will serve the visitors.

**pakulula** *(oku)pakulula* v.tr. *pakulwire* to offload, to unload, to remove • *Pakulula ensawo ezo ku motoka.* Offload those sacks from the vehicle.

**pala** [see also *mukapa*] *(e)pala* n.9/10 rubber tree (*Hevea brasiliensis*) • *Omusaale gwa pala guzwamu obulembo. Hevea brasiliensis* produces rubber.

**palala** *(oku)papala* v.intr. *papaire* (a) to stridulate • *Ekinyenze kipalaire ni kyaaba.* A cricket stridulated and flew away. (b) (of a motorcycle) to roar noisily • *Epikipiki ekupalala.* A motorcycle is roaring noisily.

**palampa** *(oku)palampa* v.tr. *palampire* to climb, to go up • *Omwana akupalampa omusaale akwiza kugwa.* The child who is climbing a tree will fall down.

**paleedi** *(e)paleedi* n.9/10 <from En.> parade, procession, march • *Abaana bali oku paleedi.* The children are on parade.

**paliyamenti** *(e)paaliyamenti* n.9 <from En.> parliament • *Paliyamenti nirwo lukiiko lwa bakwenda.* The parliament is the meeting of the people's representatives.

**pamba** *(e)pamba* n.9/10 <from Persian via Sw.> cotton • *Abantu ba Nakasongola baluma muno opamba.* People from Nakasongola grow a lot of cotton.

**pamiti** *(e)pamiti* n.9/10 <from En.> driving permit, permit, authorisation, license • *Ka nfune epamiti ekunyikirizisya okutambulya ente.* Let me get a permit that allows me to move with cattle.

**pampa** [see *pamba*]

That man grew a lot of cotton.

**pampaata** *(oku)pampaata* v.intr. *pampaatire* to grope, to feel blindly, to fumble around • *Omu mulikiirya omuntu apampaatambe.* People just grope about in darkness.

**pampu** *(e)pampu* n.9/10 to pump • *Ngulisya epampu ya maizi.* Sell to me a water pump.

**panga** *(oku)panga* v.tr. *pangire* <from Ar. via Sw.> (a) to arrange • *Panga emisaale egyo.* Arrange those trees. (b) to come up with, to think up • *Mwirange tofaayo tukwiza kupangapanga.* My darling take heart, we will come up with something.

**pangisya** *(oku)pangisya* v.tr. *pangisirye* (a) to hire, to lease, to eploy, to engage • *Amaare okupangisya emotoka.* She has already hired a car. (b) to rent • *Ati akupangisya enyumba omu Kayunga.* He is now renting a house in Kayunga.

**papa** *(oku)papa* v.intr. *papire* (a) to act hurriedly, to be in a rush • *Musaiza we opapira muno!* You man, you act so hurriedly! (b) to panic, to be alarmed, to lose one's nerve • *Ni yamboine n'atiina n'atandika okupapa.* When he saw me, he got scared and started to panic.

**papaaluka** [see *papaaruka*] <Lunyala>

**papaaruka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)papaaruka* v.intr. *papaarukire* to fly (away) hurriedly, to run away, to run off • *Onkowu apapaalukire.* A guinea fowl flew away hurriedly.

**papala** *(oku)papala* v.intr. *papaire* (of a bird) to flap wings • *Ekinyonyi kikupapala.* The bird is flapping its wings.

**papankula** *(oku)papankula* v.tr. *papankwire* to take without permission, to steal • *Lwaki opapankwire egaali ya bandi?* Why did you take somebody's bicycle without permission?

**paracuuti** *(e)paracuuti* n.9/10 canoe • *Eparacuuti ya Kabongera ekutoonya.* Kabongera's canoe leaks.

**parajooki** (e.g. *luparajooki*) adj. one who borrows a lot from others • *Olunyala lulimi luparajooki.* Lunyala borrows a lot from other languages. **pararya** *(oku)pararya* v.intr. *parairye* (of termites) to come in small quantity during the harvest season • *Enswa zaaparairyembe.* Flying ter-

mites just came in small quantity. **pasipasi** ideo. completely, entirely, totally • *Ensawo agipakiire pasipasi.* He has filled the sack completely.

**pasipalamu** *(e)pasipalamu* n.9/10 <from En.> paspalum grass, crowngrass • *Tukusimba pasipalamu mu kisaawe.* We are planting paspalum on the field.

**pasuka** *(oku)pasuka* v.intr. *pasukire* (of a sesame) to open, to split • *Amacande gapasukire.* The sesame has opened.

**pata** *(e)pata* n.9/10 <from Sw.> door hinge • *Olwige luteekwa okubbaaku epata.* A door must have a door hinge.

**patana** *(oku)patana* v.tr. *pataine* <from Sw.> to come to terms, to come to an agreement, to reach an understanding (esp. with regard to work) • *Nje mmaare okupatana olubbimbi.* As for me, I already reached an agreement for work.

**paturo** *(e)paturo* n.9 <from En.> patrol, guard, watch, monitoring • *Epikipiki ya paturo eyakairewo ani.* The patrol motorcycle has passed here.

**pawuda** *(o)pawuda* n.9/10 <from En.> powder (a cosmetic), face powder • *Pawuda yadubire.* Face powder is out of fashioned.

**pawunda** *(e)pawunda* n.9/10 <from En.> pound sterling • *Abajungu bakolesya pawunda.* The British use pound sterling.

**payini** *(e)payini* n.9/10 <from En.> pine tree • *Payini musaale gusai.* The pine is a good tree.

**peeka** *(oku)peeka* v.tr. *peekere* to pester, to demand incessantly • *Omukali akumpeeka tukyle ewaabwe.* The woman is pestering me to visit their home.

**peeni** *(e)peeni* n.9/10 <from En.> pen • *Abeegesya bakolesya peeni egiyooki okugolola ebitabo by'abeegi.* Teachers always use red pen to correct the pupils' work.

**peeruuka** *(oku)peeruuka* v.intr. *peeruukire* to become pale • *Olususu lwamwe lupeeruukire.* Her skin became pale.

**peesa** *(e)peesa* n.9/10 <from Hindi via Sw.> button • *Nteera epeesa oku* *bbulawuzi.* Fix for me the button on my blouse?

**peevumenti** *(e)peevumenti* n.9/10 <from En.> pavement, sidewalk • *Yamubbandiire ku peevumenti.* He hit him on the pavement.

**peka** *(oku)peka* v.tr. *pekere* (a) to chase, to pursue, to run after • *Peka onkoko oyo okwikya ni wamukwata.* Chase that hen until you catch it. (b) to send away • *Omwojo oyo oitewaamwe yamupekere eka.* That boy was sent away from home by his father. **pekuka** *(oku)pekuka* v.intr. *pekukire* to talk nonsense, to say irrelevant things• *Akupekuka na bigambo.* She is talking nonsense. (a) to hurry, to rush • *Akupekuka kusanga motoka.* He is hurrying to catch a vehicle. (b) (of a heart) to beat fast • *Omwoyo gukumpekuka.* My heart is beating fast.

**penati** *(e)penati* n.9/10 <from En.> penalty kick • *Bakusimulangana penati.* They are shooting a penalty kick.

**Penetensiya** *(e)Penetensiya* n.9 Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation (one of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church) • *Akwega sakalamento ya Penetensiya.* He is studying the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation.

**peneti** [see *penati*]

**pensoni** *(e)pensoni* n.9 pension, retirement (benefits) • *Akyali kutunga pensoni yaamwe.* He has not yet got his pension.

**pentekooti** *(e)pentekooti* n.9 Pentecost • *Omwoyo akwera yaniinukire ku lunaku lwa pentakooti.* The holy spirit descended on the Pentecost day.

**peremulo** <Ruruuli> *(o)peremulo* n.1a/10 evil spirit • *Eperemulo ziita abantu.* Evil spirits kill people.

**petero** [see also *lucwamba*] *(o)petero* n.1a *Cynodon dactylon* (Bermuda grass, couch grass)

**petula** *(oku)petula* v.tr. *petwire* to separate stones from the grains • *Abakali bayabire kupetula biyimba.* The women have gone to separate stones from the beans.

**peturooli** *(e)peturooli* n.9 petrol, gasoline, fuel, gas• *Emotoka ezimwei zaabamu peturooli.* Some vehicles use petrol.

**piika** *(oku)piika* v.tr. *piikire* (a) to put into, to pour into • *Piika amaizi mu cupa.* Pour the water into the bottle. (b) to give an excessive amount (e.g. food) • *Omwana owa kadoko baamupiika emere.* A greedy child is given an excessive amount of food.

**piisipiisi** *(e)piisipiisi* n.9/10 screwdriver • *Epiisipiisi yange ekairikire.* My screwdriver is worn out.

**piitiika** *(oku)piitiika* v.tr. *piitiikire* (a) to stuff, to cram in carelessly • *Lwaki okupiitiika ebintu ebingi omu kasiika akadooli?* Why do you cram many things in a small room? (b) to write without spacing letters • *Leka kupiitiika bigambo.* Stop writing

words without spacing them.

**pika** *(oku)pika* v.intr./tr. *pikire* (a) to reach, to arrive at • *Mpikire omu lweru.* I have reached clear waters. (b) to pump up, to add air pressure • *Pika omwika omu gaali.* Pump up the bicycle tyre. (lit. Add air pressure to the bicycle tyre.)

**pikiirya** *(oku)pikiirya* v.tr. *pikiriirye* (a) to pester, to annoy with persistent requests • *Mumupikiirye ayabe.* You pester him to go away. (b) to incite, to encourage, to stimulate, to instigate, to provoke • *Lwaki okupikiirya abaana balwane?* Why are you inciting the children into fighting?

**pikipiki** *(e)pikipiki* n.9/10 <from Sw.> motorcycle • *Omukali akuvuga epikipiki.* A woman is riding a motorcycle.

**pima** *(oku)pima* v.tr. *pimire* (a) to measure • *Pima enyumba yaamu.* Measure the size of your house. (b) to survey (land) • *Abasaveya bakupima eitakali lyange.* The surveyors are surveying my land.

**pini** *(e)pini* n.9/10 <from En.> pin (earpin, nose pin) • *Ataire akapini oku kutwi.* He has put an ear pin in the ear.

**pinka** *(o)pinka* n.1a pink colour • *Esapatu zange za pinka.* My sandals are pink.

**pipa** *(e)pipa* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> drum, canister, barrel, tank • *Amaizi gasuke omu pipa.* Pour the water into the drum.

**pipira** *(oku)pipira* v.intr. *pipiire* (a)

to hobble (b) (of a faulty engine) to sputter, to pop • *Epikipiki ekupipira.* The motorcycle engine is sputtering. **pipirya** *(oku)pipirya* v.intr. *pipiriirye* to escape, to break out, to break free, to free oneself • *Omusaiza baamubbwere baitu yapipiryangambe.* A man was tied with a rope, but he freed himself.

**pirikita** *(oku)pirikita* v.intr. *pirikitire* to glitter, to shine, to sparkle, to twinkle, to glimmer • *Emotoka egiyaaka epirikita.* A new car shines.

**pirimpa** *(oku)pirimpa* v.intr. *pirimpire* to run very fast, to bolt, to sprint • *Osobola okupirimpa ekikumi?* Can you run a hundred meters? **pirimpya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)pirimpya* v.tr. *pirimpirye* to chase, to pursue, to run after, to follow • *Yapirimpirye omwibbi okwica ni yamukwaite.* He chased the thief swiftly till he caught him.

**pirimpya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)pirimpya* v.intr. *pirimpirye* to run at a terrific speed, to bolt, to sprint • *Omwana waamu amaite okupirimpya ekikumi.* Your child knows how to sprint one hundred meters.

**piripiiya** *(oku)piripiiya* v.tr. *piripiiyire* (a) to drill, to bore, to bore a hole in • *Piripiiya olubaawo oluteemu ekiwulu.* Drill the timber. (b) to rub sticks together to make fire • *Akupiripiiya leke ayakye omuuro.* He is rubbing the sticks together in order to make fire. (c) to administer an enema, to give an enema • *Omwana bamupiripiiyire n'atandika okuwuluka.* They have administered an enema to the child, and he started passing stool.

**piririya** *(o)piririya* n.1a <from archaic> gin

**piryapirya** *(oku)piryapirya* v.intr. *piiryepiirye* to glitter, to shine, to sparkle, to twinkle, to glint, to gleam, to shimmer, to glimmer • *Bona eisana likupiryapirya.* Look at the sun, it is shining.

**pisito** *(e)pisito* n.9/10 <from En.> pistol • *Episito mbundu gidooli.* A pistol is a small gun.

**pitirya** *(oku)pitirya* v.intr. *pitiirye* to walk in an exhausted way • *Mwirange lwaki okupitirya?* My dear, why are you walking as if you were exhausted?

**piyano** *(e)piyano* n.9/10 <from En.> piano • *Naani amaite okuzeenya epiyano.* Who knows how to play the piano?

**poka** *(oku)poka* v.tr. *pokere* (a) to pump • *Mwabe mupoke amaizi gaize.* Go and pump the water. (b) to fill (with air using a pump), to pump (with air) • *Akupoka omwika omu gaali.* He is pumping air into the bicycle tire. (c) to pack, to put things in, to package • *Mupoke engoye zange omu kutiya.* Pack my clothes in the bag.

**poliisi** *(e)poliisi* n.9 <from En.> (a) police force • *Epoliisi ya Uganda ekola emirumu gingi.* The Ugandan police does many things. (b) police station • *Ekitebe ekikulu kya poliisi ya*

*Uganda kiri Nagulu.* The main police station in Uganda is in Nagulu.

**pooca** *(oku)pooca* v.intr. *poocerye* to suffer, to be in pain • *Baagwire oku butandu era atibuni bali mu irwaro bakupooca.* They had an accident and now they are in the hospital suffering.

**pooliyo** *(o)pooliyo* n.1a <from En.> poliomyelitis, polio • *Oyo mulwaire wa pooliyo.* That one is a poliomyelitis patient.

**ppu** ideo. (a) sound of a falling object, sound of a thud • *Omusaale gwagwire ppuu!* The tree fell heavily. (b) **ppu na ppu** from time immemorial • *Ppu na ppu abakali tibaalyanga nkoko.* From time immemorial women have not been eating chicken.

**pulaani** *(e)pulaani* n.9/10 <from En.> plan, blueprint, diagram • *Eni nigyo pulaani ya nyumba yange.* This is the plan of my house.

**pulasita** *(e)pulasita* n.9/10 <from En.> plaster (for cuts and wounds) • *Ta epulasita oku kyoya.* Dress your wound with a plaster.

**pulesa** *(e)pulesa* n.9 <from En.> high blood pressure • *Ekiica kitamba epulesa.* The fruit of the sausage tree cures high blood pressure.

**puligaatooli** *(e)puligaatooli* n.9 <from En.> (Catholic) purgatory • *Omwoyo gwa rufa gukyali mu puligaatooli.* The spirit of the late is still in the purgatory.

**puliida** *(o)puliida* n.1a/2 <from En.> pleader, defending lawyer • *Yasabire*

*omulamuli amwikirize yekeere afune opuliida.* He requested the judge to first allow him to get a pleader.

**pulofeesa** *(o)pulofeesa* n.1a/2 <from En.> professor • *Omukoli wa pulofeesa mwasaamiiri.* The professor's worker is irresponsible.

**puloguramu** *(e)puloguramu* n.9/10 <from En.> program • *Ninje mujugiriza wa puloguramu eni.* I am the coordinator of this program.

**puloti** *(e)puloti* n.9/10 <from En.> plot, piece of ground, allotment • *Epuloti yange gigazi.* My plot is big. **pulula** *(oku)pulula* v.intr. *pulwire* to have severe diarrhoea • *Omwana mulwaire, akupulula.* The child is sick, he is having severe diarrhoea.

**pupula** *(oku)pupula* v.intr. *pupwire* (of a stomach) to grumble, to growl, to rumble • *Enda ya mwana ekupupula okuzwa mambya.* The child's stomach has been grumbling since morning.

**pupulya** *(oku)pupulya* v.intr. *pupwirye* to bubble • *Amaizi gatandikire okupupulya.* The water has started bubbling.

**purezidenti** *(o)purezidenti* n.1a/2 <from En.> president • *Uganda ebbaire na bapurezidenti baingi.* Uganda has had many presidents.

**puruka** *(oku)puruka* v.intr. *purukire* (a) (of a bird) to escape, to flee • *Akanyonyi kapurukire.* The bird has escaped. (b) to have diarrhoea • *Omwana akupuruka abbaire ki?* What has happened to a child who is having

# diarrhoea?

**purunjuka** *(oku)purunjuka* v.intr. *purunjukire* (of a bird) to evade capture • *Akanyonyi kapurunjukire ni kaaba.* A bird evaded capture and flew away.

**pusi** *(o)pusi* n.1a/10 <from En.> cat **puucu** *(o)puucu* n.1a/10 pangolin • *Opuucu abba wa nsoni muno.* The pangolin is a shy animal.

**puula** *(oku)puula* v.intr. *puire* to throb with pain, to ache • *Eriino likumpuula muno.* The tooth is aching a lot.

**puulinka** *(oku)puulinka* v.intr. *puulinkire* (a) to burst, to split open, to explode • *Omupiira gupuulinkire.* The ball has burst. (b) to explode, to burst • *Ebbomu epuulinkire.* The bomb has exploded. (c) to escape, to run away, to flee, to break away • *Omubbwe apuulinkire.* The prisoner has escaped. (d) to get out hurriedly • *Lwaki omusaiza oyo akupuulinka okuzwa mu nyumba?* Why is that man hurriedly getting out of the house?

**puuluula** *(oku)puuluula* v.tr. *puulwire* (a) to thrash, to hit grains or seeds out of husks • *Omaama akupuuluula obwita omu lubuga.* My mother is threshing corn in the courtyard. (b) to beat severely, to thrash, to batter • *Bamupuulwire emiigo.* They severely beat him. (c) to beat the dust out of • *Akupuuluula ebbulangiti.* He is beating the dust out of the blanket.

**puumuka** *(oku)puumuka* v.tr. *puumukire* release, to discharge • *Emotoka ezikaire zipuumuka omwika ogusiisa obutonde.* Old cars release thick fumes, which destroy the environment.

**puumuula** *(oku)puumuula* v.tr. *puumwire* to strike heavily, to hit, to beat • *Ekiitimba mukipuumuule emiigo.* Strike the python heavily.

**puupa** *(oku)puupa* v.intr. *puupire* (a) (of fish) to go bad • *Encwi zipuupa nga zirwirewo.* The fish go bad when they are not used for too long. (b) fish that has gone bad • *Omulondo bamukwaite nga akutunda puupa.* The fisherman was caught selling fish which has gone bad.

**puuya** *(oku)puuya* v.tr. *puuyire* to smear (with cow dung) • *Emambya nkwaba kupuuya nyumba yange.* Tomorrow I am going to smear my house with cow dung.

**pwa** ideo. in a manner of a shattered object • *Egiraasi egwire ansi n'eyatika pwa.* The glass fell down and broke completely. very talkative

• *ONakakaawa ata pwa pwa pwa.* Nakakaawa is very talkative.

**pwanya** *(oku)pwanya* v.tr. *pwanyire* to skewer, to put (on a skewer) • *Pwanya enyama eni oku nsaale.* Put this meat on the skewer.

**pyeketa** *(oku)pyeketa* v.tr. *pyeketere* to winnow, to remove chaff from grain using a winnower • *Ndi ani nkupyeketa muwemba gwange.* I am here winnowing my sorghum.

**pyoko** *(o)pyoko* n.1a/10 rhinoceros, rhino • *Opyoko abba mukooto era wa*

*iyembe limwei.* The rhinoceros is a big animal and has one horn.

# **R**

**raaka** *(oku)raaka* v.intr. *raakire* (of fish) to spoil, to go bad • *Encwi ziraakire.* The fish has spoilt.

**raara** [see *laala*]

**raatya** *(oku)raatya* v.tr. *raatirye* to put under warm ashes (e.g. food, to be kept for later use), to put under cover, to hide • *Tumaare okulya mwabe muraatye emere eni.* We have finished eating, so go and put the food under warm ashes.

**radiyo** [see *ladiyo*]

**ragaana** [see *lagaana*] <Ruruuli> **ragaanisya** [see *lagaanisya*] <Ruru-

uli>

**Ramanzaani** *Ramanzaani* n.9/10 Ramadan • *Omusiraamu odi ali mukwezi kwa Ramanzaani.* That Moslem is observing the month of Ramadan.

**ramya** *(oku)ramya* v.tr. *ramirye* to pray, to worship • *Mwije turamye oKanca.* Come and let's pray to God. **rangi** [see *langi*]

**rapya** *(oku)rapya* v.intr. *rapirye* (a) to roam, to wander, to ramble • *Abaana ba ku nguudo barapya omu kibuga buli kiro.* The street children roam the city every day. (b) to fornicate, to have sexual intercourse with someone one is not married to • *Omwala oyo atandikire okurapya.* That girl

has started to fornicate.

**raranga** *(oku)raranga* v.intr. *rarangire* to go into exile • *Abaitire oMagara bararangaire.* Those who killed Magara went into exile. to spread, to propagate • *Ekigambo kya mukama ni kyaba kyeyongera okuraranga.* The word of God continued to spread.

**rarangya** *(oku)rarangya* v.tr. *rarangirye* to spread (information), to disseminate, to make public, to make known • *Nani oyo akurarangya amawuuro ga kufa?* Who is spreading the news of death?

**revurandi** *(o)revurandi* n.1a/2 <from En.> Reverend (form of address to members of the clergy)

**riino** <Ruruuli> *(e)riino* n.5/6 tooth • *Eriino likumuluma.* He has a toothache.

**riiso** *(e)riiso* n.5/6 (a) eye • *Amaiso gaamwe gakooto.* His eyes are big. (b) bud (of a tree) • *Omusaale gwirye amaiso.* The buds of the tree have sprouted. (c) concave container used to keep grease for bicycles in case of emergency (d) vanilla bean, vanilla pod • *Ovanila ataireku amaiso.* The vanilla is bearing beans.

**rindukya** [see *lindukya*] <Ruruuli>

# **rofu** [see *lofu*]

**roka** *(oku)roka* v.tr. *rokere* to sprout, to germinate • *Emwani zirokere mangu.* The coffee seedlings have sprouted quite fast.

**rokya** *(oku)rokya* v.tr. *rokerye* (a) to beat thoroughly, to give a good thrashing • *Oyo bamurokeryembe.* They have beaten him thoroughly. (b) to prune trees to allow good sprouts to grow • *Abalimisya batusomeserye okurokya ebikonge.* The agricultural officers taught us how to prune trees in order to allow new sprouts to grow.

**roobaroobana** *(oku)roobaroobana* v.tr. *roobaroobaine* to be covered with, to be immersed • *Omwana aroobaroobaine ebinyangata.* The child is covered in mud.

**rookarooka** [see *lookalooka*] <Ruruuli>

**Rubango** *(o)Rubango* n.1a the person believed to be the ancestral father of the Banyala and Baruuli • *Abaruuli n'Abanyala baizukulu ba Rubango.* The Baruuli and the Banyala are Rubango's grandchildren.

**rubazo** [see *lubazo*]

**rubbabbya** [see *lubbabbya*] <Ruruuli>

**rubbanga** *(o)rubbanga* n.1a type of spirit, god • *Orubbanga tasimoola, baitu agaba emikisa.* Rubbanga does not speak, but he gives blessings.

**rubingo** [see *lubingo*]

**rubogo** *(o)rubogo* n.1a/2 brown male

animal (a bull or he-goat) • *Orubogo wa maama bamutwaire.* Mother's brownish bull is taken.

**rubona** adv. (a) red-handed • *Namukwaite rubona n'omukamusaiza.* I caught him red-handed with a married woman. (b) eyewitness, observer, witness • *Niiwe oli rubona?* Are you an eyewitness?

**rubuga** [see *lubuga*] <Ruruuli>

**rucwamba** [see *lucwamba*] <Ruruuli>

**rudigido** [see *ludigido*] <Ruruuli> **rufa** *(o)rufa* n.1a/2 dead person, corpse, dead body, the deceased • *Orufa bakumuleeta leero.* They are bringing the corpse today.

**rufu** [see *lufu*]

**ruga** *(oku)ruga* v.intr. *rugire* to give up, to surrender • *Bairaba ntobere n'ensi, baitu tinagirugeku.* My dear, I have toiled in this world, but I am not giving up.

**rugaazu** *(o)rugaazu* n.1a/10 male animal (a bull or he-goat) with a brownish skin • *Ni nayakaire ebibuulyo ni bampa orugaazu wa nte.* When I passed the exams, they gave me a brown bull.

**Rugaba** <Ruruuli> *(o)Rugaba* n.1a God • *ORugaba otuwaire enjura omwaka guni.* God has blessed us with rain this year.

**rugabo** *(o)rugabo* n.1a/2 bull with black and white or brown and black patches • *Orugabo wa nte aboneka kusai.* Rugabo looks good.

**rugangamairu** *(o)rugangamairu*

n.1a one of the gods among the Banyal and the Baruuli

**rugenyi** [see *lugenyi*] <Ruruuli>

**rugondo** *(o)rugondo* n.1a/2 striped white and brown bull • *Orugondo odi munamukooto.* That spotted white and brown bull is very big.

**rugoobe** *(o)rugoobe* n.1a/2 striped black and brown cow • *Orugoobe ataamu emyalaalo.* Rugoobe has black and brown stripes.

**ruguru** adv. (a) north, toward the north, to the north • *Yayabire ruguru.* He went to the north. (b) upward, upwards, up, to the top, skywards• *Ayabire ruguru.* He has gone upwards.

**ruguura** *(oku)ruguura* v.tr. *ruguire* to surround, to besiege • *Mweruguure enyumba mumubbwe.* Surround the house and arrest him.

**ruguurya** *(oku)ruguurya* v.tr. *ruguuriirye* (a) to wrap around, to coil around, to encircle, to surround • *Ruguurya akakosi kani oku mutwe.* Wrap around this string on the head. (b) to rotate • *Omwana akuruguurya nziga ya gaali.* The child is rotating the wheel of the bicycle.

**Ruhanga** [see *Ruwanga*]

**rujumba** *(o)rujumba* n.1a/10 brown and black chicken • *Orujumba tumuwaire omulwaire.* We have given a brown and black chicken to a sick person.

**rukerenge** *(o)rukerenge* n.1a/10 greyish bull • *Yaguure onte orukerenge.* He bought a greyish bull. **rukome** [see *lukome*]

**rukondo** *(o)rukondo* n.1a/10 bull with horns growing forward • *Tuboine onte rukondo.* We have seen a bull with horns growing forward.

**rukorogo** [see *lukorogo*]

**rukuba** *(o)rukuba* n.1a thunder • *Orukuba omuwuliire n'abalukire?* Did you hear the thunder?

**rukungo** [see *lukungo*]

**rukurato** *(o)rukurato* n.11 council, meeting, assembly, parliamentary session • *Orukurato lubbairemu abantu badooli.* There were few people in the meeting.

**rukuumanfuuzi** [see *rukuumansuuzi*] <Lunyala>

**rukuumansuuzi** <Ruruuli> *(o)rukuumansuuzi* 1a/2 person who cares for the orphans • *Eriya niye rukuumansuuzi.* Eriya is the person who cares for the orphans.

**rula** *(o)rula* n.11 lineage • *Orula lwamu lwafiire.* That child is from my lineage.

**rulemba** *(o)rulemba* n.1a/10 bull with black or brown skin and white dotted patches • *Orulemba yamutundire akakaire kamwei n'omsorongo.* He sold a "rulemba" for over one million.

**rumaada** [see *lumaada*]

**rumanyo** [see *lumanyo*]

**rungira** [see *lungira*] <Kiryandongo>

**runguura** [see *lunguura*] <Ruruuli> **runguwa** *(oku)runguwa* v.tr. *runguwire* (a) to sort (objects), to sort out • *Omu bintu ebyo runguwamu ebyamu.*

Sort out your things from those ones. (b) to discriminate against • *Abaguuda barunguwa abooro.* The rich discriminate against the poor.

**rungwarungwa** *(oku)rungwarungwa* v.intr. *runguwirerunguwire* to walk absent-mindedly, to walk preoccupied • *Omukaire oyo lwaki akurungwarungwa.* Why is that old woman moving in an absent-minded way?

**runwa** *(o)runwa* n.11 quarrelsomeness, argumentativity • *Omukali oyo wa runwa.* That woman is quarrelsome.

**Ruruuli** *(o)Ruruuli* n.11 the Ruruuli language • *Oruruuli n'Olunyala ziisaanangana.* Ruruuli and Lunyala are similar.

**rusa** *(o)rusa* n.1a/10 greyish bull or he-goat • *Ombuli orusa ayakaire ani.* A greyish he-goat has passed here.

**rusara** *(o)rusara* n.1a/10 bull or he-goat with saggy horns hanging downwards • *ODamali yatiinanga onte orusara.* Damali used to be afraid of a bull with saggy horns.

**rusuzi** *(o)rusuzi* n.1a/10 (a) genet • *Orusuzi alya enkoko.* The genet eats hens. (b) undomesticated cat, wild cat, feral cat • *Orusuzi amaliire enkoko zange.* The undomesticated cat has eaten all my chicken.

**rutaara** *(o)rutaara* n.1a/10 bull with horns pointing sideways • *Orutaara wa nte bamwendya muno.* Rutaara is liked so much.

**rutanga** *(o)rutanga* n.1a/10 bull or

he-goat with black-and-white spotted skin

**rutimba** *(o)rutimba* n.1a/10 greyish bull with stripes

**ruuba** <Ruruuli> *(oku)ruuba* v.tr. *ruubire* (a) to mix, to blend, to mingle, to combine • *Omwomboki yaruubire oseminti n'omusenyu ale n'ayamboka omwomo.* The builder mixed cement with sand before building the wall. (b) powdered millet with yeast • *Oruuba niye ayisya malwa.* The powered millet with yeast is the one used to make finger millet beer. **ruubya** <Ruruuli> *(oku)ruubya* v.tr. *ruubirye* to mix (with), to stir (with or into), to mix up • *Ruubya osukaali omu matai.* Mix milk with sugar.

**ruutya** *(oku)ruutya* v.tr. *ruutirye* to throw, to cast away, to toss away • *Ruutyayo eibbaale eryo.* Throw away that stone.

**ruuya** *(oku)ruuya* v.tr. *ruuyirye* (a) to wrap • *Ruuya akaveera ako oku kimuli.* Wrap that flower with a polythene bag. (b) to wind a rope around (e.g. a pole) • *Ruuya omuguwa oku kikondo.* Wind the rope on the pole. **ruwaasi** [see *luwaasi*] <Ruruuli>

**Ruwanga** *(o)Ruwanga* n.1a God • *Oruwanga atuwaire enjura.* God has blessed us with rain.

**ruzeru** *(o)ruzeru* n.1a/10 white male cow, goat • *Aguure onte oruzeru.* He bought a white male cow.

**rwandagada** *(o)rwandagada* n.1a/2 very tall person • *OKaye ata rwandagada.* Kaye is very tall.

**rwarwangula** *(oku)rwarwangula* v.tr. *rwarwangwire* to sound an alarm, to make a very loud alarm • *Naani akurwarwangula enduulu?* Who is making such a loud alarm?

**rwata** *(o)rwata* n.1a/2 cold-hearted person • *Barwata baingi mu nsi muni.* There are many cold-hearted people in this world.

**rwatamaato** *(o)rwatamaato* n.1a/10 strong wind on lakes • *Orwamaato ayatirye obwato.* The strong wind has broken the boats.

**rweindula** *(o)rweindula* n.1a/2 untrustworthy person, trustless person

• *Muteesiga mukali oyo kubba ata rweyindula.* Don't trust the woman because she is untrustworthy.

**Rwenzori** *(o)Rwenzori* n.1a the Rwenzori Mountains range • *Aniinire olusozi lwa Rwenzori.* He has climbed the Rwenzori Mountains. **rwito** [see *lwito*]

**rwodama** *(oku)rwodama* v.intr. *rwodaime, rwodamire* to squat, to crouch (down), to sit on one's heels • *Omukali arwodaime oku nzira.* The woman is squatting alongside the road.

**rwozi** *(o)rwozi* n.1a black bull or hegoat

**ryabuukiirya** *(oku)ryabuukiirya* v.intr. *ryabuukiriirye* to act recklessly • *Lwaki oryabuukiirya buliizo?* Why do you do things recklessly every now and then?

# **S**

**saabaana** *(oku)saabaana* v.tr. *saabaine* (a) to be generously smeared with, to be stained all over with • *Omwana asaabaine amagita.* The child is smeared with a lot of jelly. (b) to be drunk

**Saabadikoni** *(o)Saabadikoni* n.1a/2 archdeacon (of the Church of Uganda) • *OSaabadikoni niye akuura obusaabadikoni.* The archdeacon is the head of the archdeaconry.

**saabala** *(oku)saabala* v.tr. *saabaire* to embark, to get onto (a car or bus) • *Eryato erisabalya abantu tiririna kutambulya mbuli.* A boat which

carries people should not be used to ferry goats.

**saabo** *(o)saabo* n.1a mud • *Epaipu ezwire osaabo.* The pipe clogged with mud.

**saaga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)saaga* v.intr. *saagire* (a) to remain, to stay (behind) • *Nasaagire lwakubba nabbaire mulwaire.* I stayed behind because I was sick. (b) to be in surplus, to be left over, to be omitted, to be left out • *Bateire ebintu omu nyumba ebindi bisaagire.* They have put things into the house, and some have remained.

**saaga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)saaga* v.intr. *saagire* to tell jokes, to crack jokes • *Abaana bakusaaga.* The children are telling jokes.

**saakaala** *(oku)saakaala* v.intr. *saakaire* (of voice) to be hoarse • *Lwaki eiraka lyamu lisaakaire?* Why is your voice hoarse?

**saako** [see also *kigoodo*] *(e)saako* n.9/10 <from En.> circle, ring

**saala** *(e)saala* n.9/10 prayer• *OMusiita niye atandikire esaala.* It is Musiita who started the prayer.

**saali** *(e)saali* n.9/10 <from En.> saari (a traditional rectangle of woven cloth) • *Aguure ekikooyi ekya kika kya saali.* She bought a saari undergarment.

**saalirwa** *(oku)saalirwa* v.tr. *saaliirwe* to feel bad about, to be disappointed, to be sorry/regretful • *Nsaaliirwe nyajirye motoka endekere.* I was disappointed that by the time I arrived the bus had left.

**saaliza** *(oku)saaliza* v.tr. *saaliize* to make someone feel a desire for something, to admire • *Obusai bwamwe bumusaaliza.* He admires her beauty.

**saama**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)saama* v.tr. *saamire* (a) to process (bark cloth), to make (bark cloth) • *Abanyala basaamanga embugo.* The Banyala used to make barkcloth. (b) (of a caterpillar with a thorn-like spike) to spike • *Mbaire nkwakalawo ensaamo n'ensaama.* The caterpillar spiked me when I was passing by.

**saama**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)saama* v.tr. *saamire* to castrate • *Iza onsaamire onte wange.* Come and castrate my bull.

**saamula** *(oku)saamula* v.tr. *samwire* to push (away) • *Ekikere bakisamwire enzai wa nyumba.* They pushed a frog outside of the house.

**saamulya** *(oku)saamulya* v.tr. *saamwirye* to splash, to splatter • *Saamulya ebinyangata ebyo.* Splash that mud.

**saamuuka** *(oku)saamuuka* v.intr. *saamuukire* to splash, to splatter, to spray • *Amaizi gasaamuukire ku lugoye.* The water has splashed onto the cloth.

**saana** *(oku)saana* v.tr. *saine* (a) to be obliged, to be required, to should

• *Osaine okwiza omu lukiiko eigolo yaleero.* You are obliged to come to the meeting this afternoon. (b) to be suitable, to deserve, to be worthy of, to be entitled to, to have a right to • *Osaana kubba mukama.* You are suitable to be a leader.

**saani** *(e)saani* n.9/10 plate • *Leeta esaani tuliireku emere.* Bring the plates and let's eat food.

**saaniika** *(oku)saaniika* v.tr. *saaniikire* to cover (food with leaves) • *Saaniika emere n'endagala.* Cover the food with banana leaves.

**saanikira** *(oku)saanikira* v.intr. *saanikiire* to cover, to put cover on • *Saanikira oku nsuwa.* Cover the pot, please.

**saanira** *(oku)saanira* v.tr. *saaniire* to be worthy of, to deserve, to be suitable for, to be fit for, to suit, to merit •

*Edward asaaniire okubba puresidenti.* Edward is suitable to be a president.

**saanirya** *(oku)saanirya* v.tr. *saaniirye* (a) to make level, to make smooth, to put straight • *Olubuga olwo lusaanirye.* Level that courtyard. (b) to straighten out (a situation), to pacify, to settle

**saanuuka** *(oku)saanuuka* v.intr. *saanuukire* (a) to melt, to become liquefied by heat • *Ebibango n'obyoca n'omuuro ogwingi bisaanuuka.* When you heat the ore with very high temperatures it melts. (b) **(e)nzoka saanuuka** to have sharp abrupt abdominal pain • *Enzoka zinsaanuukire omu kida.* I've got sharp abdominal pain. **saanuula** *(oku)saanuula* v.tr. *saanwire* to melt, to liquefy by heat • *Nkusaanuula kidomola.* I am melting a jerry can.

**saanya** *(oku)saanya* v.intr. *saanyire* (a) to swim • *Abaana bakusaanya.* The children are swimming. (b) (of a pot) to be damaged during baking • *Ebinaga bya murundi guni byasaanyire.* The pots were damaged during baking.

**saara**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)saara* v.tr. *saare* (a) to cut • *Abaibbi baasaare ewaya za simu.* Thieves cut the telephone cables. (b) to prune • *Nkwaba kusaara bigogo byange.* I am going to prune my banana plants.

**saara**<sup>2</sup> <Ruruuli> *(oku)saara* v.intr. *saare* to taste bitter • *Ekigagi kisaara muno.* Aloe vera is a very bitter plant.

**saarwa** *(oku)saarwa* v.tr. *saarwe* to regret, to be sorry about • *Ndina okusaarwa kubba taizire.* I regret that he didn't come.

**saasa** *(oku)saasa* v.tr. *saasire* (of a body part) to hurt, to ache • *Ekida kikunsaasa muno.* I have abdominal pain. (lit. The stomach hurts me.)

**saasaana**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)saasaana* v.intr. *saasaine* to dawn, (of a day) to begin • *Twaikire obwire bukusaasaana.* We arrived at dawn. (lit. We arrived when it was dawning.)

**saasaana**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)saasaana* v.intr. *saasaine* to disperse, to scatter • *Abantu basaasaine omukolo guweire.* The function has come to an end and the people have dispersed.

**saasira** *(oku)saasira* v.tr. *saasiire* (a) to forgive, to pardon, to feel no resentment toward, to feel no malice toward, to harbour no grudge against • *Saasiranga akukoore okubbi.* Forgive whoever has wronged you. (b) to have pity to, to show compassion for • *Kisai okusaasira abantu abalwaire.* It is good to show compassion for the sick.

**saati** *(e)saati* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) shirt • *OKasando azwaire esaati egitukuliki.* Kasando is wearing a red shirt. (b) **saati ya mikono gimpi** short-sleeved shirt • *Aboojo bazwala saati ya mikono gimpi.* Boys wear short-sleeved shirts. (c) **saati ya mikono girai** long-sleeved shirt • *Abasaiza bazwala saati za mikono girai.* Men wear long-sleeved shirts.

**saawa**<sup>1</sup> *(e)ssaawa* n.9/10 (a) time, moment, period • *Okwira saawa imeka?* At what time are you coming? (b) clock, watch • *Esaawa ya ku mwomo gikooto.* The wall clock is big.

**saawa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)saawa* v.intr. *saawire* to cut grass using a slasher, to slash natural vegetation as a way of clearing land • *Saawa oku lubuga lwange.* Slash my compound.

**saawasaawa** adv. as expected, expectedly • *Aikire saawasaawa.* She has arrived as expected.

**saawula** *(oku)saawula* v.tr. *saawiire* to remove (bush, to vegetation), to slash (bush), to clear bush • *Saawula ekisiko ekyo obutakala Sande.* Clear that bush by Sunday.

**saayansi** *(o)saayansi* n.1a <from En.> science • *Nkusoma saayansi oku kyegeseryo.* I am studying science at the university.

**saayiirya** *(oku)saayiirya* v.tr. *saayiirye* (a) to repair, to mend, to fix • *Saayiirya enziga ya gaali yange.* Repair my bicycle wheel. (b) to improve, to modernise, to redecorate, to renovate • *Okwo okujuguta kwobaza kwali kusaayiiryemu.* The kind of metal forging you are talking about has been improved. (c) to clear (land, plot) • *Akusaayiirya ndumiro yaamwe.* He is clearing his garden. (d) to edit, to clean up • *Saayiirya ekideero kyaiswe.* Edit our dictionary please. **saayiriirya** *(oku)saayiriirya* v.tr. *saayiriirye* to trim, to cut • *Yaba osaayiriirye eisoke lyamu.* Go and trim

your hair.

**saba** *(oku)saba* v.tr. *sabire* (a) to ask for, to request • *Saba ky'okutaka nkikuwerye.* Ask for what you want, and I'll give it to you. (b) to pray to • *Emambya nkwaba kusaba oKanca.* Tomorrow I am going to pray to God. (c) to ask to marry, woo away (by following the traditional official courtship of the Baruuli and Banyala) • *Ayabire kusaba kaana ka nkoko.* He has gone for the courtship ceremony. (lit. He has gone to ask for a chic.)

**sabbaawa** *(e)sabbaawa* n.9/10 (a) machine gun (b) target shooting • *Omutaani wange amaite okukubba esabbaawa.* My son knows how to shoot at a target.

**sabbiiti** *(e)sabbiiti* n.9/10 (a) week • *Abbaire ani sabbiiti giramba.* He has been here for a full week. (b) the Sabbath • *Esabbiiti ebbaawo Lwamukaaga.* The Sabbath is on Saturday. **sabbuuni** *(o)sabbuuni* n.1a <from Ar. via Sw.> soap • *Osabbuuni oni tayoza kusai.* This soap doesn't clean well. **sabiirya** *(oku)sabiirya* v.ditr. *sabiriirye* to beg, to ask for, to plead for • *Wete tokerwa kusabiirya sente omaama waamu ?* Don't you get tired of begging your mother for money? **sabika** *(oku)sabika* v.tr. *sabikire* to wrap, to cover e.g. in paper • *Sabika ekitabo kyamu.* Wrap your book. **sabula** *(oku)sabula* v.tr. *sabwire* (a) to dress smartly, to put on smart clothes • *Asabula engoye ezisai.* She

dresses smartly. (b) to whip, to lash • *Namusabwire emiigo.* I whipped him.

**sabuleenya** *(o)sabuleenya* n.1a/10 Nile perch

**sadaaka** *(oku)sadaaka* v.tr. *sadaakire* (a) to offer a sacrifice, to offer or kill as a religious sacrifice • *Abasiraamu bataka muno okusadaaka.* Muslims like offering sacrifices. (b) sacrifice, ritual slaughter, offering • *Yazwalikire esaadaka y'entama edi oKanca.* He sacrificed a sheep to God.

**safaali** *(e)safaali* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> journey, trip, tour • *Ayabire safaali.* He has gone on a journey.

**sagala** *(oku)sagala* v.intr. *sagaire* to be loose, to be slack, to wiggle • *Omukira gwa ntaama gusagala.* The sheep's tail wiggles.

**sagali** (e.g. *gisagali, musagali, bisagali*) adj. loose, detached, unfastened • *Emisumaali gya entebe eyo gisagali.* The nails of that chair have become loose.

**sagalya** *(oku)sagalya* v.intr./tr. *sagairye* (a) to shake • *ONakalebe akusagalya nsansi.* What's-her-name is playing the shakers. (lit. What's-hername is shaking the shakers.) (b) to wiggle, to let loose • *Akusagalya kabina.* She is wiggling her bum. (c) to rustle speedily • *Omuswi gusagalya nga gukwakala mu bisubi.* The cane rat rustles speedily when it runs through grass.

**sagaruka** *(oku)sagaruka* v.intr. *sagarukire* to be joyful, to jubilate, to rejoice • *Oku mbaga abantu basagaruka.* People rejoiced during the wedding.

**sagaruki** (e.g.*sagaruki, basagaruki*) adj. joyous, cheerful, jolly • *Yasweire omukali omusagaruki.* He married a joyous wife.

**sagika** *(oku)sagika* v.tr. *sagikire* to support, to help, to aid, to assist, to contribute to • *Abanyara musagike enteekaniza ya kujwigisya OLunyala.* The Banyara should support the program for the development of the Lunyala language.

**sai** (e.g. *kisai, musai, lusai*) adj. good, nice, kind, beautiful, handsome • *Oli mukali musai.* You are a nice woman.

**saisula** *(oku)saisula* v.tr. *saiswire* to destroy (a bird's nest) • *Owambooli asaisula ebinyumba bya kisyo.* A black kite destroys the weaverbird's nest.

**saisulya** *(oku)saisulya* v.tr. *saiswirye* (a) to release, to untie, to unwind • *Yaba osaisulye ombuli odi.* Go and unwind that goat. (b) to separate, to take apart, to break up • *Yaba osaisulye badi abakulwana.* Go and separate those who are fighting.

**saisya** *(oku)saisya* v.tr. *saisirye* to release (a prison) • *Omubbwe bamusaisirye.* The prisoner has been released.

**saiza** (e.g. *kisaiza, bisaiza, gusaiza*) adj. male • *Omupaapaali ogusaiza gutaaku obapaapaali budyoli.* A male pawpaw plant yields tiny pawpaws.

**saizaala** [see *saizaala*] <Buyende> **saizakula** *(oku)saizakula* v.intr. *saizakwire* (of a boy) to become an adult • *Abbaire musigazi baitu ati asaizakwire.* He was a boy, now he has become an adult.

**saizi** *(e)saizi* n.9/10 <from En.> size • *Esaizi yaamwe tingimaite.* I don't know her size.

**sajuwala** *(oku)sajuwala* v.intr. *sajuwaire* to fatten, to get heavier, to grow fatter • *Onkoko asajuwaire.* The chicken has fattened.

**saka** *(oku)saka* v.tr. *sakire* (a) to dig (a hole or a pit), to excavate, to mine, to drill (e.g. for oil) • *Baasakire ekiina mu nzira abantu nebafeeramu.* They dug a hole in the road, and it killed people. (b) to dig up (e.g. potatoes) • *Omukali ayabire mu ndumiro kusaka biyaata.* The woman has gone to the garden to dig up potatoes.

**sakaara** *(oku)sakaara* v.tr. *sakaire* (a) to thatch, to cover (a roof or a building) with straw or a similar material • *Boojo musakaare enyumba.* Please, thatch the house. (b) to roof, to cover with roof • *Bakusakaara di enyumba?* When are they roofing the house?

**sakalamento** *(e)sakalamento* n.9/10 <from En.> sacrament • *Namaare esakalamento ya kubatizibwa.* I received the sacrament of baptism.

**sala** *(oku)sala* v.intr./tr. *saare* (a) to cut, to slice • *Sala ofene oni ebitundu bisatu.* Cut the jackfruit into three parts. (b) (of a tool) to be sharp • *Enso-* salali

*ne eni ekusala muno.* This knife is very sharp. (c) to slaughter • *Nkwaba kusala nkoko.* I am going to slaughter a hen. (d) to put marks, to draw a boundary • *Sala erayini omu kisaawe.* Put marks in the playground. (e) to make a loss, to make losses, to incur losses • *Ebyaitundi byeyasubwire byamusaare.* He made losses from his merchandise. (f) to ask for a price, to agree on a bride price • *Bamusaliire omutwalo gwa nyana ikumu.* He was asked to pay a bride price worth ten heifers. (g) to determine a fine, to be fined • *Bamusaliire emitwalo asatu.* She was fined for three hundred thousand. (h) to officiate (a game), to referee • *Odiifiri amaite okusala omupiira.* (i) The referee knows how to officiate a football match. (of an animal) to be on heat, to be in heat • *Onte wange asaare.* My cow is on heat.

**salakata** *(oku)salakata* v.intr. *salakatire* (of water) to boil, to simmer • *Amaizi gatandikire okusalakata.* The water has started simmering.

**salala** *(oku)salala* v.intr. *salaire* (of root tubers) to become watery (as a result of being left for too long in the ground) • *Ebiyaata ni bisalala tibiwooma.* When potatoes are spoilt, they lose the taste.

**salali** (e.g. *gusalali, bisalali, kasalali*) adj. (of root tubers) spoilt • *Omwogo ogusalali ni bw'ogusumba tigugonda.* No matter how long you cook the spoilt cassava, it does not soften.

**salalumuka** adv. speedily, quickly • *Emirumo ogikola salalumuka.* You do your work speedily.

**salamu** *(oku)salamu* v.tr. *saaremu* to partition, to divide, to split • *Salamu ekisiika ekyo ebitundu bibiri.* Partition the room into two parts.

**salasaita** *(oku)salasaita* v.intr. *salaitire* to rustle • *Ombwene akusalasaita omu bigogo.* The dog is rustling in the banana plantation.

**salasaitira** *(oku)salasaitira* v.intr. *salaisaitiire* to trespass • *Obwoine okusaraitira nka nekuli okubbi?* Have you learnt how bad trespassing is? **salasala** *(oku)salasala* v.tr. *saaresaare* to chop, to cut up • *Salasala obbiriŋanya oyo.* Chop those eggplants. **salawo** *(oku)salawo* v.tr. *saarewo* to decide, to determine • *Salawo ekyakukola.* Decide on what to do.

**salaza** *(oku)salaza* v.tr. *salaize* to hurt (a person), to offend, to hurt someone's feelings • *Ekigambo kye bamukobere kimusalaize.* He has been hurt by what he has been told. **saliira** *(oku)saliira* v.tr. *saliriire* (a) to carve, to cut • *Yasaliriire olubaawo.* He carved the wood. (b) **saliira (a)kalera** to cut (the umbilical cord) • *Omubyalisya asaliira akalera.* The midwife cuts the umbilical cord.

**saliirya** *(oku)saliirya* v.intr. *saliriirye* to be biased, to judge unfairly, to pass an unfair judgment on, to judge unjustly • *Diifiri asaliriirye omupiira.* The referee unjustly judged the football.

**salinkiirya** *(oku)salinkiirya* v.intr. *salinkiriirye* to take a shortcut • *Ngodi akusalinkiirya takutaka tumubone.* There he is taking a shortcut to avoid being seen.

**saluti** *(e)saluti* n.9/10 <from En.> salute • *Omeja bamukubbiire esaluti.* The major was saluted. (lit. They have made a salute for the major).

**sama** *(oku)sama* v.tr. *samire* to make an incision (for treatment purposes or to draw blood) • *Nayabire wa musami n'ansama emisale n'antaamu omubazi.* I went to the healer who made an incision in the skin and put herbs in it.

**samba** *(oku)samba* v.intr./tr. *sambire* (a) to stamp, to clomp • *Yasambire oku itakali ne tuloowoza nti mbundu.* He stamped hard and we thought it was a gunshot. (b) to kick • *Yasambire olwige nirwegula.* He kicked the door open. (c) to extract banana juice by treading banana with one's feet (d) to trample (soil in order to make it soft before making bricks), to tread on • *Abakubbi ba bbulooka basamba eitakali.* Brick makers tread on the soil. (e) to wean off (by kicking the calf) • *Onte akusamba onyana.* The cow is weaning off the calf. (f) (of birds) to fight • *Enkoko zikusambangana.* The chickens are fighting. (g) **samba omupiira** to play football • *Mbadi bakusamba mupiira.* They are there playing football.

**sambagala** *(oku)sambagala* v.intr. *sambagaire* to thrash about, to

thrash around, to jerk • *Onsya ni bamusumitire yasambagaire.* After the duiker was speared, it thrashed around.

**sambangana** *(oku)sambangana* v.intr. *sambanganaine* to do kickboxing • *Omuzeenyo gwa kusambangana gubbi.* Kickboxing is bad.

**sambatiira** *(oku)sambatiira* v.tr. *sambatiriire* to frequent, to visit regularly, to be a regular visitor to • *Ye okwaba kusambatiira maka ga naani?* Whose home are you frequenting like that?

**sambiira** *(oku)sambiira* v.tr. *sambiriire* to trod on • *Mulekerawo okusambiira ekisambaganyi kyange?* What are you treading on my mat?

**sambula** *(oku)sambula* v.intr. *sambwire* to clear fields• *Tuli ampi okusambula.* We are about to clear the fields.

**samuka** *(oku)samuka* v.intr. *samukire* (of rain) to ease up, to abade, to subside • *Oikendi asamukire.* The rain has eased up.

**sanda** *(e)sanda* n.9/10 <from Sw.> cloths used to bury Muslims • *Abasiraamu orufa bamubbwa mu sanda.* Dead Muslims are wrapped in sanda. **sandaala** *(oku)sandaala* v.intr. *sandaire* (a) to be full to the brim • *Ekikopo kisandaire.* The cup is full to the brim. (b) to be very satiated (with food) • *Akaana kaliire ni kasandaala, tikakyataka kweyongera nyama.* The child is so satisfied that he does not want any more meat.

**sandabuki** [see also *sanduuke*] *(e)sandabuki* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> suitcase • *Nta n'esandabuki ibiri omu nyumba yange.* I have two suitcases in my house.

**sandabula** *(oku)sandabula* v.tr. *sandabwire* to untie (e.g. shoe laces), to unlock • *Sandabula enkaito ozitoolemu.* Untie the shoes and remove them.

**sandaiga** *(oku)sandaiga* v.tr. *sandaigire* (a) to make light incisions into the skin • *Omufumu amusandaigire omubazi.* He has made a light incision to administer medicine. (b) to put a border on (a mat) • *Omukali akusandaiga mukeeka gwamwe.* A woman is putting a border on her mat.

**Sande** *(e)Sande* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) Sunday • *Abamupolotesitanti baramya ku Sande.* The Protestants pray on Sunday. (b) week • *Naiza mu sande ekwiza.* I will come next week. **sanduuke** *(e)sanduuke* n.9/10 <from Ar. via Sw.> (a) suitcase, case (b) coffin, casket, sarcophagus • *Abafu babaliika omu sanduuke.* The dead are buried in coffins.

**sanduuki** [see *sanduuke*]

**sanga** *(oku)sanga* v.tr. *sangire* (a) to meet, to encounter, to run into • *Nakusanga Irima.* I will meet you at Irima. (b) to find • *Abamagye bakwata obwato bwe basanga oku nyanja.* The soldiers confiscate boats they find on the lake.

**sangula** *(oku)sangula* v.tr. *sangwi-*

*re* to erase, to remove, to delete • *Sangula ebigambo ebyo.* Erase those words.

**saniya** *(e)saniya* n.9/10 <from Sw.> tray • *Enyama gisuke oku saniya.* Put the meat on the tray.

**sanja** *(e)sanja* n.5 dry banana leaf **sanju** num. seven • *Mmetere emirundi musanju nga takunnyega.* I called him seven times, but he did not answer me.

**sansaliga** *(oku)sansaliga* v.intr./tr. *sansaligire* (a) to be scattered • *Ebitabo byange byasansaligire.* My books are scattered. (b) to spread out • *Sansaliga obwita oku kyanikiro.* Spread out the millet on the drying place.

**sansuurya** *(oku)sansuurya* v.tr. *sanswirye* to scatter, to spread, to distribute • *Yasansuurye engoye zaamwe zoona zoona omu kisiika baitu tiyaboinemu paasipoota yaamwe.* He scattered his clothes all over the room but failed locate his passport.

**sanyalala** *(oku)sanyalala* v.intr. *sanyalaire* to be numb, to grow stiff, to feel paralysed • *Okugulu kwange kusanyalaire.* My leg has become numb.

**sanyuka** *(oku)sanyuka* v.intr. *sanyikire* to be glad, to be happy • *Nkwiza kusanyuka nga ekideero kya Ruruuli-Lunyala kiweire.* I will be happy when the Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary is completed.

**sanyuki** (e.g. *musanyuki, basanyuki, tusanyuki*) adj. happy, joyous, cheerful • *Omulabirizi musanyuki.* The

bishop is happy.

**sanyusa** *(oku)sanyusa* v.intr./tr. *sanyusire* (a) to be interesting • *Oruruuli n'oLunyala zisanyusa.* Ruruuli and Lunyala are interesting languages. (b) to entertain, to please • *Ayabire kusanyusa bantu.* She has gone to entertain people.

**sanzira** *(oku)sanzira* v.intr. *sanziire* to make a joke, to jest, to speak in a joking way • *Oibawange asanzira muno n'abaana.* My husband loves to make jokes with children.

**sapatu** *(e)sapatu* n.9/10 <from Port. via Sw.> sandal, slipper • *Esapatu ezo nziguliire isenga wange.* I have bought a pair of sandals for my aunt. **sapuli** *(e)sapuli* n.9/10 <from French via En.> chaplet (a string of beads), rosary • *Omukatuliki azwaire esapuli.* A catholic is wearing a rosary.

**saraara** *(oku)saraara* v.intr. *saraire* to be numb • *Ekisambi kyange kisaraire.* My thigh is numb.

**sarala** [see *salala*]

**sarali** (e.g. *musarali, kisarali, gisarali*) adj. (of root tubers) spoilt • *Omwogo ogusarali ni bw'ogusumba tigugonda.* No matter how long you cook the spoilt cassava, it does not soften. **sasamalya** *(oku)sasamalya* v.tr. *sasamairye* to incite, to encourage, to stimulate, to instigate, to provoke • *Lwaki osasamalya abantu?* Why are you inciting people?

**sasambula** *(oku)sasambula* v.tr. *sasambwire* to peel off • *Leeta ensone tusasambule emole.* Bring a knife and

let's peel off reeds.

**sasika** *(oku)sasika* v.intr. *sasikire* to flower, to blossom, to bloom • *Omusaale gusasikire muno.* The tree has flowered a lot.

**sasira** *(oku)sasira* v.tr. *sasiire* to sprinkle • *Omubazi guni gusasire omu irembo lyamu.* Sprinkle these herbs in the way right in front of your house.

**sasula** *(oku)sasula* v.ditr. *saswire* to pay back, to pay, to repay • *Ka nkusasule empiiya z'okuntonga.* Let me pay you the money I owe you.

**satu** (e.g. *basatu*) num. three • *Wenyayo abategi nka basatu b'omaite.* Mention about three fishermen you know.

**satuka** *(oku)satuka* v.intr. *satukire* to crack, to split, to fracture • *Ekikopo kya ibbumba kisatukire.* The cup has cracked.

**saayansi** *(e)sayansi* n.9/10 <from En.> science • *Omwana n'asoma osaayansi asobola okufuuka dokita.* When a child studies sciences he can become a doctor.

**sayiri** *(o)sayiri* n.1a/10 type of peas (smaller than cow peas)

**sayirira** *(oku)sayirira* v.intr. *saayiriirye* to smoothen, to make smooth

• *Kolesya akacuuli onsayiriirye eryato lyange.* Use the sandpaper to smoothen for me my boat.

**sebo** *(o)sebo* n.1a/2 sir • *Sebo nkukobere amazima?* Sir, should I tell you the truth?

**secungwa** *(o)secungwa* n.1a/10

grapefruit • *Osecungwa abba mukooto baitu tanuliirya.* The grapefruit is big but not sweet.

**seda** *(e)seda* n.9 Passover Seder (a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover)

**seebeeka** *(oku)seebeeka* v.tr. *seebeekere* to steam (e.g. greens) on top of food, to add on top • *Onakati museebeeke ku kinaga.* Put nakati on the food parcel to steam it.

**seebeeke** (e.g. *giseebeeke, guseebeeke, ziseebeeke*) adj. steamed (e.g. food) • *Ntaka okulya omukubi oguseebeeke.* I like eating steamed sauce.

**seega** *(oku)seega* <sup>1</sup> v.intr. *seegere* (b) to become poor, to become miserable, to be stricken with disease, to endure a prolonged illness • *Abantu ba kuni baseegere olwa isana okwita ebintu byabwe.* The people here became poor due the drought which destroyed all their crops.

**seega**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)seega* v.tr. *seegere* to shake • *Omwana ngodi akuseega enseege.* The child is shaking the shakers.

**seegerya** *(oku)seegerya* v.intr./tr. *seegeirye* (a) to grind (using the whole surface of a grinding stone) • *Sya ng'okuseegerya emengo ereke kwizamu kiina.* Grind using the whole surface so that no dent forms on the grinding stone. (b) to start a dance with slow graceful movements • *Ng'okwaba okubina, sooka kuseegerya.* Whenever you are going to dance, start slowly.

**seegula** *(oku)seegula* v.intr. *seegwire* to speak vulgarly, to speak using bad language • *Waaliwo omusaiza eyaseegulanga.* There was a vulgar man who used to speak vulgarly.

**seeka**<sup>1</sup> *(o)seeka* n.1a/2 <from Ar.> sheikh (a leader in a Muslim community or organization) • *Omuzigiti gwa waiswe teguta na seeka.* Our mosque does not have a sheikh.

**seeka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)seeka* v.intr. *seekere* to become emaciated, to loose weight (due to illness) • *Omwala oni alwaire n'aseeka.* This girl fell sick and lost weight.

**seeneena** *(oku)seeneena* v.intr. *seeneenere* to become exhausted, to abate, to subside diminish, to disappear • *Osabbuuni wange aseeneenere.* My soap is used up.

**seenya** *(oku)seenya* v.tr. *seenyere* (a) to burn • *Omuuro guseenyere enyumba yoona eweirewo.* The fire has burnt down the entire house. (b) to eat a lot • *Baitu omusaiza wange aseenya emere!* My dear, my husband eats a lot of food! (c) to beat thoroughly, to give a good thrashing • *Omwibbi mmuseenyere omwigo olwa kwibba onte.* I have beaten a thief with a stick for stealing a cow. (d) to destroy (e) to collect (firewood) • *Tibaseenyere nkwi, ati tibakusobola kusumba mere yaabwe.* They didn't collect firewood, and now they cannot cook their food. (f) **seenya (e)nkwi** to collect firewood (idiom. to pull

labia minora) • *Ni basuna amabeere, ni baseenya enkwi.* When they develop breasts, they start lengthening their labia minora. (Lit. When they develop breasts, they start collecting firewood.)

**seenyuuka** *(oku)seenyuuka* v.intr. *seenyuukire* (of hair or beard) to change colour due to malnutrition or illness • *Eisoke lya mwana liseenyuukire.* The child's hair has changed its colour.

**seerera** *(oku)seerera* v.intr. *seereire* to be slippery • *Enzira ekuseerera.* The road is slippery.

**seeseetuka** *(oku)seeseetuka* v.intr. *seeseetukire* (a) to slip, to slide, to fall off/down, to become loose, to swerve (b) to attain another level, to reach another level (c) to change one's mind • *Opurezidenti yaseeseetukire omu ndowooza.* The president has changed his mind.

**seetula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)seetula* v.tr. *setwire* (a) to cause to move slowly, to push along, to slide along • *Seetula abantu abo baigeereku edi.* Move these people to that end. (b) to push • *Seetula entebe eyoogiirye edi.* Push that chair to that place. (c) to set for grazing • *Yaba oseetule ente.* Go and set the cows for grazing. (d) to dance • *Bona omukali n'akuseetula enkende.* Look at the woman dancing.

**seeyeeya** *(oku)seeyeeya* v.intr. *seeyeeyere* (a) to float, to sail • *Ekidomola kikuseeyeeya ku nyanja.* A jerry can is floating on the lake. (b) to

glide, to hover • *Ebinyonyi bikuseeyeeya mu ibbanga.* The birds are gliding in the air. (c) to drive slowly • *Emotoka ekuseeyeeya ng'ekutwala abagole.* The car is moving slowly carrying the newlyweds.

**sefulya** *(e)sefulya* n.9/10 saucepan • *Leeta esefulya egikooto muno.* Bring the biggest saucepan.

**segenya** *(oku)segenya* v.tr. *segenyere* to winnow • *Segenya obwita tubusye.* Winnow the millet so that we can grind it.

**seju** *(o)seju* n.1a/10 spear grass (*Heteropogon contortus*) or *Imperata cylindrica* • *Oseju asumita muto. N'akula ayomboka manyumba.* Do whatever you are doing while still young. When you grow up, it will be too late. (a proverb, lit. The spear grass pierces while young, when it grows old, it thatches houses.)

**seka** *(oku)seka* v.intr. *sekere* (a) to laugh • *Nkuwuura abantu bakuseka.* I hear people laughing. (b) **seka bimodo** to laugh mockingly • *Oyo akuseka bimodo.* That one is just laughing mockingly at you. (c) (of millet flower) to sprout • *Obwita busekere.* The millet has sprouted.

**sekapulaali** *(e)sekapulaali* n.9/10 scapular (a short monastic cloak covering the shoulders)

**sekeera** *(oku)sekeera* v.tr. *sekereire* to laugh at • *Nkuwuura abantu bakunsekeera.* I hear people laughing at me.

**sekeerya** *(oku)sekeerya* v.intr. *se-*

*kereirye* to smile • *Okusekeerya kukuuma bantu obutakairika.* Smiling keeps people young.

**sekesa** *(o)sekesa* n.1a/10 type of hairy poisonous caterpillar • *Osekesa ankubbire obulungu.* The sekesa caterpillar irritated me with its short stinging hair.

**sekesu** *(o)sekesu* n.1a/10 porcupine • *Osekesu abba n'amasumu oku lususu lwamwe.* The porcupine has thorny body.

**sekoko** *(o)sekoko* n.1a/10 turkey • *Abanayunda tibatera kuliisya sekoko.* Ugandans rarely rear turkeys.

**Sekukulu** *(e)Sekukulu* n.9 Christmas • *Esekukulu ekwika mambya.* Tomorrow is the Christmas day.

**sekula** *(oku)sekula* v.tr. *sekwire* to pound softly (white ants, groundnuts, cassava, maize to remove the husks) • *Sekula amaido tufune omukubi.* Pound the groundnuts so that we can get sauce.

**Sela** *(e)Sela* n.9 Selah (a word used 74 times in the Hebrew Bible, it encourages a reader to have a moment of silence and reflect on the text)

**seleebu** *(o)seleebu* n.1a/2 <from En.> celebrity • *OKaye afuukire seleebu.* Kaye has become a celebrity.

**semba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)semba* v.tr. *sembere* (a) to support (b) to fill (e.g. a crack) • *Nkwaba kusemba biwulu ku lwige.* I am going to fill the door cracks. (c) to recommend, to propose, to nominate • *Naani eyakusembere okutunga omulumu guni.* Who recommended

you to get this job?

**semba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)semba* v.intr. *sembere* to come last, to arrive last, to be last • *Omwegi eyasemba teyafuna kitwo.* A student who comes last will not get a gift.

**sembayo** *(oku)sembayo* v.intr. *sembereyo* to come last• *Oteekeera, baitu sembayo.* Don't come first, instead come last.

**sembera** *(oku)sembera* v.intr. *sembeire* (a) to come near, to come close, to approach • *Sembera ani nkuweeweetere.* Come close and I will whisper to you. (b) to receive holy communion • *Abakatuluki bakwaba kusembera.* The Catholics are going to receive holy communion.

**semeerwa** *(oku)semeerwa* v.intr. *semereirwe* to be happy, to be glad, to be pleased • *Nasemereirwe okubona omwana wange nga amaare emisomo gywamwe eya diguli.* I was pleased to see my daughter completing her graduate studies.

**semeerya** *(oku)semeerya* v.intr. *semeirye* to please, to make happy • *Kisai okusemeerya abeegi baamu.* It is good to please your students.

**semera**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)semera* v.intr. *semeire* (a) to be tasty, to be delicious • *Emere eni esemeire.* This food is tasty. (b) to be interesting • *Olunyala lusemera.* The Lunyala language is interesting. (c) to look smart, to be neat • *Mboine omukali asemeire.* I have seen a neatly dressed woman.

**semeza**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)semeza* v.tr. *semeize* to please, to make happy • *Olwembo olwo lunsemeize muno.* That song has really pleased me.

**semeza**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)semeza* v.tr. *semeize* to operate on, to perform a surgical operation on • *Odokita akusemeza omulwaire.* The doctor is operating on the patient.

**semina** *(e)semina* n.9/10 <from En.> seminar, workshop • *Tukwaba omu semina ya byabwomi.* We are going to attend a seminar on health matters.

**seminti** *(o)seminti* n.1a/10 <from En.> cement • *Osobola okwaba oku iduuka n'ogulayo ensawo isaatu eza seminti?* Can you please go to the shop and buy three bags of cement? **semutundu** [see also *mboli*] *(o)semutundu* n.1a/10 *Bagrus docmak* (semutundu, Sudan catfish) • *Abantu baingi bataka okulya osemutundu.* Many people like to eat semutundu fish.

**sena** *(oku)sena* v.tr. *senere* to scoop, to ladle out, to draw out • *Nsenera amaizi omu pipa.* Draw water for me from the drum.

**senda**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)senda* v.tr. *sendere* (a) to push aside, to shove away • *Senda ebisubi biire ku ntando.* Push the rubbish aside. (b) to demolish, to take down, to tear down • *Basendere enyumba za bantu ba Bugoloobi.* They demolished people's houses in Bugoloobi.

**senda**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)senda* v.tr. *sendere* to grade (land) • *Eitakali lya Nanta-* *ba balisendere.* Nantaba's land was graded.

**sendasenda** *(oku)sendasenda* v.tr. *senderesendere* to entice, to persuade, to convince • *Bamusenderesendere n'ayingira omu kisaawe.* He was persuaded to go to the field.

**sendekeerya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)sendekeerya* v.tr. *sendekereirye* to escort, to accompany • *Nkusendekeerya mugeni.* I am escorting a visitor.

**sendekeerya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sendekeerya* v.tr. *sendekereirye* to throw away, to cast away • *Baasendekereirye ebisingo omu mugera.* They threw away the charms into the swamp.

**senga** *(oku)senga* v.intr. *sengere* (a) to settle, to resettle, to occupy • *Abantu baingi basengere omu bitundu bya iyanga byonabyona.* Many people have settled almost in every region of Uganda. (b) (of a man) to move into a woman's house to start a marriage • *Omusaiza yalekerewo amaka gaamwe n'asenga ewa mukali.* The man abandoned his family and moved into another's woman's home. (c) **senga (o)mukama** to turn to God • *Abantu baingi ne basenga oKanca.* Many people turned to God. **sengeeresya** *(oku)sengeeresya* v.tr. *sengeereserye* to take, to bring, to carry, to bear, to transport • *Sengeeresya omwana omaama waamwe.* Take the child to his mother.

**sengeerya** *(oku)sengeerya* v.tr. *sengereirye* (a) to follow, to come behind, to come after, to go behind, to

go after, to walk behind • *Ombwene akusengeerya omukama waamwe.* The dog is following its master. (b) to follow up, to keep track of, to pursue further, to investigate further • *Sengeerya ensonga ezo.* Follow up on those matters. (c) to go and find out, to go see • *Sengeerya omwana nka alwirewo okwira.* Go and find out why the child has delayed.

**sengeiza** *(oku)sengeiza* v.tr. *sengeizere* to strain, to filter, to sieve • *Yasengeizere obuwunga.* She sieved the flour.

**sengeka** *(oku)sengeka* v.tr. *sengekere* to align, to arrange, to put in order, to lay down, to present, to organise • *Sengeka ensonga emwei ku emwei.* Organise the points one by one.

**sengenge** *(e)sengenge* n.9/10 barbed wire • *Bbwa osengenge oku ndumiro ebisolo bireme kusiisa mere yaamu.* Put up barbed wire around the garden to prevent animals from eating your crops.

**sengereerya** *(oku)sengereerya* v.tr. *sengereirye* to apologise to, to say sorry to, to make an apology to, to ask forgiveness • *Yayatirye endabirwamu yange baitu tiyaneesengereirye.* He broke my mirror but did not apologise to me.

**senguka** *(oku)senguka* v.tr. *sengukire* to migrate from, to relocate from, to resettle from, to move from • *Abanyala baasengukire Bunyoro ne baaba omu Bunyala.* The Banyala migrated from Bunyoro and went to

# Bunyala.

**sengula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)sengula* v.tr. *sengwire* to displace, to oust • *Abaguuda tibata na nsoni okusengula abooro.* The rich don't have remorse for displacing the poor.

**sengula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sengula* v.intr. *sengwire* to limp • *Omukali oyo akusengula kubba mulwaire wa kugulu.* That woman is limping because her leg hurts.

**sensa** *(oku)sensa* v.intr./tr. *sensere* (a) to pour • *Sensa amaizi omu nzira leke tuwone ocuucu.* Pour water onto the road to stop the dust. (lit. Pour water onto the road so that we are spared from the dust.) (b) to multiply, to increase , to spead • *Encwi zisensa Kwaisensancwi.* Fish multiplies in May.

**sensaasi** *(e)sensaasi* n.9/10 <from En.> census • *Sensaasi eyaweire tibambaare.* I was not counted during the last census.

**sensebuka** *(oku)sensebuka* v.intr. *sensebukire* to fall apart, to tear into pieces, to break into pieces • *Olugali lusensebukire.* The winnower has broken into pieces.

**sensebula** *(oku)sensebula* v.tr. *sensebwire* to tear into pieces, to break into pieces• *Omwojo asensebwire olugali.* A boy has torn the winnower into pieces.

**senseka** *(oku)senseka* v.intr. *sensekere* (a) to be destroyed • *Ebbomu yakubbire ekyomboko ekikooto ne kisenseka.* A bomb exploded in a big

building, and the building was destroyed. (b) to accept quickly, to agree quickly • *Omukali ni namukobereku n'asenseka.* When I proposed to the woman, she accepts quickly. (c) to pour out, to be poured out, to spill, to overflow, to fall down, to collapse, to pour in (as a group of people), to fail, (of a plan) to come to naught • *Amacande gange gasensekere.* My simsim has poured out.

**sensera** *(oku)sensera* v.intr. *senseire* to slip in, to penetrate, to enter, to infiltrate, to take hold • *Abatemu basenseire omu kitundu kya Kampala.* Murderers have penetrated Kampala area.

**sensuka** *(oku)sensuka* v.intr. *sensukire* (a) (of clothes, mats) to be tattered, to be old and torn, to be in poor condition • *Abategi bazwaire engoye ezisensukire.* The fishermen are wearing tattered clothes. (b) (of a thatched roof) to lose thatching grass • *enyumba yaamu ensensukire.* The thatching grass on her house has fallen off.

**sente** *(e)sente* n.9/10 money • *Mbiikira esente zange.* Keep this money for me.

**sentensi** *(e)sentensi* n.9/10 <from En.> sentence (a set of words) • *Esentensi eni tinjetegerye kusai.* I have not understood this sentence well.

**senya** *(oku)senya* v.tr. *senyere* to brush (teeth) • *Oba lwaki abantu abamwei tibendya kusenya maino?* I wonder why some people do not

want to brush their teeth.

**senyiga** *(o)senyiga* n.1a <from Lug.> (a) flu (b) **senyiga (o)mwandi** COVID-19 • *Osenyiga omwandi ayitire abantu baingi.* COVID-19 has killed many people.

**sepeewo** *(e)sepeewo* n.9/10 hat • *Omukaire ataire esepeewo oku mutwe.* The old man is wearing a hat.

**sepiki** *(e)sepiki* n.9/10 cooking pan, saucepan • *Esepiki eni gikaire muno.* This saucepan is very old.

**Septuaginta** *(e)Septuaginta* n.9 Septuagint (the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures from the original Hebrew, known as "The Translation of the Seventy" as it is recorded that the Septuagint was translated by 70 or 72 Jewish scholars)

**sepulingi** *(e)sepulingi* n.9/10 spring, stiff suspension • *Esepulingi ya motoka yatiikire.* The car spring is broken.

**sera** *(oku)sera* v.intr. *seere* to practice cannibalism • *Omusaiza baamupekere oku kyalo lwa kusera.* A man was chased from the village because of practicing cannibalism.

**serebera** *(oku)serebera* v.intr. *serebeire* (a) (of paste, food) to be watery, to be thin • *Yasumbire omwogo ni guserebera.* She cooked cassava and it became watery. (b) to weaken, to be frail • *Omulwaire aserebeire.* The patient has become frail.

**sereberi** (e.g. *gusereberi, miseriberi, kasereberi*) adj. watery • *Yasumbire*

*omwogo gusereberi.* She cooked watery cassava.

**seregenya** *(oku)seregenya* v.intr. *seregenyere* to grow wings • *Obukoko bukuseregenya.* The chicks are growing wings.

**seregenyi** adv. forever and ever • *OKanca alibbaawo mirembe seregenyi.* God will live forever and ever.

**sereka** *(oku)sereka* v.tr. *serekere* (a) to keep secretly, to hide, to tuck way • *Nserekera esente zange.* Keep this money secretly for me. (b) (of a hen) to protect (chicks) • *Onkoko asereka obwana.* The hen sits on the chicks. (c) to thatch, to roof • *Akusereka nyumba yaamwe.* He is roofing his house.

**serengeta** *(oku)serengeta* v.intr. *serengetere* to descend, to go down, to come down, to slope downwards • *Omwojo ngoyo akuserengeta ku izuba.* That boy is sloping downwards to the well.

**seruka** *(oku)seruka* v.intr. *serukire* to suffer from measles • *Omwana yaserukire.* The child is suffering from measles.

**serumbeete** *(e)serumbeete* n.9/10 (a) bass drum • *OJimmy amaite okukubba eserumbeete.* Jimmy knows how to play the bass drum. (b) brass band • *Abaana ba isomero lya Kisenyi PS baakubbire kusai eserumbeete.* The pupils of Kisenyi Primary School played in the brass band well. **serya** *(oku)serya* v.intr. *seerye* (of an eye) to twitch • *Kiki ekikunserya*

*aiguru wa riiso.* What is twitching above my eye?

**seryaserya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)seryaserya* v.intr. *seeryeseerye* (a) to flash • *Eiguru likuseryaserya olwa nkubba.* The sky is flashing because of lightning. (b) to glitter, to gleam, to glisten • *Mboine onjoka omukooto ng'akuseryaserya.* I have seen a big snake glittering.

**sesema** *(oku)sesema* v.intr./tr. *sesemere* to vomit, to bring up, to trow up, to puke • *Omulwaire wa musuja akusesema omubazi.* The malaria patient is vomiting the medicine.

**sesema**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sesema* v.tr. *sesemere* to return by applying force • *Yasesemere esente ze yanyagwire.* He returned the money he has stolen.

**setaani** *(o)setaani* n.1a <from En.> Satan • *OSetaani enkola yaamwe gibbi.* Satan's ways are bad.

**seyeituka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)seyeituka* v.intr. *seyeitukire* to be unstable, to be disturbed • *Omwala okuzwa ni yazwire omu bufumbo bwamwe aseyeitukambe.* Ever since that girl left her marriage, she has been unstable.

**seyeituka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)seyeituka* v.intr. *seyeitukire* to walk a long way • *Tuseyeitukire olugendo lukooto.* We have walked a long way.

**Shariya** *(e)Shariya* n.9 <from En.> sharia (Islamic canonical law) • *Abasiraamu abamwei batambuura ku Shariya.* Some Muslims follow the sharia.

**Shema** *(e)Shema* n.9 Shema (a prayer that serves as a centrepiece of the morning and evening Jewish prayer services) • *Abayudaaya basoma muno eshema.* The Jews say the Shema.

**Shinto** *(e)Shinto* n.9 Shinto (the traditional religion of Japan) • *Abajapaani bata n'ediini ya shinto.* The Japanese have the Shinto religion.

**siba** *(oku)siba* v.tr. *sibire* (a) to tie, to bind • *Ensawo ya sukaali gisibe oku gaali.* Tie a bag of sugar on the bicycle. (b) to tether, to tie up (an animal) • *Siba ombuli.* Tether that goat.

**sibuka** [see *subuka*]

**siga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)siga* v.intr./tr. *sigire* (a) to plant, to grow, to sow • *Ayabire kusiga bwita.* He has gone to plant millet. (b) to invest, to put money into, to provide capital for, to fund, to back, to finance • *Aba musigampiiya basigire obukaire bwa doola omu Uganda.* The investors have invested millions of dollars in Uganda. (c) to give an offering • *N'osiga omu kanisa oKanca akuwa mikisa.* If you make church offerings, God will bless you.

**siga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)siga* v.tr. *sigire* to push (a boat into deep water) • *Nkusiga lyato.* I am pushing the boat into water.

**sigala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)sigala* n.1a <from En.> cigarette • *Omukuumi w'ani afuuwa osigala.* The guard of this place smokes cigarette.

**sigala**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sigala* v.intr. *sigaire* to remain, to stay, to stay behind, to be left • *Enkaina zoonazoona zaabire oni yenkai niye asigaire.* All the camels have left and only this one remains.

**sigalya** *(oku)sigalya* v.tr. *sigairye* to keep, to retain, to keep possession of, to have • *Natunda emberege zoonaa, nsigalyeku omwei.* I will sell all the pigs and will keep only one.

**sigika** *(oku)sigika* v.intr. *sigikire* (a) to fix (cooking stone), to arrange, to put up • *Omukali akusigika amaiga.* A woman is arranging the cooking stones. (b) to use (stones) to prevent (e.g. a pot) from tilting down, to prop up (with stones) • *Ekinaga kisigike eibbaale.* Use the stone to stop the pot from tilting. (c) to rely on, to fall back on • *Nsigikiire ku bigambo bye wankobere ne ndamba abaana bani.* I have relied on what you told me to counsel these children.

**sigiri** *(e)sigiri* n.9/10 charcoal stove • *Esigiri eni gikooto.* This charcoal stove is big.

**siguka** *(oku)siguka* v.intr. *sigukire* (of a tree) to fall, to go down, to topple • *Omusaale gusigukire.* The tree has fallen.

**sigula** *(oku)sigula* v.tr. *sigwire* to uproot, to root out • *Ompungo asigwire omusaale.* The wind has uprooted a tree.

**siiba** *(oku)siiba* v.intr. *siibire* (a) to spend a day • *Eizo yasiibire mpani.* He spent the whole of yesterday here. (b) to go without food a whole day, to observe fasting during Ramadan • *OKajura asiibire nzala, emere emubuure.* Kajura went a whole day without food because he failed to get food.

**siibiira** *(oku)siibiira* v.tr. *siibiire* to eat for a day (one type of food) • *Mwojo, ewaiswe tusiibiira muwogo.* My dear, we have eaten only cassava for a day.

**siibula** *(oku)siibula* v.intr. *siibwire* to say goodbye, to say farewell, to send off • *Ayabire tasiibwire.* He has gone without saying goodbye.

**siibulukuka** *(oku)siibulukuka* v.intr. *siibulukukire* (a) to break the fast, to eat after fasting • *Abasiraamu basiibulukuka saawa emwei eya kasweko.* The Muslims break the fast at 7:00 p.m. (b) to celebrate Eid • *Abasiraamu bakwaba kusiibulukuka mambya.* The Muslims will celebrate Eid tomorrow.

**siiga** *(oku)siiga* v.tr. *siigire* (a) to smear, to paint, to apply (e.g. makeup) • *Eirai enyumba nga bazisiiganga bisai.* In the past houses were smeared with cow dung. (b) to transmit (a desease) • *Embarabara zisiiga ebisolo endwaire.* Ticks transmit diseases in animals.

**siika** *(oku)siika* v.tr. *siikire* to fry, to roast • *Omaama akusiika encwi.* Mammy is frying fish.

**siima** *(oku)siima* v.tr. *siimire* (a) to appreciate, to thank, to be grateful for, to be pleased with • *Yasiimire byenamuleeteire.* He appreciated what I gave him. (b) to fall in love with • *Omwojo mmusiimire.* I have fallen in love with the boy.

**siimooza** *(oku)siimooza* v.tr. *siimoozere* to make a sucking noise with

one's lips as an expression of contempt towards, to suck one's teeth as expression of contempt towards, to practice teeth-sucking at • *Omwala oni akusiimooza abaira baamwe.* This girl insults her pals making a sucking noise with the lips as an expression of contempt.

**siimuuka** *(oku)siimuuka* v.intr. *siimuukire* to be erased, to be deleted • *Ebigambo bye yawandiikire omu kitabo byasiimukire.* The words that she wrote in the book have been erased. **siimuula** *(oku)siimuula* v.tr. *siimwire* (a) to mop, to wipe, to clean • *Enyumba abaala bakugisiimuula.* The girls are mopping the house. (b) to erase, to delete • *Siimuula ekiwandiiko ekyo.* Erase that document. (c) to clean (a baby), to wipe (a baby) • *Omwana oyo musiimuule ebimira.* Clean the mucus from the child's nose.

**siina** *(o)siina* n.1a/10 dark brown cow • *Onte osiina abba n'erangi eya kitaka omwitikiri.* Siina is a dark brown cow.

**siinai** *(o)siinai* n.1a/10 *Grewia mollis* (species of flowering plant) • *Osiinai bamulukamu ebideero. Grewia mollis* is used for making baskets.

**siinyoola** *(oku)siinyoola* v.tr. *siinyoire* to make a sucking noise with one's lips as an expression of contempt, to suck one's teeth as expression of contempt, to practice teethsucking • *Toiraangamu kusiinyoola bantu bakulu.* Never again suck your

teeth at elders.

**siinyooza** [see *siinyoola*]

**siiriira** *(oku)siiriira* v.intr. *siiriire* to be burnt • *Emere ekusiiriira.* The food is burnt.

**siiriirya** *(oku)siiriirya* v.tr. *siiriirye* to burn, to cause to burn • *Omusumbi asiiriirye ekinaga.* The cook burnt the saucepan.

**siisa** *(oku)siisa* v.intr./tr. *siisire* (a) to destroy, to spoil, to damage, to ruin • *Obubunguura busiisa emere.* Caterpillars destroy crops. (b) to defile, to rape • *Omwala waamwe bamusiisire.* His girl was defiled. (c) (of a child) to defecate • *Omwana asiisire ani.* The child has defecated here. (d) **siisa (o)bwire** to waste time • *Lwaki okusiisa obwire?* Why are you wasting your time?

**siisiirya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)siisiirya* v.ditr. *siisiriirye* to apply (ointment), to smear with • *Siisiirya omwana oyo amagita.* Smear the child with vaseline.

**siisiirya**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)siisiirya* v.tr. *siisiriirye* to prevent, to stop, to hinder, to impede • *Nabaire nkwaba okukwata omwibbi baitu oTom n'ansiisiirya.* I was going to catch the thief, but Tom prevented me.

**siisikala** *(oku)siisikala* v.intr. *siisikaire* (a) to fall apart, to fall to pieces, to disintegrate, to decay, to be broken • *Obuwangwa bwa Bairagazu bwasiisikaire abafugi ba matwale ni baizire.* The culture of Africans fell apart when Europeans colonised Africa. (b) (of food) to go bad, to

spoil • *Emere esiisikaire.* The food has gone bad. (c) (of a vehicle) to break down • *Emotoka yaamwe esiisikaire.* His car has broken down. (d) to be disorganised, to be disordered • *Ebintu byange bisiisikaire.* My things are disorganised.

**siisira** *(oku)siisira* v.intr. *siisiire* to stay for a long time, to stay for too long • *Mutasiisira mu kibuga tulina ebyokukola bingi mu kyalo.* Do not stay in the city for too long, we have many things to be done in the village.

**siiwoolya** *(oku)siiwoolya* v.intr. *siiwoirye* to break wind, to pass gas, to fart • *Omugeni asiiwoirye omu bantu.* A visitor has farted in public.

**siiwuula** *(oku)siiwuula* v.tr. *siiwire* to winnow, to separate (out), to sift out • *Ngodi akusiiwuula muwemba.* He is there winnowing sorghum.

**siiya** *(oku)siiya* v.intr. *siiyire* (a) to hiss • *Onjoka n'asiiya olina kwiruka.* When the snake hisses, you must run. (b) to cause itching, to cause irritation • *Amaizi ago gasiiya oku lususu.* That water irritates the skin.

**siiyani** (e.g. *musiiyani, basiiyaani*) adj. (a) horny, sexually aroused, lustful • *Omusaiza n'omukali waamwe basiiyani.* The man and his wife are horny. (b) adulterous, unfaithful, cheating • *Omusaiza oyo musiiyani.* That man is adulterous.

**siiyasiiyana** *(oku)siiyasiiyana* v.intr. *siiyasiiyaine* (of a woman) to be horny, to be sexually aroused • *Omu-* *kali oyo akuboneka akusiiyasiiyana.* That woman seems to be sexually aroused.

**sika**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)sika* v.tr. *sikire* to pull, to drag, to draw • *Sika entebe edi ogireete ani.* Pull that chair and bring it here.

**sika**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sika* v.tr. *sikire* to inherit, to become heir to • *Oyo niye yasikiire omaama.* That one became an heir to my mother.

**sikaati** *(e)sikaati* n.9/10 <from En.> skirt • *Omwala azwaire esikaati.* The girl has worn a skirt.

**sikaavu** *(e)sikaavu* n.9/10 <from En.> scarf • *Abakali bataka okwebbwa esikaavu.* Women like wearing a scarf.

**sikina** *(oku)sikina* v.intr. *sikinire* <from taboo> to respond to sexual stimulation

**sikweya** *(e)sikweya* n.9/10 <from En.> square • *Emeeza eni ya sikweya.* The table is square.

**simantiirya** *(oku)simantiirya* v.tr. *simantiriirye* to plaster the wall (with soil) • *Nkusimantiirya nyumba yange na itakali.* I am plastering the walls of my house using soil.

**simba**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)simba* v.intr./tr. *simbire* (a) to go straight • *N'obba okwaba simbambe otakyamuka.* Go straight, don't branch off. (b) to put upright • *Leeta engwanyu nsimbe ekitimba.* Bring the supporting sticks and I put upright the net.

**simba**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)simba* v.tr. *simbire* to plant, to sow • *Yasimbire ebiduuma* *baitu byafiire eisana.* She planted maize, but it didn't grow because of the drought.

**simbawo** *(oku)simbawo* v.tr. *simbirewo* to nominate, to designate, to recommend, to suggest• *Abantu abamwe bakwebuulya oku kigero kyamwe oku byakwesimbawo.* Some people are questioning the appropriateness of his candidature.

**simbuka** *(oku)simbuka* v.intr. *simbukire* (a) to begin a journey, to set off, to leave • *Simbuka atibuni oyabe.* Set off right now and go. (b) to start moving, to drive off (e.g. a vehicle) • *Emotoka zisimbukire.* The cars have started moving.

**simbula** *(oku)simbula* v.intr./tr. *simbwire* (a) to begin a journey, to set off, to leave • *Simbula oyabe.* Set off and go. (b) to start moving, to drive off (e.g. a vehicle) • *Ebbaasi ni yabbaire eri ampi okusimbula omuntu owondi yayizire ni yekukuutiiryamu.* Just as the bus was about to leave, another person squeezed in. (c) to uproot, to pull out of the ground • *Ombuli namubbwere oku nkondo n'agisimbula.* I tethered the goat on a stump, and it uprooted it. (d) to toddle, to totter • *Omwana atandikire okusimbula.* The baby has started to toddle.

**simbuliza** *(oku)simbuliza* v.tr. *simbuliize* (a) to transfer, to move, to shift, to move a tethered goat to browse in another sport • *Simbuliza embuli oku saawa ikumi.* Move the

tethered goat to browse in another sport at four o'clock. (b) to transplant, to replant, to repot • *Akusimbuliza mwani zaamwe.* He is transplanting his coffee.

**simirya** *(oku)simirya* v.tr. *simiirye* to beckon to, to wave at, to gesture at • *Naboine omwojo ng'akusimirya omwala.* I saw a boy beckoning to a girl.

**simoola** *(oku)simoola* v.tr. *simoire* to say, to speak, to pronounce • *Simoola nkukuwuliirya.* Speak, I am listening to you.

**simooni** *(e)simooni* n.9/10 coin of fifty cents• *Tinsigairye gonze esimooni.* I don't have even a cent.

**simu** *(e)simu* n.9/10 <from En.> telephone, smartphone • *Nkutaka okugula esimu eya mulembe okwezi kuni.* I need to buy a trendy smartphone this month.

**simukaadi** *(e)simukaadi* n.9/10 <from En.> simcard • *Nkwaba ku igombolola kuwandiikisya simukaadi yange.* I am going the sub-county headquarters to register my sim card.

**simula** *(oku)simula* tr. *simwire* (a) to shoot (a ball), to kick • *Bakusimulangana penati.* They are shooting a penalty kick. (b) to sneeze

**sina** *(oku)sina* v.tr. *sinire* to nauseate, to disgust • *Mwana we onsinire.* Child, you disgust me.

**Sinaagooga** *(e)Sinaagooga* n.9/10 <from En.> synagogue • *Abayudaaya baramirya mu sinaagooga.* The

Jews pray in the synagogue.

**sindabuka** *(oku)sindabuka* v.intr. *sindabukire* (a) to get loose, to become untied, to become unfastened • *Omugugu gwange gusindabukire.* My luggage has become unfastened. (b) (of a bag) to open • *Kwata kusai ensawo yange etasindabuka.* Hold my bag carefully so that it does not open. (c) (of a stomach) to stop being constipated • *Ekida kyange kisandabukire.* My stomach has stopped being constipated. (d) to give birth • *Omukali wa Mbangire akyali kusindabuka.* Mbangire's wife has not yet given birth.

**sindabula** *(oku)sindabula* v.tr. *sindabwire* (a) to remove, to detach, to take off • *Sindabula omupiira gwa motoka bagutambe.* Remove the tyre from the car to get it mended. (b) to untie, to unleash • *Sindabula ombuli wange.* Untie my goat. (c) to unlock • *Sindabula ekufulu oku lwige.* Unlock the padlock on the door. (d) to unpack, to open (a parcel, a bag) • *Sindabula ensawu yaamu tubone ebirimu.* Open your bag and let's see what is in it.

**sindika** *(oku)sindika* v.tr. *sindikire* (a) to push • *Sindika olwige oyingire.* Push the door and enter. (b) to send • *Omukama bamusindikire obukwenda.* They have sent a message to the king. (c) to deploy, to post, to position • *Sindika abasirikale bamukwate.* Deploy soldiers to arrest her. (d) to transfer • *Omulwaire abbaire*

*ani bamusindikire Kiruddu.* The patient who was here has been transferred to Kiruddu. (e) to notify, to inform • *Musindikire obukwenda yetegye.* Notify him so that he gets prepared.

**sindyoka** *(oku)sindyoka* v.intr. *sindyokere* to spin • *Ekyoma ekyoza engoye tikisindyoka kusai.* The washing machine does not spin properly.

**singa**<sup>1</sup> conj. if, when, while • *Nkwiza kukubyalukuka singa ogaana okusoma.* I will disown you if you refuse to study.

**singa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)singa* v.intr./tr. *singire* (a) to win (e.g. a war, a game, a prize) • *Aidah asingire omusango.* Aidah has won the case. (b) to be better than, to be more than, to defeat • *OKato niye asinga baira baamwe.* Kato is better than his pals. (c) to be more, to be exceedingly, to be mostly • *Abeeka egyo abakusinga bata n'akawango.* Most members of that family have a mental disorder. (d) to excel, to be excellent, to be outstanding • *Mutaani wange niye yasingire mu kemisitule.* My son excelled in chemistry.

**singa**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)singa* v.tr. *singire* to pawn, to put in pawn, to give as security • *OMukasa yakoore kubbi okusinga enyumba yaamwe.* Mukasa did bad to pawn his house.

**singaanisya** *(oku)singaanisya* v.intr. *singaanisirye* to compete, to participate, to take part (in a contest) • *Bakusingaanisya mu misinde.* They are

competing in athletics.

**singangana** *(oku)singangana* v.intr. *singangaine* to compete • *ONakato n'oBabirye basingangana mu kwemba.* Nakato and Babirye are competing in singing.

**singisya** *(oku)singisya* v.tr. *singisirye* to rule against, to convict • *Omulamuli amusingisirye omusango.* The judge has ruled against him.

**singula** *(oku)singula* v.tr. *singwire* to win (in a lottery) • *Omusaiza yazeenyire akalulu n'ansingula emotoka.* A man played a lottery game and won a car.

**sinika** *(oku)sinika amaino* v.tr. *sinikire* to bare (one's teeth as an insult) • *Leka kusinika amaino.* Don't bare your teeth.

**sininukwa** *(oku)sininukwa* v.intr. *sininukirwe* to grieve, to be in mourning, to lament • *OPeter akusininukwa olwa kufa kwa ita waamwe.* Peter is grieving because of his father's death.

**sinodi** *(e)sinodi* n.9/10 <from En.> synod • *OBatumbya bamukomerye okubba omukwenda oku sinodi.* Batumbya was chosen to be a representative on the synod.

**sinsimuka** *(oku)sinsimuka* v.intr. *sinsimukire* to be shredded, to be torn • *Olugoye lwange lusinsimukire.* My dress has become shredded.

**sinsimula** *(oku)sinsimula* v.tr. *sinsimwire* (a) to beat, to slap (severely) • *Nkwaba okukusinsimula oluyi.* I will slap you! (b) to shake out (a piece

of clothing after rinsing) • *Sinsimula olugoye lwange olwo lukale mangu.* Shake out my dress so that it dries quickly.

**sipaaka** *(e)sipaaka* n.9/10 <from En.> (spark) magnetic fishing hook • *Empuuta bazitegesya sipaaka.* They use the magnetic fishing hook to fish the Nile perch.

**sipanda** *(e)sipanda* n.9/10 (a) catapult, slingshot • *Omusaiza akubbire onkowu n'esipanada.* The man has hit a guinea fowl using a catapult. (b) spanner, wrench • *Mpeereza esipanda leke ngumye empeta oku gaali yange.* Give me a spanner so that I can tighten my bicycle's nuts.

**sipeeya** *(o)sipeeya* n.1a <from En.> spare parts • *Esimu yange teta na sipeeya.* My phone has no spare parts. **sira** *(oku)sira* v.intr. *siire* to dissolve by rubbing (a medicinal clay stick) • *Sira emumbwa onyweku.* Dissolve by rubbing a medicinal clay stick and drink it.

**siraana** *(oku)siraana* v.intr. *siraine* to be cursed, to be bewitched, to be unlucky • *Omukali oyo yasiraine.* That woman was cursed.

**siramuka** *(oku)siramuka* v.intr. *siramukire* to adopt Islam as a religious faith, to convert to Islam • *Omusaiza asiramukire.* A man has converted to Islam.

**siramula** *(oku)siramula* v.tr. *siramwire* (a) to circumcise (as a sign of converting to Islam) • *Omwojo oyo baamusiramwire.* That boy was cirsire

cumcised. (b) to convert to Islam, to persuade to change one's faith to Islam • *Omwojo oni baamusiramwire.* This young man was converted to Islam.

**sire** (e.g. *musire, kisere, gisire*) adj. dirty • *Buliizo ntangalana omusaiza omusire oku katale.* I always meet a dirty man at the market.

**siribbuka** *(oku)siribbuka* v.intr. *siribbukire* to run very fast, to rush, to sprint, to bolt • *Omwojo oyo asiribbuka kitalo.* That boy runs very fast.

**siriikiira** *(oku)siriikiira* v.intr. *siriikiriire* (a) to be silent, to be quiet • *Alimu omu nyumba asiriikiriire.* He is quiet in the house. (b) to calm down • *Bairaba, musiriikiire!* My dear friends, calm down! (c) to contemplate, to reflect on, to meditate on • *Omukali asiriikiriire.* A woman is contemplating.

**siriikiirya** *(oku)siriikiirya* v.tr. *siriikiriirye* to cease (fire, fighting, noise), to pause, to stop for a while • *Basiriikiriiryemu embundu.* They have ceased fighting.

**siriimu** *(o)siriimu* n.1a HIV/AIDS • *Kisai okwekeberesya osiriimu.* It is good to get tested for HIV/AIDS.

**sirika** *(oku)sirika* v.intr. *sirikire* to keep quite • *Sirika otabaza kigambo.* Keep quiet and don't say a word.

**siriki**<sup>1</sup> (e.g. *musiriki, basiriki*) adj. (a) quiet • *Ekitundu kini kisiriki.* This place is quiet. (b) calm • *Omukali wange ata musiriki.* My wife is calm. **siriki**<sup>2</sup> *(o)siriki* n.1a <from En.> silk, type of silk cloth • *Omukali azwaire osiriki.* The woman is wearing a silk cloth.

**siriki**<sup>3</sup> *(o)siriki* n.1a <from En.> shirk (the sin of idolatry or polytheism in Islam) • *Obusiraamu tibwikiriza siriki.* Islam forbids shirk.

**sirikitu** (e.g. *kasirikitu, busikikitu*) adj. tiny, smal, minute • *Obusiisa obwo bubba busirikitu.* Those bacteria are tiny.

**sirikya** *(oku)sirikya* v.tr. *sirikirye* (a) to hush, to silence, to quiet down • *Sirikya omwana oyo!* Hush that child! (b) to stop playing (a musical instrument) (c) to trap (a ball in footbal), to bring (the ball) under control • *OMukasa amaite muno okusirikya omupiira.* Mukasa knows well how to trap a ball.

**sirimuka** *(oku)sirimuka* v.intr. *sirimukire* to descend, to go down, to come down, to slope downwards • *Endege etandikire okusirimuka.* The plane has started descending.

**siringi** *(e)siringi* n.9/10 <from En.> shilling • *Naguure amatooke ikumi ku siringi lukumi.* I bought ten bananas for one thousand shilling.

**siru** (e.g. *musiru, basiru*) adj. stupid, foolish • *Omuntu omusiru tawuliirya abakumulamba.* A stupid person does not listen to the ones who give him advice.

**sisiituka** *(oku)sisiituka* v.intr. *sisiitukire* to stumble, to trip • *Omusaiza asisiitukire n'agwa.* A man stumbled and fell.

**sisimuka** *(oku)sisimuka* v.intr. *sisimukire* (a) to awaken, to wake up (b) fig. to realize

**sisimula** *(oku)sisimula* v.tr. *sisimwire* to awaken, to rouse from sleep • *Akaigulu kansisimwire ni ntiina muno.* The thunder awakened me from sleep and felt very scared.

**sisinala** *(oku)sisinala* v.tr. *sisinaire* (a) to have protruding teeth • *Ekisaiza kita n'againo agaasisinaire.* That man has protruding teeth. (b) to bare (one's teeth), to show (one's teeth) (c) to grimace (in disgust), to show revulsion • *Omukali aboine ekisire n'asisinala.* A woman saw a dirty thing and grimaced.

**sisinalya** *(oku)sisinalya* v.tr. *sisinairye* <from abusive> to mock by imitating a protrusion of teeth • *Omwojo asisinalya mwiraamwe.* The boy mocks his pal for having protruding teeth.

**sisira** *(oku)sisira* v.intr./tr. *sisiire* (a) to tremble all over, to shiver • *Lwaki omwana oyo akusisira?* Why is that child trembling all over? (b) to have a creepy feeling, to have a tingling sensation, to be startled, to be shocked, to be taken aback, to experience revulsion • *Mboine amabbi ni nsisira.* When I saw the faeces, I got a creepy feeling. (c) to apply (powder), to powder, to cover (with powder) • *Ni waika eka osisire omubazi oku kyoya.* When you get home, powder the medicine on the wound. **sisirya** *(oku)sisirya* v.tr. *sisiriirye*

to repulse, to revolt, to disgust, to sicken, to nauseate • *Ekyolooni ekisire kisisirya.* A dirty latrine is disgusting.

**sita** *(oku)sita* v.tr. *sitire* to make (a traditional bed), to spread (a mat) • *Mmaare okusita ekitabu kyange.* I have finished making my bed.

**Sitaani** *(o)sitaani* n.1a Satan • *OSitaani niye yaleetere ekibbi omu nsi muni.* It is Satan who brought sin in this world.

**sitaka** *(oku)sitaka* v.intr. *sitakire* to squat (unlawfully occupy a plot of land) • *Abanyala bali mu bulemeezi bwa kusitaka oku itakali lyabwe.* The Banyala are in trouble of becoming squatters on their own land.

**sitampu** *(e)sitampu* n.9/10 <from En.> stamp, seal • *Tukoore esitampu ya isomero lyaiswe.* Make for us a school stamp.

**sitapuli** *(e)sitapuli* n.9/10 <from En.> door latch • *Esitapuli nizo zigumya olwige.* Door latches make a door strong.

**sitayiro** *(e)sitayiro* n.9/10 <from En.> style, way • *Esitayiro ya isoke lyamwe gisai.* Her hairstyle is good. **siteegi** *(e)siteegi* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) stage • *Abembi baniinire ku siteegi.* The singers have gone on stage. (b) station, stopping place, stop • *Ebbaasi nginiinira ku siteegi buli nkya.* I board a bus at the station every morning.

**siteeringi** *(e)siteeringi* n.9/10 <from En.> steering wheel • *Eturakita yoo-*

soberwa

*na ebba n'esiteeringi.* A tractor also has a steering wheel.

**sitenseni** *(e)sitenseni* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) junction, intersection • *Namutangaraine mu sitenseni.* I met him at the junction. (b) **sitenseni ya gaalimooshi** railway station • *Namwajiirye oku sitenseni ya gaalimooshi.* I met her at the railway station. **sitigimata** *(e)sitigimata* n.10 <from En.> stigmata (marks corresponding to those left on Jesus' body by the Crucifixion) • *Abonekeibwe ekyamaano ekya sitigimata.* She had a vision of stigmata.

**sitira** *(oku)sitira* v.tr. *sitiire* to erect (a fence), to barricade, to construct (a fence) • *Mmaare okusitira olukorogo.* I have finished constructing a fence. **sitookisi** *(e)sitookisi* n.9/10 <from En.> stocking • *Bazwala sitookisi za kipaapaali.* They wear yellow stockings.

**sitoowa** *(e)sitoowa* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) store • *Ayabire oku sitoowa okugula emikiikiryo gya nyumba yaamwe.* He has gone to the store to buy rafters for his house. (b) storage room, storeroom, warehouse • *Emwani nzitaire mu sitoowa.* I have put the coffee into the storage room. **siwa** *(oku)siwa* v.tr. *siwire* to add (sorghum to banana juice during brewing) • *Ni bamaare okunyuuka ensande ni basiwaku omuwemba.* After squeezing banana juice, they added sorghum.

**siyeta** *(e)siyeta* n.9/10 <from En.> (a)

theatre (as a venue) • *Esiyeta nimwo bazeenyera emizeenyo.* They perform dramas at the theatre. (b) theatre (operation room) • *Omulwaire ali mu siyeta bakumulongoosa.* The patient is in the theatre undergoing a surgical operation.

**sizoni** *(e)sizoni* n.9/10 <from En.> season • *Emiyembe gyakaliriirye esizoni eni.* Mangoes are in excess this season.

**soba** *(oku)soba* v.intr. *sobere* (a) (of a shape or pattern e.g. of a mat) to be wrong, to go wrong, to be improper, to be not in accordance with accepted rules or standards • *Omukeeka gusobere.* The mat has lost pattern. (b) (of a woman) to become pregnant while still living with one's parents • *Omwala asobere.* The girl became pregnant while still leaving with her parents.

**sobaasobana** [see *soba*]

**sobba** *(oku)sobba* v.intr. *sobbere* to move slowly • *Obulwaire bumulumire, atandikire okusobba.* He has been sick, and thereafter he started to move very slowly.

**sobera** *(oku)sobera* v.tr. *sobeire* to confuse, to baffle, to perplex • *Omwana oyo by'akola binsobera.* It confuses me what the girl does.

**soberwa** *(oku)soberwa* v.intr. *sobeirwe* to be confused, to be baffled, to be perplexed • *Omwana gwe baanagire omu nzira yasobeirwe.* The child who was abandoned on the way was confused.

**soboka** *(oku)soboka* v.intr. *sobokere* to be doable, to be possible • *Okanca w'atabba, ebintu tebisoboka.* Things are impossible where there is no God.

**sobola** *(oku)sobola* v.tr. *soboire* (a) to be able, to can • *Nsobola okwiza ewaamu.* I can come to your place. (b) to manage, to accomplish, to cope with • *Gezesya omwana oyo tumanye obanga yasobola ekya musanju.* Interview that pupil and find out if he can manage the seventh form.

**sobolola** [see *soboora*] <Lunyala> **soboora** <Ruruuli> *(oku)soboora* v.tr. *soboire* (a) to arrange, to organise • *Soboora ediiro lyamu.* Organise your sitting room. (b) to explain, to interpret • *Soboora orubazo lwamwe.* Interpret his speech. (c) to settle (a dispute) • *Yaba osoboore aboojo baamu.* Go and settle your sons' disputes.

**soboroka** *(oku)soboroka* v.intr. *soborokere* to become a better person, to reform • *Omusigazi omuyaaye asoborokere.* The villain has become a better person.

**soboroki** (e.g. *musoboroki, basoboroki*) adj. (a) honest, decent • *Omwojo oni abantu bamwesiga kubba ata musoboroki.* People trust this boy because he is honest. (b) straightforward • *Bba musoboroki omu byokubaza.* Be straightforward in your speech. (c) humble, modest • *Omuntu omusoboroki anywana baingi.* A humble person has many friends. **sobwoitoka** *(oku)sobwoitoka* v.intr.

*sobwoitokere* (a) to grow thin, to lose weight • *Omusaiza oyo yalwaire n'asobwoitoka.* That man was ill, and he grew thin. (b) to slip down, to slip off, to slip through, to go down • *Empale yaamwe esobwoitokere.* His trousers have slipped down.

**sobwoitola** *(oku)sobwoitola* v.tr. *sobwoitoire* to cause to grow thin • *Omwana oyo obulwaire bumusobwoitoire.* That child grew thin because of the illness. (lit. The illness has caused the child to be thin).

**sobya** *(oku)sobya* v.intr. *soberye* (a) to err, to make a mistake, to be wrong • *Buli muntu asobya.* Every person makes mistakes. (b) to fail, to fall short of, to fail to reach (a goal) • *Nasoberyemu enamba ibiri omu kibuulyo.* I failed two points in the examination. (c) to defile, to rape • *Ogusaiza ogumbulansoni gwasoberye oku mwana.* A rapist man defiled a child. **sodoka** *(oku)sodoka* v.intr. *sodokere* (a) to jump, to leap, to spring, to frog jump, to hop • *Abasaiza bakusodoka.* The men are jumping. (b) **sodoka (o)muguwa** to skip rope, to jump over a rope • *Abaala bataka muno okusodoka omuguwa.* Girls like to skip rope very much.

**sodooka** *(oku)sodooka* v.intr. *sodookere* to walk sluggishly, to walk slowly, to drag oneself • *Enkoko zikusodooka kubba zirwaire.* The hens are walking sluggishly because they are ill.

**sogonyoka** *(oku)sogonyoka* v.intr.

*sogonyokere* (a) to be overripe, to be too soft, to fall to pieces (e.g. of overcooked food) • *Amenju gasogonyokere.* The yellow bananas have become too soft. (b) to be exhausted

**sogonyola** *(oku)sogonyola* v.tr. *sogonyoire* to squash, to crush, to squeeze • *Sogonyola amenju ago.* Squash those yellow bananas.

**sokera** *(oku)sokera* v.tr. *sokeire* to load (bullets) • *Sokera amasasi omu mbundu.* Load bullets into the gun. **sokombola** *(oku)sokombola* v.tr. *so-*

*komboire* to unblock, to remove (an obstruction from a pipe or drain), to pick out, to pluck out, to pick at, to dig out • *Okusokombola ebitakali omu mufuleje?* Are you digging out soil from the drainage?

**sokondolya** *(oku)sokondolya* v.tr. *sokondoirye* (a) to peck at, to make (a hole) by striking with the beak • *Ekinyonyi kikusokondolya omusaale.* The bird is making a hole in the tree by striking with the beak. (b) to remove (through a small opening or a narrow passage) • *Sokondolya emese mu kidomola.* Remove the rat from the jerry can.

**sola** [see *sora*] <Lunyala>

**solebeza** *(oku)solobeza* v.intr. *solobeize, solobezere* to slurp (e.g. food), to eat noisily, to suck noisily • *Omwana ni alya ekikaizo, asolobeza.* When the child chews sugarcane, he slurps.

**solima** *(oku)solima* v.intr. *solimire* (a) (of steam) to escape, to

be released • *Amangu nga omwika gutandikire okusolima, naswekwire ekinaga.* As soon as the steam started to be released, I uncovered the pot. (b) to walk stealthily, to move stealthily, to sneak • *Omusaiza yasolimire mpola n'ayaba.* The man walked stealthily away. (c) to steal little by little • *Naani akusolima empiiya zaange?* Who is stealing my money little by little?

**solobya** *(oku)solobya* v.tr. *soloberye* to prune with a pruning pole • *Akoleserye olusolobyo okusolobya endagala.* She used the pruning pole to prune the banana leaves.

**soma**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)soma* v.tr. *somere* (a) to peck at, to pick up (e.g. termites) • *Onkoko ansomere omu kirwaire.* A hen has pecked me in the wound. (b) to nag, to henpeck, to find foult with (c) to eat (soup), to sip soup, to sup • *Omwana abbaire akusoma omucwe ne gumwoca.* The child was eating soup, and it burnt her. (c) (of a snake) to bite • *Onjoka yamusomere nga akuzwa omu kibira.* He was bitten by a snake while coming from the forest. **soma**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)soma* v.tr. *somere* (a) to read • *Muwonge yasomere eBbaibbuli oku Sande kusai muno.* Muwonge read the Bible on Sunday quite well. (b) to study • *Omwana akusoma kusai.* The child is studying well.

**somba** *(oku)somba* v.tr. *sombere* to collect (in several trips), to to gather, to to bring together • *Somba amabbaale ago ogaingirye omu nyumba.* Collect those stones and put them into the house.

**sombooka** *(oku)sombooka* v.intr. *sombookere* to congregate, to to gather in a crowd, to to come in large numbers • *Abantu baasombookere okuramya Okanca.* Many people congregated to pray to God.

**somboola** *(oku)somboola* v.tr. *somboire* (a) to collect, to to gather (in large quantities) • *Emisaale bakusomboola gya kwomboka kigango.* They are collecting many poles for constructing a hall. (b) to gather together, to bring together in a large group, to bring in crowds, to assemble • *Omukali yasomboire abantu okwaba okumubona.* She brought together very many people.

**somera** *(oku)somera* v.tr. *somere* to study (a field, discipline) • *Yasomereire byabulumi.* He studied agriculture.

**somesya** *(oku)somesya* v.tr. *someserye* to teach • *Amaite okutusomesya Olujungu nitucuraanuka eisomo.* He knows how to teach us English, and we fully understand.

**somoka** *(oku)somoka* v.intr./tr. *somokere* (a) to cross (e.g. a lake, a river), to cross over (a body of water) • *Abantu bakusomoka enyanja.* People are crossing the lake. (b) (euphemism) to die, to pass away • *Yasomekere mu mwaka oguweire.* He passed away last year.

**somola** *(oku)somola* v.tr. *somoire* (a) (of a boat) to transport, to

cause to cross over, to ferry over, to cross over (a body of water) • *Naani eyasomola abantu omwiga?* Who will transport the people across the river? (b) to take away slowly or gradually, to steal one by one • *Lwaki okusomola ebyama bya Bukama?* Why are you stealing the kingdom's secrets?

**somolya** *(oku)somolya* v.tr. *somoirye* to take away slowly or gradually, to steal one by one • *Omwana asomoirye omuniki omu kanaga.* A child has snatched piece of meat from the cooking pot.

**sona** *(oku)sona* v.tr. *sonere* to weave, to weave, to sew, to stitch • *Nkyasona mukeeka gwange.* I am still weaving my mat.

**sonda** *(oku)sonda* v.tr. *sondere* to contribute money (for a wedding or funeral), to gather together little by little • *Tukusonda sente za mbaga.* We are gathering little by little money for the construction of a church.

**songa**<sup>1</sup> conj. yet, but nevertheless, whereas • *Nayakaire Mugongo songa ye ayakaire Gwero.* I went to Mugongo whereas she went to Gwero.

**songa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)songa* v.tr. *songere* (a) to slaughter (a dying animal) • *Onte ali ampi okufa bamusonga.* A cow that is about to die is slaughtered. (b) to spear (an animal) for the second time • *Songa okisolo omwite.* Spear the animal again to kill it.

**songoba** *(oku)songoba* v.intr. *songo-*

*bere* (of a boy) to break voice • *Omutaani wange asongobere.* My son's voice has broken.

**songoka** *(oku)songoka* v.intr. *songokere* (of a pencil or stick) to be sharpened, to be pointed • *Ekalaamu esongokere kusai.* The pencil is well sharpened.

**songola** [see also *songolya*] *(oku)songola* v.tr. *songoire* to make pointed, to sharpen (e.g. a stick, a pencil) • *Songola ekalaamu za baana.* Sharpen the children's pencils.

**songoli** (e.g. *musongoli, kisonsongoli, lusongoli*) adj. pointed, elongated • *Ekalaamu yange gisogoli.* My pencil is sharp.

**songolya** [see also *songola*] *(oku) songolya* v.tr. *songoirye* to make pointed, to sharpen (e.g. a stick, a pencil) • *Songolya ekalaamu yange!* Sharpen my pencil!

**sonseka** <Lunyala> *(oku)sonseka* v.tr. *sonsekere* to insert, to push (into a hole or opening), to slip in • *Sonseka okugulu omu nkaito.* Push the foot into the shoe.

**sonsoda** *(oku)sonsoda* v.intr. *sonsodere* to limp • *Lwaki omwana oyo akusonsoda?* Why is that child limping?

**sonsoka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)sonsoka* v.tr. *sonsokere* to insert, to push in, to slip in • *Yasonsokere omusaale omu kiwulu.* He pushed a stick into the hole.

**sonya** *(oku)sonya* v.tr. *sonyere* to instigate, to prompt, to incite, to encourage, to provoke • *Omwojo oni akusonya abaira baamwe okulwana.* This boy is provoking his pals to fight.

**sonyiwa** *(oku)sonyiwa* v.tr. *sonyiwire* to forgive, to pardon, to excuse • *Sonyiwa akukoore okubbi.* Forgive one who does you wrong.

**sonyiwala** *(oku)sonyiwala* v.intr. *sonyiwaire* to be ashamed, to feel guilty • *Ekisaiza bakikwaite kikusyola, kiri awo kisonyiwaire.* A man was arrested practicing nightdancing, and he is ashamed.

**sooba** *(oku)sooba* v.intr. *soobere* to walk slowly, to go slowly, to move stealthily, to move carefully • *Sooba okwate onkoko.* Move slowly and catch the hen.

**sooda** *(o)sooda* n.1a <from En.> soda • *Tukunya osooda.* We are drinking soda.

**sooka** *(oku)sooka* v.tr. *sookere* to do first, to be first, to be the first one • *Niye yatusookere okunaaba omu ngalo.* He was the first to wash the hands.

**sookisi** *(e)sookisi* n.9/10 <from En.> sock • *Nkuzwala sookisi.* I am wearing socks.

**soole** *(e)soole* n.9/10 <from En.> sole (of a shoe or footwear) • *Esoole ya nkaito yaamu gigumu.* The sole of your shoe is strong.

**soolooba** *(oku)soolooba* v.intr. *sooloobere* (a) to be superior to, to be senior to • *Opurezidenti abba yasooloobere omu bantu.* A president is superior to other people. (b) to be outstanding • *Omwegi oyo yasoolobere ku bairaamwe.* That student was outstanding among others.

**soona** *(oku)soona* v.tr. *soonere* (a) to steal an opportunity from, to snatch an opportunity from • *Emotoka yaakubbaire yange baitu oByerwanju yansoonere.* That car could have been mine, but Byerwanju snatched the opportunity from me. (b) to trick in order to get information • *Omukali oyo musoone akukobere ekiyinza okubba nga nikyo ekyaitire oiba waamwe.* Trick that woman so that she can tell you what could have caused her husband's death.

**soonooka** *(oku)soonooka* v.intr. *soonookere* to walk slowly, to act slowly, to move slowly and cautiously, to walk stealthily • *Lwaki okusoonooka, wabba mulwaire?* Why are you walking slowly? Are you sick?

**soonya** *(oku)soonya* v.tr. *soonyere* to peck • *Onkoko ansoonyere omu kyoya.* A hen has pecked me in the wound.

**soosi**<sup>1</sup> *(o)soosi* n.1a dung of a tender calf (before it starts grazing) • *Onyana eyakabyalibwa awuluka soosi.* A newly born calf defecates 'soosi'.

**soosi**<sup>2</sup> *(e)soosi* n.9/10 <from En.> saucer • *Amaizi ga mugenyi gatware ku soosi.* Carry the water for the visitor in the saucer.

**sooza** *(oku)sooza* v.intr. *soozere* to practise teeth-sucking, to make a sucking noise with the lips as an expression of contempt, to suck one's teeth as an expression of contempt **sora** *(oku)sora* v.tr. *soire* (a) to dig up, to harvest (e.g. groundnuts) • *Amaido bagasora okuzwa ku kitina.* The groundnuts are removed from the stem. (b) **sora mweso** to play a board game

**soroma** *(oku)soroma* v.tr. *soromere* to gather, to compile, to assemble, to collect • *Soroma emwani ezo ziweewo.* Gather all that coffee.

**soroolya** *(oku)soroolya* v.tr. *soroirye* to gather, to collect (taxes), to requisition • *Soroolya omusolo okuzwa omu katale.* Collect the tax from the market.

**soroora** [see also *sosola*] *(oku)soroora* v.tr. *soroire* (a) to pick, to pick out (bones of fish, one's nails, etc.) • *Sooka osoroore oncwi nga okyala kumuweerya baana.* First pick out the bones from the fish before you give to the children. (b) to sort, to organise • *Sorooramu ebikopo ebisai.* Sort out the fine cups. (c) to segregate, to marginalise, to discriminate against (e.g. a person of another religion) • *Abagaiga batera okusoroora abaseege.* The rich tend to discriminate against the poor.

**sosa** *(oku)sosa* v.tr. *sosere* to check, to examine • *Ategere omutego, asosa.* The one who sets a trap, checks it.

**sosoidya** *(oku)sosoidya* v.tr. *sosoiderye* to provoke, to instigate, to incite, to encourage, to pick a quarrel with • *Ka nyabe mmusosoidye alwane.* Let

me go and provoke him to fight.

**sosola** [see also *soroora*] *(oku)sosola* v.tr. *sosoire* (a) to pick, to to pick out (bones of fish, one's nails, to etc.) • *Sooka ososole oncwi nga okyala kumuweerya baana.* First pick out the bones from the fish before you give to the children. (b) to sort, to organise (c) to segregate, to discriminate • *Abagaiga batera okusoroora abanaku.* The rich tend to discriminate against the needy.

**sosootola** *(oku)sosootola* v.tr. *sosootoire* to unwrap (a bundle of cooked food before serving) • *Sosootola emere tulye.* Unwrap the food so that we can eat.

**sotya** *(oku)sotya* v.intr. *soiterye* to move slowly (due to fatigue or illness), to drag oneself • *Namwakaireku obwire ng'akusotya.* I passed by her while she was walking very slowly.

# **sowaani** [see *saani*]

**soweera** *(oku)soweera* v.tr. *soweire, sowereire* to compensate, to make up (to) • *Niiwe wamukubbire olubbale, musoweere!* It is you who beat her, and she got a cut, so compensate her. **sowonkana** *(oku)sowonkana* v.intr. *sowonkaine* to be elongated • *Ekigogo kini kyasowonkaine.* This banana plant is elongated.

**soyabini** *(o)soyabini* n.1a <from En.> soya bean • *Osoyabini n'akala apaalunka.* When soya bean seeds get dry, they pop.

**Ssabepisikoopi** *(o)Ssabepisikoopi*

n.1a/2 <from En.> archbishop (of the Catholic church) • *OSsaabepiskoopi niye akuura eisaza erikulu.* The archbishop is the head of the archdiocese. **subiira** *(oku)subiira* v.tr. *subiriire* to tell (a story, a legend), to narrate • *Ka nkusubiire ekisubiiro kya Wakame n'Ontale.* Let me tell you a story about the Hair and the Lion.

**subuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)subuka* v.intr. *subukire* to hail from, to originate • *Osubuka ayi?* Where do you hail from?

**subuka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)subuka* v.tr. *subukire* to tie, to bind • *Subuka ombuli oyo.* Tie that goat.

**subulaku** *(oku)subulaku* v.intr. *subwireku* to give up • *Nalindire odureeva nga takwiza, ni nsubulaku, ni nyaba.* I waited for the driver until I gave up and left.

**subwa** *(oku)subwa* v.tr. *subirwe* to miss (an opportunity) • *Wasubirwe okubona oIsabaruuli.* You missed the opportunity to see the Isabaruuli.

**suka** *(oku)suka* v.tr. *sukire* to pour • *Yasukire amaizi omu kikopo n'aweerya omwana waamwe.* She poured water into the cup and gave it to her child.

**sukaali** *(o)sukaali* n.1a <from En.> (a) sugar • *Osukaali yaniinire ebbeeyi.* The price of sugar has risen. (b) diabetes • *E Mulago waliyo abalwaire ba sukaali baingi.* There are many patients with diabetes in Mulago hospital. (c) baby-girl • *Nabyaire sukaali.* I gave birth to a baby-girl.

**sukaaligulu** *(o)sukaaligulu* n.1a

brown sticky sugar commonly used to crude waragi • *Osukaaligulu bamukolamu waragi.* The brown sticky sugar is used to make crude waragi.

**sukiira** *(oku)sukiira* v.tr. *sukiriire* (a) to water, to irrigate • *Musukiire ebirume byanywe leke mugobolole.* Irrigate your plants for maximum profits. (b) to assist by pouring water (for a person) to wash hands • *Sukiira abageni omu ngalo.* Help pouring water for the visitors to wash hands. **sukuka** *(oku)sukuka* v.intr. *sukukire* (a) to flow rapidly, to pour, to be shaken out (e.g. a liquid from a container) • *Amaizi gakusukuka okuliga omu kidomola.* The water is pouring from the jerry can. (b) to rain • *Oikendi asukukire mwingi olwaleero.* It has rained heavily today.

**sukula** *(oku)sukula* v.tr. *sukwire* (a) to shake • *Sukula na maani ekidomola kyere.* Shake the jerry can so that it cleans properly. (b) to position (e.g. a child on one's back) • *Omwana waamu musukule atagwa.* Push forward the child so that she does not fall down. (c) to pull up (e.g. one's pants) (d) (of a calf) to hit (the udder of a cow) • *Onyana asukula ekibeere leka amatai gaize.* The calf hits the udder to make the milk flow.

**suukuluduleeva** *(e)suukuluduleeva* n.9/10 <from En.> screwdriver • *Abamakanika bakolesya esuukuluduleeva okubbwa enati.* The mechanics use screwdrivers to tighten the nuts.

**sula** *(oku)sula* v.intr. *suure* to sleep, to spend a night, to pass a night • *Sula ani oyabe emambya.* Spend the night here and go tomorrow.

**suliira** *(oku)suliira* v.intr./tr. *suliriire* (a) to be on the verge of, to be about to • *Omukali wange akusuliira kubyala.* My wife is about to give birth. (b) to plan (especially for the following day) • *Nkusuliira kukeera Kampala.* I plan to go very early to Kampala. (c) to spend the night with, to stay overnight with (often implying inconvenience to the usual in habitants), to spend the night preoccupied with (a present concern or future plans)

**sulika** *(oku)sulika* v.tr. *sulikire* (a) to turn upside down, to turn over, to reverse (b) to put at an angle, to incline, to slant, to tilt • *Sulika efulasika amaizi gazwemu goona.* Slant the flask so that all the water pours out. (c) to bow down (e.g. one's head) • *Kisai okusulika omutwe nga obwoine omuntu omukulu.* It is good to bow your head if you see an elder.

**sulisya** *(oku)sulisya* v.tr. *sulisirye* to accommodate for a night, to give company at night • *Amusulisirye ebiro bibiri.* He accommodated him for two nights.

**suliza** *(oku)suliza* v.intr. *suliize, sulizire* to sniffle, to sniff, to draw air into the nose, to snuffle, to snort • *Abaana abamwe bataka okusuliza mu kifo kya kufulya.* Some children prefer sniffling to blowing their

## noses.

**suluka** *(oku)suluka* v.tr. *sulukire* (of a roof) to incline, to make slope, to tilt • *Enyumba baagisulukire kusai.* The roof of the house was inclined well.

**sulyenke** *(o)sulyenke* n.1a/10 raven • *Osulyenke alya amenju.* The raven eats the yellow bananas.

**sumantya** *(oku)sumantya* v.tr. *sumantirye* to make smooth (the surface of pottery) • *Nkusumantya mirugwa gya binaga.* I am smoothening the frames of my pots.

**sumba** *(oku)sumba* v.tr. *sumbire* to boil, to cook • *Sumba amaizi ago tuganywe.* Boil that water and we'll take it.

**sumbata** *(oku)sumbata* v.tr. *sumbatire* to hug, to embrace • *Omusaiza asumbatire omwiraamwe mu ngeri ya kinyankore.* A man has hugged his fellow man in Ankore style.

**sumbe** (e.g. *musumbe, kisumbe, misumbe*) adj. (a) cooked • *Emere eni gisumbe.* This food is cooked. (b) boiled • *Nywa amaizi agasumbe gonkai.* Drink only boiled water.

**sumbeeta** *(oku)sumbeeta* v.tr. *sumbeetere* to comfort, to console • *Sumbeeta omwana atakunga.* Comfort that child so that it does not cry.

**sumbiira** *(oku)sumbiira* v.tr. *sumbiriire* to prepare (a girl) for marital life (a series of functions traditionally performed by the paternal aunt and sister-in-law of the bride, including instructions) • *Omwala bamusu-* *mbiira nga asigairyeyo ebiro bidooli aswerebwe.* A girl is prepared for marital life shortly before marriage. **sumbirwa** *(oku)sumbirwa* v.tr. *sumbiirwe* (of a woman) to marry • *OJane asumbiirwe omusaiza omusai.* Jane has married a good man.

**sumbisya** *(oku)sumbisya* v.tr. *sumbisirye* to compliment (the cook for preparing food after eating) • *Omusaiza aliire baitu tasumbisirye mukali waamwe.* The man has eaten but has not complimented his wife for cooking.

**sumbukana** *(oku)sumbukana* v.intr. *sumbukaine* to be bothered • *Tintaka kusumbukana n'abintu bitalina makuru.* I don't want to be bothered with things that are useless.

**sumbulukuka** *(oku)sumbulukuka* v.intr. *sumbulukukire* to break (down), to become inoperative • *Ekyoto kya gaali yange kisumbulukukire.* The front derailleur of my bicycle has broken.

**sumbuusa** *(e)sumbuusa* n.9/10 samosa (triangular fried savory pastry filled with vegetables or meat) • *Mpeeryayo esumbuusa ibiri.* Give me two samosas, please.

**sumika** *(oku)sumika* v.tr. *sumikire* (a) to knot on, to fasten on (an item of barkcloth clothing), to wear (a dress) (b) to install (a heir) • *Tukusumikira musika wa nguli Katongole.* We are installing an heir for the late Katongole.

**sumirya** *(oku)sumirya* v.tr. *sumii-*

*rye* to motion, to signal with a hand • *Musumiryeku leke ize ani atuyambeku.* Signal to him to come and help us.

**sumita** *(oku)sumita* v.tr. *sumitire* (a) to pierce, to spear, to prick, to stab • *Sumita okisolo oyo atumaliire embuli.* Spear that animal, it has eaten all our goats. (b) **sumita lya mpaali** to spear an animal which is not in a trap • *Omuyiigi asumitire lya mpaali.* The hunter has speared the animal before it fell into the net.

**sumuka** *(oku)sumuka* v.intr. *sumukire* to get a hole, to be pierced, to be bored • *Esefuliya yange esumukire.* My saucepan got a hole.

**sumula** *(oku)sumula* v.tr. *sumwire* to punch, to pierce, to make a hole in • *Omusumaali gusumula omupiira gwa gaali.* A nail punches the bicycle tyre.

**suna** *(oku)suna* v.tr. *sunire* (a) to pinch • *Lwaki osuna abairaawo?* Why are you pinching your friends? (b) to play a string musical instrument (e.g. guitar) • *Omu Ugunda mulimu abantu badooli abamaite okusuna egita.* There are a few people in Uganda who know how to play egita. (c) **suna (a)mabeere** (of a girl) to start growing breasts • *Omwala asunire amabeere.* The girl has started to grow breasts.

**sungerya** *(oku)sungerya* v.tr. *sungereirye* to peep at, to glance at • *Niiwe naani akunsungeerya?* Who is that peeping at me?

**sunna** *(e)sunna* n.9/10 <from Ar.> sunnah (optional good deed) • *Abasiraamu bataka muno okukola esunna.* Muslims are fond of doing sunnahs.

**sunsa** *(o)sunsa* n.1a/10 pumpkin leaf used as food • *Osunsa bamukolamu omukubi ogurungire.* Pumpkin leaves are used to make a sauce mixed with groundnut paste.

**sunsula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)sunsula* v.tr. *sunswire* (a) to comb • *Yaba osunsule eisoke.* Go and comb your hair. (b) to select (e.g. an employee), to pick out (e.g. a winner) • *Olwaleero omanegya wa Buruuli FM akwaba kunsulamu abakoli.* Today, the manager of Buruuli FM is going to select employees. (c) **sunsula pampa** to gin (cotton), separate (cotton) from its seeds • *Ekyoma kikusunsula opampa okukolamu engoye.* The ginnery is ginning cotton for making garments.

**sunsula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)sunsula* v.tr. *sunswire* (a) to carry on one's shoulders • *Asunswire omwana.* He is carrying a child on his shoulders. (b) to drive or serve as chauffeur for (the Isabanyala or Isabaruuli)

**sunsuuna** *(oku)sunsuuna* v.intr. *sunsuunire* to slurp • *Twansunsuunire nga tukulya encwi.* We slurp while eating the fish.

**supa** *(o)supa* n.1a concentrated local gin (war gin) • *Osupa omwingi aita ng'omunywere.* The concentrated local gin can kill if you consume it excessively.

**supu** *(o)supu* n.1a/10 <from En.>

soup • *Buli lunaku yasumbiranga onyina waamwe osupu.* Every day, she used to cook soup for her mother.

**sureerya** *(oku)sureerya* v.tr. *sureirye* (a) to swing, to ride a swing, to wave (b) to keep on the go, to cause to move about, to bother • *Abaana babbaire bakusureerya omukali okuzwa mambya.* The children have been keeping the woman on the go since morning.

**suruka** *(oku)suruka* v.intr. *surukire* (a) to fly • *Akanyonyi kasurukirewo ani.* The bird has flown away. (b) to change location, to migrate, to move • *Omwikali waawo yasurukire.* The resident of that place migrated.

**surukya** *(oku)surukya* v.tr. *surukirye* (a) to transfer, to transport, to deliver • *Embuli baazisurukirye ne bazitwala omu faamu.* The goats were transferred to the farm. (b) to get rid (of termites by using chemicals) • *Yasurikirye ekiswa.* He got rid of termites from the termite mound.

**susa**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)susa* v.intr. *sisire* (of a baby) to gain weight, to get plump • *Omwana wange asusire.* My baby has gained weight.

**susa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)susa* v.tr. *sisire* (a) to peel, to shell, to husk • *Susa amatooke ago.* Peel those matoke please. (b) to rebuke, to admonish, to reprove, to chastise, to critisise

**susubuka** *(oku)susubuka* v.intr. *susubukire* (of skin) to peel off • *Omukono gwamwe guzimbire era ati gu-* *kususubuka.* His arm is swollen, and the skin is peeling off.

**susubula** *(oku)susubula* v.tr. *susubwire* to remove (tree bark) • *Susubula omusaale ogwo tutooleku olubugo.* Skin off the outer layer of the tree and we will make bark cloth.

**susuka** *(oku)susuka* v.intr. *susukire* (a) to spill, to overflow, to boil over • *Amatai gakususuka labuka ogayiye ku muuro.* The milk is spilling, hurry and remove it from the fire. (b) (of skin) to peel off • *Olususu lwamwe lususukire.* Her skin has peeled off.

**susula** *(oku)susula* v.tr. *suswire* (a) to peel• *Susula amenju nga okyali kugalya.* Peel the yellow banana before you eat it. (b) to wipe, to rub, to rub dry, to clean • *Susula entuuyo omu busyo bwamu.* Wipe the sweat from your forehead.

**susuula** *(oku)susuula* v.tr. *suswire* to clean (esp. a baby) • *Susuula omwana kusai n'okyali kumutwala mu irwaro.* Clean the baby properly before you take her to hospital.

**susuuna** *(oku)susuuna* v.tr. *susuunire* to suck • *Lwaki okususuuna omusokoolo ogwo otyo?* Why are you sucking the bone marrow like that?

**susuurya** *(oku)susuurya* v.tr. *suswirye* to remove by wiping, to wipe off • *Susuurya eitakali oku kisusuuryo.* Wipe off the soil from the doormat.

**sutama** *(oku)sutama* v.intr. *sutamire* to squat, to sit on one's haunches, to sit on one's heels • *Kibbi omukali okusutama mu buwangwa bwa Ba-* *ganda.* According to the customs of the Baganda, it is bad for a woman to squat.

**suubi** *(e)suubi* n.5 (a) chance, possibility • *Nkobera oba nga wakyaliwo esuubi erindi.* Tell me whether there is still another chance. (b) hope, optimism • *Nkyalina esuubi lingi okwirayo ku isomero.* I still have much hope to continue with my studies.

**suubira** *(oku)suubira* v.tr. *suubiriire* (a) to hope, to intend • *Nkusuubira okwiza emambya.* I am hoping to come tomorrow. (b) to anticipate, to sense, to expect • *Nkusuubirayo akabbi omu nyumba.* I sense danger in the house.

**suubiriira** *(oku)suubiriira* v.tr. *suubiriire* to suspect, to guess, to estimate • *Naani gw'okusuubiriira okwibba ente zaamu?* Whom do you suspect of stealing your cows?

**suubirya** *(oku)suubirya* v.tr. *suubiirye* to promise • *Abana byabufuzi basuubirya ebintu bingi ni batabikiirya.* Politicians promise many things, which they never fulfil.

**suubiza** *(oku)suubiza* v.intr. *suubiize* to make a promise • *Lwaki osuubizanga n'otayikiirya.* Why do you make promises, which you never fulfil?

**suubula** *(oku)suubula* v.tr. *suubwire* to trade, to deal (in) • *Oite wange asuubula nte.* My father trades in cattle.

**suukiira** *(oku)suukiira* v.intr. *suukiriire* to rage, to be angry, to be furious • *Ti kisai omwebembezi okusuukiira awatali nsonga.* It is not good for a leader to become angry without a good reason.

**suula** *(e)suula* n.9/10 chapter • *Swekula esuula ya kasatu omu Matayo.* Open the third chapter in Matthew. **suumuuka** *(oku)suumuuka* v.intr./tr. *suumuukire* (a) to grow, to get big-

ger, to grow up, to mature • *Enyana zange zisuumuukiremu nkusobola ati okuzitunda.* My calves have grown up I can now sell them. (b) to emit (gas, to air), to discharge, to release • *motoka ezikaire zikusuumuuka ekiika ekibbi.* Old cars are emitting bad gas.

**suunya** *(oku)suunya* v.tr. *suunyire* to whip, to cane • *Omwana namusuunyire obusuunyo busatu bwonkai.* I only whipped the child three times. **suuta**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)suuta* v.tr. *suliire* to compliment, to praise, to express approval of • *Buli mubyaire asuuta muno omwana waamwe.* Every parent

praises his child.

**suuta**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)suuta* v.tr. *suutire* to score a goal (e.g. in netball, volley ball) • *We niiwe okwaba okutusuutira omupiira.* You are the one who is going to score a goal for us.

**suwaani** [see *saani*]

**swa** *(oku)swa* v.intr. *swire* <from archaic> to die, to pass away, to perish • *Buli mwaka abantu baswera omu butandwa.* Every year many people die in accidents.

**swabula** *(oku)swabula* v.tr. *swabwi-*

*re* to beat, to cane, to strike • *Yaswabwire omwana obwigo kubba yasomere kubbi.* He caned the child because he did not perform well in his studies.

**swaga** *(oku)swaga* v.tr. *swagire* to look for, to search for • *Nkwaba kuswaga saawa yange yagwire omu maizi.* I am looking for my watch, which fell into water.

**swagana** *(oku)swagana* v.tr. *swagaine* to look for, to search for • *Ka nkuswaganire omusaiza eyakuswera.* Let me search for a man to marry you.

**swaganiirya** *(oku)swaganiirya* v.intr. *swaganiirye, swaganiriirye* to do research, to investigate • *Akuswaganiriirya oku omubazi gwa kugema musuja.* He is doing research on malaria vaccination.

**swagi** *(o)swagi* n.1a/10 device used to search for things underwater • *Baguure oswagi eizo.* They bought a device used to search for drowned things yesterday.

**swagirya** *(oku)swagirya* v.intr. *swagiirye* (a) to make sound of footsteps, to make noise (by people or animals moving) • *Nkuwuura abantu nga bakuswagirya.* I hear people walking. (b) to perform a ritual which involves going to the bush to invoke spirits (mainly performed by traditional priests)

**swahabba** *(o)swahaba* n.1a/2 <from Ar.> (a) friend • *Oswahabba alwaire omusuja.* My friend is suffering from malaria. (b) person who saw

and lived with Mohammed

**swaitulya** *(oku)swaitulya* v.tr. *swaitwirye* to husk, to remove husks from • *Swaitulya obwita tubutwale oku kyoma.* Husk the millet so that we can take it to the grinding mill.

**swakaania** *(oku)swakaania* v.intr. *swakainie* to rustle • *Nkuura ebikuswakaania awo.* I hear something rustling.

**swakira** *(oku)swakira* v.intr. *swakiire* (a) (of a cobra) to spread the hood • *Oncwera yaswakiire ni yabwoine abaana.* The cobra spread its hood when it saw the children. (b) to be angry, to rage, to be furious • *Omukali aswakiire nka ompiri.* The woman is raging like a snake.

**swala** *(oku)swala* v.intr. *swaire* to be embarrassed, to be ashamed • *Oiza kuswala nga tosunswire isoke.* You will get embarrassed if you do not comb your hair.

**swalisya** *(oku)swalisya* v.tr. *swalisirye* to bring shame to, to embarrass, to disgrace • *Omwiraamu omuswalisirye bundi.* You have brought shame to your colleague a lot.

**swaluka** *(oku)swaluka* v.intr. *swalukire* to be very ashamed, to be extremely embarrassed • *Oswaire muno n'oswaluka olwa kukubba mukali waamu.* You should be extremely embarrassed because of beating your wife.

**swankula** *(oku)swankula* v.intr. *swankwire* to munch, to eat noisily, to chew noisily • *Lwaki olya okuswa-* *nkula nk'omberege?* Why do you munch like a pig?

**swanyuula** *(oku)swanyuula* v.tr. *swanywire* to beat, to cane, to flog, to whip • *Swanyuula omwana waamu aleke omuze ogwo.* Cane your child to stop that bad habit.

**swaswana** *(oku)swaswana* v.intr. *swawaine* (a) to be estranged, to be alienated • *Yaswaswaine n'alekawo amaka olwa nkaayana.* He became estranged from his family after the argument. (b) to divorce, to get divorced • *Omukali aswaswaine kubba oibaamwe mwenzi.* The woman has divorced her husband because he is lustful.

**swaya** *(e)swaya* n.9/10 way of expressing bliss (e.g. by performing a dance, ululation)

**swaza** *(oku)swaza* v.tr. *swazire, swaize* to embarrass, to humiliate • *Omukoi yanswazire ni yagaine okulya e bukoi.* The brother-in-law embarrassed me when he refused to dine with the in-laws.

**sweka** *(oku)sweka* v.tr. *swekere* (a) to cover, to coat • *Weesweke ebbulangiti.* Cover yourself with the blanket. (b) to roof • *Tusweke enyumba n'eisubi.* Let's roof the house with grass. (c) to give a dress (to a woman who has lost her husband) • *Omukali bamujwekere ni yafeereirwe oibaamwe.* The woman was given a dress when she lost her husband.

**swekula** *(oku)swekula* v.tr. *swekwire* (a) to uncover • *Swekula omwana*

*empiita gingi.* Uncover the child, it is too hot. (b) to open • *Swekula esuula ya kasatu omu Matayo.* Open the third chapter in Matthew. (c) to undress

**swera** *(oku)swera* v.tr. *sweire* (of a man) to wed, to marry • *Nsweire omukali owondi.* I have married another wife.

**swerwa** *(oku)swerwa* v.tr. *sweirwe* (of a woman) to marry • *Nansikombi yasweirwe omusaiza omusai.* Nansikombi married a nice man.

**sweta**<sup>1</sup> [see also *siyeta*] *(e)sweta* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) theatre (as a venue) (b) operating theatre, operating room • *Omukali bamuswekere ni yafeereirwe oibaamwe.* The patient has been taken to the operating theatre for a surgical operation.

**sweta**<sup>2</sup> *(e)sweta* n.9/10 <from En.> sweater • *Tandika okukamba esweta.* Start knitting the sweater.

**swici** *(e)swici* n.9/10 <from En.> switch, button • *Taaku eswici eri emabega wa kabada.* Turn on the switch behind the cupboard.

**swii** ideo. all • *Emere ajeyere swii!* He has swept out all the food.

**swoitana** *(oku)swoitana* v.intr. *swoitaine* to quarrel incessantly • *Abaala abo bakuswoitanambe.* Those girls are just quarrelling incessantly.

**sya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)sya* v.tr. *syeire* to grind • *Nkusya bwita bwa kutunda.* I am grinding millet for sale.

**sya**<sup>2</sup> ideo. totally • *Sya! Nje ngaine by'okunkoba.* I have totally objected to what you are telling me.

**syatasyata**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)syatasyata* v.intr. *syatiresyatire* to wander aimlelsly, to walk aimlessly or blindly, to walk in confusion • *Omusirikale yakubbire amasasi ni basyatasyata.* The soldier fired bullets and they ran in confusion.

**syatasyata**<sup>2</sup> *(e)syatasyata* n.9 very hard times • *Musaiza waitu ali mu syatasyata.* The man is having a very hard time.

**syatuuka** *(oku)syatuuka* v.intr. *syatuukire* (a) to walk hurriedly, to rush • *Omu kifo kya kutambula, osyatuukambe.* Instead of walking normally you are just rushing. (b) to wander at random, to walk aimlessly, to roam (c) to trespass • *Mutasyatuukira mu ndumiro yange.* Don't trespass in my garden.

**syera** *(oku)syera* v.tr. *syeire* to sell (expensively), to hike (price) • *Akusyera omubazi gwamu.* He sells his medicine very expensively.

**syesyetuka** *(oku)syesyetuka* v.intr. *syesyetukire* (a) to move over, to make room for someone to sit • *Saba abantu abo basyesyetuke.* Ask those people to move over. (b) to slip, to slide, to fall off, to fall down, to become loose (c) to make a slow progress • *Omwana asyesyetukire mu byabanyega yaamwe.* The child has made some slow progress in his studies.

**syetuka**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)syetuka* v.intr. *syetukire* to fight out • *Niwalemeraku tukwiza kusyetuka.* If you insist, we will fight it out the hard way.

**syetuka**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)syetuka* v.intr. *syetukire* to move along slowly, to move aside (in sitting), to slide over, to slip over • *Tusyetuke mpolampola nga nimwo tukwigereera emere.* Let us move along slowly towards the food. **syetula** *(oku)syetula* v.tr. *syetwire* to shift, to move over (a heavy object) • *Twabe tusyetule ensuwa ya maizi.* Let us go and move over that pot of water.

**syola** *(oku)syola* v.tr. *syoire* to bewitch (by performing night dancing), to put a spell on, to curse • *Eizo twakwaite omusyoli ng'akusyola endumiro ya mulirirwana waamwe.* Yesterday we arrested a night dancer bewitching his neighbour's garden.

**syoma** *(oku)syoma* v.tr. *syomere* (a) to come for, to collect, to pick up • *Syoma omwana abbaire ani ebiro bingi.* Pick up that child, he's been here already for too long. (b) to fetch (e.g. water) • *Baabire ku izuba kusyoma maizi.* They have gone to the well to fetch water.

**syotooki** (e.g. *kisyotooki, musyotooki, basyotooki*) adj. flat• *Lwaki okutaka omuntu omusyotooki wa matako?* Why do you like someone with a flat bottom?

# **T**

**ta**1 *(oku)ta* v.intr. none (*bbaire* or *bba* is used instead) (a) to be, to exist • *Ota mulemeeri muno.* You are very heavy. (b) to stay, to live • *Nje nta Kitimbwa era nijo nabyaliirwe.* I live in Kitimbwa and that is where I was born.

**ta**2 *(oku)ta* v.tr. *taire* (a) to put, to position, to lay, to place • *Ta ani ekalaamu oyabe.* Put the pencil here and go away. (b) to fix, to mend, to repair• *Ta ekyoma kini oku pikipiki etambule kusai.* Fix this metal to enable the motorbike to move properly. (c) to let go, to set free, to release • *Ta abaana bayabe ku isomero.* Let the children go to school.

**taaba** *(o)taaba* n.1a <from En.> (a) tobacco • *Otaaba atamba aneneibwe onjoka.* Tobacco cures snake bites. (b) **munywi wa taaba** smoker • *Omunywi wa taaba abba n'eiro.* A smoker has a craving for cigarettes.

**taabaana** *(oku)taabaana* v.intr. *taabaine* to struggle unsuccessfully • *Ali eyo akutaabaana n'ensi.* He is struggling unsuccessfully in his life.

**taabanda** *(oku)taabanda* v.intr. *taabandire* to starve, to suffer • *Lwaki okutaabanda nga olina oiteewo?* Why are you starving when you still have your father?

**taabbu** *(e)taabbu* n.9 danger, hazard, troublesome situation, threat • *Banayuganda bali mu taabbu ya maani.*

Ugandans are in a great danger.

**taaguka** *(oku)taaguka* v.intr. *taagukire* to break off • *Eitaagi litaagukire ku musaale.* The tree branch has broken off from the tree.

**taagula** *(oku)taagula* v.tr. *taagwire* to claw, to scratch, to lacerate, to tear • *Okapa ataagwire omwana.* The cat has clawed the child.

**taagulataagula** *(oku)taagulataagula* v.tr. *taagwiretaagwire* to tear (into pieces) • *Ongoi ataagwiretaagwire ombuzi wange.* The leopard has torn my goat into pieces.

**taaguuka** *(oku)taaguuka* v.intr. *taaguukire* (a) to be torn, to get scratched up • *Esaati yange etaaguukire.* My shirt is torn. (b) to collapse, to fall apart, to break down • *Ebibiina ebyegaiti mu Uganda byataaguukire.* Cooperatives in Uganda collapsed.

**taaku** *(oku)taaku* v.tr. *taireku* (a) to add (on) • *Taaku kiro za sukaali itaanu oku by'ompaire.* Add on five kilograms of sugar to what you have already given to me. (b) to fruit, to bear fruit, to produce fruit • *Omuyembe gwange gutaireku emiyembe gingi.* My mango tree has yielded many mangoes. (c) **taaku (o)mukono** to sign, to add a signature • *Taaku omukono gwamu oku ndagaano.* Add your signature to the agreement. (d) **taaku (e)mikono** to receive a confirmation, to be confirmed in faith

• *Abaana baabire kubataaku mikono.* The children went to receive a confirmation. (e) **taaku (e)taala** to switch on, to turn on • *Taaku etaala amasanyalaze gaire.* Turn on the light, the electricity has come back.

**taala** *(e)taala* n.9/10 (a) light • *Ebimole baabikolesyanga nk'etaala obwire.* Torches made of reeds were to provide light at night. (b) lamp • *Etaala eri ku meeza.* The lamp is on the table. (c) electric bulb, bulb • *Etaala yange erikiire.* My electric bulb has blown up.

**taalaala** *(oku)taalaala* v.intr. *taalaire* (of liquid) to spread all over, to flood • *Amaizi gakutaalaala omu nyumba.* The water has spread all over the house.

**taama** *(oku)taama* v.intr. *taamire* to be annoyed, to be upset, to grow fierce, to become violently angry • *Omupoliisi ataamire n'ata abantu.* The policeman has been upset and killed people.

**taamuka** *(oku)taamuka* v.intr. *taamukire* to be annoyed, to be fierce, to be violently angry • *Nataamukire muno olwa bisuubizo ebya mpewo.* I was very annoyed by his empty promises.

**(-)taanu** (e.g. *bataanu, bitaanu*) num. five • *Alina abagole bataanu.* He has five wives.

**taapu** *(e)taapu* n.9/10 <from En.> water tap • *Etaapu yange esiisikaire.* My water tap has broken down.

**taaruka** *(oku)taaruka* v.intr. *taa-*

*rukire* to be homeless, to have no home • *Abantu bataarukire olwa ntalo.* People became homeless because of wars.

**taarukya** *(oku)taarukya* v.tr. *taarukirye* to exile, to expel, to cast out • *Bamutaarukirye olwa bwibbi.* He was exiled because of stealing.

**taarunkana** *(oku)taarukana* v.intr. *taarukaine* to be mentally disturbed, to be mentally ill • *Omwana oyo ataarukaine atyo.* That child has become mentally disturbed.

**taaruuka** *(oku)taaruuka* v.intr. *taaruukire* to be undisciplined, to be indifferent, to be lazy, to be unconcerned about consequences, to be reckless, to lose all self-restraint • *Omwana yataaruukire.* The child has become undisciplined.

**taarya** *(oku)taarya* v.tr. *taarirye* to spare (e.g. from death), to preserve, to keep • *Yataarirye emiyembe nga akuzuba.* He spared mango plants when he was weeding.

**taata** *(o)taata* n.1a/2 father • *Abataata bakola muno okubbesyawo amaka gaabwe.* Fathers struggle to support their families.

**tataagana** [see *tataagania*]

**taawa** *(oku)taawa* v.intr. *taawire* to be critically ill, to be seriously ill, to be extremely sick, to be in agony, to be on the point of death • *Omusaiza niyataawire obwire obwo, ndowo yamujunire.* When a man became critically ill at night no one came to his rescue.

**taawo**<sup>1</sup> [see also *ta*] *(oku)taawo* v.tr. *tairewo* to put in place, to establish, to set up • *Tukwaba kutaawo amateeka agafuga Bunyala.* We are going to establish regulations for the management of Bunyala Kingdom.

**taawo**<sup>2</sup> *(e)taawo* n.9/10 apron • *Abooki b'anyama bazwala etaawo.* Meat rosters wear aprons.

**taawo**<sup>3</sup> *(e)taawo* n.9/10 fly-over, overpass • *Omu Kampala mulimu etaawo zidyoli.* There are few flyovers in Kampala.

**taayi** *(e)taayi* n.9/10 <from En.> tie, necktie • *Nyegesya okubbwa etaayi.* Teach me how to knot a tie.

**taayisya** *(oku)taayisya* v.tr. *taayisirye* to bring home (herds after grazing) • *Abaliisya ba nte bakuzitaayisya.* The herdsmen are bringing the herd home.

**taba** *(oku)taba* v.tr. *tabire* (a) to mix, to combine • *Taba obuwunga obwo omu maizi.* Mix the flour with water. (b) to amplify, to quicken, to accelerate • *Olwa ngoma okutaba, ndowo yasigaire ansi.* When the drum sounds amplified, no one remained sitting down.

**tabaala** *(oku)tabaala* v.tr. *tabaire* to engage in war, to go to war, to fight against, to fight with • *Abambalansaale batabaire eyatabaalanga omukama.* The royal guards fought against the one who attacked the king.

**tabanguka** *(oku)tabanguka* v.intr. *tabangukire* (a) to be destabilised, to

be unstable • *Ekyalo kitabangukire.* The village has become destabilised. (b) (of liquid) to be stirred, to stirred up, to be polluted • *Amaizi gatabangukire.* The water has been polluted. (c) to become disturbed (of people), to go wild, to get angry • *OMusiita atabangukire oluzwanyuma lwa kumanya nti emotoka yaamwe bagiibbire.* Musiita has gone wild after learning that his car had been stolen. (d) to rage with waves • *Enyanja etabangukire.* The lake is raving with waves.

**tabanguki** (e.g. *mutabanguki, batabanguki*) adj. violent, rough, aggressive • *Aboojo ba mu Ntooke batabanguki.* The boys from Ntooke are violent.

**tabangula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tabangula* v.tr. *tabangwire* to cause confusion to, to confuse • *Naani atabangwire oMusiita?* Who has confused Musiita?

**tabangula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tabangula* v.intr. *tabangwire* to dance cheerfully • *Ababini batabangwire enkende.* The dancers have danced cheerfully.

**tabi** *(i)tabi* n.5/6 branch • *Omusaale guni guliku amatabi gaingi.* This tree has many branches.

**tabika** *(oku)tabika* v.tr. *tabikire* (a) to mix, to mix together, to combine, to join, to fuse • *Ebyo byona bitabike.* Mix all those. (b) to mix up words, confuse, throw into confusion • *Otatabiikiirya bigambo mu bantu.* Do not throw people into confusion.

**tabuka** *(oku)tabuka* v.intr. *tabukire*

to go wrong, to go out of control • *Ebintu bintabukireku.* Things have gone out of my control.

**tabula** *(oku)tabula* v.tr. *tabwire* (a) to mix, to combine • *Ni twamala awo, tukwaba kutabula omusenyu.* After that we are going to mix sand. (b) to throw into disorder, to cause confusion to, to cause disorder to, to cause turmoil to • *Ekyali kikututabula bwali bwebembezi obubbi.* What was causing disorder among us was bad leadership.

**tabule** (e.g. *mitable, gutabule, kitabule*) adj. made, ready, done, prepared • *Ocaayi oyo mutabule.* That tea is ready.

**tabulengane** (e.g. *gitabulengane, kitabulengane*) adj. artificial, imitation • *Tindya mere gitabulengane.* I don't eat artificial food.

**tadooba** *(e)tadooba* n.9/10 small lantern, lamp • *Etadooba erikiire.* The lantern has gone off.

**taga** *(oku)taga* v.intr. *tagire* (a) (of a hen) to move around searching for a place to lay eggs • *Onkoko akutaga, akuswagana kubiika.* The hen is moving around searching for a place to lay eggs. (b) to stagger, to walk unsteadily • *Omutamiire ayakairewo akutaga bundi.* The drunkard passed there staggering.

**tagaatiirya** *(oku)tagaatiirya* v.tr. *tagaatiriirye* to excite, to cause strong feelings of enthusiasm, to thrill, to stir, to stimulate • *Omukali oyo atagaatiirya muno abaira baa-* *mwe.* That woman is good at causing strong feelings of enthusiasm amongst her pals.

**tagala** *(oku)tagala* v.intr. *tagaire* to stagger, to walk unsteadily • *Baitu! Oyo te akutagala ki?* Goodness! Why is that one staggering?

**tagalika** *(oku)tagalika* v.intr. *tagalikire* to be angry, to be furious • *Omwana atagalikire.* The child is furious.

**tagana** *(oku)tagana* v.intr. *tagaine* to struggle, to work hard • *Obwairai nkutagana n'embuli zini.* I have struggled with these goats for quite some time.

**taganisya** *(oku)taganisya* v.tr. *taganisirye* to disturb, to perturb • *Otaganisya muno abairaamu.* You disturb your friends a lot.

**taganjuka** *(oku)taganjuka* v.intr. *taganjukire* to be disorganised, to be ransacked, to be in disarray • *Mpikire omu kisiika kyange ni nyaja ng'ebintu byange bitaganjukire.* I have gone to my room and found all my things in disarray.

**taganjula** *(oku)taganjula* v.tr. *taganjwire* (a) to disorganise, to cause disarray to • *Lwaki mutaganjwire ebintu byange?* Why have you disorganised my property? (b) to search thoroughly, to investigate thoroughly • *Taganjula kusai ensonga ezo.* Investigate thoroughly those issues.

**tagata** *(oku)tagata* v.intr. *tagatire* to be warm, to warm up • *Amaizi gatagatire.* Water has become warm.

**tagati** (e.g. *gatagati, kitagati, gitagati*) adj. warm • *Amaizi gani gatagati.* This water is warm.

**tagatirya** *(oku)tagatirya* v.tr. *tagatiriirye* to excite, to stir, to electrify, to give chills • *Atagaatiirya abantu nga akubembera.* He stirs people when he sings.

**tagatya** *(oku)tagatya* v.tr. *tagatirye* to warm up, to heat • *Tagatya amatai abaana banyweku.* Warm the milk up so that the children can drink some.

**tagatye** (e.g. *gatagatye, bitagatye*) adj. warm • *Leka abaana banywe amatai gatagatye.* Let the children take the milk it is hot enough.

**taisulisya** *(oku)taisulisya* v.tr. *taisulisirye* (a) to loosen, to unwind, to release • *Yaba otaisulisye ombuli odi.* Go and release that goat. (b) to separate, to unclasp, to split • *Tobataisulisya bakutakangana!* Don't separate them, they need each other!

**taisya** *(oku)taisya* v.tr. *taisirye* to release, to set free, to free, to set loose

• *Omubbwe oyo mutaisye talina musango.* Release that prisoner, he is innocent. to let go, to set free, to release, to free • *Ntaisya nyabe.* Let me go.

**taka** *(oku)taka* v.tr. *takire* to love, to like, to want, to need • *Naani ataka oByemaro?* Who loves Byemaro?

**takisi** *(e)takisi* n.9/10 <from En.> taxi (means of public transport) • *Pakira abatambuli mu takisi.* Usher the passengers into the taxi. taxi (vehicle for collective use) • *Baabiire mu takisi okulambula e Kampala.* They went by taxi to Kampala for an excursion.

**takula** *(oku)takula* v.tr. *takwire* to scratch, to scrape • *Otatakula kyoya kikwiza okujwa omusaayi.* You shouldn't scratch your wound, it will start bleeding.

**takunya** *(oku)takunya* v.tr. *takunyire* to chew • *Okutakunya kawuluwulu.* You are chewing bitter berries.

**talaga** *(oku)talaga* v.intr. *talagire* to rust • *Amaizi gatalagisya ebyoma.* Water causes rusting of metals.

**talaka** *(oku)talaka* v.tr. *talakire* (of Muslims) to divorce (a woman) • *Zwera omukali oyo, otamutalakisya ibaamwe.* Leave that woman so that her husband does not divorce her.

**talantuka** *(oku)talantuka* v.intr. *talantukire* to stumble, to trip • *Omusaiza atalantukire ni yeepaamuurawo.* A man has stumbled and fell badly on the ground.

**talantula** *(oku)talantula* v.tr. *talantwire* to cause to stumble, to trip • *Ekibbale nikyo kyamutalantwire n'agwa.* It is the stone which caused her to stumble and fall.

**talika**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)talika* v.tr. *talikire* (a) to sundry • *Omukene atalikibwambe mu isana.* The silverfish is just sundried. (b) to smoke (fish) • *Talika encwi zireke kududa.* Smoke the fish so that it does not go bad. (c) to fry, to roast • *Ntalikirayo olusaale lwa nyama.* Roast a beefsteak for me.

**talika**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)talika* v.intr. *talikire* to roam about, to wander about • *Akaana kani katalika kitalo.* This child roams about a lot.

**Talumuudi** *(e)Talumuudi* n.9 Talmud (the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial laws and legends)

**tama** *(oku)tama* v.tr. *tamire* to disgust, to repulse • *Obworo buntamire nkwaba kutandika kukola muno.* I am disgusted with poverty, I must work hard.

**tamba** *(oku)tamba* v.tr. *tambire* to treat, to medicate, to cure • *Tamba omugandaawo obulwaire obwo.* Treat your brother of that sickness.

**tambaala** *(oku)tamba* v.tr. *tambaire* to provoke • *Otatambala mpiri akwiza kukunena.* Do not provoke the snake, it will bite you.

**tambaigula** *(oku)tambaigula* v.tr. *tambaigwire* (a) to beat mercilessly, to beat up, to thrash • *Naboine omusaiza akutambaigula onkaina waamwe.* I have seen the man mercilessly beating his camel. (b) to wound, to injure

• *Yatambaigwire omukali nga ndoowo kya mukoore.* She wounded the woman without any reason.

**tambira** *(oku)tambira* v.ditr. *tambiire* to offer (a sacrifice) to • *Mwize tutambiire oRuhanga.* Come and we will offer sacrifices to God.

**tambula** *(oku)tambula* v.intr. *tambwire* (a) to walk, to go, to hike • *Kisai omuntu okutambula emairo ibiri buli lunaku.* It is good for a person to walk two miles every day. (b)

to go on, to go forward, to move on • *Nkutambula omu maiso gonze nga ndina ebizibu.* I am going on with my life despite all the hurdles. (c) (of a king) to die, to pass away • *Omukama atambwire.* The king has died. **tambuli** (e.g. *mutambuli, gitambuli, batambuli*) adj. (a) wandering, roaming • *Ombweni omutambuli takuuma eka.* A roaming dog doesn't guard the house. (b) adulterous, unfaithful, cheating • *Abasaiza abatambuli bata nsibuko ya kulwanagana omu maka.* Adulterous men are the source of domestic violence.

**tambulya** *(oku)tambula* v.tr. *tambwirye* (a) to transport, to ferry, to carry • *Tafunire lukusa lukutambulya ntaama.* She has not yet gotten permission to transport the sheep. (b) to hawk, to sell, to vend • *Tambulya amapaapaali gani gatajunda.* Hawk these pawpaws otherwise they will rot. (c) to transmit (a decease) (d) **tambulya (o)lugambo** to spread rumours • *Lwaki okutambulya olugambo olutali lutuufu?* Why are you spreading false rumours?

**tambuura** *(oku)tambuura* v.tr. *tambuliire* to hawk, to sell, to vend

**tamiira** *(oku)tamiira* v.intr./tr. *tamiire* (a) to be drunk, to be intoxicated • *Lekerawo okutamiiranga okwiza kufa n'okyali muto.* Stop drinking excessively you will die young. (b) to be obsessed, to like very much • *Oyo yatamiire okwemba.* She is obsessed with music.

**tampeko** *(e)tampeko* n.9/10 plastic cup, unit of measure • *Ngulisyayo etampeko.* Sell me a plastic cup.

**tamwa** *(oku)tamwa* v.tr. *tamirwe* to be fed up, to be disillusioned • *Natamirwe abantu abamwemwetuka buli kaire.* I hate people who cackle all the time.

**tana** *(oku)tana* v.intr. *tanire* to turn septic, to get infected • *Ekyoya kye yafunire kitanire.* This wound he sustained got septic.

**tanaka** *(oku)tanaka* v.intr. *tanakire* to vomit, to puke, to throw up, to be sick • *Yatanakire emirundi ebiri.* She vomited twice.

**Tanaki** *(e)Tanaki* n.9 Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh, the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also the textual source for the Christian Old Testament) • *Abayudaaya basoma Tanaki.* The Jews read the Hebrew Bible.

**tandaluwa** [see also *katimba*] *(e)tandaluwa* n.9/10 mosquito net • *Egavumenti yagabire etandaluwa e Nakasongola.* The government supplied mosquito nets to the people in Nakasongola.

**tandiika** *(oku)tandiika (ekitabu)* v.tr. *tandiikire* to make (a bed) • *Nkwaba kutandiika kitabu kyange ati.* I am going make my bed now.

**tandika** *(oku)tandika* v.tr. *tandikire* to start, to begin, to commence • *Ntandikire okusoma amawuuro oku ladiyo.* I have started to read the news bulletin on the radio.

**tanga** *(oku)tanga* v.tr. *tangire* to prevent, to stop, to hinder, to avoid • *Tangira enyana ezo zitalya muwogo wange.* Stop those calves from eating my cassava.

**tangaala** *(oku)tangaala* v.intr. *tangaire* (a) to be light, to be bright, to be lit up • *Namuboine kusai kubba obwire bwali bukutangaala.* I saw him vividly because it was bright enough. (b) to be transparent, to be clear • *Lwaki ozwaire olugoye olukutangaala?* Why have you put on a transparent dress? (c) to be astonished, to be dumbfounded, to be speechless • *Natangaire ni naboine omukaire.* I was dumbfounded when I saw my parent.

**tangalana** [see *tangarana*] <Nayala> **tangaliira** *(oku)tangaliira* v.intr. *tangaliriire* (a) to be pale • *Omwala ni yafunire enda n'atangaliira.* The girl became pale when she conceived. (b) to be lost in thoughts• *Lwaki otangaliire omu nzira?* Why are you lost in thoughts in the middle of the road?

**tangarana** *(oku)tangarana* v.intr. *tangaraine* (a) to meet, to see each other • *Twatangarana emambya.* We will meet tomorrow. (b) to meet, to encounter, to face, to come across • *Nantangaraine obwomi obuzubu omu ikomera.* I encountered a hard life in prison.

**tangata** *(oku)tangata* v.tr. *tangatire* to gaze at, to stare at • *Abbaire antangatiire okumala esaawa giramba.* He has been gazing at me for

## an hour.

**tangiira** *(oku)tangiira* v.tr. *tangiriire* to welcome • *Yaba otangiire abageni.* Go and welcome the visitors.

**tangira** *(oku)tangira* v.tr. *tangiire* to prevent, to keep from happening • *Twetangire obulwaire bwa kaseeku.* Let us prevent measles.

**tanibboyi** *(o)tanibboyi* n.1a/2 taxi conductor • *Koba otanibboyi akutikuureku ebintu byamu.* Ask the taxi conductor to unload your items.

**tanka** *(e)tanka* n.9/10 <from En.> (a) tank (fighting vehicle) • *Tuboine etanka ya magye ekwaba.* We saw a military tank passing. (b) tank, cistern, reservoir • *Amaizi ga ikendi tugabiika mu tanka.* We keep the rainwater in the tank.

**tankoba** *(o)tankoba* n.1a sticky liquid (mainly obtained from cooked slices of dried sweet potatoes)

**tankuuka** *(oku)tankuuka* v.intr. *tankuukire* to be disorganised, to be ransacked, to be untidy • *Engoye zaamwe zitankuukire.* My clothes are disorganised.

**tankuula** *(oku)tankuula* v.tr. *tankwire* (a) to scatter, to mix up, to shuffle, to put out of order, to overturn • *Naani yatankwire engoye zange?* Who shuffled my clothes? (b) to provoke, to annoy • *Ani atankwire omulalu?* Who has provoked a mad person?

**tanukiirya** *(oku)tanukiirya* v.tr. *tanukiriirye* to provoke, to incite, to insitgate, to start (a fight) • *Otaka muno okutanukiirya entalo.* You are

fond of provoking fights.

**tanula** *(oku)tanula* v.tr. *tanwire* to begin, to commence, to undertake, to start • *Oyo niye atanwire olutalo.* It is him who started the fight.

**tanuulu** *(e)tanuulu* n.9 kiln • *Etanuulu ekucuuka omwika.* The kiln is emitting smoke.

**tarawuya** *(e)tarawuya* n.9 Tarawih (extra prayers performed by Sunni Muslims at night during the month of Ramadan) • *Abasiraamu basaala tarawuya omu kisiibo.* Muslims pray the Tarawih prayer during the month of Ramadan.

**tarunka** *(oku)tarunka* v.intr. *tarunkire* to leave unnoticed, to sneak out • *Abantu abamwe batarunkambe tibasiibula.* Some people sneak out without permission.

**tarunkana** *(oku)tarunkana* v.intr. *tarunkaine* to roam about, to wander about • *Omwala oyo atarunkana buli kiro.* That girl roams about every day.

**tataagania** *(oku)tataagania* v.tr. *tataagainie* to disrupt, to disturb, to distract, to agitate • *Naani akutataagania abakusoma?* Who is distracting the learners?

**tawaanya** *(oku)tawaanya* v.tr. *tawainye, tawaanyire* to disturb, to annoy, to bother, to make busy, to preoccupy • *Enkembo zikuntawaanya kitalo.* The monkeys are disturbing me a lot.

**tawaaza** *(oku)tawaaza* v.intr. *tawaize* to make ablution • *Iteeka okuta-* *waaza ng'okyali kwaba kusaba.* It is a must to make ablution before prayers.

**tawankana** *(oku)tawankana* v.intr. *tawankaine* to be busy, to be occupied, to have one's hands full • *Tulina kutawankana okwica ni tulitunga obuguuda.* We must make ourselves busy till we get rich.

**Tawo** *(e)Tawo* n.9 Taoism (or Daoism, a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasises living in harmony with the Tao) • *Oyo ayikiririza mu Tawo.* That one believes in Taoism.

**tawuka** *(oku)tawuka* v.intr. *tawukire* to be busy, to be nervous, to be agitated, to be unsettled, to be restless, to be uncomfortable • *Olwaleero ntawukire muno.* Today I have been very busy.

**tawulo** *(e)tawulo* n.9/10 <from En.> towel • *Mubbwe etawulo aleke kukunama.* Wrap the towel around her so that she does not expose her nudity. **tawuni** *(e)tawuni* n.9/10 <from En.> town • *Ka nyabeku omu tawuni mpuumulemu.* Let me go to town for a while and pass time there.

**tayaaya** *(oku)tayaaya* v.intr. *tayaayire* (a) to roam about, to wander about, to travel about • *Abaana baingi omu Kampala batayaayambe.* Many children in Kampala just roam about. (b) to walk freely • *Okwa kyanda embuli zitayaayambe.* During drought goats just walk freely.

**tayiira** *(oku)tayiira* v.tr. *tayiriire* to

circumcise • *Ebiro bini abasaizi bakubatayiira.* Nowadays men are being circumcised.

**tayiire** (e.g. *mutayiire, batayiire*) adj. circumcised • *Abasaiza abatayiire tibatera kuteera ndwaire za kikaba.* Circumcised males do not contract sexually transmitted diseases easily. **tayiiza** *(oku)tayiiza* v.tr. *tayiize* to surround (a place), to encircle, to enclose, to intercept, to cut off • *Tayiiza ekibira okisolo atawuluka.* Surround the bush so that the animal does not escape.

**tayipu** *(e)tayipu* n.9/10 <from En.> typewriter • *Atwaire biwandiiko byamwe ku tayipu kubikubba.* She has taken her documents for typing.

**tayirira** [see *tayiira*] *(oku)tayirira* v.tr. *tayiriire* to circumcise • *Omwana wa musiraamu bamutayiriire.* The son of a Muslim is circumcised.

**te** part. also • *Weena te wakoore kubbi okumuzuma.* You also did bad to insult him.

**teba** *(oku)teba* v.tr. *tebere* (a) to turn around (e.g. a vehicle) • *Omuvugi yatebere emotoka omu nzira owa poliisi n'amukwata.* A driver made a Uturn in the middle of the road and got arrested by the police. (b) to reverse the game (board game)• *Abeesi bateba omweso nga bakuzeenya.* The mweso game players usually reverse the game while playing.

**tebateba** *(oku)tebateba* v.intr. *teberetebere* to walk hurriedly for a long time • *Nje ni ntebateba kwira waiswe*

*Bunyala mbanyumiza bye naboineeyo.* I then walked hurriedly back to Bunyala to let you know what happened.

**tebenkana** *(oku)tebenkana* v.intr. *tebenkaine* to be calm, to be peaceful, to be stable, to be serene, to settle down • *Uganda emaare okutebenkana.* Uganda is now stable.

**tebeza** *(oku)tebeza* v.tr. *tebeize* to make known, to spread • *Tebeza obukwenda bwa kanca.* Make known the message of God.

**tebuka** *(oku)tebuka* v.tr. *tebukire* to outwit, to outsmart, to be aware of the trick, to evade trouble • *Yamutebukire mangu n'airuka.* She outwitted him and ran away.

**teeba** *(oku)teeba* v.tr. *teebere* (a) to guess, to estimate, to speculate, to consider, to think about • *Teeba eibara lya muntu oyo.* Guess the name of that person. (b) to choose correctly (a winning item) • *Nateebere akacokolo nga kaliku ekirabo kya miriyooni.* I correctly chose a bottle top which had a prize of one million shillings. (c) to target at, to aim at • *Wuma eibbaale oteebe akadomola.* Throw the stone targeting the jerry can. (d) **teeba (e)goolo** to score a goal • *Wandira niye ateebere egoolo ya Kayunga.* It is Wandira who scored Kayunga's goal.

**teebereza** *(oku)teebereza* v.tr. *teebereize* to imagine, to picture • *Teebereza omukali okunaga omwana!* Imagine a woman throwing away a child!

**teeka** <sup>1</sup> *teekere* (a) v.intr./tr. to put, to place, to establish • *Teeka esuwaani oku katindiro.* Put the plates on the rack. (b) to calm down, to settle down • *Ompungo ateekere.* The wind has calmed down. (c) (of cereal crops) to develop buds • *Omwemba guteekere kusai gukwiza kwera.* The sorghum has developed good buds, it will yield highly.

**teeka** [see *teekwa*]

**teekaniza** *(oku)teekaniza* v.tr. *teekaniize* (a) to arrange • *Teekaniza entebe tutandike.* Arrange the chairs and let's begin. (b) to prepare, to get ready, to set up • *Teekanizaa ekyamisana kya bageni.* Prepare the lunch for the visitors.

**teekateeka** *(oku)teekateeka* v.tr. *teekereteekere* to prepare, to plan, to organise (an event) • *Teekateeka ekyamisana kya bageni.* Prepare the lunch for the visitors.

**teekera** *(oku)teekera* v.tr. *teekeire* to set fire to, to set on fire, to kindle • *Enyumba yaamwe ngiteekeire omuuro.* I have set fire to his house.

**teeki** (e.g. *muteeki, bateeki, giteeki*) adj. calm • *Omuntu oni muteeki.* This person is calm.

**teekula** *(oku)teekula* v.tr. *teekwire* to end (a traditional worshiping ceremony) • *Abakibandwa bateekwire embandwa.* The priests have ended the worshiping ceremony.

**teekwa** *–* v.tr. *–* must, to have to • *Omusaiza oteekwa okulanga obusaiza omu bantu nga okukola emirumu*

*egya maani.* A man must show his masculinity in society doing heavy work.

**teekya** *(oku)teekya* v.intr. *teekerye* to calm (down), to stabilise • *Teekya abantu batalwana.* Calm down the people so that they don't fight.

**teera** *(oku)teera* v.tr. *teereire* to spread (an airborne disease), to infect • *Igeera edi, tonteera COVID-19.* Go away so that you don't infect me with COVID-19.

**teesa** *(oku)teesa* v.tr. *teesere* (a) to propose, to suggest, to offer • *Wete obbaire okuteesa ki?* What are you proposing? (b) to discuss, to debate, to confer • *Abaruuli baateesere empandiika eigolo.* The Baruuli discussed the orthography yesterday.

**tega** *(oku)tega* v.tr. *tegere* (a) to fish • *Ayabire kutega binage.* He has gone to trap tilapia. (b) to trap • *Nkutega nyonyi.* I am setting a trap for a bird. (c) to trick, to cheat, to fool, to swindle • *ODamali bamutegere akakodyo n'akaakala.* Damalie was tricked, but she figured it out. (d) to trip, to cause to stumble and fall • *Omulalu antegere ni ngwa ekigwo.* The madman tripped me, and I fell.

**teganisya** *(oku)teganisya* v.tr. *teganisirye* to bother, to annoy • *Bini byona binteganisya muno.* These matters bother me a lot.

**tegeera** *(oku)tegeera* v.tr. *tegeire* to understand • *Kizibu okutegeera obusiisikali bwa baana ba mulembe guni kwe buzwire.* It is difficult to understand the cause of ill behaviour among the children of this generation.

**tegeerekeka** *(oku)tegeerekeka* v.intr. *tegeerekekere* to be reasonable, to be easy to understand, to be identifiable • *Mukolenge ebintu ebikutegeerekeka.* Do things that are reasonable.

**tegeeri** (e.g. *mutegeeri, bategeeri, gitegeeri*) adj. understanding • *Omusaiza oyo mutegeeri.* That man is understanding.

**tegeeza** *(oku)tegeeza* v.tr. *tegeize* to say, to tell, to inform, to mean, to imply • *Owabyamawuuro ategeeze abantu okugema abaana.* Let the information secretary inform the people about childhood immunisation.

**tegeka** *(oku)tegeka* v.tr. *tegekere* to plan, to prepare, to arrange, to organise (an event) • *Tegekekera omwana akabaga aka kumala emisomo.* Prepare a graduation party for the child. **teguka** *(oku)teguka* v.intr. *tegukire* to be untrapped, to unset • *Omutego gutegukire.* The trap has been untrapped.

**tegula** *(oku)tegula* v.tr. *tegwire* (a) to clear (e.g. plates), to take away • *Tegula esaani nka n'omaare okulya.* Now that you have finished eating, take away the plates. (b) to unset (a trap), to release, to untrap, to remove (from a trap) • *Waluwo ekitegwire omutego gwange.* Something has unset my trap. (c) to trip a player (in football), to cause to fall • *OMesi bamutegwire n'agwa.* Mesi has been

tripped down.

**tei** ideo. very white, very brown • *Nayajirye omwala eyayeere tei.* I found a very brown girl. spotless white • *Olugoye lwamwe lweru tei tei tei.* His clothing is spotless white.

**teite** *(o)teite* n.1a/2 half-brother • *Oyo wa teite.* That is my halfbrother.

**tekinologiya** *(e)tekinologiya* n.9/10 <from En.> technology • *Nasomere bya saayansi n'otekinologiya.* I studied science and technology.

**tema** *(oku)tema* v.tr. *temere* (a) to cut, to slice, to chop, to hack • *Leeta empasa tuteme omusaale.* Bring the axe and let's cut the tree. (b) to remove, to take away, to take off • *Poliisi yatemereku enamba ya motoka yange.* The police removed the number plate of my car. (c) (of a snake) to bite • *Yanagire okugulu mu maino ga njoka, onjoka n'amutema.* He stepped on the snake (lit. threw the leg into the teeth of a snake) and it bit him. (d) to win in the traditional board game when a player picks the opponent's beads in the extreme corners all in one round

**tematema** *(oku)tematema* v.tr. *temeretemere* to chop into tiny pieces, to cut into pieces, to chop up, to mince • *Tematema enyama.* Chop the meat into small pieces.

**temba** *(oku)temba* v.intr./tr. *tembere* (a) to climb, to move up, to go up • *Temba omusaale onokoleyo emiyembe.* Climb the tree and pick some

mangoes. (b) to reach a higher position (in society), to rise, to get promoted • *Yayabire atemba mpolampola okwica lwe yayikire oku bwa purezidenti.* He rose steadily in ranks till he became the president. (c) to board, to get on (e.g. a bus) • *Temba ebbaasi twabe.* Board the bus and let's go. (d) to make love, to have sex • *Abafumbo batemba buli bwire.* Married people make love every night.

**tembeya** *(oku)tembeya* v.tr. *tembeyere* to hawk, to sell, to vend • *Omutembeeyi akutembeya binaga.* A vendor is hawking cooking pans.

**tembo** *(o)tembo* n.1a/10 (a) young banana plantation • *Ebigogo byange bikyali tembo.* My first banana plantation is still young. (b) newcomer, new settler • *Twara otembo ekiibbo kya biyaata.* Take these potatoes to the newcomer.

**tembula** *(oku)tembula* v.tr. *tembwire* (of a newcomer) to clear the bush • *Omutembo atandikire okutembula.* A newcomer has started clearing the bush.

**temeera** *(oku)temeera* v.tr. *temereire* (a) to trim, to cut, to mow • *Temeera olukorogo lukuboneka kubbi.* Trim the fence, it looks untidy. (b) **temeera (e)bigambo** to slander, to defame, to tell lies about • *Omwana oyo alwire ng'antemeera ebigambo ku bantu.* That girl has been slandering people for a while.

**temuka** *(oku)temuka* v.intr. *temukire* (a) to burst, to explode • *Ebba-* *luuni yatemukire ne tulowooza bbomu.* One of the balloons burst and we thought it was a bomb. (b) to be torn • *Esaati yange etemukire.* My shirt is torn.

**temula** *(oku)temula* v.tr. *temwire* (a) to murder, to kill • *Yamukobere nambu aiza kumutemula.* He threatened to murder him. (b) to tear (into pieces), to rip, to break • *Temula eisuuka eryo.* Tear that bed sheet into pieces. (c) to remove (a baby from a dead mother) • *Omutemu yatamwire omulambo gwa mukali n'ayamu omulambo gwa mwana.* The traditional surgeon removed the foetus from the dead mother.

**temula**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)temula* v.tr. *temwire* to strip naked, to undress, to take off one's clothes • *Bamutemuliire engoye n'asigala bwereere.* They stripped him naked.

**tena**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tena* v.intr. *tenere* to be soggy, to be waterlogged, to be wet, to be soaked • *Enzira za mu byalo zitena muno.* The roads upcountry are very soggy.

**tena**<sup>2</sup> *(e)tena* n.9/10 <from En.> tennis ball • *Omwana akuzeenyesya tena.* The child is playing with a tennis ball.

**tenda**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tenda* v.tr. *tendere* to acclaim, to praise • *Opurezidenti yatendere abasagiki baamwe olwa buguminkiriza.* The president acclaimed his supporters for being patient.

**tenda**<sup>2</sup> *(e)tenda* n.9/10 <from En.> tender, offer • *Nfunire etenda oku iru-* *guza okwomboka enyumba.* I have got a tender from the sub-county to construct houses.

**tendeka** *(oku)tendeka* v.tr. *tendekere* to train, to coach, to teach, to instruct • *Tendeka abaana baamu okutega encwi.* Train your children to fish.

**tendeke** adj. trained, educated • *Eiye lya Uganda litendeke kusai.* Uganda's army is professionally trained.

**tendereza** *(oku)tendereza* v.tr. *tendereize* to glorify, to praise, to extol • *Tutendeereze eibara lya Kanca.* Let us glorify the name of God.

**tenekya** *(oku)tenekya* v.tr. *tenekyerye* (a) to hurt, to injure, to pain • *Bamutenekyerye omu kyoya.* They have hurt him in the wound. (b) to offend • *Lekerawo okuntenekyanga omwoyo.* Stop offending me. (c) to negatively affect

**tenga** *(oku)tenga* v.tr. *tengere* (a) to wag (a tail), to wiggle back and forth, to shake, to beat (with a barkcloth mallet) • *Ombwene n'abona omukama waamwe, atenga omukira.* When the dog sees its master, it wags the tail. (b) to decorate with pleats • *Olugoye alutengere kusai.* She has beautifully decorated the dress with pleats. (c) to gently massage a pregnant mothers (with aim of putting the foetus back into position) • *Abakali baaba owa mulerwa okubatenga enda.* The women go to traditional birth attendants to get their pregnant bellies messaged gently.

**tenganiza** *(oku)tenganiza* v.tr. *tenganiize* to prepare, to make ready • *Tenganiza abaana twabe mangumangu.* Prepare the children and leave as soon as possible.

**tengeeta** *(oku)tengeeta* v.intr. *tengeetere* (a) to shiver, to tremble • *Omulwaire waamu akutengeeta.* The patient is shivering. (b) to be shaky, to be unstable, to move to and fro • *Olwige olwo lukutengeeta.* That door is shaky.

**tengeetya** *(oku)tengeetya* v.tr. *tengeeterye* to shake • *Tengeetya omusaale tutunge emiyembe.* Shake the tree and we get mangoes.

**tengu** (e.g. *mutengu, batengu*) adj. disobedient, insubordinate, unruly • *Omwana omutengu agadya abakaire baamu.* An unruly child gives headache to his parents.

**teni** (e.g. *muteni, bateni*) adj. watery • *Asumbire emere giteni.* She has prepared watery food.

**tenkaniza** *(oku)tenkaniza* v.tr. *tenkaniize* to align, to arrange, to order, to categorise, to group, to classify • *Tenkaniza ebigambo ebyo mu miteeko gyabyo.* Classify those words into their classes.

**tenta** *(oku)tenta* v.intr. *tentere* (of a liquid) to flow, to run • *Amaizi gakutenta omu nyumba.* The water is flowing into the house.

**tente** (e.g. *mutente, batente*) adj. stubborn and destructive • *Omukali omutente tomusweranga.* Never

marry a stubborn and destructive woman.

**tentebba** *(oku)tentebba* v.intr. *tentebbere* to run, to jog • *Twatentebbere okwika oku poliisi alaiku.* We ran a long distance to the police station.

**tentemuka** *(oku)tentemuka* v.intr. *tentemukire* to be shredded, to be cut into ribbons • *Olugoye lwange lutentemukire.* My cloth is shredded.

**tentemulya** *(oku)tentemulya* v.tr. *tentemwirye* to smash, to shatter, to break into many pieces • *Emotoka etentemwirye ebbulooka.* A car has broken the bricks into many pieces.

**tentesya** *(oku)tentesya* v.tr. *tenteserye* to erode • *Amaizi gatentesya eitakali.* The water erodes the soil.

**tera** *(oku)tera* v.tr. *(-)* to do regularly, to do frequently • *Omusaiza odi atera okwiza ani.* That man usually comes here.

**tereera** *(oku)tereera* v.intr. *tereire* (a) to be level, to be straight, to be balanced • *Enzira eyaba e Galiraaya etereire.* The road to Galiraaya has been levelled. (b) to normalise, to become stable, to settle down • *Embeera yange atibuni etereire.* At the moment my condition has become stable.

**tereeri** (e.g. *mutereeri, gitereeri, batereeri*) adj. (a) straight, unbending • *Enzira yaiswe gitereeri.* Our road is straight. (b) stable, steady, secure • *Embeera yange ati gitereeri.* My condition is now stable.

**tereerya** *(oku)tereerya* v.tr. *tereirye* (a) to level, to make even • *Te-* *reerya eitakali eryo tukolewo ekisaawe.* Level that soil and we will make a playground. (b) to organise, to arrange • *Tereerya ebinaga ebyo.* Organise those pots.

**tereeza** *(oku)tereeza* v.tr. *tereize* to put right, to regularise • *Teereza embeera zaamu bata kwiruca oku mulimu.* Change your ways, otherwise you will be dismissed.

**teremuka** *(oku)teremuka* v.intr. *teremukire* to be slippery • *Olubuga nka likuteremuka bundi!* The compound has become very slippery!

**teremula** *(oku)teremula* v.tr. *teremwire* to tilt, to incline, to slope, to lean • *Teremulaku ensuwa eyo obone oba nga ekutoonya.* Tilt that pot and see whether it leaks.

**teremulya** *(oku)teremulya* v.tr. *teremwirye* to put down, to take down, to put, to place, to set up, to establish • *Teremulya emikono gyamu.* Put down your hands.

**tesa** *(oku)tesa* v.intr. *tesere* to be senile, to be in one's dotage. • *OJohn atesere.* John has grown senile.

**tesere** *(o)tesere* n.1a/2 senile person • *Otesere anagire esente zaamwe zoona.* The senile person has lost all his money.

**tesi** (e.g. *mutesa, batesa*) adj. forgetful, absent minded • *Omufumu omutesi awaire omulwaire omubazi ogukyamu.* An absent-minded herbalist has given wrong herbs to the patient. **tesya** *(oku)tesya* v.tr. *teserye* to soil, to mess up, to dirty • *Lwaki otese-* *rye enyumba yoona?* Why have you messed up the entire house?

**teteeyuka** *(oku)teteeyuka* v.intr. *teteeyukire* to reduce, (of a swelling) to go down, to get better, to relax, to grow slack, to become refreshed, to recuperate • *Omukono gubbaire guzimbire, gwabire guteteeyuka.* The hand had swollen but now the swelling has reduced.

**teteeyula** *(oku)teteeyula* v.tr. *teteeywire* to cure, to heal • *Omubazi guteteeyuwire omukono omulwaire.* The herbs have cured the infected arm.

**tetenkanya** *(oku)tetenkanya* v.intr. *tetenkainye* to figure out, to devise, to concoct (a plan), to improvise, to be creative, to be innovative • *Tetenkanya twabe e Kampala.* Improvise and we'll go to Kampala.

**ti-** pf. not (negative prefix on verbs) **(-)ti**<sup>1</sup> [see also *(-)di*] pro. (a) that • *Nkobera nti wampeerya sente ziti.* Tell me that amount which you will pay me. (b) not • *Ti niye.* He is not the one.

**ti**2 adv. like this, this way • *Onkudu atambula ati.* A tortoise moves like this.

**tiduka** *(oku)tiduka* v.intr. *tidukire* (a) to be uprooted • *Ebigogo byange byatidukire ng'okimpangwe ayakaire.* My banana plants were uprooted when there was a storm. (b) to lose balance, to fall, to pour down • *Akatebe katidukire ekibba kya musaiza ni kyedukuurawo.* The chair lost balance and the huge man fell.

**tidula** *(oku)tidula* v.tr. *tidwire* (a) to uproot, to extract, to pull out • *Okimpangwe atidwire emisaale.* The storm has uprooted the trees. (b) to seduce (a woman), to lead astray

**tigaatiga** *(oku)tigaatiga* v.tr. *tigaatigire* to fondle, to caress, to stroke • *Lwaki okutigaatiga omwala omuto?* Why are you fondling a young girl? **tigiinya** *(oku)tigiinya* v.tr. *tigiinyire* to touch, to handle, to temper with • *Otigiinyatigiinya muno emere! Tiwagisiise?* You touch the food a lot! Won't you spoil it?

**tigita** *(oku)tigita* v.tr. *tigitire* to tickle • *Omwojo oyo ataka muno okutigita abakali.* That young man is fond of tickling women.

**tigomya** *(oku)tigomya* v.tr. *tigomerye* to harass, to mistreat, to mishandle, to abuse, to trouble, to disturb, to upset • *Omusaiza oyo atigomya ombwene.* That man harasses a dog. **tiguka** *(oku)tiguka* v.intr. *tigukire* to romp, to play energetically • *Abaana bakutiguka omu kyalo n'engoma z'aBagisu.* The children are romping around the village with the Gisu drums.

**tiica** *(oku)tiica* v.tr. *tiicirye* to break (a rope) • *Onte atiicire omuguwa.* The cow has broken a rope.

**tiicatiica** *(oku)tiicatiica* v.tr. *tiiciryetiicirye* to speak inconsistently • *Olundi orubazo lwamwe alutiicatiicambe.* Sometimes he speaks inconsistently. **tiika**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tiika* v.intr. *tiikire* (a) to tear, to rip • *Omuguwa gutiikire.* The

rope is torn. (b) to be terrified, to be afraid • *Omwoyo gwatiikire ni naboine abamaje.* I was terrified when I saw the army men. (c) to die suddenly, to die unexpectedly • *Omwojo agwire edi n'atiika.* The boy fell and died suddenly.

**tiika**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tiika* v.tr. *tiikire* to load, to pack • *Emotoka bagitiikire ebiduuma.* The car is loaded with maize.

**tiikira** *(oku)tiikira* v.tr. *tiikiire* (a) to put a rim (on a pot) • *Tiikira ensuwa.* Put a rim on the pot. (b) to roof (a grass thatched house) • *Enyumba mmaare okugitiikira.* I have completed putting a roof on my house. (c) to confer (a degree), to graduate • *Omwana wange bamutiikiire ediguli ya maasita.* A master's degree was conferred on my son.

**tiikula** *(oku)tiikula* v.tr. *tiikwire* to unload, to take off • *Tiikulaku ebintu ebyo oku motoka.* Unload those things from the car.

**tiimatiima** *(oku)tiimatiima* v.tr. *tiimiretiimire* to chop, to hack • *Tiimatiima obusanso bwa musaale tusumbe emere.* Chop the tree twigs and we will cook food.

**tiimu** *(e)tiimu* n.9/10 <from En.> team • *KCCA nigyo tiimu yange.* KCCA is my team.

**tiina** *(oku)tiina* v.tr. *tiinire* to fear, to be afraid • *Otiinire ki mwara wange?* What are you afraid of, my daughter?

**tiini** [see *tyo*] (e.g. *kitiini, gitiini*) adj. blunt, not sharp • *Ensone yange gitii-* *ni tesobola kusala nyama.* My knife is blunt, it cannot cut the meat.

**tiiniira** *(oku)tiiniira* v.tr. *tiiniriire* (a) to fear, to be afraid of • *Okutiniira naani okubaza akangura.* Who are you afraid of to speak the truth? (b) to respect • *Namutiiniire olwa myaka gyamwe, kubba aikire okumbyala.* I respected him because of his age, he is fit to be my parent.

**tiinisiirya** *(oku)tiinisiirya* v.tr. *tiinisiirye* to scare, to frighten, to startle • *Lekerawo okumutiinisiirya akwiza ku lwala.* Stop scaring her, she may fall ill.

**tiinisya** *(oku)tiinisya* v.tr. *tiinisirye* to threaten, to scare, to frighten • *Naani akutiinisyerye?* Who has threatened you?

**tiiriika** *(oku)tiiriika* v.tr. *tiiriikire* to squirt out, to spurt out, to gush, to leak • *Ekidomola kini kikutiiriika amaizi gawaamu.* This jerry can is leaking, it has run out.

**tiirinkya** *(oku)tiirinkya* v.intr. *tirinkirye* to urinate, to pee • *Lwaki okutiirinkya oku kisiika?* Why are you urinating on the wall?

**tiiza** *(oku)tiiza* v.ditr. *tiizire* (a) to lend, to loan • *Ntiiza olugoye lwamu nyabe ku mbaga.* Lend me that piece of clothing and I will go to the wedding. (b) to borrow, to take as a loan • *Okwetiiza sente buli lunaku ti kisai ofuuka musabiiri.* Borrowing money every day is not good, you will end up as a beggar.

**timba** *(oku)timba* v.tr. *timbire* to

decorate • *Naani eyatimba oku mbaga yaamu?* Who will decorate your party? (a) to set (a net) • *Timba etandaluwa emibu gireme kutunena.* Set the net so that the mosquitoes don't bite us. (b) to pin (e.g. a poster, note) • *Mbadi bakutimba ebimanyisyo.* They are there pinning up posters.

**timpa** *(o)timpa* n.1a/10 leaves of arum lilies used as food • *Okwa nzala twalyanga timpa.* During famine we used to eat arum lilies leaves.

**timpula** *(oku)timpula* v.tr. *timpwire* to beat, to tras, to whip • *Atimpwire omutaani waamwe emiigo kubba yanyagire sente za mugeni.* He beat his son so severely because he stole the visitor's money.

**tinda**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tinda* v.tr. *tindire* (a) to build a bridge over (a river), to bridge, to span over • *Omwiga bagutindire ati emotoka zikwakalawo kusai.* They have constructed a bridge over the river, the cars can cross over with ease. (b) **tinda (e)kitabu** to construct (a bed) by digging a foundation for the poles that will serve as a bed • *Tinda ekitanda tusulisyeku abaana.* Construct a bed for the children to sleep on.

**tinda**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tinda* v.intr. *tindire* to groan, to moan • *Wete akutinda, oli mulwaire?* Why are you groaning, are you sick?

**tindikira** *(oku)tindikira* v.tr. *tindikiire* to pile high banana leaves stalks in a saucepan to facilitate steaming of

food • *Tindikira emigongo omu sepeki osobole osumba emere.* Pile high the banana leaf stalks in the saucepan so that we can steam the food.

**tindira**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tindira* v.tr. *tindiire* to complete (a hut), to finish • *Tumaare okutindira ekitindi kini.* We have completed constructing this hut.

**tindira**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tindira* v.tr. *tindiire* to put a framework in a cooking pan or cooking pot • *Tindira emere ereme kwingiramu maizi.* Put a framework so that the food doesn't become watery.

**tindo** *(e)tindo* n.9/10 chisel • *Leeta etindo yange, nsake ekiina omu musaale.* Bring my chisel and make a hole in a tree.

**tingaana** *(oku)tingaana* v.intr. *tingaine* to stagger • *Omutamiire atingaana nga akutambula.* A drunkard staggers while walking.

**tingira** *(oku)tingira* v.tr. *tingiire* to pile banana leaves' stalks in a saucepan to facilitate steaming of food • *Tingira emigogo omu sepeki osobole okusumba emere.* Pile the banana leaf stalks in the saucepan so that we can steam the food.

**tinisiirya** *(oku)tinisiirya* v.tr. *tinisiriirye* to drive, to urge • *Mwize mutinisiirye okisolo ayingire mu kitimba.* Come and drive the animal into the net.

**tinka** *(oku)tinka* v.intr. *tinkire* to be infatuated (with), to be mad (about), to adore • *Aboojo batinkire n'okunywa sigala.* Cigarette smoking has

become a fad among the boys.

**tinkiza** *(oku)tinkiza* v.intr. *tinkiize* to be infatuated (with), to be mad (about), to adore • *Abasigazi batinkiza muno n'ebintu ebiyaaka.* The youths are obsessed with the new things.

**tinkuula** *(oku)tinkuula* v.tr. *tinkwire* to disarrange, to bring in disarray, to turn upside down, to rummage through • *Kanja okutinkuulanga enyumba abageni bali ampi okwika.* Stop disarranging my house, the visitors are about to arrive.

**tintibbala** *(oku)tintibbala* v.intr. *tintibbaire* to be timid, to be shy • *Weena otintibbala muno mu bintu ebinambulamu.* You are too timid without a cause.

**tintina** *(oku)tintina* v.intr. *tintinire* to run very fast, to move rapidly, to run rapidly • *Omwana n'akutintina embiro gy'okubba waliwo ekikumupeka.* A child is running very fast as if something is chasing her.

**tipa** *(oku)tipa* v.tr. *tipire* to be tight for • *Akasaati kakumutipa kikuboneka ti kaamwe.* The shirt is so tight on him, it looks like it is not his shirt.

**tipoota** *(e)tipoota* n.9/10 <from En.> tea pot • *Ocaayi ali mu tipoota weefeeku.* Tea is in the teapot, help yourself.

**tirinkya** *(oku)tirinkya* v.intr. *tirinkirye* to gush out, to burst out, to squirt out, to spurt out, to flow • *Amaizi gatirinkirye okuzwa mu tanka ne gatotya enyumba.* The water has gushed

out of the tank and made the house wet.

**tisya** *(oku)tisya* v.tr. *tisirye* to scare, to frighten, to startle • *Yataire empalemulo omu ndumiro yaamwe okutiinisya ebinyonyi.* He put scarecrows in his garden to scare off the birds.

**titibana** *(oku)titibana* v.intr. *titibaine* to fidget, to be nervous, to tremble continuously • *Okubaza kumulemere, ali awo akutitibanambe.* He has failed to speak, he is just fidgeting.

**titima** *(oku)titima* v.intr. *titimire* to shiver, to tremble • *Omulwaire akutitima muno, muswekeku ebbulangiti.* The patient is shivering a lot, cover him with a blanket.

**tivi** *(e)tivi* n.9/10 <from En.> television, TV • *Tukubona amawuro oku tivi.* We are watching the news on television.

**tiyagaasi** *(o)tiyagaasi* n.1a <from En.> teargas • *Bakubbire otiyagaasi omu Kampala.* They sprayed teargas in Kampala.

**to** (e.g. *kito, muto, luto*) adj. young, small, small • *Akyali mwana muto.* He is still a young person.

**toba** *(oku)toba* v.intr. *tobere* (a) to get wet, to get soaked • *Omwana yeena atobere.* The child is all wet. (b) to toil, to work extremely hard • *Bairaba ntobere n'ensi, baitu tinagirugeku.* My dear, I have toiled in this world, but I am not giving up.

**tobeka** *(oku)tobeka* v.tr. *tobekere* to make variegated, to exhibiting different colours, to put different colours

and patterns on, to mix, to mingle • *Olugoye balutobekere kusai.* The garments were variegated well.

**togonyoka** *(oku)togonyoka* v.intr. *togonyokere* to be squashed, to be mashed • *Amenju n'ogamiga gatogonyoka.* When you press ripe bananas, they become squashed.

**togonyola** *(oku)togonyola* v.tr. *togonyoire* to mash, to squash, to smash • *Togonyoola omwana ebiyaata alye.* Mash the sweet potatoes for the child to eat.

**tokomoka** *(oku)tokomoka* v.intr. *tokomokere* to perish, to die, to get killed, to be ruined, to be destroyed • *Abantu batokomokere omu lutalo.* People perished in the war.

**tokomola** *(oku)tokomola* v.tr. *tokomoire* to cause to perish, to ruin, to destroy, to capsize, to overturn • *Ompundo atokomoire.* The wind caused the boat to capsize.

**tokota**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tokota* v.intr. *tokotere* (a) to boil, to cook, to bubble • *Emere gye nkusumba etandikire okutokota.* The food I am cooking has started to boil. (b) to shout, to cry, to scream, to yell • *Lwaki abaana abo bakutokota obwire?* Why are those children shouting in the middle of the night? **tokota**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tokota* v.tr. *tokotere* to convience, to make friends with, to be in harmony with, to be in agreement with • *Yaba omutokote atujune.* Go and convince him so that he helps us.

**tokoto** *(o)tokoto* n.1a commotion,

uproar, tumult, turmoil • *Baitu otokoto oyo akuzwa ku kiki?* But what is the cause of that commotion?

**toma** *(oku)toma* v.intr. *tomere* (a) to recover, to get better • *Omulwaire atomere ati atandikire okukola.* The patient has recovered and has resumed work. (b) to be ungrateful, to express dissatisfaction, to be unappreciative • *Namusaswire n'asigala ng'akutoma.* I paid her but she was ungrateful.

**tona**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tona* v.ditr. *tonere* to make a gift, to give a present, to give • *Yamutoneire onte nga ekisembo ky'amabyalibwa.* He gave her a cow as a birthday gift.

**tona**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tona* v.tr. *tonere* to paint, to decorate with colors, to ornament, to adorn • *Ekyanzi baakitonere kusai.* A milk pot was well-decorated.

**tonatona** [see *tona*] *(oku)tonatona* v.tr. *toneretonere* to paint, to decorate with colors, to ornament, to adorn • *Tonatona enyumba yange n'amabbaale eboneke kusai.* Decorate my house with stones so that it looks nice.

**tonda** *(oku)tonda* v.tr. *tondere* (often of God) to create, to make • *OKanca yatondere abantu ab'enjawulo lwa nsonga.* God created many different people for a reason.

**tondoka** *(oku)tondoka* v.intr. *tondokere* (a) to be broken off, to fall helplessly, to collapse (b) to be exhausted, to be tired • *Nkoore era nkuura ntondokere.* I have worked and now I feel exhausted. (c) to die abruptly, to die suddenly (from a heart attack or stroke) • *Omulwaire atondokere n'afa.* The patient died abruptly.

**tondola** *(oku)tondola* v.tr. *tondoire* to pod, to remove from pods, to shell, to husk, to pick (e.g. fruit), to pluck • *Akutondola maido ga kusimba.* She is podding groundnuts for planting. **tonekya** [see *tenekya*]

**tonga** *(oku)tonga* v.tr. *tongere* to demand repayment (of a debt), to claim (one's money), to dun • *Yayabire Bukolooto kutonga mpiiya zaamwe.* He went to Bukolooto to claim his money.

**tongana** *(oku)tongana* v.intr. *tongaine* (a) to defend, to speak in support of • *Yaba oku LC weetonganire.* Go to the LC and defend yourself. (b) to argue, to quarrel, to fight • *Baana nywe mulekerawo okutongana.* You children, stop arguing.

**tonganisya** *(oku)tonganisya* v.tr. *tonganisirye* to cross-examine (e.g. in a court of law) • *Yagongeire omulamuli ni yaali akumutonganisya.* He lost his temper when the lawyers crossexamined him.

**tongole** (e.g. *lutongole, kitongole, ritongole*) adj. official • *Omukoli omutongole aizire.* The official worker has come.

**tongolola** *(oku)tongolola* v.intr. *tongoloire* to grumble, to complain • *Abantu batandikire okwetongolola olwa butafuna murongooro gwabwe mu bwire.* People have stated complaining because of not getting their salary in time.

**tongolya** *(oku)tongolya* v.tr. *tongoirye* to recognise officially • *Ekyalo kyaiswe bakitongoirye nka L.C.* Our village has been officially recognised as a local council one administration unit.

**tongoza** *(oku)tongoza* v.tr. *tongozere* to make official, to launch, to inaugurate • *Enkuluze ya Ruruuli-Lunyala ekyali kutongozebwa.* The Ruruuli-Lunyala dictionary is not yet launched.

**tontoma** *(oku)tontoma* v.tr. *tontomere* to recite • *Amaite okutontoma ebitontome.* He knows how to recite poems.

**tooki** *(e)tooki* n.9/10 <from En.> torch • *Etooki eweiremu amanda.* The batteries in the torch are used up.

**toola** *(oku)toola* v.tr. *toire* (a) to get, to receive, to pick up, to take, to grab • *Toola empiiya ezo oyabe.* Get that money and go. (b) to extract, to take out, to pull out, to squeeze out• *Omusawu wa maino alimutoolamu eriino okwezi okwo.* The dentist will extract his tooth next month. (c) to be trapped in, to be captured • *Ongundu wa nsama atoire ekitimba.* A huge male waterbuck is trapped in a net. (d) **toola (e)nda** to be pregnant • *Omukali atoire enda.* The woman is pregnant.

**toolaku** *(oku)toolaku* v.tr. *toireku* (a) to shave, to trim, to cut • *Naani* *akutoireku eisoke?* Who has shaved your hair? (b) to take away from, to remove from, to subtract • *Mutooleku ekalaamu yange akwiza kugibulya.* Take my pencil away from him, he will lose it.

**toolamu** *(oku)toolamu* v.tr. *toiremu* (a) to remove, to take off • *Toolamu enkaito oyingire omu muzigiti.* Remove your shoes and then enter the mosque. (b) **toolamu (e)nda** to have an abortion, to undergoe an abortion • *Omukali odi yagumbawaire oluzwanyuma lwa kutoolamu enda.* That woman became barren after aborting.

**tooleerya** *(oku)tooleerya* v.intr. *toolereirye* to do research, to study • *Akutooleerya oku Ruruuli-Lunyara.* She is doing research on the Ruruuli-Lunyala language.

**toolerya** *(oku)toolerya* v.tr. *tooleirye* to search, to look for

**tooleseerya** *(oku)tooleseerya* v.tr. *tooleseereirye* to light (the fire) • *Yaba otooleseerye omuuro.* Go and light the fire.

**toolya** *(oku)toolya* v.tr. *toirye* to look for, to search • *Wete okutooleerya ki omu kisiika kyange?* What are you looking for in my bedroom?

**toonya** *(oku)toonya* v.intr. *toonyere* (a) to rain • *Oikendi akutoonya, abantu bakusiga amaido.* It is raining and people are planting maize. (b) to leak • *Eryato lye twatakanga okwabiramu lyali likutoonya ni lyeinika omu maizi.* The canoe with which

we wanted to travel was leaking and sank.

**toora** *(oku)toora* v.intr. *toire* to sing in chorus • *OMukaabya n'atandika ekyembo abairaamwe ne batoora.* Mukaabya leads the song and the rest repeat in chorus.

**Tora** *(o)Tora* n.9/10 the Torah (in Judaism, the law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures) • *Etora ekolebwa ebitabo bitaanu.* The Torah is made up of five books.

**toroiga** *(oku)toroiga* v.intr. *toroigere* to become dim, to become fainter, to be almost lost to sight, to disappear on the horizon • *Etaala ekutoroiga.* The lamp has become dim.

**torooga** *(oku)torooga* v.intr. *toroogere* (of herbivorous animals) to give birth prematurely • *Onte wange yatoroogere.* My cow calved prematurely.

**tota** *(oku)tota* v.intr. *totere* to be soaked, to be wet • *Ekiteeteeyi kyamwe kitotere n'entuuyo.* Her dress is soaked in sweat.

**toti** (e.g. *butori, gatoti, mutoti*) adj. watery, thin, diluted • *Atusumbiire obwita butoti.* He has cooked for us watery millet paste.

**totobala** *(oku)totobala* v.intr. *totobaire* to be soaked (heavily), to be wet to the bones • *Enkaito zaanywe zitotobaire n'amaizi.* Your shoes are thoroughly soaked in water.

**totobalya** *(oku)totobalya* v.tr. *totobairye* to make wet • *Omwana waa-* *mu akutotobalya engoye.* Your child is making the clothes wet.

**totoigerya** *(oku)totoigerya* v.intr. *totoigeirye* (a) to germinate, to sprout, to shoot roots • *Ebiyimba bitandikire okutotoigerya.* The beans have started germinating. (b) to regenerate, regain life, revive • *Oikendi n'atoonya ekikonge ni totoigerya.* The stamp regenerated when it started raining.

**tu-**<sup>1</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of the first person plural on verbs

**tu-**<sup>2</sup> pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 13 on verbs

**tudi** [see *di*]

**tukulika** *(oku)tukulika* v.intr. *tukilikire* (of an eye) to turn red, to be pink • *Ocuucu yamwabire omu maiso ni gatukulika muno.* Dust went into her eyes, and they turned red.

**tukuliki** (e.g. *lutukiriki, baktuuliki, kitukuliki*) adj. red • *Yamuguliire olugoye lutukuliki.* He bought for him a red item of clothing.

**tukulikya** *(oku)tukulikya* v.tr. *tukulikirye* to make red, to redden • *Okalali atukulikikya amaiso.* Hot pepper makes eyes red.

**tukutuku**<sup>1</sup> *(o)tukutuku* n.1a/10 threewheeled motorcycle • *Tukutuku zikanyire omu Uganda ebiro bini.* These days three-wheeled motorcycles have become popular in Uganda.

**tukutuku**<sup>2</sup> ideo. brand new • *Yaguure egaali giyaaka tukutuku.* He bought a brand-new bicycle.

**tukutuku**<sup>3</sup> ideo. thoroughly, very • *Olugoye lwamwe lutukuliki tukutuku.* His cloth is thoroughly red.

**tulika** *(oku)tulika* v.intr./tr. *tulikire* (a) to pop, to blow up, to break out, to burst, to explode • *Emberenge zitulikire omu sefuliya.* The popcorns popped out of the saucepan. (b) (of millet) to germinate • *Obwita twabusigire ni butatulikira.* We planted millet, but it never germinated. (lit. We planted millet, but it did not burst.) (c) to shed (tears) • *Yali mwinamiri n'atulika amaliga.* She was so sad, tears flowed down her face.

**tulinkira** *(oku)tulinkira* v.tr. *tulinkiire* to smell like, to smell of • *Omutemi wa mberege atulinkira mberege.* The pork butcher smells like pigs.

**tulo** *(o)tulo* n.13 <from Lug.> sleep • *Yazwire omu tulo omukali ni yatandikire okuwonda ebiduuma.* He woke up from sleep when the women started pounding maize.

**tuluca** *(oku)tuluca* v.tr. *tulucirye* to pound thoroughly, to crash • *Wonda amaido ogatuluce.* Pound the groundnuts thoroughly.

**tulugunya** *(oku)tulugunya* v.tr. *tulugunyere* to mistreat, to torture • *Abasirikale batulugunya abantu omu Uganda.* Soldiers in Uganda torture people.

**tuluka** *(oku)tuluka* v.intr. *tulukire* to be pounded finely, to be crashed • *Awondere amaido ni gatuluka kusai.* She has finely pounded the groundnuts.

**tuma** *(oku)tuma* v.tr. *tumire* to send (a person) • *Ka ntume omwana antwareyo embuli oku kisiko.* Let me send the child to take the goats to graze.

**tumbeera** *(oku)tumbeera* v.tr. *tumbereire* to accumulate, to pile up • *Okasasiro balwire okumuyoola n'atumbeera.* They have taken long without collecting garbage and it has now accumulated.

**tumbiira** *(oku)tumbiira* v.intr. *tumbiriire* (a) to go very high, to rise to a great height, to be swollen, to swell up • *Endege etumbiira omu bire aiguru.* The aeroplane is flying high in the air. (b) (of an abdomen) to be bloated • *Ekida kikuntumbiira.* I have bloating.

**tumbiirisya** *(oku)tumbiirisya* v.tr. *tumbiiriisirye* to leaven • *Tosobola kutumbiirisya migaate mu naku za kwakalaku.* You cannot leaven bread during Passover.

**tumbiirya** *(oku)tumbiirya* v.tr. *tumbiriirye* to exalt, to glorify • *Kisai abantu okutumbiirya eibara lya Kanca.* It is good to glorify God's name. **tumbisya** *(oku)tumbisya* v.tr. *tumbisirye* to leaven • *Emigaati egitumbisyibwe tigikola omu kanisa.* Leavened bread is not used in church.

**tumbuka** *(oku)tumbuka* v.intr. *tumbukire* (a) to increase in size, to bulge out, to get bigger, to swell • *Enda y'omukali etumbukire.* The woman's stomach has bulged out. (b) to rise, to develop, to boom • *Ebbizineesi yaamwe etumbukire okuzwa ni yafunire erooni.* His business is booming since he got a loan. (c) (of fire) to light brighter • *Omuuro gutumbukire.* The fire is burning brighter. (d) (of soap) to foam • *Osabbuuni n'atumbukire kirangire nti engoye zeere.* The foaming of the soap shows that the clothes are clean.

**tumbukya** *(oku)tumbukya* v.tr. *tumbukirye* to turn up, to increase (e.g. the volume) • *Tumbukya ladiyo tuwuure.* Turn up the radio so that we can hear.

**tumbula** *(oku)tumbula* v.tr. *tumbwire* to develop, to boost, to improve • *Ekyalo kya waiswe oLubega akitumbwire.* Lubega has developed our village.

**tumbya** *(oku)tumbya* v.tr. *tumbirye* to exaggerate, to overstate, to embellish • *Abantu batumbya bya bandi ebyabwe ni babisirikira.* People always exaggerate the negative things about others but keep quiet about their own weaknesses. (a Ruruuli-Lunyala proverb)

**tumi** (e.g. *mutumi, batumi*) adj. with a habit of sending others on errands • *Boojo omukali oyo mutumi.* Colleagues, that woman is a habitual sender!

**tumira** *(oku)tumira* v.tr. *tumiire* to send for • *Susan, tumira Amos aize ani.* Susan, please send for Amos to come here.

**tumisya** *(oku)tumisya* v.tr. *tumisirye* to cause to come, to send for, to commission, to instruct, to order (merchandise) • *Natumisirye oKato andeetere amaizi.* I instructed Kato to bring me water.

**tunda** *(oku)tunda* v.tr. *tundire* to sell, to trade, to vend • *Yatundire ente zaamwe eigolo.* He sold his cattle yesterday.

**tunga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tunga* v.tr. *tungire* (a) to get, to acquire, to receive, to accumulate, to achieve • *Abanyala okutunga emirimo omu Baganda amabara bagaindwire.* In order to get employment in Buganda, the Banyala had to change their names. (b) (of a man or woman) to marry • *OMulindwa atungire omukali owondi.* Mulindwa has married another wife. (c) **tunga (o)buguuda** to acquire wealth, to get rich, to become rich • *OKanca anjune ntunge obuguuda okwakala omu mazira agasai.* May God help me acquire wealth through honest means. **tunga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)tunga* v.tr. *tungire* to sew, to tailor • *Yatungire saati nga akolesya ekyalaani.* She sewed the shirt using a sewing machine.

**tungaani** (e.g. *kitangaani, lutangaani, gitangaani*) adj. sour • *Omuwogo guni gulimu akatungaani.* This cassava is a bit sour.

**tungatunga** adv. hurriedly, quickly • *Yazwire ani tungatunga.* She went away hurriedly.

**tungi** (e.g. *mutungi, batungi*) adj. (a) hard-working, good at making

money • *Omusaiza oyo mutungi.* That man is good at making money. (b) wealthy, rich, affluent, well off, affluent, prosperous • *Owakitiinisya Ssebaana yaali musaiza mutungi.* Hon. Ssebaana was a very wealthy man.

**tungukya** [see *maisa*] *(oku)tungukya* v.tr. *tunkukirye* to pluck, to pull the feathers from, to defeather • *Abaana banyumirwa muno okutungukya onkoko.* Children like plucking off feathers from a chicken very much.

**tungulisya** *(oku)tungulisya* v.tr. *tungulisirye* to pop out (e.g. eyes) • *Amaizi gatungulisya amaiso g'abantu abafeera mu nyanja.* Water makes the eyes of dead people pop out.

**tuni** [see *ni*]

**tuntumuka** *(oku)tuntumuka* v.intr. *tuntumukire* (a) to flare up, to blaze • *Bona omuuro gukutuntumuka.* Look, the fire is flaring up. (b) (of vegetation) to spring up, (as a flock of birds) to rise up in a group

**tuntura** *(oku)tuntura* v.intr. *tuntwire* to worry, to be afraid, to be worried • *Atuntwire n'ambwoine.* He got worried upon seeing you.

**tunturya** *(oku)tunturya* v.tr. *tuntwirye* to mistreat, to torture • *Lekerawo okutunturya abantu.* Stop mistreating people.

**turakita** *(e)turakita* n.9/10 <from En.> tractor • *Eturakita ekukwoiga endumiro ya Naluyulu.* The tractor is harrowing Naluyulu's garden.

**tutula** *(oku)tutula* v.tr. *tutwire* to start (an engine) • *Tutula epikipiki eni mangumangu!* Please, start the motorcycle quickly!

**tutulya** *(oku)tutulya* v.intr. *tutwirye* (of mushroom) to sprout • *Obutiko butandikire okututulya.* The mushrooms have started sprouting.

**tutumuka** *(oku)tutumuka* v.intr. *tutumukire* to become famous, to become well-known, to become popular • *OMatovu yakasenga baitu atutumukire.* Matovu has just moved here, but he has become famous.

**tuuba** *(oku)tuuba* v.intr. *tuubire* to be greedy, to be gluttonous • *Mwojo we otuubire, okusaba enyama gingi ng'ate tiwagimalewo.* You boy, you are greedy. You are asking for a lot of meat, which you won't finish up. **tuubi** (e.g. *mutuubi, batuubi, kituubi*) adj. greedy • *Omuntu omutuubi tafa ku bairaamwe.* A greedy person does not mind others.

**tuufu** (e.g. *mutuufu, kituufu, batuufu*) adj. correct, appropriate, true, right • *Oli mutuufu okupeka omwana oyo kubba ata n'empisa zibbi.* You are right to chase that child because he has bad behaviour.

**tuuka** *(oku)tuuka* v.tr. *tuukire* to join by tying (e.g. a rope), to connect, to join end to end • *Maare okutuuka omuguwa gwa mbuli.* I have finished splicing the rope for the goat.

**tuuma** *(oku)tuuma* v.tr. *tuumire* (a) to pile, to heap, to swell out, to be on

the point of bursting • *Otairamu kutuuma ani kasasiro.* Don't pile rubbish here again. (b) to swell out, to be on the point of bursting (from overeating, to anger)

**tuuta**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)tuuta* v.intr. *tuutire* to rumble, to roar • *Amaizi ga Kiira gatuuta buli nkya.* The water of the River Nile rumbles every day.

**tuutu**<sup>2</sup> *(e)tuutu* n.9 warmth • *Etuutu ereteibwe isana.* The warmth has been caused by sunshine.

**tuutya** *(oku)tuutya* v.tr. *tuutyire* to sound a drum, to beat a drum • *Naani oyo akutuutya engoma?* Who is that beating the drums?

**tuuya** *(oku)tuuya* v.intr. *tuuyire* to sweat, to break out in a sweat • *Omusaiza atuuyire kwa ikendi!* The man broke out in a sweat while it is raining!

**twabwe** [see *abwe*]

**twaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**twakaala** *(oku)twakaala* v.tr. *twakaire* to redden, turn red, (of eyes) to become bloodshot• *Amaiso gatwakaire nka aga kisyo.* The eyes have reddened like those of a weaverbird. **twakaali** (e.g. *matwakaali, lutwakaali, kitwakaali*) adj. red, crimson • *Amaiso ga Susan gata gatwakaali.* Susan's eyes are always red.

**twala** *(oku)twala* v.tr. *twaire* (a) to take, to carry, to lead • *Twala esimu eyo oku muuro.* Take that telephone for charging. (b) to grab, to snatch • *Omwibbi atwaire ensawu yange.* A thief has grabbed my bag.

**twaliirya** *(oku)twaliirya* v.tr. *twaliirye* (a) to keep doing, to continue on, to keep going, to stay on • *Omulumu gwa kideero tukugutwaliirya.* We are continuing with the writing of the dictionary. (b) **twaliirya (o)bwire** to pass time • *Ka nyabeku ewa Sembatya ntwaliirye obwire.* Let me go to Sembyatya's and pass time.

**twamu** [see *amu*]

**twamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**twange** [see *ange*]

**twanywe** [see *nywe*]

**twawa** ideo. expression of suffering or unhappiness • *Akunga twawa nk'ontwiga.* He is suffering greatly.

**tweka** *(oku)tweka* v.tr. *twekere* to impregnate • *Atwekere omwara wange enda.* He has impregnated my daughter.

**twekera** *(oku)twekera* v.tr. *twekeire* to fix, to attach (e.g. a hoe or axe to a handle) • *Twekera ensika yange mwirange.* Please attach the hoe-handle to my hoe.

**twisiti** *(o)twisiti* n.1a/10 <from En.> pleat (on a piece of garment) • *Aguure olugoye lwa twisiti.* She has bought a dress with pleats.

**two** it (class 13 independent pronoun)

**twoda** *(oku)twoda* v.tr. *twodere* to weave (a rope) • *Omukoli yatwodere omuguwa ogulai.* The worker wove a long rope.

**twoga** *(oku)twoga* v.tr. *twogere* to design, to paint, to colour, to decorate with colours, to tint • *Ndi ani*

*nkutwoga kisira kyange.* I am here designing my basket.

**(-)tyai** (e.g. *otyai, atyai*) interrog. how • *Omanya otyai?* How do you know?

**tyama** <Buyende> *(oku)tyama* v.intr. *tyamire* to sit • *Tyama adi ampi n'omugenyi omukulu.* Sit there near the guest of honour.

**tyeka** *(oku)tyeka* v.tr. *tyekere* to ambush, to lie in wait, to attack • *Abanyagi bamutyekeire oku nzira ni bamwibba.* The robber ambushed him along the way and robbed him of his property.

**tyemuka** *(oku)tyemuka* v.intr. *tyemukire* to take fright, to experience a panic attack • *Nibaasomere ibara lyange omwoyo ni guntyemuka.* When they read my name, I experienced a panic attack.

**tyemula** *(oku)tyemula* v.tr. *tyemwire* (a) to tear into pieces, to shred, to cut into ribbons • *Atyemwire saati yange.* He has torn my shirt into pieces. (b) **tyemula (o)mwoyo** to scare, to frighten • *Ontyemwire omwoyo.* You have scared me to death. (c) (of a judge) to rule (on a

case) • *Omulamuli omusango yagutyemula mambya.* The judge will rule on the case tomorrow.

**tyeno** *(o)tyeno* n.1a/10 type of flying termites that usually fly in the evening between April and early May

**tyereka** <Ruruuli> *(oku)tyereka* v.intr. *tyerekere* (a) to be smooth, to be slippery (b) to slip, to slide, to glide

**tyerera** <Lunyala> *(oku)tyerera* v.intr. *tyereire* (a) to be smooth, to be slippery (b) to slip, to slide, to glide • *Yatyereire n'agwa.* He slid and fell. **tyetyemuka** *(oku)tyetyemuka* v.intr. *tyetyemukire* to burst into laughter • *Ni namuboine engeri gye yazwaire, ni ntyetyemuka.* When I saw how he was dressed, I burst into laughter.

**(-)tyo**<sup>1</sup> (e.g. *atyo)* adv. like that • *Ayabire atyo.* He has gone like that.

**tyo**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *gityo, kityo, katyo*) adj. blunt, not sharp • *Empasa yange gityo.* My axe is blunt.

**tyoka** *(oku)tyoka* v.tr. *tyokere* to sprain • *Gendeera, otatyoka kugulu.* Be careful not to sprain your leg.

# **U**

**Uganda** *Uganda* n.9 Uganda • *Uganda esangibwa mu buwuluka isana*

*bwa Africa.* Uganda is found in East Africa.

# **V**

**vakisiwogeni** *(e)vakisiwogeni* n.9/10 <from German> Volkswagen • *Bamuwaire evakisiwogeni giyaaka.* He was given a new Volkswagen car.

**vanila** *(o)vanila* n.1a/10 <from En.> vanilla • *Aba Bugonya baluma muno ovanila.* A lot of people from Bugonya grow vanilla.

**vanisi** *(o)vanisi* n.1a/10 <from En.> varnish, lacquer• *Ta ovanisi oku meeza yange.* Varnish my table. (lit. Put varnish on my table.)

**vanjiri** *(e)vanjiri* n.9/10 <from En.> gospel • *Ofaaza akusoma vanjiri.* The father is reading the gospel.

**vesiti** *(e)vesiti* n.9/10 <from En.> vest • *Zwala evesiti yaamu.* Wear your vest.

**videyo** *(e)videyo* n.9/10 <from En.> video • *Nkutaka kubona videyo.* I would like to watch video.

**viini** *(o)viini* n.1a <from En.> wine (for Catholics) • *Oviini akolesyebwa mu kusembera.* Wine is used in the Holy Communion.

**viinyo** *(o)viinyo* n.1a <from En.> wine (for Protestants) • *Omuliisya wa njiri atunyweserye viinyo.* The preacher has given us wine to drink.

**Vikitooriya** *(o)Vikitooriya* n.1a <from En.> Lake Victoria • *Enyanja ya Vikitooriya gikooto.* Lake Victoria is big.

**vitamiini** *(e)vitamiini* n.9/10 <from En.> vitamin • *Evitamiini C esangi-* *bwa mu bibala.* Vitamin C is found in fruits.

**vuba** [see also *tega*] *(oku)vuba* v.tr. *vubire* to fish • *Okuvuba mulumu oguzwamu empiiya.* Fishing is an economic activity.

**vuga** *(oku)vuga* v.tr. *vugire* (a) to drive • *Mmaite okuvuga motoka.* I know how to drive a car. (b) to ride • *Nvuga egaali buli kiro okwaba oku isomero.* I ride a bicycle to school every day. (c) to steer (a boat) • *Okuvuga eryato mulumu gwa kikugu.* Steering a boat is a technical job. (d) to pilot (an airplane) • *Yavugire endege okuzwa Entebbe okwika e Nairobi.* He piloted the plane from Entebbe to Nairobi. (e) to play (a musical instruments), to sound • *Engoma za keiserye nga zikuvuga.* Drums played throughout the night.

**vuganya** *(oku)vuganya* v.intr. *vuganirye* (a) to oppose, to object, to deny • *Lekerawo okunvuganyanga mu bye nkusimoola.* Stop opposing my words. (b) to compete • *Batandikire okuvuganya mu mbiro.* They have started competing in athletics.

**vulunga** *(oku)vulunga* v.tr. *vulungire* (a) to roll, to turn over, to jumble up (b) to eat extravagantly (a sauce) • *Abaana abato bavulunga muno mukubi.* The children eat sauce extravagantly.

**vumbata** *(oku)vumbata* v.tr. *vumba-*

*tire* (a) to hug, to embrace • *Ni yamuboine n'amuvumbata.* He hugged her when he saw her. (b) to cuddle, to caress, to console, to pamper, to quite down (a baby), to appease, • *Vumbata omwana oyo atayakalwamu mulombe.* Cuddle that baby so that it stays warm.

**vumbavumba** *(oku)vumbavumba* v.tr. *vumbavumbire* to massage gently • *Vumbavumba oibaawo okugulu.* Massage your husband's leg.

**vumbula** *(oku)vumbula* v.tr. *vumbwire* to discover, to invent, to find, to find out • *Naani eyavumbwire esigiri?* Who invented the charcoal

# **W**

**wa**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)wa* v.ditr. *weire* to give • *Mpa ekitabo ekyo.* Give me that book.

**wa**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)wa* v.intr. *weire* to be over, to finish, to end, to come to an end • *Olukumbaana luweire.* The meeting has ended.

**wa-**<sup>3</sup> pf. subject agreement prefix of class 16 on verbs

**waa**<sup>1</sup> adv. aimlessly • *Atambula atyo waa…* He is loitering aimlessly.

**waa**<sup>2</sup> ideo. sound of pouring water (denoting rapidly or at once) • *Oikendi yasukukire waa…* The rain has poured rapidly.

**waabira** *(oku)waabira* v.tr. *waabiire* to report, to open a case against,

stove?

**vunaanyizibwa** *(oku)vunaanyizibwa* v.intr. to be responsible • *ekitongole kya gavument ekivunaanyizibwa oku bigwabitalagire* the government agency responsible for disaster preparedness

**vunula** *(oku)vunula* v.tr. *vunwire* to translate • *Vunula ekitabo kini omu Luzungu.* Translate this book into English.

**vuumuula** *(oku)vuumuula* v.tr. *vuumwire* to race, to drive speedily, to drive quickly • *Omusaiza akuvuumuula motoka nk'omulalu?* He is racing like a madman.

to file a complaint against • *Abaibbire ente zange nabawaabiire oku poliisi.* I reported to the police the ones who stole my cattle.

**waabwe** [see *abwe*]

**waadiroopu** *(e)waadiroopu* n.9/10 <from En.> wardrobe • *Engoye bazibiika ku mulabba kubba tibalina waadiroopu.* They keep the clothes on the rafter because they have no wardrobe.

**waalaala**<sup>1</sup> *(o)waalaala* n.1a/10 hadada ibis (*Bostrychia hagedash*) • *Owaawaala kibba muno omu bisai.* The hadada ibis frequently dwells in places where there is cow dung.

**waalaala**<sup>2</sup> ideo. sound used to ex-

# press an alarm

**waalu** [see also *ntuuwai*] *(o)waalu* n.1a/10 golden crested crane, grey crowned crane (*Balearica regulorum*) • *Akabonero ka Uganda kaliku owaalu.* The golden crested crane is part of Uganda's coat of arms.

**Waalwo** *(o)Waalwo* n.1a/2 name given to a boy born when all her elder siblings are dead • *OWaalwo abba mwana abyaliibwe nga abaganda boona bafiire.* Waalwo is a child who is born when all his siblings are dead.

**waama** *(oku)waama* v.tr. *waamire* to slander, to blackmail • *Ti niye yakikoore, baamuwaamirembe.* She didn't do it, she was just blackmailed.

**waamu** [see *amu*]

**waamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

```
waanywe [see nywe]
```
**waawaala** *(oku)waawaala* v.tr. *waawaalire* to reverberate • *Ekirasamalaka kikuwaawaala.* The microphone is reverberating.

**waawaawa** *(o)waawaawa* n.1a/2 an indiscreet person • *Owaawaawa tomukobera kya ku mwoyo.* An indiscreet person doesn't keep secrets.

**waawo** *(oku)waawo* v.intr. *weirewo* to get finished, to be extinct, to be over, to come to an end • *Emere gye wampaire eweirewo kakyalumwe.* The food you gave me is completely finished.

**waba** *(oku)waba* v.intr. *wabire* (a) to go astray, to get out of control •

*Emotoka emulemereire n'ewaba.* He lost control and the car went off the road. (b) to lose focus, to lose concentration • *Oisentebe waiswe awabire mu by'abbaire akusimoola.* Our chairman lost focus in his speech.

**wabba** *(oku)wabba* v.tr. *wabbire* to ask (for seeds to plant) • *Ayabire kuwabba busigo.* She has gone to ask for seed to plant.

**wabirenga** *(o)wabirenga* n.1a/2 person who keeps secrets, secret keeper • *Owabirenga muntu musai okubba naye kubba akuuma ebyama.* It is nice to stay with a person who keeps secrets.

**wabirenge** *(o)wabirenge* n.1a/2 person who cooks hooves and sells them • *ONancwezi wabirenge.* Nancwezi sells hooves.

**wabisanzire** *(o)wabisanzire* n.1a/2 joker, jester, humorist • *Owabisanzire asekesya abantu buli kaseera.* A joker always makes people laugh.

**wabizobo** *(o)wabizobo* n.1a/2 person with a lisp • *Owabizobo amaare okusimoola.* The person with a lisp has finished speaking.

**wabula**<sup>1</sup> conj. but • *ODamali abbaire muntu musai, wabula bamuyindwire.* Damali has been a good person, but she has been transferred.

**wabula**<sup>2</sup> adv. surely, certainly • *Wabula osumbire ocaayi!* You certainly prepared a very good tea.

**wabula**<sup>3</sup> *(oku)wabula* v.tr. *wabwire* to guide • *Nkobera ekiruubiirwa kyamu nsobole okukuwabula okusai.*

wabula Tell me your goal so that I can guide you properly.

**wabuliizo** *(o)wabuliizo* n.1a/2 civilian, ordinary citizen, private citizen • *Owamaje aitire omuntu wabuliizo.* A soldier has killed a civilian.

**wabyamawuuro** *(o)wabyamawuuro* n.1a/2 information secretary • *Owabyamawuuro ategeeze abantu okugema abaana.* Let the information secretary inform the people about childhood immunisation.

**wade** [see *gonze*] conj. (a) though, even if, although • *Wade wandoleera tinabibaze.* Even if you look at me with demanding eyes, I will not tell you. (b) even, still • *Ndoowo wade eitondo lya maizi ereero.* There is not a single drop of water today.

**wadi** [see *di*]

**wadiira** *(oku)wadiira* v.intr. *wadiire* to be argumentative • *Mwana we owadiira muno.* Child, you are very argumentative.

**wagala** *(oku)wagala* v.tr. *wagaire* to whet, to sharpen (e.g. with a whetstone), to make sharp • *Yaba owagale ensone eyo tusale enyama.* Go and sharpen that knife and we cut meat.

**wagamira** *(oku)wagamira* v.intr. *wagamiire* to get stuck • *Omukaire awagamiire omu saabu.* An old woman got stuck in the mud.

**wagira** *(oku)wagira* v.tr. *wagiire* to support, to be in support of • *Tukuwagira tiimu ya Villa.* We are supporting Villa football team.

**wagubbi** *(o)wagubbi* n.1a/2 bad

hearted person • *Omukali oyo wagubbi, mutayaba waamwe.* That woman is bad hearted, don't go to her place.

**waguuka**<sup>1</sup> *(okw)aguuka* v.intr. *waguukire* (of people) to be big, to be huge, to grow tall and fat • *Omwojo oni yawaguukire bundi.* The boy has grown too tall and fat.

**waguuka**<sup>2</sup> *(okw)aguuka* v.tr. *waguukire* to quench (thirst), to satisfy (one's thirst) by drinking • *Nywire amaizi ni mpaguuka amalo.* I drank water and quenched my thirst.

**waibararibbi** *(o)waibararibbi* n.1a/2 person with a bad reputation • *Owaibararibbi tabba mwebembezi.* A person with a bad reputation cannot be a leader.

**waibboto** *(o)waibboto* n.1a/10 nightjar • *Owaibboto abiika amawuli abiri gonkai.* A nightjar lays only two eggs.

**waibolo** *(o)waibolo* n.1a penis • *Omukaire alwaire okookolo oku waibolo.* The old man has contracted cancer of the penis.

**waigongolo** *(e)waigongolo* n.9/10 pottery engraving tool with the pattern of millipede • *Ewaigongolo bagitonesya binaga.* A pottery engraving tool with the shape of a millipede is used to decorate pots.

**waigunduura** *(o)waigunduura* n.1a/10 dung beetle • *Owaigunduura ayiringitya ebisai.* The dung beetle rolls the dung.

**waikere** *(e)waikere* n.9/10 pottery

engraving tool with the pattern of a toad • *Ewaikere yoona bagitonesya ebinaga.* A pottery engraving tool with the shape of a toad is also used to decorate pots.

**waikirwa** *(a)waikirwa* n.16 reception • *Banza oireyo edi awaikirwa ofune olukusa.* First go back to the reception and get permission.

**waikudumu** *(o)waikudumu* n.1a/2 arrogant person • *Owaikudumu abba muzibu okukola na ye.* An arrogant person is difficult to work with.

**waikuli** [see *nfukuzi*] *(o)waikuli* n.1a/10 African giant pouched rat (*Cricetomys gambianus*) • *Ewaikuli zimaarewo ebiyaata bya mulumi.* Giant pouched rats have finished up the farmer's potatoes.

**wairindi** *(o)wairindi* n.1a scabies • *Omulwaire wa wairindi abba n'olususu olusiiyirya.* The patient with scabies has an itching skin.

**waisegenyi** *(o)waisegenyi* n.1a slender mongoose • *Owaisegenyi andiriire onkoko wange.* A slender mongoose has eaten my chicken.

**waisomba** *(o)waisomba* n.1a/10 giant pouched rat (genus Cricetomys) • *Waisomba amaliire ensone n'ebijiiko.* The giant pouched rat has carried all my knives and spoons.

**waisonsolyai** *(o)waisonsolyai* n.1a/10 bulbul • *Owaisonsolyai ngodi akulya amenju gaamu.* The bulbul is there eating your yellow banana.

**waisungeerya** [see also *kamusungusungu*] *(o)waisungeerya* n.1a/10

hornbill • *Waisungeerya abba n'akasunsu ku mutwe.* A hornbill has a small crest on the head.

**waiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**waisya** *(oku)waisya* v.tr. *waisirye* to exalt, to praise • *Twabe tuwaisye oKanca.* Let's go and praise God.

**waita** *(oku)waita* v.tr. *waitire* to peel, to remove skin from • *Tukwaba kuwaita matooke.* We are going to peel bananas.

**waitu** interj. response to a call • *Bamwetere n'airamu ati 'waitu'.* He was called and he responded, "Yes, please".

**waituuru** [see also *kakolwa*] *(o)waituuru* n.1a/10 banded mongoose

**waiwulu** *(o)waiwulu* n.1a/10 glossy ibis (*Plegadis falcinellus*, large black ibis with a large beak and webbed feet• *Owaiwulu kibba kinyonyi ekisaba ikendi n'atoonya.* The glossy ibis is believed to ask for rain, and it falls. **waiyenje** *(o)waiyenje* n.1a dizziness • *Owaiyenje ayinza okuleetebwa endwaire ya matwi.* Dizziness can be caused by an infection in the ear.

**wajaayu** [see *waituuru*] *(o)wajaayu* n.1a/10 genet • *Owajaayu alya enkoko za baliisya.* The genet eats the farmer's chickens.

**waka** *(oku)waka* v.intr. *wakire* (of an animal) to be pregnant • *Ontaama wange awakire.* My sheep is pregnant.

**wakaima** [see *wakame*]

**wakame** *(o)wakame* n.1a/10 rabbit, hare • *Owakame alina amatwi galai.* The rabbit has long ears.

**wakana** *(oku)wakana* v.intr. *wakaine, wakanere* (a) to argue, to disagree, to dispute, to contradict • *Mwana we lwaki okuwakana n'omaawo?* Child, why are you arguing with your mother? (b) to compete (in a game) • *OKayunga akuwakana n'oKanjuki mu mupiira.* Kayunga is playing against Kanjuki.

**wakanisya** *(oku)wakanisya* v.tr. *wakanisirye* to oppose, to object to, to dispute with, to contradict, to disagree with, to be against • *Ni twabba omu lukiiko tinkwiza kukuwakanisya bye wateesa.* When we are in a meeting, I won't oppose your ideas.

**wakankula** *(oku)wakankula* v.tr. *wakankwire* to begin, to start, to initiate • *Omwojo ataka muno okuwakankula entalo.* The boy likes very much to begin fights.

**wakanya** *(oku)wakanya* v.intr./tr. *wakanirye* (a) to argue with, to fight, to object • *Ni waba omu woofiisi yaamwe, tomuwakanya.* When you go to his office, don't argue with him. (b) to compete, to contest, to participate • *Abaana bali ani bakuwakanya mu byembo.* The school children are here to compete in music.

**wakibiina** *(o)wakibiina* n.1a/2 party member • *Nje ndi wakibiina kya D.P.* I am a D.P party member.

**wakibuga** *(o)wakibuga* n.1a/2 city dweller • *Oyo mwala wakibuga.* That girl is a city dweller.

**wakikona** [see also *kinkoona*] *(o)wa-*

*kikona* n.1a/10 pied crow (*Corvus albus*) • *Wakikona obwairai akukungira oku nyumba.* A pied crow has been crowing for a while from the top of the house.

**wakisya** *(oku)wakisya* v.tr. *wakisirye* to pollinate • *Enzoki ziwakisya emiyembe.* Bees pollinate mango trees.

**wakitiinisya** *(o)wakitiinisya* n.1a/2 honourable, venerable • *Owakitiinisya minisita wa byanyegesya niye mugeni waiswe omukulu.* The Honourable Minister for Education is our guest of honour.

**wakula** *(oku)wakula* v.tr. *wakwire* (a) to plan an arrest or attack, to mastermind an arrest or attack • *Omwibbi baamuwakuliire abasirikale ba poliisi.* They planned the arrest of the thief by the police. (b) **wakula (e)ntalo** to provoke (e.g. a war, a conflict) • *Omukali oyo ataka muno okuwakula entalo.* That woman likes provoking others into conflicts. (c) **wakula (o)bwoki** to harvest honey • *Omuzeeyi ayabire kuwakula bwoki.* The elder has gone to harvest honey. **wala** *(oku)wala* v.tr. *waare* to scrape off (rough surface) • *Walambe omu bigogo.* Just scrape off the weed in the banana plantation.

**walakata** [see *wala*] *(oku)walakata* v.tr. *walakatire* (a) to scrape off (a rough surface, e.g. the cortex of cassava) • *Walakata omuwogo oyo leke omulye.* Scrape off the cassava cortex before you eat it. (b) to shave off,

to shave • *Twala omwana oku salooni bamuwalakate eisoke eryo.* Take the child to salon and have her hair shaved off. (c) to reprimand, to criticise severely, to rebuke, to bawl out • *Oisentebe yawalakatire abaikali olwa busire.* The chairperson criticised severely the residents for being dirty. (d) **walakata (e)miigo** to beat severely • *Omwibbi wa boodabooda bamuwalakatire emiigo.* The motorbike thief was beaten severely.

**walampa** [see also *palampa*] *(oku) walampa* v.tr. *walampire* (a) to climb, to go up • *Omwana yawalampire omusaale n'anokolayo ofene.* The child climbed a tree and picked a jackfruit. (b) (of a plant) to climb, to grow up • *Amajaleero gawalampa emisaale.* Lima beans climb trees.

**walampuka** *(oku)walampuka* v.tr. *walampukire* to run speedily, to run quickly • *Omwana odi awalampuka embiro zingi.* That child runs very fast.

**walana** *(oku)walana* v.tr. *walaine* to hate, to dislike, to loathe • *Omukali akuwalana oibaamwe kubba yafunire omukali owondi.* The woman hates her husband because he married another woman.

**walangulya** *(oku)walangulya* v.tr. *walangwirye* to remove (leaves or thorns from a twig or a reed) • *Lwaki wagaine okuwalangulya amawa oku musaale ogwo?* Why did you refuse to remove the thorns from that tree? **walifu** *(-)walifu* n.1a alphabet • *Wa-* *lifu ya Ruruuli-Lunyala yawandiikibwe kusai.* The Ruruuli-Lunyala alphabet was well written.

**walira** *(oku)walira* v.intr. *waliire* to resist, to refuse, to reject, to move reluctantly • *Mbaire nkumuleeta n'awalira.* I was bringing him in, but he resisted.

**waliriza** [see also *ambiriza*] *(oku)waliriza* v.tr. *waliriize* to coerce, to force, to make, to compel • *Nkwewaliriza okuzwala baitu omukono gukyanduma.* I am forcing myself to dress up, but my hand still hurts.

**walubiri** *(o)walubiri* n.1a (a) sickle cells • *Obulwaire bwa walubiri bwita muno abantu.* (b) slender and tall person • *Nasangire akaana ka Nansayigi aka walubiri nga kakwaba oku isomero.* I met a slender and tall girl called Nansayigi going to school.

**walubu** [see also *walukookolwa*] *(o)walubu* n.1a/10 chameleon • *Walubu atambula asobbambe.* The chameleon walks very slowly.

**walugaaga** *(o)walugaaga* n.1a/10 heron • *Walugaaga zimira enjoka.* Herons swallow snakes.

**waluganda** *(o)waluganda* n.1a/2 (a) relative • *Abaluganda bange baizire okumbonaku.* My relatives have to visit me. (b) fellow Christian, brother, sister • *Abaluganda omu Yesu mwize turamye.* Dear brothers in Christ, come for prayers.

**Walugendo** *(o)Walugendo* n.1a name of child born while his or her mother is on journey • *Walugendo* *ibara eriweebwa omwana abyaliibwe nga onyina ali ku lugendo.* Walugendo is a name given to a child born while the mother is on a journey.

**walugundu** [see also *nfulugundu*] *(o)walugundu* n.1a/10 puff adder (*Bitis arietans*)

**walukolobbo** *(o)walukolobbo* n.1a/2 very tall, long • *Mboine omusaiza walukolobbo nga akwiruka embiro zingi.* I have seen a very tall man running very fast.

**walukookolwa** *(o)walukookolwa* n.1a/10 chameleon • *Owalukookolwa ayindulayindula erangi buli dakiika.* The chameleon changes its colour every minute.

**wamaaya** *(o)wamaaya* n.1a/2 one of people whose mothers are of the same clan • *Samson ne Gerald bawamaaya.* Samson and Gerald's mothers are sisters (i.e. of the same clan). **wamagye** *(o)wamagye* n.1a/2 soldier, serviceman • *Abamagye bakwata obwato bwe basanga oku nyanja.* The army men confiscate canoes they find on the lake.

**wamaje** *(o)wamaje* n.1a/2 soldier • *Owamaje aitire omuntu wabuliizo.* A soldier has killed a civilian.

**wamakuru** *(o)wamakuru* n.1a/2 journalist • *Omutaani wange ata wamakuru.* My son is a journalist.

**wamateeka** *(o)wamateeka* n.1a/2 legal consultant, lawyer • *Samwiri ata wamateeka.* Samwiri is a legal consultant.

**wamba** *(oku)wamba* v.tr. *wambire*

(a) to capture, to overtake • *Obote yawambire ogavumenti ya Muteesa omu mwaka gwa 1966.* Obote captured Muteesa's government in 1966. (b) to kidnap, to abduct, to confiscate, to commandeer, to appropriate • *Ebiro bini abazigu bakuwamba abaana ate ni babaita.* These days assailants kidnap children and kill them. (c) **wamba (e)mikono (o)ku mutwe** to have one's hands behind the head (putting hands behind one's head is a taboo and once done one signals that one is sick or mourning) • *Owambire emikono oku mutwe, oli mulwaire?* You have your hands behind your head, are you sick?

**Wambaale** *(o)Wambaale* n.1a name of a rock in Bunyala where one of the ancient kings used to massacre people • *Olwazi Wambaale luta Kirasa.* The Wambaale rock is found in Kirasa.

**wambaatira** *(oku)wambaatira* v.tr. *wambaatiire* to cuddle, to caress, to embrace, to hold tight to • *Wambaatira kusai omwana oyo.* Cuddle well that child.

**wambalaasi** *(o)wambalaasi* n.1a/2 horseman • *Owambalaasi abba mukugu omu kuvuga embalaasi.* A horseman is skilled in riding a horse. **wambiriza** *(oku)wambiriza* v.tr. *wambiriize* to force someone, to compel • *Naani yakwambirize okwaba e Kampala?* Who forced you to go to Kampala?

**wambooli** *(o)wambooli* n.1a black

kite (*Milvus migrans*) • *Owambooli amaare obwana bwa nkoko.* A kite has eaten all the chicks.

**wambya** *(oku)wambya* v.intr. *wambirye* to plead for help, to beg • *Talina sente akuwambyambe.* She doesn't have money, so she is pleading for help.

**wamudomo** *(o)wamudomo* n.1a/2 rumourmonger • *Owamudomo tasirika, abaza buli kaire.* A rumourmonger does not keep quiet, he talks all the time.

**wamukago** *(o)wamukago* n.1a/2 blood friend • *Owamukago aize tulye onkoko.* Let my blood friend come and we'll eat chicken together.

**wamukwano** *(o)wamukwano* n.1a/2 friend • *Abaluganda n'abamikwano nkusaba mwize oku mukolo gwange.* Relatives and friends please come and attend my party.

**wanaisuka** *(oku)wanaisuka* v.intr. *wanaisukire* to come down abruptly (from high elevation), to fall quickly • *Omwana awanaisukire oku musaale n'agwa.* The child came down abruptly from the tree and fell.

**wanaituka** [see *wanaisuka*]

**wandiika** *(oku)wandiika* v.tr. *wandiikire* to write • *Mpeerya ekalaamu yange mpandiike ebbaluwa.* Give me my pen and I'll write a letter.

**wandiira** *(oku)wandiira* v.intr. *wandiriire* to drizzle • *Oikendi atandikire okuwandiira.* It has begun to drizzle.

**wandiikisya** *(oku)wandikisya* v.tr.

*wandikisirye* to register, to enter in a list, to record, to enrol • *Nkwaba ku igombolola kuwandiikisya simukaadi yange.* I am going the subcounty headquarters to register my sim card.

**Wandira** [see also *Nandira*] *(o)Wandira* n.1a name given to a boy who is born with the umbilical cord around his neck • *Onkeremba oyo mwalikire Wandira kubba namubyaire ng'endira zimwezingire omu ikoti.* I have named that baby Wandira because he was born with the umbilical cord around his neck.

**Wanenge** *(o)Wanenge* n.1a name given to a child who was born bottom first (breech birth) • *Oyo omwana niye Wanenge kubba yaleetere magula ng'akubyalibwa.* That child is called Wanenge because he was born bottom first.

**wanga** *(oku)wanga* v.tr. *wangire* (a) to fix (the shutter in a door or window frame) • *Wanga olwige lwange.* Fix the shutters of my door in a frame. (b) to install (fetishes), to put in place • *Omusaiza yawangire amembe gaamwe.* The man installed his fetishes. (c) (of God) to create • *ORuwanga niye yawangire enca eni.* God created this world.

**wangaala** [see also *mamaala*] *(oku) wangaala* v.tr. *wangaire* to live (a long life, many years), to last long • *OSebwato awangaire emyaka gingi.* Sebwato has lived for so many years. **wangaali** (e.g. *kiwangaali*) adj. long

lasting • *Ekika kya ibaati kini kiwangaali.* This type of iron sheet is long lasting.

**wangaana** *(oku)wangaana* v.intr. *wangaanire* to shout, to cry out in alarm, to cry in distress • *OBwiruka oyo n'abba akweta omuntu awangaanambe.* When Bwiruka is calling someone, he shouts.

**wangaazi** [see also *wangaali*] (e.g. *mpangaazi, luwangaazi, kiwangaazi*) adj. long lasting, durable • *Entebe ekoleibwe mu musaale gwa musutai eta mpangaazi.* A chair made of albizia is durable.

**wanganguka** *(oku)wanganguka* v.intr. *wangangukire* to go into exile, to be exiled • *Abanyarwanda baingi baawangangukiire mu Uganda.* Many Rwandans went into exile in Uganda.

**wange** [see *ange*]

**wangi** [see also *waitu*] interj. polite response to a call • *Omwana wa mpisa ni bamweta ayetebuka nti wangi.* A well-mannered child responds by saying "Yes, please!" when he is called.

**wangiirya** *(oku)wangiirya* v.tr. *wangiriirye* to slander, to vilify, to libel, to intentionally accuse falsely • *Lwaki okuwangiirya omwiraawo?* Why are you slandering your colleague?

**wanguguma** *(o)wanguguma* n.1a/2 stutterer • *Owanguguma atwala obwire okuwulukya ekigambo.* A stutterer takes a long time to utter a word.

**wangula** *(oku)wangula* v.intr./tr. *wangwire* (a) to win (over), to defeat • *Ni mwampangula naganyika.* If you defeat me, I will accept it. (b) to succeed, to achieve success, to be successful • *Kola muno owangule.* Work hard in order to succeed.

**wani** [see *ni*<sup>2</sup> ]

**waniira** *(oku)waniira* v.tr. *waniriire* to support, to prop up, to sustain • *Ekitina kiwaniira amataagi.* The stem supports the branches.

**wanika** *(oku)wanika* v.tr. *wanikire* (a) to put up, to raise • *Amaite ansa awanike omukono.* One who knows the answer put up your hand. (b) to hang up • *Wanika engoye ezo ku hanga.* Hang up those clothes on the hanger line. (c) to surrender, to give up • *Abaibbi bawanikire poliisi ni yaizire.* The thiefs surrendered when the police arrived.

**wanjaga** *(oku)wanjaga* v.tr. *wanjagire* to plead with, to appeal to • *Omukwate akuwanjagira omwami.* The arrested person is pleading with the chief.

**wantu** *(a)wantu* adv. somewhere, that place • *Nataire galubindi zaamu awantu baitu tinkuzibona.* I put your glasses somewhere, but I cannot find them.

**wanuka** *(oku)wanuka* v.intr. *wanukire* to fall off • *Ekikopo kiwanukire oku katandaalo, ni kigwa.* A cup fell off the rack.

**wanula** *(oku)wanula* v.tr. *wanwire* (a) to bring down, to demote •

*Bamuwanwireyo lwa butamiire.* He was demoted because of alcoholism. (b) to harvest (e.g. pawpaws, mangoes) • *Yawanwire amapaapaali n'agatuwa.* He harvested pawpaws and gave them to us.

**wanuuza** *(oku)wanuuza* v.intr. *wanuuzire* (a) to have a belief, to believe • *Kyanuuzibwa nti ani enjura eruga buwuluka.* It is believed that the rain comes from the east. (b) to refer to (a bad event in the past) • *Lwaki oyendya okuwanuuza ebyayakaire?* Why do you like to refer to the ugly past?

**wanyisa** *(oku)wanyisa* v.tr. *wanyisirye* to exchange, to interchange • *Tukwaba kuwanyisa sente n'omunywani wange.* We are going to exchange money with my friend.

**Wanzala** *(o)Wanzala* n.1a name given to a boy born during a famine • *Omwana odi bamweta Wanzala kubba yabyaliibwe kwa nzala.* That child is called Wanzala because he was born during a famine.

**wapoliisi** *(o)wapoliisi* n.1a/2 policeman • *Owapoliisi akwaite omwibbi wa nte.* The policeman has arrested a cattle thief.

**waraituka** *(oku)waraituka* v.intr. *waraitukire* (a) (of crawling creatures) to crawl, to creep, to move swiftly • *Onjoka awaraitukire n'agwa mu kisiko.* A snake crawled swiftly into the bush. (b) to be hostile to one another • *OMagado n'oWanzara bakuwaraituka lwa kibanja.* Magado and Wanzara are hostile to each other because of the land issue.

**waruzoka** *(o)waruzoka* n.1a/2 weakling • *Abaana abamwe bata bawaruzoka.* Some children are weaklings. **wasa** [see also *swera*] *(oku)wasa* v.tr. *wasirye* (of a man) to marry • *OWanzala akwaba kuwasa mukali mambya.* Wanzala is getting married tomorrow.

**wawabira** [see *waabira*]

**wawamuka** *(oku)wawamuka* v.tr. *wawamukire* to wake up abruptly, to startle • *Abantu babbaire bakukokooma ni bampawamula omu tulo.* People were shouting and woke me from sleep abruptly.

**wawuwawu** *(o)wawuwawu* n.1a/2 real thing, genuine representative, true representative, the real McCoy • *ONamutebi ata Muganda wawuwawu.* Namutebi is a real Muganda.

**waya** *(e)waya* n.9/10 <from En.> wire, cable • *Abaibbi baasaare ewaya za simu.* Thieves cut the telephone cables.

**wayini** *(o)wayini* n.1a <from En.> wine • *Mpeerya egiraasi ya wayini ngwisiirye emere.* Give me a glass of wine and I will wash down the food. **wazange** *(o)wazange* n.1a (a) my friend • *Wazange weekeere oize ani.* My friend come here first. (b) my spouse (wife or husband) • *Owazange nkukobere? Oli mukuni.* May I tell you, my wife, you are smart! **we** pro. you (second person singular independent pronoun) • *We oli mwo-* *jo toli mwala.* You are a boy, not a girl.

**weebale** interj. thank you • *Weebale muno ekyaigolo.* Thank you for the supper.

**weeka** *(oku)weeka* v.tr. *weekere* to carry on the back (esp. a child) • *Omusaiza aweekere omwana ku mugongo.* A man is carrying a baby on the back.

**weema** *(e)weema* n.9/10 <from Swahili> tent • *Eweema eni gikaire.* This tent is old.

**weena** [see also *(-)ena*] pro. you too, you as well (second person singular focused pronoun) • *Weena oizire ani?* You have also come here?

**weera**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)weera* v.intr./tr. *weereire* (a) to grind • *Aweera ensigo okufunamu obwita.* She grinds the seeds to obtain flour. (b) to breath • *Nk'okuweera muno, okuzwa kwiruka?* You are breathing fast, have you been running? (c) to be fully into • *OSylvia yaweereire omu bulokole.* Sylvia is fully into the born-again Christian movement.

**weera**<sup>2</sup> [see also *wa*] *(oku)weera* v.tr. *weereire* to get rid of • *Amawemuukirano nikyo gatakuweera mu Buruuli.* That is why disgrace associated with illegitimate birth can never be gotten rid of in Buruuli.

**weeraba** interj. bye bye, good bye • *Ni baabbaire bakwirayo, ni tubakoba "Mweraba!".* When they were leaving, we told them "Bye bye!".

**weerayo** *(oku)weerayo* v.intr. *wee-*

*reireyo* (a) to be out of sight, to get out of sight • *Mbadi baweereireyo.* Look, they are getting out of sight. (b) to sleep deeply, to be in a deep sleep • *Aweereireyo kubanga yakeerwe muno.* She slept deeply because she was too tired.

**weereera** *(oku)weereera* v.intr. *weerereire* to be used up, to diminish, to be wasted, to dwindle, to disappear

• *Osabbuuni aweerereire omu maizi.* The soap diminished when it was left in water.

**weerera** *(oku)weerera* v.tr. *weereire* to pay fees for • *Naani aweerera omwana oni?* Who pays school fee for this pupil?

**weereza** *(oku)weereza* v.intr./tr. *weereize* (a) to send, to deliver, to bring • *Muweereze onkoko wa Isabirye akutaka kumulya.* Send Isabirye's chicken, he wants to eat it. (b) to broadcast • *Akuweereza nyembo oku ladiyo.* He is broadcasting songs on the radio. (c) to serve (e.g. food or drinks) • *Naani amaite okuweereza ocaayi?* Who knows how to serve tea? (d) to minister, to act as a minister (of religion) • *Esabbiiti eni naani akuweereza?* Who will minister this Sunday?

**weerya** *(oku)weerya* v.ditr. *weirye, weire* to give, to offer • *Mpeerya ocaayi nywe.* Give me a cup of tea.

**weeryayo** *(oku)weeryayo* v.tr. *weiryeyo, weireyo* to give, to offer • *Abakurisitaayo tibataka kuweeryayo kimu kya ikumi omu kanisa.* Christians do not want to give tithe in church.

**weesa** *(oku)weesa* v.tr. *weesere* to forge, to fabricate out of iron by forging, to make from metal, to smelt iron • *Ebiro bini abantu badooli abaweesa.* These days there are few people who forge.

**weete** *(o)weete* n.1a type of banana (for roasting and frying) • *Weete kika kya matooke kye booca.* Weete is a type of banana which is usually roasted.

**weewe** interj. hello • *Weewe nkobera ebiri ewaanywe.* Hello, tell me what is happening in your area.

**weeweeta** *(oku)weeweeta* v.tr. *weeweetere* to whisper to • *Sembera ani nkuweeweetere.* Come close and I will whisper to you.

**weisya** *(oku)weisya* v.tr. *weiserye* to run out, to be in shortage of • *Mpeiserye empiiya eza kukolesya.* I have run out of money for upkeep.

**weizuka** *(oku)weizuka* v.intr. *weizukire* to pedal (a bicycle) swinging from side to side • *Akuweizuka ng'ali ku gaali.* He is pedalling a bicycle swinging from side to side.

**wejera** *(oku)wejera* v.intr. *wejereire* to pant, to be breathless, to breathe rapidly, to be out of breath • *Yairukire n'ayika ani nga okuwejera.* He ran up to here breathing rapidly.

**wemba** *(oku)wemba* v.tr. *wembere* to light, to ignite • *Yawembere omuuro omu nyumba ya mulebe.* He lighted a fire in someone's house.

**wemula** *(oku)wemula* v.tr. *wemwire* (a) to use profane language towards, to behave shamelessly towards, to shame, to disgrace • *Omutamiire atuwemwire.* The drunkard used a vulgar language amidst us. (b) to embarrass• *Otuwemwire okwibba omberege.* You have embarrassed us by stealing a pig.

**wenda** *(oku)wenda* v.tr. *wendere* to break, to demolish, to bend at the joint • *Wendamu ekisaale ekyo ebitundu bisatu.* Break that stick into three pieces.

**wendeka** [*Nyala*] <Lunyala> *(oku) wendeka* v.tr. *wendekere* to break, to demolish, to bend at the joint • *Omwana awendekere omukono nga akuzeenya.* The child broke her hand while playing.

**wendera** *(oku)wendera* v.tr. *wendeire* to prune • *Nkwaba kuwendera mwani gwange.* I am going to prune my coffee trees.

**wenjuka** *(oku)wenjuka* v.intr. *wenjukire* to come apart, to fall open, (of an article of clothing) to come open • *Etandaluwa ewenjukire.* The mosquito net got slightly open.

**wenjula** *(oku)wenjula* v.tr. *wenjwire* (e.g. of curtains) to draw open, to cause to come apart, to cause to come open, to take apart • *Naani awenjwire kateni zange?* Who has drawn open my curtain?

**wenku** (e.g. *muwenku, bawenku*) adj. obscene, vulgar • *Omusaiza ata muwenku tasaana kubba awali abaana.* That man is obscene, he should not sit with children.

**wenya** *(oku)wenya* v.tr. *wenyere* (a) to motion (with one's hand), to beckon • *Wenya aba ku lukalu baize batujune.* Beckon the people at the shore to come to our aid. (b) to mention, to refer to • *Wenyayo abategi nka basatu b'omaite.* Mention about three fishermen who you know.

**wenyuka** *(oku)wenyuka* v.intr. *wenyukire* to run very fast, to sprint, to dash, to bolt • *OSentalo awenyuka muno mu mpaka za mbiro.* Sentalo runs very fast during marathon competitions.

**wera** *(oku)wera* v.tr. *weere* to patch, to mend • *Wera omupiira gwa gaali yange.* Mend the tyre of my bicycle. **wereekeera** *(oku)wereekeera* v.intr. *wereekereire* to perish, to die, to lose one's life, to be ruined, to be destroyed • *Abantu baawereekereire omu nyanja.* The people perished in the lake.

**wereetere** *(o)wereetere* n.1a/10 type of bird which sends a signals that there is something dangerous around

**werenkeera** *(oku)werenkeera* v.intr. *werenkeire* to be worried, to worry, to be anxious, to be disturbed, to be troubled • *Omwoyo gukumperenkeera olwa mulwaire gwendi naye.* I am troubled because I have a patient.

**werenkeerya** *(oku)werenkeerya* v.tr. *werenkeerye* (a) to take afar, to send far away, to see off, to send off • *Ebi-* *susu ebyo biwerenkeerye alayi.* Take these peelings far away. (b) to talk to someone leaving • *Yamwerenkereirye ebigambo ng'akwaba.* She talked to him as he was leaving.

**weta** [see also *goda*] *(oku)weta* v.tr. *wetere* (a) to bend, to curve, to shape something • *Omukono gwewetera mu kisekeseke.* The arm bends at the wrist. (b) to negotiate (curves when driving), to take a corner • *Odereeva aweta kusai amakoona.* The driver negotiates curves well.

**wewaawo** [see also *nimwo*] adv. indeed, really, truly, in fact • *Wewaawo twayaba e Kampala.* Indeed, we will go to Kampala.

**wewe** interj. dear • *Wewe nka nkwendya muno.* My dear, I love you very much.

**weweera** *(oku)weweera* v.intr. *weweire* (a) (of weather) to be cool • *Obwire bwa kasweko butera okuweweera.* The evening time is often cool. (b) (of fibres, textile) to be moist, to be smooth, to be soft to touch • *Olubugo luweweire.* The barkcloth has become moist.

**wezuka** [see *weizuka*]

**wiiki** *(e)wiiki* n.9/10 <from En.> week • *Mbaire nkubulungutana okumala ewiiki ibiri emabega.* I have been unsettled for the last two weeks.

**wiisa** *(oku)wiisa* v.intr. *wiisire* to be senile • *Omukali oyo awiisire n'omwana waamwe takyamumanya.* The woman has become totally senile and cannot remember her child any longer.

**wiisya** *(oku)wiisya* v.intr. *wiisirye* to be senile • *Omukaire oyo awiisirye takyamanya baana baamu.* That old man is senile, he no longer remembers his own children.

**woda** *(oku)woda* v.tr. *wodere* to make faces at, to grimace at • *Abawagizi ba Musoke bawodere aba Musisi.* Musoke's supporters grimaced at those of Musisi.

**woigana** *(oku)woigana* v.intr. *woiganire* to shout, to cry out in alarm, to cry in distress • *Naani oyo akuwoigana ng'olukiiko lukwaba omu maiso?* Who is shouting when the meeting is still going on?

**woiro** [see *oyiro*]

**wola**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)wola* v.intr. *woore* (a) to cool, to cool down, to lose heat • *Oba ekyoto kiwoore, toolamu eikoke.* Remove the ash from the cooking place if it has cooled down. (b) to calm down, to quieten down

**wola**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)wola* v.tr. *woore* to give a loan, to lend (money) • *Omusaiza oyo atamuwola akwiza kubulya esente zaamu.* Do not give that man a loan, he will cheat you of your money.

**wolutaali** *(e)wolutaali* n.9/10 <from En.> church altar • *Ewolutaali eni bagikoore mu mbaawo.* The altar was made from timber.

**wolya** *(oku)wolya* v.tr. *wolerye* to mediate peace talks between, to arbitrate between • *Tokwendyayo omu-* *ntu eyawolya oNabukenya n'oNakabiri.* We need someone to arbitrate between Nabukenya and Nakabiri.

**wombeeki** (e.g. *muwombwwki, bawembeeki*) adj. calm, quiet • *OJane ata mwala muwombeeki.* Jane is a calm girl.

**wona** *(oku)wona wonere* (a) v.intr./tr. to survive, to overcome • *Abantu abamwe bawonere akabenje ka motoka.* Some people survived the car accident. (b) to heal • *Ekyoya ekikooto kikola enkozu egikooto nga kiwonere.* A big wound forms a big scar after healing.

**wonda** *(oku)wonda* v.tr. *wondere* to pound (e.g. groundnuts) • *Omuwulungutyo guwonda ebinyeebwa.* A pestle is used to pound groundnuts.

**wonga** *(oku)wonga* v.intr. *wongere* to offer a sacrifice • *Baabire kuwongeera ku lwazi.* They have gone to offer a sacrifice on the rock.

**wongera** *(oku)wongera* v.intr. *wongereire* to doze, to nap • *Omukwenda wa paalamenti akuwongera omu ngango.* The member of parliament is dozing during the meeting.

**woodi** *(e)woodi* n.9/10 <from En.> ward • *Omulwaire bamutaire omu woodi ya kasatu.* The patient has been put into the third ward.

**woofiisi** *(o)woofiisi* n.1a/10 <from En.> office • *Akoora mu woofiisi ki?* In which office does he work?

**wooga** *(oku)wooga* v.tr. *woogere* to process (sisal to get fibres) • *Tukwaba kuwooga bugoigoi.* We are going

to process the sisal to get fibres.

**wooka** *(oku)wooka* v.intr. *wookere* to be unruly, to be disobedient • *Omwala wa Tabaaro awookere.* Tabaaro's daughter has become unruly.

**woole** (e.g. *muwoole, bawoole*) adj. stubborn • *Tintaka mwana muwoole.* I don't want a stubborn child.

**woolera** *(oku)woolera* v.tr. *woleire* to prune (banana plants) • *Tukwaba kuwoolera bitooke.* We are going to prune the banana plants.

**wooma** *(oku)wooma* v.intr. *woomere* to taste good, to have a pleasant taste • *Obbongo wa Uganda awooma.* The yoghurt from Uganda is delicious.

**wooteeri** *(o)wooteeri* n.1a/10 <from En.> hotel • *Twasuure mu wooteeri Lunar.* We slept in Lunah Hotel.

**woowa** *(oku)woowa* v.tr. *woowere* <from Swahili> (of Muslim men) to marry • *Omusiraamu ayabire kuwoowa mukali.* A Muslim man has gone to marry a woman.

**woowoola** *(oku)woowoola* v.intr. *woowoire* to howl, to wail• *Naani oyo akuwoowoolera omu naku?* Who is that howling in agony?

**wooza** *(oku)wooza* v.tr. *woozere* to collect (taxes), to charge, to levy (taxes, tariffs, dues) • *Omuwooza awooza empooza.* A tax collector collects tax.

**wu** (e.g. *guwu, kiwu*) adj. (a) light, not heavy • *Omugugu guni guwu.* This luggage is light. (b) (of a person) easy, flexible, approachable • *Otaata*

*oyo muwu eri abaana bwamwe.* That father is approachable to his children. (c) (of a person) quick, fast, efficient • *ONampiina muwu, n'omutuma alabukaku.* Nampiina is quick. When you send her, she hurries.

**wudunkwa** *(oku)wudunkwa* v.tr. *wudunkurwe* to be envious of, to be jealous of • *Abantu bawudunkwa olwa bairaabwe.* People are envious of their friends.

**wuguka** *(oku)wuguka* v.intr. *wugukire* to swerve, to deviate, to diverge, to turn away • *Omupiira gupuulinkire motoka n'ewuguka.* The tire burst and the car swerved.

**wugulala** *(oku)wugulala* v.intr. *wugulaire* to be absent minded, to be stupefied, to be stupid

**wugulali** (e.g. *muwugulali, kiwugulali, bawugulali*) adj. absent-minded **wuju** *(o)wuju* n.1a/10 giant granadilla (*Passiflora quadrangularis*) • *Owuju aisana nk'obutundwa.* The giant granadilla fruit resembles a passion fruit.

**wuliirya** *(oku)wuliirya* v.tr. *wuliriirye* to listen to • *Simoola nkukuwuliirya.* Speak, I am listening to you.

**wulize** (e.g. *muwulize, bawulize*) adj. obedient • *Omwana oyo ata muwulize.* That child is obedient.

**wulubala** *(oku)wulubala* v.intr. *wulubaire* to swell (due to an injury or illness, often of the head, neck, face) • *Weena owulubaire nka gwe bakubbire emiigo.* You are swollen as if you were beaten severely.

**wuluka** *(oku)wuluka* v.intr. *wulukire* (a) to get out, to go outside • *Wuluka omu kisiika.* Get out of the room. (b) (of the sun) to rise • *Naiza nga eisana likuwuluka.* I will come during sunrise. (c) to go abroad (d) to defecate, to have a running stomach, to pass stool, to poop • *Omwana awulukire omu isuuka.* The child had defecated on the bed sheet.

**wulumuka** *(oku)wulumuka* v.intr. *wulumukire* (a) to become unfastened, to become untied, to loosen • *Baabbwere ekirumbu kya nyama ne kiwulumuka ne kigwa ansi.* The fastened meat thigh became unfastened and fell. (b) to put on weight, to gain weight • *Nk'owulumukire bundi mwojo!* You have put on weight, my dear! (c) to move (in large numbers), to move (at a great speed) • *Enkanafu zaawulumukire obwire.* Safari ants moved in a column at night.

**wulunga** *(oku)wulunga* v.tr. *wulungire* to encircle, to surround, to form a ring around, to cause to go around, to turn around • *Wulunga esaako ku maapu ya Uganda.* Draw a circle around the map of Uganda.

**wulungutya** *(oku)wulungutya* v.tr. *wulungutirye* to pound (e.g. groundnuts, maize), to grind, to crash into small pieces • *Tukwaba kuwulungutya maido.* We are going to pound groundnuts.

**wulutula** *(oku)wulutula* v.tr. *wulutwire* to unknot, to unthread, to untangle, to unravel • *Wulutula omugu-* *wa gwa mbuli.* Unknot the rope tying the goat.

**wuluuluu** ideo. sound made by someone raising the alarm • *Wuluuluu mwize munjune!* Wuluuluu, come and help me!

**wuma** *(oku)wuma* v.tr. *wumire* to throw • *Naani awumire eibbale omu nyumba?* Who has thrown a stone into the house?

**wumba** *(oku)wumba* v.intr. *wumbire* to be worm-eaten, to bored by insects • *Oibbo wa maama awumbire.* My mother's cowpea powder has been eaten by worms.

**wumuka** [see also *sumuka and fumuka*] *(oku)wumuka* v.intr. *wumukire* to get a hole, to be pierced, to be bored • *Ekinaga kya mere kiwumukire.* The cooking pot got a hole.

**wumula**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)wumula* v.intr. *wumwire* (a) to rest, to pass time • *Ka nyabeku omu tawuni mpumulemu.* Let me go to town for a while and pass time there. (b) to breathe • *Omwana akuwumula kubbi.* The child is breathing badly. (c) to retire from • *Omwawule wa Ibbaale awumwire emirimu.* The reverend of Bbaale parish has retired from active service. (d) (of a dead person) to lie buried

**wumula**<sup>2</sup> [see also *sumuka*]*(oku)wumula* v.tr. *wumwire* to put a hole in, to pierce, to perforate • *Omwana awumwire olugoye lw'oma waamwe.* The child has put holes in his mother's cloth.

**wumulya** *(oku)wumulya* v.tr. *wumuirye* (a) to cause to rest, to refresh, to give repose to (b) to unload temporarily (a luggage from the shoulders or head) • *Wumulyaku awo omugugu gwamu.* Temporarily unload your luggage.

**wunaamiira** *(oku)wunaamiira* v.intr. *wunaamiriire* to be astounded, to be shocked, to be astonished • *N'owuura amaano nk'ago owunaamiira.* When you hear such an abomination, you are astounded.

**wunguka** *(oku)wunguka* v.intr. *wungukire* to take a nap, to sleep for a short period of time • *Abbasirye n'awunguka.* He lay napping.

**wunya** *(oku)wunya* v.intr. *wunyire* to stink, to smell badly • *Orufa mumukinge atawunya.* Treat the corpse so that it does not smell.

**wunyiira** *(oku)wunyiira* v.intr. *wunyiirye* to stink, to reek • *Kiki ekikumpunyiira ani?* What is stinking here?

**wuruza** *(oku)wuruza* v.tr. *wuruzire* to move (an animal on a rope to another pasture) • *Yaba owuruze onte odi.* Go and move that cow to another pasture.

**wuu** interj. impolite way of responding to a call • *ONabweze bamwetere n'ayetebuka "wuu"!* Nabweze was called and she responded with "Wuu!"

**wuukalisitiya** *(o)wuukalisitiya* n.1a/10 <from En.> Holy Communion, Eucharist • *Tukwaba kufuna*

*wuukalisitiya.* We are going to receive Holy Communion.

**wuukuuka** *(oku)wuukuuka* v.intr. *wuukuukire* to be greedy • *Omwana waamu omuweerya emere gingi, aiza kuwuukuuka.* You give a lot of food to your child, he will become greedy. **wuukuula** *(oku)wuukuula* v.tr. *wuukwire* to scoop out, to excavate, to dig up • *Tukwaba kuwuukuula binyenze.* We are going to dig up crickets. **wuula** *(oku)wuula* v.tr. *wuulire* to thrash, to beat (as with a flail), to beat hard • *Wuula obwita ng'obwire bukyali.* Thrash the millet when it is still early.

**wuumula** [see *wumula*]

**wuuna** *(oku)wuuna* v.intr. *wuunire* to keep quiet, to be mute, to keep peace • *Yawuunire omu lukiiko lwona.* He kept quiet throughout the meeting.

**wuura** *(oku)wuura* v.tr. *wuliire* (a) to hear • *Nkuwuura abaana bakwemba.* I hear the children singing. (b) to listen (esp. to an advice) • *OKajura afuukire ikuuku takyawuura.* Kajura has become very dangerous because he no longer listens. (c) to understand (d) to sense, to feel, to perceive • *Nkuwuura emikono gikunfuuwiira.* I feel that my hands are tiring out.

**wuutuuka** *(oku)wuutuuka* v.intr. *wuutuukire* to walk hurriedly • *Musaizaki oyo akuwuutuuka akwaba ayi?* Who is that man walking hurriedly? Where is he going?

**wuuwa** *(oku)wuuwa* v.tr. *wuuwire* to cover (food) with small strips of banana leaf • *Omukali eyabbwere emere, teyagiwuuwire.* A woman who wrapped the food did not cover it with small strips of banana leaf. **wuuwi** interj. cry of pain, grief or terror • *Wuuwi… Nfiire nje.* Please! I am dying.

# **Y**

**ya**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)ya* v.intr. *yiire* (a) to be burnt • *Enyumba ya Byampora eyiire, tasigairye kantu koona.* Byampora's house got burnt up. He was left with nothing. (b) to boil • *Amazi gayiire.* The water has boiled. (c) (of food) to be ready • *Emere eyiire.* The food is ready. (d) to be exhausted • *Wumulamu okwiza kuya muno.* Rest please, you will get exhausted. (e) to be about to give birth • *Omukali wa Mbangire ayiire, akwaba kubyala.* Mbangire's wife is about to give birth. (f) to engage in (e.g. a shady deal) • *OYakaana akuya abaira baamwe.* John falsely engages his friends in shady deals.

**ya**<sup>2</sup> (e.g. *muya, kaya*) adj. new • *OSembatya yaguure akarundirundi akaya.* Sembatya bought a new bicycle peddle-rod.

## **yaabwe** [see *abwe*]

**yaajwa** (e.g. *kiyaaja, muyaaja, ziyaaja*) adj. half-dry (e.g. fish, wood, cof**wuzi** *(e)wuzi* n.9/10 thread • *Nkutungisya wuzi za kaki.* I am sewing using khaki threads.

**wuzu** *(e)wuzu* n.9/10 wudu (ablution before prayer in Islam) • *Omusiraamu afuna ewuzu nga akyali kutandika kuramya.* A Moslem performs ablution before prayers.

fee), • *Tota mwani ziyaajwa mu nsawo.* Don't put half-dry coffee into bags.

**yaaka** (e.g. *muyaaka, giyaaka*) adj. new • *Omusomesya yaguure atalaasi giyaaka.* The teacher bought a new atlas.

**yaamu** [see *amu*]

**yaange** [see *ange*] [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**yaanywe** [see *nywe*]

**yaasiyaasi** *(o)yaasiyaasi* n.1a tension, anxiety, pressure, worry • *Tuli ku yaasiyaasi wa kwiryayo abaana ku masomero.* We are anxious of sending children to school.

**Yaawe** *(o)Yaawe* n.1a Yahweh • *OYaawe niye Kanca.* Yahweh is God. **yaaya** *(o)yaaya* n.1a babysitter, nanny • *ONandira yaaya wa baana ba John.* Nandira is John's babysitter.

**yaaye** interj. cry of pain, grief or terror, cry for help • *Yaaye! Bakunyita!* Help! I am dying!

**yaayuka** *(oku)yaayuka* v.intr. *yaayukire* to become a rogue, to become a villain • *Omwojo wa Byampora ayaayukire.* Byampora's boy has become a rogue.

**yamba** *(oku)yamba* v.tr. *yambire* to help, to assist, to lend a hand to • *Amalusu gabbaamu ekirungo ekiyamba okusya emere.* The saliva contains enzymes which help to digest food.

**yana** *(oku)yana* v.tr. *yanire* to blame **yange** [see *-ange*]

**yazirwaineku** *(e)yazirwaineku* n.1a/2 war veteran • *Eyazirwaineku omu Luweero afiire tafunire kasiimo.* The Luweero war veteran has passed on before being paid his gratuity.

**ye** pro. he/she (class 1 independent pronoun) • *Omusamaliya omusai ye muntu ajuna abandi.* A good Samaritan is a person who helps others.

**yeekaalu** *(e)yeekaalu* n.9/10 temple, church • *Tukwaba mu yeekaalu kuramya.* We are going to the temple to pray.

**yeena** [see *ena*] pro. also she/he, she/he too, he/she as well • *Yeena ali mu Kampala.* She is also in Kampala. **Yerusaalemi** *(e)Yerusaalemi* n.9 Jerusalem • *OYesu yakuliire Yerusaalemi.* Jesus grew up in Jerusalem.

**Yesu** *(o)Yesu* n.1a Jesus • *OYesu mwana wa Kanca.* Jesus is a son of God. **yete** conj. how about • *Yete oyo abbaire ki?* How about that one, what is happening to him?

**yii** interj. expression of surprise •

*Yii. Obwairai timaite.* My goodness, I didn't know.

**yiiya** *(oku)yiiya* v.tr. *yiiyire* to innovate, to come up with a new idea • *Abeebembezi bali okuyiiya amazira agazwamu empiiya.* Leaders should come up with new ways of making money.

**yikweta** *(e)yikweta* n.5 <from En.> equator • *Eyikweta eyakaara mu tawuni ya Kayabwe.* The equator passes through Kayabwe town in Uganda.

**yimbagatanya** *(okuyimbagatanya* v.tr. *yimbagatanirye* to multitask, to do two or more things at once, to carry many different things at one ago • *Toyimbagatanya mirimu gingi, gikwaba kukulemeera.* Don't try to do many things at once, you won't manage.

**yimbe** *(e)yimbe* n.5/6 African civet cat • *Omawange yeizira yimbe.* My mother belongs to the African civet cat clan.

**yimbooka** *(oku)yimbooka* v.intr. *yimbookere* (a) to germinate, to sprout, to start growing • *Obusigo buyimbookere.* The seeds have germinated. (b) to regain consciousness • *OByalumbe akabireku, n'ayimbooka.* Byalumbe had fainted, but now he has regained consciousness. (c) to rise from the dead, to be resurrected • *OYesu yayimbookere okuzwa omu bafu.* Jesus rose from the dead.

**yimboola** *(oku)yimboola* v.tr. *yimboire* to raise from the dead, to resurrect, to bring back to life • *OYesu yayimboire abafu.* Jesus resurrected the dead.

**yimbya** *(oku)yimbya* v.tr. *yimbirye* (a) to add, to mix • *Yimbya amaizi n'obusye leke okole omwenge.* Mix water with millet flour to make beer. (b) to join • *Weyimbye oku bairaamu.* Join your friends. (c) to bring together, to gather • *Okuramya kwa Sande kuyimbya abantu baingi.* Sunday prayers bring together many people. (d) to mediate for peace • *Yaba oyimbye abantu abakwaratana.* Go and mediate between those people who are in conflict.

**yimbyangatana** *(oku)yimbyangatana* v.tr. *yimbyangataine* to carry many different things at once • *Ayimbyangataine na bingi.* She has carried all sorts of things at once.

**yimpawala** *(oku)yimpawala* v.intr. *yimpawaire* to become shorter• *Nkubona otandikire okuyimpawala.* I can see you have started becoming shorter.

**yinci** *(e)yinci* n.9/10 <from En.> inch • *Akabunguura ako kaliku eyinci ibiri.* That caterpillar is two inches long.

**yinda** *(oku)yinda* v.intr. *yindire* (of water) to rumble • *Nga oikendi yakakya amaizi gayinda muno.* When it stops raining, water rumbles a lot.

**yindikwa** *(oku)yindikwa* v.intr. *yindikurwe* to be in labour • *Omukali oyo ayindukurwe.* That woman is in labour.

**yindukirangana** *(oku)yindukiranga-*

*na* v.intr. *yindukirangaine* (of two parties) to resume a negotiation or a quarrel • *ONabigambo n'oWanenge bayindukirangaine olwa mwana.* Nabigambo and Wanenge have resumed the quarrel over the child. **yindula** [see *indula*]

**yinga** *(oku)yinga* v.intr. *yingire* (a) to be better, to be above others • *Omukali oni ayingire oku bandi.* This woman is better than others. (b) to exceed, to surpass, to be too much (c) (of a situation) to be unbearable to • *Embeera enyingire.* The situation is unbearable to me.

**yingayinganwa** *(oku)yingayinganwa* v.intr. *yingayingainwe* (of an unborn baby) not to be well positioned • *Omwana wa muka Mubiru akuyingayinganwa enda yakuzwamu.* The foetus of Mrs. Mubiru is not in a normal position, she is likely to abort.

**yingini** *(e)yingini* n.9/10 <from En.> engine • *Eyingini ya motoka yange esiisikaire.* My engine has broken down.

**yinginiya** *(o)yinginiya* n.1a/2 <from En.> engineer• *Oyinginiya wa disitulikiti talina bukugu bukumala.* The district engineer is a novice.

**yingula** *(oku)yingula* v.tr. *yingwire, yinguliire* to cut (meat) • *Omutemi wa nyama anyinguliire muniki gwereere.* The butcher cut for me only lean meat.

**yinsuwa** *(e)yinsuwa* n.9/10 <from En.> insurance • *Enyumba yange ka* *ngite omu yinsuwa.* Let me put my house in insurance.

**yintaviyu** *(e)yintaviyu* n.9/10 <from En.> interview • *Baabire Nairobi kukola yintaviyu ya busomesa.* They have gone to Nairobi to be interviewed for a teaching job.

**yinza** *(oku)yinza* v.tr. *(none)* can, may • *Mwala we oyinza okudiba olwa ngeso ezibbi!* You may fail to get a man to marry you because of your bad manners!

**yiriiki** (e.g. *muyiriiki, bayiriiki*) adj. quarrelsome • *Omusaiza omuyiriiki asweire omukali omusiriki.* A quarrelsome man has married a humble woman.

**yirizi** *(e)yirizi* n.9/10 amulet, charm

• *Omwibbi abbaire n'eyirizi omu nkende.* The thief had an amulet on the waist.

**yo**<sup>1</sup> *(e)yo* adv. there • *Bali eyo bakuzeenya.* They are there playing.

**yo**<sup>2</sup> pro. it (class 9 independent pronoun)

**yo**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *gayo, guyo, giyo*) adj. hot • *Amatai gayo.* The milk is hot.

**yobyo** *(o)yobyo* n.1a/10 spider weed (*Cleome gynandra*, its leaves and shoots are eaten boiled or in sauces)

• *Tinaalye kaita lwaleero okwica nga oyobyo ayiire.* I won't eat millet until the spider weed sauce is ready.

**yogati** *(o)yogati* n.1a <from En.> yoghurt • *Mpeeryaku oyogati ndyeku.* Give me some yoghurt so that I eat a bit of it.

**yoitoka** *(oku)yoitoka* v.tr. *yoitokere*

to struggle with something • *Bakuyoitoka gwa bwibbi.* They are struggling with a case of theft.

**yoko** *(o)yoko* n.1a endod (*Phytolacca dodecandra*) • *Oyoko atamba endwaire zingi. Phytolacca dodecandra* cures many diseases.

**yongera** *(okw)yongera* v.intr. *yongeire* to go ahead, to continue, to proceed • *Yongera okukola emirumo gyamu.* Go ahead and do your work. **yonja** *(oku)yonja* v.tr. *yonjerye* to clean, to make clean • *Yonja ekompyuta yaamu.* Clean your computer.

**yonjo** (e.g. *muyonjo, bayonjo, kiyonjo*) adj. clean, neat, smart • *Emeeza eni giyonjo.* This table is clean.

**yooka** *(oku)yooka* v.intr. *yookere* (of eyes) to redden • *Ateire okalali omu maiso ati gayookere.* He has put red pepper in the eyes and now they have turned read.

**yooki** (e.g. *gayooki, luyooki, miyooki*) adj. reddish • *Amaiso gaamwe gayooki.* His eyes are reddish.

**yoola** *(oku)yoola* v.tr. *yoire* (a) to collect, to pick, to fetch, to pick up • *Yoola kasasiro oyo.* You collect that garbage. (b) to catch, to arrest • *Bamuyoire ni bamutwala ku poliisi.* They arrested him and took him to the police. (c) to fall into (a net), to get trapped in • *Ekisolo kiyoire ekitimba kyange.* The animal has fallen into my net.

**yoona** [see *ona*]

**yootana** *(oku)yootana* v.intr. *yoo-*

*taine* to struggle, to have difficulty coping • *Abaguuda bayootana muno.* The rich struggle a lot.

**yorooka** *(oku)yorooka* v.tr. *yorookere* to detect movement (within the surroundings) • *Muwuliire ekikuyorooka enzai?* Have you heard something moving about outside?

**yoyoota** *(oku)yoyoota* v.tr. *yoyootere* to perfect, to beautify, to put in good condition • *Omusibi w'abagole niye ayoyoota eisoke lya bagole.* The bridal dresser is the one who treats the brides' hair.

**yoyotanya** *(oku)yoyotanya* v.tr. *yoyotanirye* to struggle to cool (food or drink) in the mouth • *Aliire emere egiyo atuuni akugiyoyotanyambe.* He has eaten hot food and he is now struggling to cool it in the mouth.

**yuga** *(oku)yuga* v.tr. *yugire* to stir, to mingle (e.g. millet), to mix, to mash • *Akuyugire obusera kusai muno.* She stirred the millet porridge very well.

**yunga** *(oku)yunga* v.tr. *yungire* (a) to join, to connect, to splice (a rope) • *Naani ayinza okuyunga omuguwa gwange ogwatiikire.* Who can splice my torn rope? (b) to unify, to bring together, to unite • *Omwoyo gwa iyanga guyunga abantu.* Patriotism can unify people. (c) to set (a fractured bone) • *Eigumba ni lyendeka, omuyungi aliyunga.* When a bone fractures an orthopaedic surgeon puts it together.

**yunguuka** *(oku)yunguuka* v.tr. *yu-*

*nguukire* to taste impurities in a drink or unready food (esp. maize paste) • *Noolya akawunga akatayiire kusai oyunguuka nka enkanja omu munwa.* When you eat half-cooked posho, you feel the taste of impurities in the mouth.

**yunguula** *(oku)yunguula* v.tr. *yungwire* to sieve away husks• *Omukali ayungwire ebisusu by'amaido.* The woman has sieved away groundnut pods.

**yunguura** *(oku)yunguura* v.tr. *yungwire* to separate, to isolate, to analyse • *Yunguura amaido okuzwa omu biyimba.* Separate the groundnuts from the beans.

**yunifoomu** *(e)yunifoomu* n.9/10 <from En.> uniform • *Abeegi ba isomero eryo bazwala eyunifoomu gitukuliki.* Pupils of that school wear a red uniform.

**yunivaasite** *(e)Yunivaasite* n.9/10 <from En.> university • *Omwana wange aingiire eyunivaasite.* My child has joined the university.

**yunja** *(oku)yunja* v.tr. *yunjire* to harvest (esp. banana), to cut down, to cut • *Yaba oyunje amatooke gaamu.* Go and harvest your bananas.

**yuuga** *(oku)yuuga* v.intr. *yuugire* to be unstable, to sway, to tremor, to move about, to shake • *Omusaale guni gukuyuuga muno lwa mpungo.* This tree is shaking a lot because of the strong.

**yuugana** *(oku)yuugana* v.intr. *yuugaine, yuuganire* to be unstable, to

sway, to tremor, to move about, to shake • *Amaka ga Musisi gakuyuugana.* Musisi's family is unstable.

**yuuguuma** *(oku)yuuguuma* v.intr. *yuuguumire* to tremor, to shake • *Omutenga n'ayakala ensi eyuuguuma.* When there is an earthquake, the earth tremors.

**yuuja** [see also *zongooza*]*(oku)yuuja* v.tr. *yuujire* (a) to shake gently • *Akuyuuja amatai.* He is gently shaking

milk to make ghee. (b) to do a gentle massage of unborn baby • *ONamusoke ayaba owa mulerwa okumuyuuja.* Namusoke visits the midwife to have her pregnancy massaged.

**yuuya** *(e)yuuya* n.9/10 *Acalypha bipartita* (type of plant) • *Tusumbire oku mukubi gwa yuuya.* Cook for us some *Acalypha bipartita* for the sauce.

# **Z**

**zaabu** *(o)zaabu* n.1a <from Ar. via Sw.> gold • *Omu zaabu tukolamu ebya muwendo.* They make precious products from gold.

**zaabwe** [see *abwe*]

**zaagiira** *(oku)zaagiira* v.tr. *zaagiire* to gather in one place, to assemble • *Enzogi zizaagiire adi.* The elephants have gathered there.

**zaala** *(o)zaala* n.1a gambling • *Abaana baamu mbakaireku adi nga bakuzeenya zaala.* I passed by your children gambling.

**zaamu** [see *amu*]

**zaamwe(i)** [see *amwe*<sup>1</sup> ]

**zaanywe** [see *nywe*]

**zaawa** [see *zyawa*] *(oku)zaawa* v.intr. *zaawire* (a) to perish, to die, to lose one's life • *OMagezi yazaawiire kakyarumwe.* Magezi perished completely. (b) to go into exile • *OKiremye ni baali bakumutoolya omu*

*lutalo okumwita n'airuka, n'azaawa.* When Kiremye was being looked for to be killed during the war, he went into exile.

**zaawiya** *(e)zaawiya* n.9/10 Zawiya (Islamic religious school) • *Abasiraamu bakumbaniire omu zaawiya.* Muslims have gathered at the Zawiya.

**zaawuka** *(oku)zaawuka* v.intr. *zaawukire* to return from exile • *Omusaiza eyaali abuure azaawukire.* The man who had disappeared, has returned from exile.

**zabbuli** *(e)zabbuli* n.9/10 psalm • *Ekitabo kya zabbuli kiri mu Bbaibbuli.* The book of psalms is found in the Bible.

**zagaamiira** *(oku)zagaamiira* v.intr. *zagamiriire* to slobber, to dribble at the mouth (particularly during sleep), to get foaming at the mouth

• *Abbasirye n'azagaamiira.* He slept and got foaming at his mouth.

**zagazira** *(oku)zagazira* v.intr. *zagaziire* to show excessive appetite, to manifest polyphagia, to be greedy • *Akuzagazira nga abwoine oku nyama.* He is showing excessive appetite for meat.

**zaiswe** [see *aiswe*]

**zaka** *(e)zaka* n.9/10 <from Ar.> zakat (a form of alms-giving in Islam) • *Zaka niyo nyomyo ya kasatu eya busiraamu.* Zakat is the third pillar in Islam.

**zange** [see *-ange*]

**zazika** *(oku)zazika* v.tr. *zazikire* to lay (a baby) to sleep • *Zazika omwana omu kitabu kyange.* Lay the baby in my bed.

**zebezya** *(oku)zebezya* v.tr. *zebezerye* to loosen • *Zebezya omuguwa ogwo.* Loosen that rope.

**zeenya** *(oku)zeenya* v.tr. *zeenyere* (a) to play (a game), to take part in (a sport) • *Abaana baamu mbakaireku adi nga bakuzeenya zaala.* I met your children gambling. (b) to play (e.g. with a doll) • *Abaala bakuzeenya n'edole waabwe.* The girls are playing with their dolls. (c) to play (in a theatre), to perform

**zeenyeera** *(oku)zeenyeera* v.intr. *zeenyereire* to be playful • *Omwana oyo azeenyeera omu kibiina.* The child is playful in class.

**zeera** *(o)zeera* n.1a type of spirit (claimed to be the god responsible for jubilation) • *OZeera niye omwe* *ku mbandwa za Baruuli na Banyala.* Zeera is one of the gods of the Baruuli and Banyala.

**zeeya** *(oku)zeeya* v.intr. *zeeyere* to float, to drift, to glide • *Omupiira guzeeya ku maizi.* A ball floats on water.

**zeiza** *(o)zeiza* n.1a/2 (a) grandparent • *Ozeiza wange wa myaka kinaanai.* My grandparent is eighty years old. (b) ancestor • *Abazeiza ba Banyala babbanga Galiraaya.* The ancestors of the Banyala were from Galiraaya. **zi-** pf. subject and object agreement prefix of class 10 on verbs

**zibbungu** *(o)zibbungu* n.1a/2 toothless person • *Omusaiza odi zibbungu.* That old man is toothless.

**zibikira** *(oku)zibikira* v.tr. *zibikiire* (a) to fill (a hole or cavity), to close, to block • *Zibikira ekituli ekyo n'opamba.* Fill that hole with cotton wool. (b) (of a hole) to be filled, to closed, to blocked • *Ekituli kizibikiire.* The hole is blocked.

**zibu** (e.g. *kizibu, muzibu, bazibu*) adj. (a) difficult, hard • *Omulumu guni guzibu.* This work is difficult. (b) deadly (e.g. a decease)

**zibuwala** *(oku)zibuwala* v.intr. *zibuwaire* (of a person) to be difficult, to be unapproachable • *Omuntu odi yazibuwaire, buli kye mmubuulya taanyiramu.* That person is unapproachable, he does not answer to me when I ask him.

**zidi** [see *di*]

**ziga**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)ziga* v.intr. *zigire* (a) to turn dark, to darken, to blacken • *ONalumu takyanaaba omubiri gwamwe guzigire.* Nalumu no longer bathes, her body has turned dark. (b) to wear makeup, to apply cosmetics • *Omwala azigire amaiso kusai.* The girl has worn a nice makeup. (c) **ziga (o)busyo** (of a face) to get wrinkles • *Omwojo azigire obusyo.* The boy's face got wrinkles.

**ziga**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)ziga* v.tr. *zigire* to trail (an animal), to track, to hunt down, to scout out • *OKapimpini niye azigire ekisolo.* Kapimpini is the one who trailed the animal.

**ziga**<sup>3</sup> (e.g. *muziga, baziba, kiziga*) adj. brave • *OBintubizibu musaiza muziga.* Bintubizibu is a brave man. **zigati** *(o)zigati* n.1a/10 yard, compound • *Ombuli bamubwere omu zigati.* They tied the goat in the yard. **zigizigi** ideo. pitch-dark, pitch-black • *Endikiirya ekwaite zigizigi.* It is pitch-dark.

**zigoda** *(e)zigoda* n.9/10 hard-toreach place, isolated place, remote area • *Enyonyi yagwire omu zigoda.* The plane fell in a hard-to-reach place.

**ziika** *(oku)ziika* v.tr. *ziikire* to bury, to lay to rest, to inter• *Baabire okuziika mwana wa Kato.* They have gone to bury Kato's child.

**ziiniinyo** (e.g. *kaziiniinyo*) adj. tiny • *Yamuwaire akasaale kaziiniinyo.* He gave him a tiny stick.

**ziira** *(oku)ziira* v.intr. *ziire* to breathe with difficulty • *Omulwaire* *atandikire okuziira.* The patient has started to breathe with difficulty.

**ziiza** *(o)ziiza* n.1a/2 ancestor, grandparent • *Abaziiza ba Buganda abamwei babaziika mu masiro e Kasubi.* Some of Buganda's ancestors are buried at Kasubi tombs.

**zika** *(oku)zika* v.intr. *zikire* to run wild, be overgrown, become full of weeds • *Aleka omusiri gwamwe ni guzika abba muzica.* The one who leaves his garden to be bushy is called a lazy person.

**zikirira** *(oku)zikirira* v.intr. *zikiriire* to perish, to die out, to disappear, to be ruined • *Enyumba ya Kiiza ezirikirire omu kabenje.* Kiiza's family has perished in an accident.

**zikya** *(oku)zikya* v.tr. *zikirye* (a) to destroy, to kill • *Obulwaire mongoota buzikya ebisolo.* Trypanosomiasis kills animals. (b) to finish up • *Yazikirye olugo lwa nte zaamwe.* He finished up all his herd of cattle. (c) to neglect • *Lwaki wazikirye omusiri gwamu?* Why did you neglect your garden?

**zimba** *(oku)zimba* v.intr. *zimbire* to swell • *Omubiri guzimbire akuboneka mulwaire.* The body has swollen, he might be sick.

**zimbagatana** *(oku)zimbagatana* v.tr. *zimbagataine, zimbagatanire* to have a body part swallen • *Azimbagataine ekida lwa bulwaire.* His stomach has swollen due to sickness.

**zimbuka** *(oku)zimbuka* v.intr. *zimbukire* (a) (of dough) to be leav-

ened, to ferment, to rise (b) **zimbuka (o)mwoyo** to feel encouraged, to feel happy • *Nazimbulukire omwoyo ni nawuliire ng'omulwaire bamusiibwire.* I felt encouraged when I heard that the patient had been discharged from the hospital.

**zinda** *(oku)zinda* v.tr. *zindire* (a) to round up • *Abasirikale bazindire abantu.* The soldiers have rounded up the people. (b) to put under siege • *Enyumba ya Sali bagizindire.* Sali's house is under siege. (c) (of an epidemic) to break out in, to attack, to invade • *Okawumpuli azindire ekyalo kyaiswe.* The plague has broken out in our village. (d) to hang, to kill by hanging • *Abaibbi bazindire omukali.* The thieves hanged the woman. (e) to strangle • *Baamuzindire n'afa.* They strangled him to death. (f) to massacre • *Abayekera bazindire abantu baingi omu kibuga.* The rebels massacred many people in the city.

**zindaala** *(oku)zindaala* v.intr. *zindaire* to have a hoarse voice, to be hoarse • *Amamiro gaamwe gazindaire.* He has a hoarse voice.

**zinduka** *(oku)zinduka* v.intr. *zindukire* to wake up early • *Zinduka mambyamambya omu kabbwibbwi oyabe omu irwaro.* Wake up very early at dawn and go hospital.

**zinduukiirya** *(oku)zinduukiirya* v.tr. *zinduukiriirye* to ambush, to attack by surprise, to surprise • *Baamuzinduukiriirye ng'akyali kwaba.* They ambushed him early in the morning

before he left.

**zinga** *(oku)zinga* v.tr. *zingire* to roll up (e.g. a map, to carpet), to wrap up, to fold • *Zingaku omukeeka ogwo.* You roll up that mat.

**zingama** [see also *nzingo*] *(oku)zingama* v.intr. *zingamire, zingaime* (of a child) to have intellectual disabilities • *Omwana oyo yazingaime okuzwa omu buto.* That child has cognitive disabilities since childhood.

**zingiramu** *(oku)zingiramu* v.tr. *zingiremu* to include • *Azingiremu ensonga zingi mu rubazo lwamwe.* He has included many reasons in his speech.

**zingiza** *(oku)zingiza* v.tr. *zingizire, zingiize* to surround, to besiege • *Agaibbi baagazingiize, ne bagakwata.* The thieves were surrounded and arrested.

**zingulula** *(oku)zingulula* v.tr. *zingulwire* to unroll, to uncoil • *Sebo, iza ozingulule olukosi.* Sir, come and unroll the thread.

**zini** [see *ni*]

**zipu** *(e)zipu* n.9/10 <from En.> zip • *Bbwa ezipu abaana bakukusekeera.* Zip up please the kids are laughing at you.

**zira** *(oku)zira* v.tr. *ziire* (a) to refuse to do • *Ekyo kyonkobere nzira kukiiramu.* I have refused to do what you have told me. (b) to reject (e.g. food), to turn down, to decline • *Lwaki oziire emere?* Why have you rejected food? (c) (of a bride) to refuse to

eat during honeymoon (According to the tradition the bride refuses to eat till the in-laws give her money.) • *Omugole aziire emere.* The bride refused to eat.

**ziribaga** *(oku)ziribaga* v.tr. *ziribagire* to clean (a dead body), to embalm • *Omufu bakumuziribaga.* They are cleaning the dead body.

**ziriirwa** *(oku)ziriirwa* v.tr. *ziriirwe* to not hatch, to not incubate (an egg) • *Onkoko oyo aziriirwa muno amawu-*

*li.* That hen does not often hatch eggs.

**zirika** [see also *kaba*] *(oku)zirika* v.intr. *zirikire* to lose consciousness, to pass out • *Omwibbi bamukubbire n'azirika.* They beat a thief and he lost his consciousness.

**ziringiirya** *(oku)ziringiirya* v.tr. *ziringiriirye* (a) to roll around, to encircle, to coil around • *Ziringiirya omuguwa oku mpagi.* Roll the rope around the mast. (b) to wrap up • *Ekirabo ekyo kiziringiiryeku ekipapula.* Wrap up that gift.

**ziringiiti** *(e)ziringiiti* n.9/10 blanket • *Leeta eziringiiti eyo osweke omwana.* Bring that blanket and cover the child.

**ziringitana** *(oku)ziringitana* v.intr. *ziringitaine* to toil, to drudge, to work ineffectively, to laborious (e.g. of a job of work) • *Omukali oni aziringitana omu buli mulimu gwa akola.* This woman toils in whatever she does.

**ziringuka** *(oku)ziringuka* v.intr. *zi-*

*ringukire* to unroll itself, to uncoil itself • *Ekigoigwe kiziringukire.* The sisal bundle has uncoiled.

**ziringula** *(oku)ziringula* v.tr. *ziringulwire* to unroll, to uncoil, to cause to straighten from a coiled position • *Omusaiza akuziringula ewaya.* The man is uncoiling the wire.

**ziyiza** *(oku)ziyiza* v.tr. *ziyizire* to impede, to stop, to prevent, to hinder • *Ziyiza omuntu oyo atayika ani.* Stop that person from getting here.

**ziza**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)ziza* v.tr. *zizire* to patch • *Ziza esefuliya yaamu etatoonya.* Patch the saucepan so that it does not leak.

**ziza**<sup>2</sup> *(oku)ziza* v.tr. *zizire* (of a totem or traditional belief) to prohibit • *Kiziza omuntu okulya omuziro gwamwe.* It is prohibited for a person to eat his own totem.

**zo** they (class 10 independent pronoun)

**zobongeera** *(oku)zobongeera* v.intr. *zobongeire* to speak as if one has a lisp • *Omulwaire akuzobongeerambe.* The patient speaks as if he had a lisp.

**zobongeerya** *(oku)zobongeerya* v.intr. *zobongeirye, zobongereirye* to lisp, to speak with a lisp • *Omwana wange azobongeerya.* My child lisps. **zoboza** *(oku)zoboza* v.intr. *zobozere* to stammer, to stutter • *Naani oyo akuzoboza?* Who is that stammering?

**zogola** *(oku)zogola* v.intr. *zogoire* (a) to rattle • *Entogoro zikuzogola.* The pod rattles are rattling. (b) to

be talkative • *Omwojo oyo akuzogola muno.* That boy is very talkative.

**zongooza** *(oku)zongooza* v.tr. *zongoozere* to shake (esp. milk) gently in order to make ghee • *ONamusoke akuzongooza amatai.* Namusoke is shaking gently the milk to make ghee.

**zoo** *(e)zoo* n.9/10 <from En.> zoo • *Okyekolamujwiga tumwaja mu zoo.* Tigers are found in the zoo.

**zoole** (e.g. *muzoole, bazoole*) adj. mentally disturbed • *Omuntu omuzoole asimoola ebitaikire.* A mentally disturbed person utters funny things.

**zooni** *(e)zooni* n.9/10 <from En.> zone, area • *Omukali oyo azwa mu zooni yaiswe.* That woman comes from our zone.

**zoora** *(oku)zoora* v.intr. *zoire* (of the moon) to appear, to become visible, to be new • *Emambya okwezi kwazoora.* The moon will appear tomorrow.

**zoorya** *(oku)zoorya* v.tr. *zoirye* to adorn (a pot), to decorate, to engrave • *Akuzoorya ensuwa yaamwe.* She is decorating her pot.

**Zorasituliya** *(e)Zorasituliya* n.9 <from En.> Zoroastrianism • *Abapaazia baikiririza mu Zorasituliya.* The Persians practice Zoroastrianism.

**zuba** *(oku)zuba* v.tr. *zubire* to weed out, to uproot • *Ayabire kuzuba biduuma byamwe.* She went to weed her maize.

**zubu** (e.g. *kizibu, muzibu, bazibu*) adj. difficult, hard • *Okuvuga emotoka nga oikendi atoonyere kintu kizubu.* Driving a vehicle after raining is a hard thing.

**zubya** *(oku)zubya* v.tr. *zubirye* to fill up (e.g. a hole in a pot, saucepan etc.) • *Zubya mangu ensuwa eyo.* Fill up holes of that pot.

**zuguna** *(oku)zuguna* v.intr. *zugunire* to be happy • *Akuzuguna kubba yafunire omurongooro.* She is happy because she got her salary.

**zula** *(oku)zula* v.tr. *zuure* to paint (buildings) in a different colour, to clean up • *Yaba ozule enyumba yange ekwisana kubbi.* Go and paint my house in a different colour, it looks ugly.

**zulubana** *(oku)zulubana* v.intr. *zulubaine, zulubanire* to be very greedy, to gluttonous • *Omusaiza akuzulubana n'enyama nk'atagirya buliizo.* The man is very greedy for the meat as if he doesn't eat it every day.

**zulula** *(oku)zulula* v.tr. *zulwire* to persuade the bride to start eating (traditionally, when a woman gets to her husband after the wedding, she would not eat untill she is persuaded with gifts), to overcome an initial refusal by offering a different present • *Mala kumuzulula alye.* First, give her gifts, then she can eat.

**zuluula** *(oku)zuluula* v.tr. *zulwire* to motivate, to encourage • *Omuduumizi wa iye azuluula abasirikale bamwe.* The army commander motivates his

# soldiers.

**zulya** *(oku)zulya* v.tr. *zwirye* to mix cold water with hot water • *Amaizi gamwocerye olwakubba tiyagazwire kusai.* The water burnt him because he did not mix it with cold water properly.

**zuma**<sup>1</sup> *(oku)zuma* v.tr. *zumire* to insult, to offend, to libel, to slander • *Azumire oita waamwe.* He insulted his father.

**zuma**<sup>2</sup> [see also *lamba*] *(oku)zuma* v.tr. *zumire* to counsel (a bride before marriage) • *Omaama yazumire omwala waamwe nga akwaba kuswerwa.* The mother counselled her daughter when she was going to get married.

**zumbata** [see also *sumbata*] *(oku) zumbata* v.tr. *zumbatire* to hug, to embrace • *Abanyankore bataka muno okuzumbata bairange!* The Banyankore like hugging a lot!

**zumi** (e.g. *muzumi, bazumi*) adj. insulting • *Abakoli ba masanyalaze bazumi muno.* The electricians are extremely insulting.

**zumirira** *(oku)zumirira* v.tr. *zumiriire* (a) to condemn, to denounce • *Omuliisya yazumiriire obwibbi.* The priest condemned the theft. (b) to criticise, to insult • *Omukwenda wa mukama yazumirire gavumenti.* The king's messenger criticised the government.

**zunga** *(oku)zunga* v.intr. *zungire* (a) to stagger, to feel dizzy, to teeter, to walk unsteadily • *Mmusangire aku-* *zunga mu nzira lwa malwa ganywire.* I found him staggering on the road because he was drunk. (b) to loiter, to wander about • *Akaala akabbaire kakuzunga ani kaabire.* The girl who was loitering here has gone away. **zungana** *(oku)zungana* v.intr. *zungaine, zunganire* to walk around, to roam • *Lwaki okuzungana n'omwana?* Why are you walking around with a child?

**zunguuza** [see *zongooza*]

**zunja** [see also *bungeesya*] *(oku)zunja* v.tr. *zunjirye* to spread (often false information) • *Lekerawo okuzunja amakuru agabbi.* Stop spreading false information.

**zurunguura** <Ruruuli> *(oku)zurunguura* v.tr. *zurungwire* to unroll, to uncoil • *Yaba ozurunguure omuguwa guni.* Go and uncoil this rope.

**zurura** *(oku)zurura* v.tr. *zurwire* (of a man) to entice a bride to eat, to persuade • *Zurura omugole weena alye.* Please entice the bride to eat.

**zuuka**<sup>1</sup> [see also *boneka*] *(oku)zuuka* v.intr. *zuukire* to be found, to be discovered • *Enkaito zange ezaali zibuure zimaare ni zizuuka.* My shoes which had got lost are now found.

**zuuka**<sup>2</sup> [see also *furutuka*] *(oku)zuuka* v.intr. *zuukire* (of burns) to worsen • *Ekibunguura w'ekinsiyire wazuukire.* The area where the caterpillar caused skin irritation has worsened.

**zuula** [see also *bona*] *(oku)zuula* v.tr. *zwire* (a) to find, to recover • *Ndi*

*ampi okuzuula omwibbi.* I am about to find the thief. (b) to find out, to identify (e.g. a cause), to discover

**zwa** *(oku)zwa* v.intr. *zwire* (a) to leave, to go away • *Nzwera nyikale.* Go away so that I can sit down. (b) to come from, to hail from, to originate from • *Ozwa ayi?* Where do you come from? (c) (of the sun) to rise • *Eisana lizwa buwuluka.* The sun rises in the east. (e) **zwa mu bulemu** to overcome problems • *Omusaiza yakazwa mu bulemu.* The man has just overcome the problems. (f) **zweramu awo** to gain nothing • *Enkoko zembaire nkuliisya zifiire, nzwereiremu awo.* The chickens which I kept have died. I have gained nothing from them.

**zwaku** *(oku)zwaku* v.tr. *zwireku* to let go, to forget • *Ebyayakaire bizweku.* Let go of the past.

**zwala** *(oku)zwala* v.intr./tr. *zwaire* (a) to get dressed • *Zwala twabe.* Get dressed and let's go. (b) to wear, to put on (a garment) • *Olugoye aluzwaire ku bikukuju.* He is wearing the cloth inside out.

**zwali** (e.g. *muzwali*) adj. welldressed, smartly dressed, dressed up • *OMasereke musaiza muzwali.* Masereka is always smartly dressed. **zwalika** *(oku)zwalika* v.tr. *zwalikire* to sacrifice, to make a sacrifice • *Yazwalikire esaadaka y'entama edi oKa-* *nca.* He sacrificed a sheep to God.

**zwalikisya** *(oku)zwalikisya* v.tr. *zwalikisirye* to dress • *Zwalikisya omwana waamu kusai omulombe gwingi.* Dress your child properly. It's very cold.

**zyagira** *(oku)zyagira* v.intr. *zyagiire* (of herbivores) to reach maximum satisfaction after eating • *Onte aliire n'azyagira.* The cow ate to the point of maximum satisfaction.

**zyawa** *(oku)zyawa* v.intr. *zyawire* (a) to go into exile • *Mwanga yazyawire nga abajungu bamwiyire oku bukama.* Mwanga went into exile when the whites deposed him from power. (b) to die, to perish • *OMagezi yazyawire mu butandu bwa motoka.* Magezi perished in a car accident.

**zyega** *(oku)zyega* v.tr. *zyegire* to grind poorly

**zyege** (e.g. *gazyege, bizyege*) adj. insulting • *Akusimoola gagambo gazyege.* He speaks insulting words.

**zyegi** (e.g. *buzyegi, bizyegi*) adj. poorly ground, coarse • *Yasyeire obwita buzyegi.* She produced poorly ground millet flour.

**zyegula** *(oku)zyegula* v.intr. *zyegwire* to speak vulgarly, to speak using bad language • *Waaliwo omusaiza omuseegu eyazyegulanga.* There was a vulgar man who used to speak vulgarly.

# **References**

Ashton, Ethel O., Enoch M. K. Mulira, E. G. M. Ndawula & Archibald Norman Tucker. 1954. *A Luganda grammar*. London: Longmans, Green & Company.

Atuhairwe, Amos. 2019. *Applicative verbs in Ruruuli-Lunyala: Structure and meaning*. Kampala: Makerere University. (Doctoral dissertation).

Bastin, Yvonne. 1983. *La finale verbale* -ide *et l'imbrication en bantou*. Tervuren: Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale.

Casali, Roderic F. 2011. Hiatus resolution. In Marc van Oostendorp, Colin J. Ewen, Elizabeth Hume & Keren Rice (eds.), *The Blackwell companion to phonology: General issues and segmental phonology*, vol. 3, 1434–1460. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Comrie, Bernard. 1985. *Tense*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

de Brito Gottlieb, Caroline. 2019. *Tonology of the Luruuli/Lunyala noun*. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University. (MA thesis).

de Haas, Wim. 1988. *A formal theory of vowel coalescence: A case study of Ancient Greek*. Dordrecht: Foris.

Doke, Clement M. 1927. *Textbook of Zulu grammar*. Johannesburg: The University of the Witwatersrand Press.

Dom, Sebastian, Guillaume Segerer & Koen Bostoen. 2015. Antipassive/associative polysemy in Cilubà (Bantu, L31a). *Studies in Language* 39(2). 354–385.

Downing, Laura J. 2005. On the ambiguous segmental status of nasals in homorganic NC sequences. In Marc van Oostendorp & Jeroen van de Weijer (eds.), *The internal organization of phonological segments*, 183–216. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.

Downing, Laura J. & Al Mtenje. 2017. *The phonology of Chichewa*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig. 2019. *Ethnologue: Languages of the world*. Dallas, TX: SIL International.

Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2020. *Ethnologue: Languages of the world*. 23rd edn. Dallas, TX: SIL International.

Gibson, Hannah Cameron. 2012. *Auxiliary placement in Rangi: A Dynamic Syntax perspective*. London: SOAS, University of London. (Doctoral dissertation).

Givón, Talmy. 1995. *Functionalism and grammar*. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.


Maienborn, Claudia & Martin Schäfer. 2008. Adverbs and adverbials. In Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger & Paul Portner (eds.), *Semantics. An international handbook of natural language meaning*, vol. 2, 1390–1420. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.


# **Name index**

Ashton, Ethel O., 12 Atuhairwe, Amos, 68, 103

Bastin, Yvonne, 59 Bostoen, Koen, 61, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 101, 105

Casali, Roderic F., 20 Comrie, Bernard, 57

de Brito Gottlieb, Caroline, 15, 16 de Haas, Wim, 23 Doke, Clement M., 38 Dom, Sebastian, 72 Downing, Laura J., 14, 17

Eberhard, David M., v

Fiedler, Ines, 35

Gibson, Hannah Cameron, 87 Givón, Talmy, 107 Green, Elliott D., 5 Güldemann, Tom, 35

Hammarström, Harald, 3 Harjula, Lotta, 74 Haspelmath, Martin, 52 Hengeveld, Kees, 64, 74, 117 Hyman, Larry M., 12, 14, 17, 22, 24, 59

Katamba, Francis X., 12, 18, 22, 24, 35 Kawalya, Deo, 122

Kawasha, Boniface, 107 Kemmer, Suzanne, 73 Kimenyi, Alexandre, 74 Kittilä, Seppo, 100, 101, 103, 106 Kula, Nancy C., 107 Ladefoged, Peter, 3 Lewis, M. Paul, v Lionnet, Florian, 17 Lorenzen, Mandy, 85 Maho, Jouni, 36 Maienborn, Claudia, 76, 126 Marlo, Michael R., 110 Marten, Lutz, 107 Meeussen, Achille E., 65, 108 Miestamo, Matti, 92 Molochieva, Zarina, 64 Mtenje, Al, 17 Musoke, Kato, 4 Muzale, Henry R. T., 64 Mwogezi, Isaabaruuli, 5 Nabirye, Minah, 122

Nakayiza, Judith, 4 Nedjalkov, Vladimir, 108 Nurse, Derek, 56, 57, 59, 64–66

# Odden, David, 17

Pacchiarotti, Sara, 68 Palmer, Frank Robert, 122 Peterson, David A., 101, 105

## Name index

Plungian, Vladimir, 122 Pustet, Regina, 86 Ruppert, Eloisa, 127 Salzmann, Martin, 84 Schadeberg, Thilo C., 61, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 101, 105 Schäfer, Martin, 76, 126 Schoenbrun, David L., 3 Segerer, Guillaume, 74 Semakula Kiwanuka, Mutia Mulumba, 4 Stonehouse, Aidan, 5 Sørensen, Marie-Louise Lind, 124, 125 Taylor, Charles, 74 Thompson, Sandra A., 128 Van de Velde, Mark, 36, 74, 93 van de Weijer, Jeroen, 17 van der Auwera, Johan, 122 van der Hulst, Harry, 17 Vander Wal, John, 3, 4 Vander Wal, Trista, 3, 4 Vennemann, Theo, 25 Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena, 124, 125 Zúñiga, Fernando, 100, 101, 103, 106

# A dictionary and grammatical sketch of RuruuliLunyala

This book is a dictionary and grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala, a Great Lakes Bantu language spoken by over 200,000 people in central Uganda. The dictionary part includes about 10,000 entries. Each entry provides translations into English, example sentences, and essential grammatical information. The dictionary part is supplemented with a grammatical sketch of Ruruuli-Lunyala. It treats a wide range of central phonological and morpho-syntactic topics. This book is a result of a joint effort of a large team of linguists and many speakers of Ruruuli-Lunyala and is intended as a resource for linguists and Ruruuli-Lunyala speakers, learners, and educators.